Viral and bacterial allergies. Specific diagnosis of bacterial allergy role in perception of allergenic bacteria

The most common types of allergies in children are always accompanied by edema and other severe manifestations that need to know all parents.

A few decades ago, the topic of allergies was not so extensively studied as now. In the old days, parents did not even suspect that in some diseases of their children, an acute allergic response to the subject of an irritant was to blame.

Today, modern mothers and dads, pediatricians conduct conversations on the manifestations of allergies from their child - when you need to worry, and when not. Such problems like atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, bronchial asthma and its harbing allergic bronchitis for rumors.

Answer immune system On the overabundance of histamine in the blood and there is an allergic reaction. The appearance of histamine in the blood can provoke as an overabundance of any aggressive substance in its composition (pollen, chocolate, seafood, etc.) so the congenital reaction to the allergen. In the first case, the child can, for example, eat too much chocolate or citrus and citrus and he has a rash on the body, in the second case, when allergen hit, a more acute allergic reaction may occur in the body

The most common types of allergic reactions

Depending on the predisposition to the disease and the very type of allergies, the symptoms of the disease may differ.

Atopic dermatitis

Atopic dermatitis - manifests itself in infancy.

The first "ringing" of atopic dermatitis becomes red-made rash mainly in the mouth area.

It can be both just small pimples and peeling crusts. In some cases, children's atopic dermatitis takes place by 3-4 years, but sometimes can accompany the person and in older age.

Most often atopic dermatitis is a subspecies food allergiesFor example, on dairy products. No wonder modern pediatricians and allergologists advise not to give children under the year cow and even goat milk - it contains many substances that are underdeveloped digestive system Simply can not digest and assimilate. The overabundance of these substances and leads to the appearance of topical dermatitis.

Allergic rhinitis

It is inflammation and swelling of nasopharynx mucous membranes, frequent nasal congestion, difficulty breathing and abundant sneezing. The type of allergy, which is most often wearing a seasonal character, but may be simultaneous (for example, the reaction to animals). It manifests itself when the allergen particles get into the respiratory tract. It can be pollen, animal wool particles, dust, etc. The most dangerous consequence of a protracted allergic rhinitis can be swelling quinque.

Allergic bronchitis

This is a type of disease of the lower respiratory tract. His symptoms: a strong barking cough, difficulty breathing, attacks of suffocation, obstruction. Cough, most often dry, intensify at night. In contrast to viral and bacterial bronchitis, allergic is not accompanied by an increase in body temperature.

This disease is a reaction to "air allergens" - particles of organisms and substances that the patient breathes with air. Such a substance may be dust, and dandruff animals, feathers in the pillow and even mold. In rare cases, such a reaction is observed on food allergens.

A feature of allergic bronchitis is that its appearance can provoke long stress and physical exertion.

Treatment and prevention

The first thing to do with the appearance of any kind of allergies in a child is to give him an antihistamine drug.

Choose better of the preparations of the second and third generation, as they are more effective and do not have strong side phenomena. For children under the age of three years, antihistamines are sold in the form of a syrup, older kids can be given a pill.

After the recruitment of the first symptoms, you need to turn to an allergist and pass the necessary tests. In order to confirm an allergic reaction, and not the manifestation of another disease (for example, with bronchitis), a blood test for immunoglobulin E (IgE) is prescribed. His presence in the body in a concentration exceeding permissible normmeans manifestation allergic reaction. In the case, for example, with allergic bronchitis, such a strong excess of normal values \u200b\u200bmay mean a predisposition to the development of asthma.

The analyzes and prescribed treatment may be useless if you do not exclude contact with the allergen at the initial stage. If this is not fully made, it is possible, then you need to at least limit the cases of contact.

Allergy is a cunning disease that can develop in a matter of minutes and provoke a dangerous condition of the body. You need to know your body and what and how he reacts, and have a good antihistamine in his first aid kit.

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Otekhelp.ru.

Allergies is a reaction that protects the body from a micro-industry. It may be in the cluster of dusty things, flowering plants, sharp smells, food.

Such hypersensitivity can be inherited. Allergy treatment in children need to entrust the doctor. About the predisposition of the baby to allergies, parents can learn immediately after birth, since the acute sensitivity will appear already when the unusual product or the introduction of medication appears in the diet.

As the disease is manifested

Allergic reaction may have many manifestations. The most characteristic of them:

• Raw (redness, urticaria).
• Sneeze.
• Cough attacks.
• Temae's eyes.
• Swelling on the skin.
• Itching (the most unpleasant symptom, since the wounds are formed with strong combing, which can easily get infection).
• Asthma.
• Gastric disorders (rumbling, bloating, nausea, strong belching, abdominal pain).
• Allergic rhinitis (nasal congestion, swelling, dryness of the mucous) can cause asphyxia.

Anaphylactic shock is the most dangerous expression of the reaction of the body to the stimulus. It is accompanied by the loss of consciousness, convulsions, intracranial pressure can significantly decrease. Often this is exactly how an allergic reaction is manifested after some injections of medical preparations and bites of poisonous insects, very rarely as a consequence of food allergies. Alone to assist the patient is impossible.

Allergic reaction can manifest different parts Body and lasts from a few minutes to several days. It depends on the individual susceptibility of your child's body. Temperature, as a rule, does not rise.

Allocate the true and false allergies. Both species have similar symptoms, but false is not associated with the participation of immunoglobulins. True causes a reaction with the slightest contact with an irritant factor. With a false reaction is the stronger than large quantity Irritant affects.

Localization of allergic reactions

Allergies can manifest itself on the child's body in different places.

• On the face. In food allergies, often rashes and redness appear on the cheeks, which can say that the provocateur is a cosmetic.
• On the neck. Allergen is in clothing (wool, synthetics), decorations. In infants, such rashes are called the Pepper and are associated with overheating.
• On hand and legs. This reaction may occur on any of the stimuli.
• On buttocks. At all small kids, the priests may be associated with impaired hygiene rules or incorrectly chosen diaper. The older people are more often associated with reaction to cosmetics.

The nature of the rashes, redness and other painful manifestations on the body will correctly determine only the doctor. After all, it is possible that a small little man is not allergic, and a viral infection is a windshnaya pack, korea rubella, etc.

Types of allergies

There are several types of allergies that are classified depending on the causative agent:

Food	This species is very common among babies, the emergence of a reaction to one or more products prevails.
Respiratory (Respiratory)	Inhalation path of penetration into the body's body.
Dusty	This type of allergy is distributed into a separate category due to the fact that the body reacts solely on the ticks in dusty air
Polleoz	The stimulus is a flower pollen, a seasonality one of the main signs, the disease in accuracy coincides with the flowering period and passes immediately after it.
Insect Allergies (Medical Term - Insecual)	The bite of mosquito or midge can become the root cause of the disease. Very often about such allergies, too strong swelling after a bite, which develops very quickly
Allergy to animals	Allergen are cats, dogs and other pets, their saliva, skin scales, feathers, fluff, excrement
Drug	Reaction to a medicine or any of its component
The presence in the organism of helminths	Glice invasions often provoke the development of allergies

Food

Most often provocateurs are citrus (grapefruit, oranges, tangerines) or red berries, some varieties of meat, dairy drinks. Hazing with an amplifier of taste and dye is no exception - the child is better not to give such drinks.

Until a three-year-old age, the kids may show a reaction to lactose. The root causes of the occurrence of food allergies include the intestine dysbiosis - a change in the species composition of bacteria in the intestines, which cause microbial imbalance.

Respiratory

This species is characterized by unpleasant sensations in the nasopharynx right up to choking. Caused by smells, blooming plants, animals with long wool.

The reaction may also occur on the paint for the walls and mold. It can be a push to the development of bronchial asthma.

Gliste

Provoked by the productivity of helminths, which are thrown into the blood. The disease occurs in a more severe form, is treated difficult.

Diagnosis of allergies

Provocateurs of children's allergies to determine is not easy, since at a young age spectrum of irritants is great. Special attention is paid to the observed symptoms, their development, diet.

Maintaining a diary with a description of the household situation, manifestations of allergies, their frequency is necessary. The tendency to allergies from relatives and loved ones is determined - heredity plays not a latter role.

Timely diagnosis of the painful state consists of a complex of events:

To establish an accurate diagnosis, different methods are used:

1. General blood analysis. In the presence of helminths in the body, the amount of eosinophils is increased, which can cause an allergic reaction.
2. Skin-allergic samples - the stimulus is applied at the forearm, in the event of a reaction, the allergen is considered certain.
3. A test that provokes the reaction with the introduction of the food stimulus under the language.

In case of predisposition to allergies, the child may have irritants and the reaction to them at different ages. For example, the kids have the body can botherly react to a new product. A slightly ground, a reaction to smells or blossoms of ambrosia can manifest.

In adolescence, an allergen may be a cosmetic (gel, cream, varnish). Symptoms may also change. Therefore, diagnosis is necessary at each manifestation of an allergic reaction. Allergic reaction may occur in a newborn. In this case, it is necessary to look for a stimulus in the mother's nutrition, by eliminating it to get rid of crumb from unpleasant symptoms.

After establishing allergen

When the reason for an allergic reaction was accurately established, the doctor will tell how to treat allergies in a child. As a rule, treatment is to exclude any contact with the source of allergies.

If detected food reactionFrom the diet, products provoking allergies are excluded. They can be tried to introduce later when the child matches a little. If the use of any product caused anaphylactic shock, it will have to be excluded from the diet for life.

With household allergies, large soft toys, carpets, wool heavy blankets, feather blankets and pillows are departed away. The reaction to the cosmetic agents arising from the older kids demonstrates the need to replace cream, soap or washing powders (detergents) that did not fit.

Helps temporary change of climate - sanitary-resort treatment.

Medical therapy

For the treatment of allergies, a child has developed many funds, the use of which helps to remove unpleasant symptoms for the patient.

These are all sorts of tablets, ointments, syrups, solutions, creams, nasal sprays, inhalers.

The main types of therapy:

• Local. Mazi is appointed, local action creams to combat rash, inflammation, redness and edema.
• Total. The diet is adjusted, drops, syrups, suspensions, tablets are prescribed.
• Angiotropic therapy is designed to eliminate the root causes of allergies.
• Symptomatic assumes removal or facilitating unpleasant symptoms of the disease. Application is possible in launched or in chronic cases.

Types of drugs that can be appointed by a doctor:

• Antihistamines. Impact on the inflammation center (drops, syrups, suspensions). Third generation drugs should not have side effects - cause drowsiness, affect the work of the heart. The second generation drugs have an action to work with the heart, especially in cases where they have to be combined with antibiotics, antifungal drugs. The first generation drugs in the treatment of children are extremely rare due to a pronounced sleeping pills.
• Stabilizers of fat cells are assigned asthma or bronchitis.
• Hormonal treatment. In the treatment of kids is practically not used, except when other drugs did not give positive results (ointment, creams). Used to remove local symptoms. Such treatment should last no more than 5 days. Hormonal treatment can be appointed child older than six months.
• Dietherapy. At the heart of treatment, the principle of excluding irritant from the diet in order to prevent allergy transition to heavier or chronic forms. If it is impossible to determine the product-allergen, a special diet can be assigned, eliminating the monotony of food.

Of course, individual preparations and dosages will be selected for each child.

Preventive measures

The prevention of allergic diseases can include periodic change in climatic conditions: travel to the sea (sea air), in the forest, in the mountains. The regular stay of the baby in the fresh air and the sun helps to prevent and cure allergic reactions. Additionally, mud and carbon and mineral baths are prescribed.

In the food allergy, one of the ways of effective treatment is the strictest observance of a diet, excluding product-allergens, but a mandatory presence in food necessary vitamins and minerals. Milk can be replaced by fermented milk products, use dietary grade meat.

Daily morning gymnastics, wipes with a cool towel, walking in the fresh air, good nutrition will help strengthen the body's protective forces.

Deteylechenie.ru.

In recent years, in clinical allergology, the problems of bacterial allergies are practically ousted by ideas about the leading role of atopy in the genesis of most allergic diseases.

At the same time, the relationship of infection and allergic diseases is completely obvious, including bronchial asthma.

The role of IgE-dependent processes in the pathogenesis of infectious allergies has been proven.

In this regard, it is currently an interest in the possibility of conducting a SIT with infectious-allergic diseases, in particular with bronchial asthma. Promising is the problem of development effective vaccines For Sit. It should be noted that in allergology, significant experience has been accumulated on allergen-specific immunotherapy of patients with infectious-allergic bronchial asthma.

Despite this, in the defining modern document, the bacterial vaccination is called ineffective (Who PAPER PAPER. ALERGEN IMMUNOTHERAPY: THERAPEUTIC VACCINES FOR ALERLGIC DISEASES (Allergy. 1998, V53. N 44 (Suppl). Nevertheless, it is proved that if there is an immediate type of hypersensitivity to Microbial allergens specific treatment It turns out very effective. This is evidenced by the work of both domestic and foreign authors.

Probably, the ineffectiveness of individual works on the sieve bacterial allergens can be explained by the improper selection of patients for treatment, the lack of appropriate skills to carry out a doctor. In this regard, the special section dedicate the experience of the SIT in infectious allergies.

The history of the problem of bacterial allergies

The problem of allergic reactions in infectious diseases finds its origins in the works of the German doctor R. Koch (R. Koch, 1843 - 1910), devoted to the study of tuberculosis. It is known that tuberculosis is one of the most severe infectious diseases, which, thanks to the observations of R.KOCH and the works of other researchers, played the role of the so-called classical model of bacterial allergies.

In 1906, S. Pirguet reported on the important value of the scarification test in tuberculinidiagnostics and introduced into medical practice the term "allergy" (from Greek. "Allyos" - other, "Ergos" - I act), denoting the changed reactivity of the body. Antibodies that were previously thought are produced in the body under the influence of Tuberculina, S. Pirguet called "Ergini".

In Russia, the allergenic properties of bacteria were studied in the very first works on anaphylaxis and allergies.

Research PF Zdodovsky in infectious parallergia made a significant contribution to the teaching on allergies in general and about bacterial allergies, in particular. An opening phenomenon of a generalized allergic reaction to cholera vibrine endotoxin, as noted by A.D.ado, is the first description of this type of reaction. Many terms, criteria and patterns of manifestation of allergic reactions were first established and firmly entered into allergology based on the study of bacterial allergies. Following the studies on the allergenic activity of the pathogen of tuberculosis, work began to appear, indicating the allergizing effect of other microorganisms.

Special attention was paid to the allergenic properties of grappletic coils, in particular, hemolytic streptococcus and pneumococcus. Classic are the works R.Lancefield on antigenic and allergenic characteristic Hemolytic streptococci, which indicate that in experimental studies, the al-leverizing effect of their TYPOSPECIAL protein, the so-called M-substance of hemolytic streptococcus was revealed.

An extremely important stage in the development of research in the field of bacterial allergies opened the works of O. Swineford and its employees. In the late 40s, these researchers discovered allergenic properties in 14 species of various microorganisms, namely: hemolytic and green streptococcus, staphylococcus, catarrhal micrococcus, intestinal and blue sticks, protest, etc.

For the first time, the attention of researchers on the allergenic properties of those microbes were drawn, the Commonwealth of which was the so-called normal microflora of the mucous membranes of the respiratory and intestinal tract.

Bronchial asthma (BA) - a disease in which the "shock" body is bronchi and with the infectious-allergic genesis of the diseases of the mucous membranes of the lower respiratory tract "inhabited" by various types of pathogenic (Klebseyella, Pneumococcus), and Pathogenic (Green Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Nassenia et al.) Microbes and saprophytes (sarcin, dipteroids, etc.) (Table 7). Total to 16 - 18 types of microorganisms are included in the microflora of the lower respiratory tract of patients with infectious asthma. The work of domestic and foreign researchers was proved by the leading role of allergies to microbes - the inhabitants of the mucous membranes of the bronchi patients with BA in the pathogenesis of this disease.

The results of the assessment of the hypersensitivity of patients with infectious-allergic BA to the allergens of autogenic strains isolated from the mucous membranes of the bronchi of these patients are presented on Table. 8.

Table 7. Microflora of the oz, nose, bronchi in patients with infectious-allergic bronchial asthma

Table 8. Skin and bronchial reactions to bacterial allergens in patients with infectious-allergic bronchial asthma (according to V.N. Fedosayeva, 1980)

Among the allergens of these crops (neasery, pneumococcal, staphylococcus, Klebsiella, Streptococcus, Sardin), neussereria and staphylococci were leading. Significant allergenic activity is marked by Klebsiella, however, the frequency of detection of this microbe in the crops from the mucous membranes of the bronchi patients does not exceed 10 - 15%. But in cases where the microbe was present in the crops, the patient's hypersensitivity to the allergens of this microorganism was sharply expressed.

Currently, allergic practice is widely used for specific diagnostics and therapy of allergens (and vaccine forms) of infectious diseases: Tuberculin, Malein, Brucellin, Lepromine, etc., as well as pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic representatives of the microflora of the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract of patients with the respiratory - allergic diseases: allergens and vaccines from streptococci, staphylococci, pneumococci, etc.

Considering the history of the problem of bacterial allergies, on the one hand, emphasizes the fact that it was when studying infectious diseases for the first time, both the very concept of "allergy" and such terms, as "type of allergic reaction", "the reaction of a slow and immediate type" , "Skin-allergic diagnostic tests", "tuberculinidiagnosis", etc., which are firmly entered into allergology and are currently used.

On the other hand, it should be noted that allergenic activity is inherent in not only the causative agents of infectious diseases, but also to representatives of the so-called conditional pathogenic microflora of the respiratory tract of patients with respiratory-allergic diseases. In addition, it is quite obvious that bacterial allergies have features due to both the properties of the microorganism and the reactivity of the body of the patient with an infectious-allergic disease.

Hutueva S.X., Fedoseeva V.N.

medbe.ru.

I.I. Balabolkin

Pediatrics of the Scientific Center of Children's Health Ramna, Moscow

URL

Allergic diseases are among the most common diseases in childhood. According to those performed in various regions Russian Federation Epidemiological studies, they suffer to 15% of the children's population. The highest prevalence of allergic diseases is celebrated among urban children, and especially among children living in cities with a high level of pollution aerial By-chemical products of industrial production and road transport.

Causes

A direct correlation dependence is revealed between the degree of contamination by its chemicals and the prevalence of bronchial asthma and atopic dermatitis. High respiratory allergic incidence takes place among children living in the conditions of a wet climate of seaside areas. Less often, allergic diseases are detected among rural children. Extremely common pathology among children are Polynomies, the emergence of which is more often registered among rural children compared to urban. However, in recent years, there has been a tendency to increase the prevalence of polynoms among urban children, correlacing with increasing air pollution by side chemicals of road transport.

In the antenatal period, a factor contributing to the sensitization of the body is a significant allergenic load on the fruit as a result of the reception of medicines by the mother, excessive use by it food productsWith sensitizing activity, a high level of exposure to pollen allergens and aero allergens of the dwellings, the impact of professional chemicals, smoking. The sensitization of the fetus can initiate a viral infection transferred by the mother during pregnancy.

In the postnatal period, the risk of allergic reactions and diseases in children can increase excessive use of high-caliper products, polypragmasia, high levels of aero allergens in housing, unfavorable housing conditions.

High risk factors for the occurrence of allergic pathology in children include the burden of heredity by allergic reactions and diseases. The evidence of the participation of the genes of the immune response in the products of specific IgE antibodies, the genetic determination of anti-inflammatory cytokines, the hyperreactivity of the bronchi is obtained.

In the development of allergic diseases in children, the nutritional allergy plays an important role. The problem of food allergies in children is primarily the development of skin and gastrointestinal allergies to proteins of cow milk, eggs, cereals prevailing among the manifestic forms of allergies in children early age.

In recent years, the development has been celebrated medicinal allergies in children. Most often, its occurrence is noted against the antibiotics of the penicillin row. Often allergic reactions occur when the appointment of sulfanimide and protein preparations, non-specific anti-inflammatory agents, antibiotics of other groups, group vitamins B. Medications are the most common cause of systemic allergic reactions ( anaphylactic shock, urticissions, swelling of quinque), acute toxico-allergic reactions (multiform exudative erythema, Layella syndrome, Stevenson-Johnson syndrome), in a number of patients they become the reason for the exacerbation of atopic dermatitis, bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis and occurrence contact dermatitis.

Aero allergens housing (allergens of home dust, Dermatophagoides Pteronyssinus, Dermatophagoides Farinae) They act as the leading cause of the occurrence of allergic diseases of the respiratory organs in children (bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis). The significance of sensitization to home dust microclasses in the development of exacerbations of atopic dermatitis and combined manifestations of atopic dermatitis and bronchial asthma in children. The emergence of allergic respiratory diseases in a number of children is due to sensitization to pet allergens (more often, cats, dogs), bird feather, cockroaches, dry food for fish contained in aquariums.

Sensitization to pollen allergens is causing in the development of an allergic process in 20% of children with allergic diseases, while there is an increase in the role of pollen sensitization in the formation of allergic pathology with an increase in the age of children. The peculiarity of the spectrum of pollen sensitization in various regions of Russia and caused by these boundary characteristics of polynomations in children is detected. Polynosis, registered in the southern regions of the Russian Federation, caused by ambrosium sensitization, is characterized by a heavier course. Pollen allergens are most often the cause of allergic eye and respiratory tract, less often - skin covers and internal organs.

Often the reason for the occurrence of allergic pathology in children is sensitizing to mold mushrooms. It occurs to the presence of severe allergenic activity in the dispute of mold mushrooms and a big prevalence of them in environment. When conducting an allergological examination, sensitization to allergens of mold fungi is found in 50% of children with bronchial asthma. Most often, these patients are revealed by increased sensitivity to mushrooms. Alternaria, Aspergillus, Candida, Penicillium. Often sensitization to allergens of mold mushrooms is registered in children suffering from atopic dermatitis and combined manifestations of atopic dermatitis and bronchial asthma. Sensitization to the allergens of mushrooms is more often found in children who previously obtained repeated courses of treatment with antibiotics of penicillin rows, and in children living in raw residential premises. The attachment of sensitization to mold mushrooms is largely agitating the flow of bronchial asthma in childhood.

Development of allergic pathology in children can contribute to bacterial sensitization. Most of the well-known microorganisms have allergenic activity. Higher level of sensitization cause non-pathogenic strains of microbes. Significant allergenic activity have proteins and polysaccharides of staphylococci and streptococci, Candida. and intestinal sticks. They are able to cause the development of IgE-mediated allergic reactions. In the serum of children suffering from bronchial asthma, specific IGE antibodies to bacterial antigens are detected. Bacterial allergies more often develops with inflammatory process in almonds putty sinuses Nose, biliary trait, bronchi.

In children with bronchial asthma, atopic dermatitis, dermatitis, dermatitis syndrome, the aggravation of the allergic process is often observed during the layering of acute respiratory viral infection, after which the patients have an increase in the level of the general Ige in the blood serum. In these cases, an increase in IGE content in peripheral blood can be associated with sensitizing influence of viruses on the body of children suffering from allergic diseases.

In the development of allergic diseases, changes in the functioning of the immune system are determining importance. The occurrence of atopic diseases is associated with IgE-mediated allergic reactions. With an allergological examination of children suffering from atopic dermatitis, pollinozes, atopic bronchial asthma, recurrent urching and sneaks, an increase in the level of total IgE is detected and specific IgE antibodies are detected to various groups of exogenous allergens. The participation of IgG4 in the pathogenesis of atopic diseases in children is not excluded.

The significance of changes in cellular immunite in the development of atopic diseases in children is essential. The increase in total IgE products is a consequence of the interaction of macrophages, T- and B-lymphocytes. The IGE hyperproduction is due to the activation of TH2 lymphocytes and the increased synthesis of IL-4, IL-6, IL-13 associated with it.

The course of atopic diseases in children is accompanied by a violation of the metabolism of lipids of membranes, an increase in the synthesis of prostaglandins, leukotrienes, thrombooxanes, a factor activating platelets; Proof of neuropeptide participation in the mechanisms for the development of allergic diseases are obtained.

Pathogenesis

The pathogenetic basis of atopic diseases (bronchial asthma, atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, gastrointestinal allergies) is allergic inflammation. Allergic inflammation arising into the late phase is a consequence of excessive products and exposure to the cells involved in its development (eosinophils, macrophages, T-lymphocytes, neutrophils) cytokines (IL-3, IL-5, IL-8, IL-16, GM -Xf, TNFA), leukotrienes. In children with atopic diseases, the allergic nature of inflammation confirms the detection of eosinophilic lymphocytic infiltration in the biopsies of the mucous membrane of the bronchi, the stomach, the flowing intestine, the skin, an increase in the concentration of eosinophilic cationic protein in the liquid biological environments of the body and tissues of the shock organ.

In modern conditions, there is a tendency to the more severe flow of allergic diseases in children. This is confirmed in identifying a significant number of patients with severe bronchial asthma patients with a severe course of bronchial asthma, atopic dermatitis, the increase in cases of half ancient in children with obstructive damage to bronchi, involvement of visceral bodies into the allergic process. A more severe course of allergic diseases in children is observed in regions with massive air pollution chemical compounds.

Diagnostics

In recent years, progress has been made in creating more informative methods Allergodiagnostics. In the work of allergic departments and cabinets is widely used immuno enzyme method Definitions of specific IGE antibodies to allergens of home and library dust, Dermatophagoides Pteronyssinus, Dermatophagoides Farinae, pets, feather, food, fungal and pollen allergens. Perspectively use for the purpose of diagnosis of drug allergies of braking test of natural emigration of leukocytes in the oral cavity. To detect sensitization to various groups of allergens, it is possible to use chemiluminescent allergic test (IGE-MAST).

Drawing. Classic "Allergy's face" in a child

Treatment

Therapy of allergic diseases in children is a pathogenetic and is carried out with regard to features clinical manifestations, activity and severity of the allergic process.

Compliance with the principle of allergenic gentity in relation to the sick child is an important condition for the achievement of positive results of treatment. Prevention of re-contact with causal-significant drugs, edible allergens and a decrease in the concentration of aero allergens in the home contribute to a decrease in the manifestations of the disease. The exception of cow milk from the nutrition of the children of the first year of life suffering from allergies to its proteins, and the replacement of cow milk and nutritional mixtures based on soy mixtures contribute to the reverse development of the allergic process. In children with sensitization to aero allergens, the dwellings contributes to the conduct of preventive measures aimed at reducing the content of these allergens in residential premises.

Therapy exacerbations of allergic diseases Children are based on the use of drugs that inhibit the development of allergic reactions and allergic inflammation (sympathomimetics, methylxantines, anti-media and anticholinergic effects, glucocorticosteroids).

Foundation urgent therapy attack bronchial asthma This is bronchospasmolytic therapy. Selective B2-agonists (Salbutamol, Fenoterol, etc.) have the greatest bronchospasmolytic activity. Inhalation of these drugs ensures rapid restoration of bronchial patency. In cases of developing an attack of bronchial asthma in children of early age and with severe exacerbations, its most effectively the use of salcutamola solutions and phenooterol through the nebulizer. In the occurrence of severe attacks of bronchial asthma, sympathomometric means are inhaled and parenterally glucocorticosteroids are prescribed (hydrocortisone, prednisone, dexamethasone). In children with non-heavy attacks of bronchial asthma, the restoration of bronchial patency can be achieved by the appointment of a bromide ipratropium or a combination of a ipratropium with a phenotherol. Aminoophyllin has significant bronchospasmolytic activity. In cases of severe attacks of bronchial asthma and an asthmatic state, infusion therapy with aminoophylline and glucocorticosteroids is fairly effective. When the patient identifies the instructions for the use of glucocorticosteroids to remove heavy broncho-prestructive syndrome, it is advisable to appoint a short (up to 5 days) course of treatment with prednisolone orally. Penaging with the purpose of glucocorticosteroids in cases of severe attacks of bronchial asthma and asthmatic states may cause the adverse outcome of bronchial asthma.

In children S. allergic skin diseases (atopic dermatitis, urticaria, swelling, contact dermatitis) The reverse development of the inflammatory process on the skin contributes to the elimination of causal and significant allergens, the purpose of antihistamine drugs (H1-histamine blockers and ketotifenis), use with moderately pronounced manifestations of atopic and contact dermatitis of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents and Topical glucocorticosteroids in cases of a pronounced inflammatory process on leather, resistant to traditional therapy, contributes to the achievement of the remission of the disease. Increasing the effectiveness of the treatment of children with atopic dermatitis and recurrent urban, the therapeutic correction of disorders contributes to digestive tract, Central nervous system.

In the treatment of exacerbations year-round and seasonal allergic rhinitis Antihistamines of the second and third generations are effective (asthemisol, Loratadine, Fexofenenadine, Cetirizin, Ebastin), antihistamines of local action (azolestine, Levokabastin), as well as anti-inflammatory drugs (crudged acid) and topical glucocorticosteroids (beclomeletazone, flute-cazone).

Foundation preventive treatment with atopic diseases Children make up anti-inflammatory pharmacotherapy. Cromoglylikat and sodium unoccuping, topical glucocorticosteroids have anti-inflammatory activity. A small anti-inflammatory effect was found in ketotifenis, cetirizine, dulyate theophylline. Our observations indicate enough high efficiency The treatment of sodium chromaglicate with bronchial asthma, allergic rhythm, allergic conjunctivitis, food gastrointestinal allergies. Achieving remission with bronchial asthma in children contributes to the treatment of sodium subdochal. With heavy flow allergies (bronchial asthma, atopic dermatitis, allergic rhine), the use of topical glucocorti-costeroids is effective. An increase in the effectiveness of preventive treatment in children with bronchial asthma contributes to the appointment of durant methylksanthines and prolonged B2-agonists (Salmeterol, Formoterol).

In the treatment of children with allergic diseases, the use of new anti-allergic drugs (ketotiphene, asthymola, loratadine, fexophenadin, cetirizine, ebastine) is effective. The appointment of them in atopic dermatitis, allergic rhine, polinoses, recurrent urticarization and swelling, atopic bronchial asthma helps to reduce the manifestations of the disease and achieve the remission of the allergic process in a number of patients.

Allergen-specific immunotherapy is the leading method for the treatment of children suffering from atopic diseases. This method of treatment with half ancient, allergic rhine, atopic bronchial asthma is most effective. The experience of the Allergological Department of the Pediatric Research Institute of Pediatrics and the Scientific Center for Children's Health RAMS indicates the effectiveness of parenteral and non-invasive (endonazal, oral, sublingual) methods of specific immunotherapy in children with half ancient and atopic bronchial asthma.

Effectively use in children with bronchial asthma anti-stylish drugs (montelukasta, zafirlukasta). The appointment contributes to the coordination of the exacerbations, the easier flow of attacks, the mixture of the difficulties of breathing arising at night hours, as well as in cases of aggravation of bronchial asthma, arising from the intolerance to non-specific anti-inflammatory funds, with physical overvoltage.

Increasing the effectiveness of children's therapy with allergic diseases contributes to the introduction of educational programs for parents of patients. Educational programs set the goal to teach parents to control the surrounding patient, properly to carry out therapeutic and rehabilitation activities, correctly control the effectiveness of the treatment carried out and teach patients with bronchial asthma to properly use picflowometer and inhalation devices for the introduction of bronchospaszytic and anti-inflammatory drugs.

The implementation of rehabilitation programs is an important direction in the improvement of children with allergic diseases. In patients with bronchial asthma, reducing treatment programs based on the use of respiratory and medical gymnastics, massage, sports outdoor activities, swimming. In the rehabilitation of children suffering from atopic dermatitis, important Have an organization diet nutrition, The use of physiotherapeutic effects. A favorable effect on the course of bronchial asthma and atopic dermatitis in children has a spa treatment. In the rehabilitation of children with allergic diseases, the significance of the dispensary monitoring of them.

The significant frequency of the development of allergic diseases in children determine the need for widespread coverage by their preventive vaccinations. The implementation of them during the clinical remission of the allergic process against the background of anticorcidal treatment contributes to the favorable course of the post-specific period and reducing the frequency of exacerbations of allergic diseases associated with the introduction of vaccines.

A decrease in the level of allergic morbidity may contribute to the further study of the epidemiology of allergic diseases and the creation on this basis of the rational system of organizing allergological assistance to children, clarifying regional risk factors for the occurrence of allergic diseases and the development of prevention measures of allergic pathology in childhood.

Literature:

1. Allergic diseases in children / edited by M.Ya. Studenkina, I.I. Balabokina. M., Medicine. 1998; 348.
2. Busse w.w. // Allergy and Clin.immunology. 1990; 85 (4): 671-83.
3. Mollica F. // Ann. Allergy. 1991; 66: 490-3.
4. Balabolkin I.I. Subbotina O.A. // Vestn. Perinat. and pediatrics. 1994; 3: 26-8.
5. Balabolkin I.I. Bronchial asthma in children. M., Medicine, 1985; 176.
6. Borish L. // Immunol. Invest. 1987; 16 (6): 501-32.

www.nedug.ru.

There is in nature and such a type of allergen as bacterial. These are all our famous bacteria, viruses, microbes. All my life we \u200b\u200bare fighting with them, boil them, we will irradiate, we are sent by germs and all kinds of antibiotics on them. All in vain: they mutate, they acquire stability and continue to be tyranny. Something, however, we managed to achieve. We got rid of, for example, from black smallpox and do not die from the inflammation of the lungs and angina. However, allergies to viruses and bacteria still exist.

It begins, as a rule, with a simple ARS or any other typical infectious disease. The temperature rises, bronchitis appears, shortness of breath, cough, which does not pass for months. Then asthmatic bronchitis occurs when a whistling breathing, wheezing in the lungs, shortness of breath almost do not disappear. Naturally, man begins to take medicines hard, including antibiotics. Such treatment instead of the expected benefit brings enormous harm to the body: an increased sensitivity to the antibiotic occurs. And when a microbe, and an antibiotic, and an antibiotic, are also beginning to operate in the body, then the increased sensitivity to them is formed even faster.

So what causes allergies? Maybe staphylococcus? Or pneumococcus? Or peacefully living in the intestine intestinal wand? Imagine yes. It is these innocuous microbes, along with streptococcus, a series of a series, a beat, hemophyllus. But from viruses the most common cause of microbial allergies are, for example, influenza viruses and paragrippa.

What contributes to the development of diseases caused by microbes? First of all, the focus of chronic infection, for example, purulent inflammation of the middle ear or abscess (pumping) tooth. The microbes that caused this process shall highlight the special substances to which increased sensitivity is formed in the body. Thus, a bronchial asthma can also develop in a person with a conventional carious tooth. Carious teeth, inflammation of the apparent sinuses (for example, during a hyimorite), a gallbladder with cholecystitis and other foci of infection can cause bacterial allergies.
Diseases caused by microbes, fungi or viruses in the development of which allergies are played a large role, are called infectiouslergic diseases. This, for example, tuberculosis, brucellosis and others.

sECULIFE.RU.

The role of allergies in the pathogenesis of infectious diseases

It is possible to distinguish four degrees of allergies in the mechanisms of development of infectious diseases.

I. The allergic mechanism is leading in the pathogenesis of the disease. It is this group of infectious diseases that is infected with infection-allergic. This includes a few acute infectious diseases, which are based on hypergic inflammation, and all CHRON, infections: tuberculosis, brucellosis, tuberculoid leprosy, actinomycosis, cocidioidosis, hron, candidiasis, syphilis, firmisia, rheumatism, etc. Sensitizing properties have not only vigilant, But conditionally pathogenic microbes. Among them, the most frequent cause of sensitization are staphylococci, streptococci, neasery, intestinal wand and other widespread microbes and fungi (candidate). As a rule, the disease develops on the soil of sensitization by microbes in the hron, inflammatory foci. Microbial etiology in these cases is confirmed not only by positive skin samples, but also by exacerbation of the disease after the formulation of such samples.

Some acute infectious diseases, especially pertussus, influenza, mycoplasma pneumonia, can activate the microflora in the chron foci, infection and cause an aggravation or even the emergence of infectious-allergic diseases - bronchial asthma, microbial rhinitis. The same complications are sometimes observed as a result of preventive vaccinations with alive vaccines. The mechanism of their development may be different: adjuvant activity (see adjuvants, adjuvant disease), improving the sensitivity of the body to histamine, creating conditions for the reproduction of banal microflora.

The causative agents of infections can also cause the development of autoallergic or autoimmune diseases (see auto alicle diseases).

II. The allergic component does not have a decisive value in the pathogenesis Acute infectious diseases, but easily detected clinically with the help of laboratory data and by histol results, research. This includes almost all acute infectious diseases for the few exceptions of those morphol, the basis of which is a pronounced hypergic inflammation (scarletin, mug, eryzipeloid, tularemia). Allergic samples usually become positive in the period when the diagnosis is no longer a doubt.

III. Allergy does not play a significant role in pathogenesis infectious diseases, since it does not have time to develop, for example, in botulism, cholera.

IV. Allergic reactions (drug allergies, serum disease) are enjoyed on the course of infectious disease. These reactions are not directly related to the pathogenesis of the underlying disease, but may cause severe complications. Eg, the frequency and severity of allergic reactions to antibiotics used to treat infectious diseases are increasing; Application to leap. Serum is associated with the introduction of the strongest allergens (animal protein), the frequency of the development of serum diseases reaches 20-30%.

Some features of infectious allergic diseases.

Infectious-allergic diseases are characterized by a number of general features:

1. The basis of morphol, changes lies the formation of cell infiltrates (granulom).

2. N. past illnessesNor preventive vaccination with alive vaccines do not give reliable life immunity.

3. The pathogen has a tendency to the intracellular location, which determines the development of the PC of the slow-type (eg, with toxoplasmosis, visceral leishmaniasis, histoplasmosis, lepreing, brucellosis, etc.). It is possible that the formation of L-forms of bacteria plays a paramount role (see), which has already been proven with respect to brucellosis, tuberculosis.

4. Most infectious-allergic diseases have a hron, flow (years, decades, and sometimes life): tuberculosis, tuberculoid leprosy, actinomycosis, syphilis, fryrambesia, etc.

5. CHRON, infectious-allergic diseases are characterized by polymorphism of the clinic. Often they begin with any limited focus (tuberculosis, histoplasmosis, syphilis, tularemia, etc.), and sometimes this "primary affect" is not observed, generalization (brucellosis) comes quickly. In any case, in the future, a wide variety of prevalence and localization lesions are possible: septic and disseminated forms, isolated or multiple, acutely occurring or hron, lesions of the musculoskeletal system, internal organs, nervous system.

6. For most diseases, the alternation of the periods of relative wedge, well-being and exacerbations; Often the wave-like current, recurrence after imaginary cure.

7. The occurrence of latent forms, for example, tuberculosis, brucellosis, histoplasmosis, when there is no causative agent in the body of a disease clinic.

8. The state of an unstable equilibrium between the human body and the microbe leads to the fact that the conditions of food, the deficit of vitamins, the effect of cooling, overheating, injury, and pregnancy, and etc. have a large influence.

The teaching of infectious allergic diseases depends on the reactivity of the body.

The following reactivity options are possible, determined using skin samples and other research methods:

a) Azeroactivity and hyporeactivity: skin samples are negative or poorly expressed, intravenous administration of the vaccine causes a weakly pronounced overall reaction; Areactivity is most often found in the terminal stage of the disease; With hyporeactivity, the course of the disease is sluggish, without pronounced allergic lesions, but stubborn, protracted, with a long subfebilite, expressed functional changes from the nervous system;

b) "Normoreactivity": skin samples are clearly expressed, in vitro tests well reveal the state of the PC of the slow-type; Wedge, the flow of relatively favorable with a variety of manifestations of allergic inflammatory lesions; Vaccinotherapy gives a positive effect;

c) hypereactivity: when the skin samples is set a severe overall reaction with lymphangitis, temperature lift, focal reactions; Locally dominate heavy inflammatory, sometimes necrotic changes; Specific immunotherapy in hyperreactivity causes severe response and not shown.

From infectious allergic diseases it is necessary to distinguish allergic diseases, the cause of which are non-pathogenic microbes and their livelihoods and which do not cause the infectious process in people. They flow as ordinary allergic diseases caused by allergens of non-chicken origin. As an example, it is possible to allergic to microbial origin antibiotics, k-room refer to drug allergies. In a number of countries, detergents were widespread with the addition of proteolytic enzymes obtained from Bacillus subtilis; In workers producing detergents with these high-caligenic additives, and in persons who used powders described the development of bronchial asthma and other allergic diseases.

Mold fungi and their disputes can cause inhalation allergens to cause bunch of bronchial asthma. Yeast fungi in some cases play the role of food allergen.

In the case of a "light farmer" (see pneumonia, allergic allergic allergic allergic) causes the disease to inhalation of thermophilic actinomycetes contained in the sneezer. At the same time, there is sensitization according to the type of phenomenon of artus with a high level of precipitin in the blood.

Infectious Allergy and Immunity

Opinions regarding the interconnection of the PC of a slow-type and immunity in infectious diseases is very contradictory. In the experiment it is difficult to separate the immunity from the PC of the slowdown type, since. various methods Immunization, which do not lead to the formation of a delayed type, do not give a fairly pronounced immunity. In the experimental parenteral administration of microbes labeled with radioactive isotopes, it was established that the sediments of the delayed type significantly slows down the spread of the pathogen. For acute infections This fact does not matter much, because the dissemination comes faster than the development of a delayed type. However, when infected with minimal doses of the causative agent, which is long delayed in lymph, nodes, a slow-type IF can slow down its further distribution. With hron. Infections with a long existence of the causative agent in separate foci (tuberculosis, brucellosis) of a delayed type can impede the secondary generalization of infection. In addition, when the input of the slow motion type of the anti-liquimphocytic serum is oppressed by the digestive ability of macrophages in relation to the causative agent, that is, the main mechanism of immunity suffers (see).

At the same time, the wedge, manifestations of CHRON, infections are allergic inflammation.

and most severe forms of pulmonary tuberculosis, brucellic lesions c. n. p., joints, liver, hearts, toxoplasmable eye damage, manifestations of tuberculoid leprosy and others develop as a response inflammatory response of a sensitized organism to the presence of the pathogen. The transition from generalized forms of infection to its localization coincides with increasing sensitization. The hyporeactive forms leaking with insufficient sensitization are distinguished by extreme perseverance, poorly treatable. With latent forms, quite clinically compensated, sensitization is sharply expressed.

T. O., SET-type IF is useful as one of the mechanisms of immunity, helping to limit and localize an infection that prevents it from re-generalizations. At the same time, it largely determines the whole wedge, a picture of the hron, infectious diseases. Each particular patient has to be installed, whether it brings the condition of the PC of a slow-size type or harm, is an index of immunity or causes heavy wedge, phenomena, that is, whether it is necessary to strive for desensitization.

In one, it is necessary to evaluate the role of I. a. With local infectious processes. The threat of generalization of staphylococcus, neasery and other microbes from Croh foci, infection is small, consequently, the protective role of the PC of the delayed type is secondary, and its pathogenetic significance is undoubtedly.

Ave., with Ankylosomidosis, the primary penetration of larvae through the skin does not cause a local reaction, the invasion is developing. For repeated infection There is local inflammation and the larvae by Anquitles die. However, it is not known whether the death of larvae is due to allergic inflammation or other immunity mechanisms. At the same time, the most severe manifestations of inflammation around the helminth localized in the tissues, urticaria, swelling of quinque, attacks of bronchial asthma, of course, are harmful to them.

In case of toxoplasmosis, leishmaniosa develops a pronounced PC of a slow type, leading to the appearance of a hron, the inflammatory process around the foci of localization of the pathogen; Positive skin samples with appropriate allergens.

For gelminintosis, an intermediate type of gelminintosis is characterized, but in some of these, a delayed type (schistosomatosis, echinococcosis, trichinosis) can be simultaneously observed. The degree of sensitization severity and the role of allergic reactions in their pathogenesis are different.

In acute opisthorchose, eosinophilia in the blood reaches very high numbers, but common wedge, manifestations of allergies are rare.

Methods for determining infectious allergies

Diagnosis I. a. It is possible with various allergens (see allergens, preparations). Viral allergens are prepared from chicken embryo-containing liquid-containing liquid (mite encephalitis, flu, epidem, parotitis), from the fabric of the affected organs (veins. Lymphogranulham) with maximum cleaning against substrate antigens. Different bacterial allergens are used: suspension of microbial cells (tularin, brucellious corpuscular antigen), filtrates of broth crops (alttoberculin, histoplasmin, actinomycin), thermostable fractions according to Ando-Verzhikovsky, allergens obtained by ultrasound cell destruction, purified protein fractions (tuberculin-PPD), Polisaccharium-polypeptide complexes (pestin), alkaline protein extracts, etc. In all drugs, the main actors are the proteins of the microbial cell.

For detection of the IF, the skin samples are most often used (see). With their help, you can simultaneously detect an immemorified type (after 20-30 minutes) and a delayed type IF (in 24-48 hours). The specificity of the skin samples is relative, since the generality of allergens within the same kind of single generates are pronounced, so the cross-reactions are obtained, for example, with different types of mycobacterium tuberculosis, with different types of brucellulla, etc. there are general allergens and in different Generics of microbes, for example, in mycobacteria tuberculosis and non-pathogenic mycobacteria, in different generics of fungi, in the entire group of enterobacteria. At the same time, skin samples are specific to identify sensitization to this type or genus of microbes or fungi; They are not positive in healthy people and with infectious diseases caused by other pathogens.

The positive result of the skin sample does not exclude any other etiology of lesions, since the skin samples detect only the state of sensitization to the microbe, from which this allergen was obtained. For example, the positive test with the toxoplasmic does not exclude tuberculous, brucellular and other etiology of the lesion. The most convincing development of a focal reaction after the production of the skin sample or after additional administration in doubtful cases of allergen is subcutaneously in a larger dose.

In the diagnosis of allergic diseases, the positive results of the skin samples with allergens are not always quite indicative of the widespread microbes. Healthy sample people with staphylococcus allergens, candidis and other allergens are positive in a significant percentage of cases. In this regard, with ethiol, the diagnosis of allergic diseases is necessary along with skin provocative samples (see). With bronchial asthma, a provocative test is considered positive and confirms the role of a microbe in the development of the disease, if the inhalation of the appropriate allergen causes bronchospasm; With infectious-allergic rhinitis, the application of allergen on the nasal mucosa causes an aggravation; With allergic dermatoses, the formulation of the skin sample leads to increased inflammation in the foci. One of the varieties of provocative samples is intravenous administration of allergens. In the practice of diagnosing and treating infectious diseases, it is used only during brucellosis and reveals sensitized patients more than skin test. In the experiment using intravenous administration of lysed microbial allergens, an intermediate type of an immediate type to microbial allergens (anaphylactic shock) is detected, and with the introduction of corpuscular allergens - the PC of the slow-type.

To identify I. a. In various diseases, the in vitro sample complex was developed: to determine the delayed type PC, the reaction of blustransformation of lymphocytes is used (see), the deceleration reaction of migration, to determine the intched type the passive degradation of the fat cells. For each reaction, it is necessary to choose an allergen, to work out its optimal doses.

The positive result of the skin samples convincingly proves the presence of I. A., but nothing speaks about the activity of the disease. Sharply positive tests are characteristic of completely compensated and latent cases of disease and can be maintained for years after bacteriol, recovery. In addition, sensitization may be the result of a transferred latent form of infection, preventive vaccinations.

Requires caution and assessment of sample results in vitro. They are less reliable than skin and provocative samples, and have a certain diagnostic value only with a comprehensive examination of the patient. The positive reaction of blastotransformation of lymphocytes speaks more about the activity of the infectious process than the degree of I. A.; Neutrophil damage reaction reflects the level of blood serum antibodies.

Treatment

Treatment of manifestations I. a. It is aimed at eliminating the pathogen, since after the elimination of infection while maintaining the state of sensitization of antigens in the body are not formed, allergic reactions do not occur. The antibiotics used for this purpose prevent the development of sensitization only when they are appointed in a very early stage of the disease, by reducing the number of microbes. The antibiotic is not affected by the already developed PC of the delayed type of antibiotics.

The state of the delayed type PC can be held decades after bacteriol, recovery, possibly due to the transition of microbes in the L-forms of IL and due to the period of life of T-lymphocytes reaches 20 years. In the absence of the causative agent in the body, this has no pathogenetic value, and attempts of hyposensibilization can only bring harm.

For some infectious-allergic diseases, when the sufficient effect of antibacterial drugs is not obtained, appropriate preparations are used in order to hyposentinization: tuberculosis tuberculosis, brucellosis, actinomycosis, candidation and others. With a delayed type, intravenous administration of patients with treatment. Vaccines in growing doses leads only to a short-term moderate decrease in the IF - after 1-2 months. The previous level of the PC slow motion is restored or even becomes higher. A similar phenomenon is observed in infectious allergic diseases caused by the sensitization of microbes located in the chron foci, infection - the effectiveness of hyposensibilization in infectious-allergic bronchial asthma is significantly lower than with its atopic forms.

Due to the fact that the administration of allergen causes focal, and sometimes severe common reactions, hyposensibilization is contraindicated under the lesions of C. n. s., Eye, when diffuse changes in the liver, kidneys, with violations of cardiac activity, pregnancy. To suppress excessively strong inflammatory reactions, sometimes threatening life, the most effective corticosteroid hormones, used in sufficiently large doses, possibly a shorter course and necessarily the IOD protection of antibiotics, since corticosteroids simultaneously suppress immunity.

Antihistamine drugs can only have a certain effect with an immediate type, for example, with gelminithosam, the urbvinice of microbial etiology. They reduce the wedge, manifestation of an immediate type allergy, but do not eliminate the cause, and after the cessation of their reception of symptoms, as a rule, renews.

Prevention of infectious allergy by eliminating contact with the resulting development agent is possible only in rare cases (detergents with microbial enzymes, microbial origin antibiotics). Prevention of development I. A. In case of infections, it is reduced to their prevention. In a patient with a developed infection, the prevention of sensitization does not make sense, since the PC of the delayed type should be considered as one of the mechanisms of immunity. In patients with a tendency to allergic diseases to prevent their development, careful and intensive treatment of acute respiratory diseases, hron foci, infection is needed.

Some features of infectious allergies in the action of bacterial toxins. The beginning of the study I. a. Bacterial toxins were studies I. L. Krichevsky and N. V. Galanova (1934), which found that the cells of the smooth muscle muscles of the guinea pigs infected by V. ABORTUS are more actively reacting to the endotoxin of this microorganism than the same intact animal cells .

In the future, Soviet scientists studied the reaction of various organism cells on endo and exotoxin bacteria - bacterial agents, tuberculosis, supa, diphtheria, tetanus, botulism, anaerobic infection and various viruses.

bME.ORG

Bacterial allergyThe increased sensitivity to bacterial allergens is usually developing in the presence of chronic infections in the body of chronic infections, which can be localized in almonds, carious teeth, caustic clients of the nose, in the bronchopile apparatus, intestine, biliary system. Bacterial allergy It is formed for a long time, for several years, so it is extremely rare to three years of age. Infectious-allergic diseases are formed under the infection of bacterial allergens: infectious allergic bronchial asthma, rhinitis, infectious-allergic urticaria. In the specific diagnosis of bacterial allergies, standard bacterial allergens are used, manufactured by Kazan NIIEM: hemolytic streptococcus, hemolytic Staphylococcus, Act Mirabilis and Vulgaris, Sinegna Wand, Enterococcus, Intestinal Wand, Pneumococcus Group, Neisseria.
The first stage of diagnosis of bacterial allergies is allergic. The seasonality of exacerbation (in the raw cold season) is considered characteristic of the alamous signs of bacterial allergies, the connection of the exacerbation of the disease with the supercooling due to the exacerbation of foci of chronic infection. The aggravation of the infectious-allergic disease is often accompanied by febrile or subfebrile temperature, the appearance of symptoms of intoxication, and in the treatment is effective antibiotic therapy. For infectious-allergic diseases, acute inflammatory processes in children with atopic diseases are often taken, especially for patients with atopic bronchial asthma. As a result, an anamnestic hyperdiagnosis of infectious-allergic diseases is often held. From table 2.15 it can be seen that bacterial positive Anamnesis (BKA) correlates with a complex of other tests in 67.16% of patients, of which 45.10% are provocative. In 1/3 of cases, with a positive history, all other tests turned out to be negative, that is, bacterial sensitization was not detected. Thus, more than half of the patients suspected a history of bacterial etiology of the disease are not confirmed by an integrated allergological examination. With a negative data of the anamnesis, 13.00% of children detects bacterial allergies, mainly subclinic. It follows from this that the history of bacterial allergies is not always credible.
Skin testing with bacterial allergens is not specific. From table 2.15 it can be seen that only in 38.33% of cases positive The result of intradermal samples (WCP) correlates with a complex of other tests and 9.45% - with a provocative, and 61.67% all other tests turned out to be negative, i.e. bacterial sensitization was not detected. This indicates the insufficient specificity of the positive result of the skin samples with bacterial allergens. At the same time, their negative result is highly reliable, at which a subclinical bacterial allergy is revealed only at 0.07%.
Other authors indicate the nonspecificness of skin samples with bacterial allergens. Thus, in the observations of T. S. Sokolova, V. A. Fradkin (1978), 50% of healthy children received positive WCPs with bacterial allergens. This indicates the need to (to clarify the role of allergen in the disease) of use in the diagnosis of bacterial allergies, other than the anamnesis and skin samples, other tests - provocative and laboratory. Among the latest highly informative is RLL, positive The result of which coincides with the complex of other tests in 84.76%, but only in 13.36%-with provocative, that is, it rarely identifies the manifest, but mainly subclinical allergies, and in part (15.24%) is false positive. Her negative result is reliable. At the same time coincidence positive reactions PPN with other tests is observed only in 56.52, and with provocative-in 2.17% of cases. 43.48% with positive (mainly to 0.15) the result of PPN bacterial allergy not installed. However, the negative FPN result is highly reliable. It should be noted that the intensity of the WCP and laboratory tests does not reflect the degree of hypersensitivity of the patient to the allergen (Fig. 2.9). Even sharply and very sharply positive. their results reflect and manifest, and subclinical allergies, and false positive result. In other words, skin and laboratory tests do not allow differentiate manifest and subclinical forms of bacterial allergies requiring a different therapeutic approach.

survinCity.ru.

About bacterial allergies

Bacterial allergies is A certain type of allergy, in which the allergic reaction develops on bacteria in the body is usually in the form of chronic foci of infection. Such chronic foci is most often localized in almonds, carious teeth, the apparent sinuses of the nose, in the bronchopulmonary tree, as well as in the intestine and kidneys. At the same time, bacterial allergies are formed long enough, sometimes the bill is on year, so it is most often found in adults or older children.

Bacterial allergies isThat under the influence of bacterial agents and antigens in the human body, infectious-allergic diseases are formed, for example, such as:

• Bronchial asthma;
• Allergic rhinitis, conjunctivitis;
• Infectious allergic urticaria.

The above-mentioned diseases are severely transferred to patients, require a long and high-quality treatment. However, the earlier the patient detects the symptoms of allergies and seek qualified medical care, the faster there will be a specific treatment appointed by doctors, and such a patient will be able to forever forget about bacterial allergies.

Symptoms of bacterial allergies

Symptoms of bacterial allergies depend From the type of bacteria that contribute to the development of an allergic reaction, as well as on the state of the human immune system. So, the following symptoms of bacterial allergies are distinguished:

1. Respiratory symptoms:
   • Cough and difficulty breathing due to the feeling of coma in the throat;
   • Parry sneezing;
   • Itching in the nose and throat;
   • Transparent, mucous discharge from the nose;
   • Nasal congestion;
   • Infringement of sense of smell;
2. Symptoms of the lesion of the organ of vision:
   • Redness of the mucous eye;
   • Tear;
   • Itching eyes;
3. In some cases, skin symptoms are joined:
   • Rashes and redness on the skin, which are also accompanied by itching;
4. Symptoms indicating violations of organs gastrointestinal tract:
   • Pain in the stomach;
   • Vomiting;
   • Diarrhea.

In the most difficult cases, symptoms of anaphylactic shock or swelling, the relief of which is possible only with the help of qualified medical workersEmergency medical care.

Causes of bacterial allergies

The causes of bacterial allergies are reduced The fact that there are chronic foci of infection in the body associated with non-coined cold bacterial diseases (for example, pneumonia, sinusitis, etc.). And under certain conditions, for example, hypothermia and decrease in immunity, these foci are activated, which launches the course of the bacterial allergic reaction. Therefore, so that in the root to prevent the development of bacterial allergies, it is always necessary to completely eliminate the disease and do not start it to a chronic form.

Bacterial allergy in children

Bacterial allergies in children are usually detected Not earlier than 3 years old age, because It develops against the background of the infection in the body of chronic foci. Symptoms in children are the same as in adults, but sometimes it is brighter and pronounced, which is associated with the immaturity of the children's immune system. Bacterial allergies in children need a qualified and specialized treatment, which is essential not only to the removal of allergy symptoms, but also to the elimination and rehabilitation of chronic foci of infection.

Treatment of bacterial allergies in children Doctors our clinic "LOR-ASTMA" are engaged, offering only safe, reliable and most effective techniques. Remember, the sooner you consult your doctor, the earlier it will identify the type of allergies and determine the specific type of allergen, the sooner you can start the treatment of your baby, and the faster it gets rid of the heavy and unpleasant symptoms of bacterial allergies.

Treat your child, applying only qualitative and productive methods of treatment! Namely, such treatment methods of bacterial allergies offer doctors Clinics "LOR-ASTMA!

Treatment of bacterial allergies

Treatment of bacterial allergies in our clinic LOR-ASTMA is always at the highest level! We are conducting treatment and adults, and children, eliminating them from bacterial allergies, while always selecting treatment schemes individually.

Treatment of bacterial allergies launched With high-quality diagnostics. It is from this that our doctors begin. The first stage is the collection of allergianamnesis, which finds out the attending physician at the patient himself or the child's parents. Then, by literally several diagnostic procedures and based on the patient's history data, the doctor establishes the type of allergies, and also determines the degree of its development.

After determining the type of allergen and determining the patient's immunity, allergy begins. As the treatment of bacterial allergies Our specialists offer only proven, efficient and high-quality methods, for example, such as:

1. Phytoapitherapy;
2. Apitherapy;
3. Lipidotherapy;
4. UPS therapy;
5. Capillarotherapy.

The purpose of the treatment of bacterial allergies - This is not only eliminating symptoms, but also to strengthen the immune system as a whole, as well as eliminate chronic foci of a bacterial infection, which further allows you to prevent the development of allergy recurrences!

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Questions of users on our website about bacterial allergies

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Word "microbe" Traditionally associated with the idea of \u200b\u200bsomething pathogen. But allergenic properties have primarily almost or completely harmless to humans, its natural cohabitants - for example, some staphylococci living on the skin, and an intestinal wand.

In addition to single-cell organisms of bacterial, plant or animal nature, viruses are also viruses, primarily respirators O-grazing, influenza viruses and paragrippa. Here, the nature of the virus itself is not coming: the nature of the virus itself is that it is by definition of being sacred for any living being, in whose DNA it has grown.

As one of the most popular theories in modern allergology says, an allergy is initially formed to viruses, and then it is as if on a laughed path - an increased sensitivity to microbes is produced. This usually happens in childhood.

The question is extremely interesting for theorists and the question of practitioners - that allergens of microbes and viruses are allergens. In principle, the situation is more or less clear; The virus is, roughly speaking, the bare genetic apparatus (DNA or RNA in the complex with proteins), and its allergens - or direct products of its genes, or some of the proteins forming said complex. Well, and the microbe is a unicellular creature, which has a lot of diverse proteins, is full, so there is from what to choose. But the problem is in the other. Any infectious agent has antigens against which the human immune system produces antibodies is clear. And now it turns out that some infectious agents also have allergens. Are these the same proteins or others? Say, antigen of influenza virus and allergen is the same - the same protein or different?

It seems to be logical to assume that different, since in response to their presence, different antibodies are usually produced: the allergens are mainly IgE, on antigens - all the others (this scheme is understandable, extremely requested). But see how microbial or viral allergy develops.

At first, the sick child is also sick orz or flu, or even angins or bronchitis. As if everything goes according to the schedule: a strong heat, cough, a runny nose, etc. - p. - Intensive therapy is carried out by antibiotics - the fever passes, runny nose and cough, too, comes reconnaissance (this bush, the physician is called the recovery phase). However, later, the typically flowing bronchitis suddenly is complicated by a pronounced shortness of breath, a long-term obsessive cough in continuation of long months ... The patient would seek and never ceases to hurt. And gradually shortness of breath, cough, whistling breathing and wheezing in the lungs become satellites of his life. There are no signs of infection, but there are listed symptoms. This means that a microbial or viral allergy has developed in the form of asthmatic bronchitis.

It turns out that the disease (or treatment from it?) Easily flows into allergies on its pathogen! Perhaps, after all, its antigens and allergens are the same substances. And what is important, in such cases, continue to pump up the child with antibiotics is completely useless and even harmful: Allergic to the medicine can also develop along the way! It is proved that with a combination of action on the organism of the antibiotic and microbes (or virus), the exacerbated sensitivity to them both is formed faster than separately.

As for an allergy on an intestinal wand and other invisible and innumerable symbiontes (cohabitants) of a person - no antigens in these creatures in theory should not be, and therefore, painful sensitivity to them is a classic version of "Immunity errors".

As a rule, allergic reactions to microbes and viruses proceed along slow motion. Immediately - for example, on Pneumococcus, Streptococcus, Nassenia, the same intestinal wand - are rarely observed.

What can you advise the public to avoid microbial and viral allergies? Is it only one thing: smaller up, stop as steel, do not break down with a fitting procedures, do not be lazy to carry charging in the morning, and if the flu picked up, ORZ or other infection - favor to heal before full recovery. There is evidence that the development of allergic diseases caused by microbes and viruses, foci of chronic infection in almonds, appointments of the uterus, a bustling bubble, intestines, in words, in any organs are promoted. What is there gall-bubble - a leaky tooth, in time not polled, can cause bronchial asthma! After all, caries is also caused by microbes. And during the epidemics of the flu, regularly shaking our capital and other Russian cities, you need to striculize all the rules of hygiene and individual sewn.

In addition, please me in mind that proteases and proteinases (enzymes, whose proteins) have been possible to distinguish between some bacteria (enzymes, whispered proteins) are widely used in the manufacture of washing powders. Not always bacterial allergen - Protea or proteinase, but still patients with increased sensitivity to bacteria It is recommended to carefully handle the wasy powders: inhalation of their air suspension can cause an attack of bronchial asthma, and laundry with unprotected hands and even wearing clothing with such powder, unsafe for skin .

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Allergic reactions and diseases are in the first place among pathologies, whose prevalence every year everything increases.

Those who once encountered allergies are aware that the most frequent allergens are pollen of plants, food, chemicals.

But not many know that there is another type of allergic reaction - infectious allergies, with this pathology, the immune system of a specific reaction responds to a number of microorganisms that cause certain diseases.

Infectious pathogens leading to allergies

Under the term infectious allergy is understood as the increased sensitivity of the human body to pathogenic causative agents of infectious diseases and invasive processes.

Pathology can develop and as a response to the products of the vital activity of pathogenic microorganisms.

Allergy in infectious disease occurs if the body simultaneously experiences the effect of three factors provoking pathology, this is:

• Long course of the disease;
• Localization of infection inside cells;
• The presence of a focus of chronic inflammation.

It has been established that the infectious type of allergies can be caused:

Infectious allergies often develop not only under the action of the specified causative agents of the disease. The culprit of the disease can also become fragments of infected cells, the collapsing residues of infectious agents and products formed during their livelihoods.

The hypersensitivity of the body may appear with almost any infection. But the most likely the emergence of infectious allergies, if the disease has a chronic flow.

The likelihood of pathology increases repeatedly, if a person has caries, tonsillitis, sinusitis, pyelonephritis, that is, chronic foci of inflammation.

Diseases under which the occurrence of infectious allergies

More often an infectious type allergy is installed in patients with:

Infectious allergies in rare cases can develop and after sample used to detect the focus of infection.

With tuberculosis, the impetus to the disease can give a test manta, with a brucellosis of the BURNER test, the test of the tvumekalov during dysentery, a trial with a gononaccision to detect gonorrhea and a number of others.

In children, bacterial and viral allergies are often provoked by influenza, streptococcus, staphylococcus, intestinal wand.

The probability of occurrence of pathology in children is increased with a long-term course of respiratory diseases, with an increased sensitivity of the body to the products resulting from the life of microorganisms.

Symptoms in children and adults

The clinical picture of infectious allergies is practically no different from the symptoms of other allergic diseases.

When it is developed, it is noted:

• Redness of individual areas of leather, rash formation;
• Itching body;
• The runny nose manifested by the embezzlement of nasal moves, sneezing, abundant separated;
• Tear eye, redness of the scool and conjunctiva;
• Disorders in the work of the gastrointestinal bodies - nausea, pain in epigastria, colic, diarrhea;
• Labored breathing;
• Increased lymph nodes.

In severe cases, infectious allergies can cause.

In the event that the reason for allergies is the formulation of the sample, general symptoms Local - swelling and redness of the injection site, itching.

In children, allergies arising from respiratory infections proceeds from:

• Long cough;
• Runny nose;
• Elevated temperature;
• Wheezing and whistling breath;
• Saddy.

Very often, infectious allergies after colds becomes the cause of bronchial asthma, which basically concerns small patients.

The infectious type of allergies should be diagnosed in a timely manner and treated.

If the disease is launched, it can cause serious complications such as:

• Nodular periaryitis;
• Tropical eosinophilia;
• Leffer syndrome;
• Infectious-allergic arthritis.

In complications, the general symptoms of allergy join changes in well-being indicating defeats separate organs and systems.

So in arthrites there is pain in the joints, the movements are limited in them, local inflammation and temperature appears.

Diagnosis of infectious allergies

According to complaints of the patient, the doctor first can assume the development of an allergic reaction.

During a comprehensive examination, it is necessary to establish a specific type of allergen and eliminate the pathology similar to manifestations.

Diagnosis starts from the collection of anamnesis.

First of all, it is necessary to find out what diseases patients were sick, whether he had previously cases of allergies and is there any heredity, that is, the blood relatives are sick, bronchial asthma, etc.

When examining children, it is necessary to establish how often they carry respiratory infections, whether they have chronic foci of inflammation - pyelonephritis, caries.

From laboratory diagnostics use:

• Determination of the number of immune cells in the blood.
• Conduct. Use the minimum amount of the allergenic virus allergen or bacteria, this volume cannot be brought to the development of the disease.

If there is a suspicion that the human body reacts to a specific bacterium, then an intradermal or cable test is carried out, for example, manta.

Such diagnostics is possible to identify allergies on the pathogens of Tularemia, brucellosis, toxoplasmosis.

If the sensitivity of the body is increased, then a hypergic reaction will appear when carrying out samples on the site of the allergen administration, it is redness, papule.

In the future, necrotic changes appear in the introduction zone.

If necessary, an allergist appoints other types of surveys, allowing to detect violations in the functioning of internal organs.

The diagnosis is set only after the evaluation of these analyzes and research.

Treatment

First of all, the treatment of infectious allergies should be sentient to the destruction of pathogens-provocateurs of pathology.

If it is established that such complications gave a viral infection, then antiviral drugs are prescribed.

When detecting bacteria-allergens need antibacterial therapy. Medicines are selected and based on the type of infection.

Eliminate the acute flow of infectious allergies can, for example,. But it is necessary to remember that the allergies will exacerbate every time if complete pathology therapy is not carried out.

Prevention of infectious allergies

Prevent the development of infectious allergies in children and adults in most cases, it is possible if:

• Contact a doctor for the appointment of treatment at the most initial stages of the development of the infectious disease;
• Improve the work of immunity;
• Eat healthy food active image life;
• In time to treat caries, sinusitis and other chronic foci of inflammation;
• Apply prophylactic measures during periods of increasing the likelihood of infection with infectious pathogens of diseases.

Infectious allergy, developing on the background of the main disease, significantly weights the flow of primary pathology.

Timing the doctor in a timely manner, you can prevent the occurrence of not necessary and poorly denomable disease therapy.

About bacterial allergies

Bacterial allergies is A certain type of allergy, in which the allergic reaction develops on bacteria in the body is usually in the form of chronic foci of infection. Such chronic foci is most often localized in almonds, carious teeth, the apparent sinuses of the nose, in the bronchopulmonary tree, as well as in the intestine and kidneys. At the same time, bacterial allergies are formed long enough, sometimes the bill is on year, so it is most often found in adults or older children.

Video - diagnosis and treatment of allergies, 12:17 min

Bacterial allergies isThat under the influence of bacterial agents and antigens in the human body, infectious-allergic diseases are formed, for example, such as:

• Allergic rhinitis, conjunctivitis;
• Infectious allergic urticaria.

The above-mentioned diseases are severely transferred to patients, require long and high-quality treatment. However, the earlier the patient detects the symptoms of allergies and seek qualified medical care, the faster there will be a specific treatment appointed by doctors, and such a patient will be able to forever forget about bacterial allergies.

Symptoms of bacterial allergies

Symptoms of bacterial allergies depend From the type of bacteria that contribute to the development of an allergic reaction, as well as on the state of the human immune system. So, the following symptoms of bacterial allergies are distinguished:

Bacterial allergies can cause
bronchial asthma

1. Respiratory symptoms:
   • Cough and difficulty breathing due to the feeling of coma in the throat;
   • Parry sneezing;
   • Itching in the nose and throat;
   • Transparent, mucous discharge from the nose;
   • Infringement of sense of smell;
2. Symptoms of the lesion of the organ of vision:
   • Redness of the mucous eye;
   • Tear;
3. In some cases, skin symptoms are joined:
   • Rashes and redness on the skin, which are also accompanied by itching;
4. Symptoms indicating violation of the work of the gastrointestinal tract:
   • Pain in the stomach;
   • Vomiting;
   • Diarrhea.

In the most difficult cases, symptoms of anaphylactic shock or feeding of quinque are developing, the relief of which is possible only with the help of qualified medical professionals that provide emergency medical care.

Causes of bacterial allergies

The causes of bacterial allergies are reduced The fact that there are chronic foci of infection in the body associated with non-coined cold bacterial diseases (for example, pneumonia, sinusitis, etc.). And under certain conditions, for example, hypothermia and decrease in immunity, these foci are activated, which launches the course of the bacterial allergic reaction. Therefore, so that in the root to prevent the development of bacterial allergies, it is always necessary to completely eliminate the disease and do not start it to a chronic form.

Bacterial allergy in children

Bacterial allergies in children are usually detected Not earlier than 3 years old age, because It develops against the background of the infection in the body of chronic foci. Symptoms in children are the same as in adults, but sometimes it is brighter and pronounced, which is associated with the immaturity of the children's immune system. Bacterial allergies in children need a qualified and specialized treatment, which is essential not only to the removal of allergy symptoms, but also to the elimination and rehabilitation of chronic foci of infection.

Treatment of bacterial allergies in children Doctors our clinic "LOR-ASTMA" are engaged, offering only safe, reliable and most effective techniques. Remember, the sooner you consult your doctor, the earlier it will identify the type of allergies and determine the specific type of allergen, the sooner you can start the treatment of your baby, and the faster it gets rid of the heavy and unpleasant symptoms of bacterial allergies.

Treat your child, applying only qualitative and productive methods of treatment! Namely, such treatment methods of bacterial allergies offer doctors Clinics "LOR-ASTMA!

Treatment of bacterial allergies

Treatment of bacterial allergies in our clinic LOR-ASTMA is always at the highest level! We are conducting treatment and adults, and children, eliminating them from bacterial allergies, while always selecting treatment schemes individually.

Treatment of bacterial allergies launched With high-quality diagnostics. It is from this that our doctors begin. The first stage is the collection of allergianamnesis, which finds out the attending physician at the patient himself or the child's parents. Then, by literally several diagnostic procedures and based on the patient's history data, the doctor establishes the type of allergies, and also determines the degree of its development.

After determining the type of allergen and determining the patient's immunity, allergy begins. As the treatment of bacterial allergies Our specialists offer only proven, efficient and high-quality methods, for example, such as:

1. Apitherapy;
2. Capillarotherapy.

The purpose of the treatment of bacterial allergies - This is not only eliminating symptoms, but also to strengthen the immune system as a whole, as well as eliminate chronic foci of a bacterial infection, which further allows you to prevent the development of allergy recurrences!

Cost of treatment

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Questions of users on our website about bacterial allergies

My daughter is 13 years old. Diagnosis is a vasomotor rhinitis. Constricated exacerbations of which lead to acute rhinosinusitis, it lays out. mucus first white, then connected

bacterial infection (it has golden stafilococcus), a few days later, according to the results of ultrasound-liquid in the sneakers. And all this without increasing T, without pain. Laura treat antibiotics. And every month the same thing. Such a pathological reaction of the mucous membrane comes to the cold, the wind, as a result, the child cannot go outside during the cold season. Surgical intervention in the opinion of Lorov is not shown to it, because the nose in principle breathes, but it is bad even in the period of exacerbations.

Alexander Purysev,
Your situation is understandable to me. She is not simple. But I am ready to explain everything and, most importantly, I can help! But you have to come to me at the reception, because I do not have enough fingers to describe it all in the letter. Contact. I will help!

Thanks for the answer, but these are common phrases, and specifically: how to watch it all if the child goes to the garden, for example, like

in this case? Hardening, food and supercooling are controlled for mothers, but continuous contact with viruses and bacteria in public places and in kindergarten, for example, no longer amenable to monitoring and children inclusive to excessive growth of adenoid tissue sick are still often often and so It is hard until it will not "turn out" this problem to adolescent age, or until they delete them to a surgical way. But about allergyization is important momentFor me, I still try to understand this, as there is some allergenicphone and, perhaps, it provokes excessive growth and the reaction of lymphoid tissue. But how is it accuracy to determine? And here's how to consider not to expose the child allergycing? Tell me please, what do you invest in this concept?

Alexander Purysev,
doctor medical Sciences, chief doctor of the clinic: ... If you need specific answers, bring the doctor a specific patient to whom analyzes will be assigned, possibly x-ray, other types of surveys for the following indicators: 1. Complaints - symptoms, signs of illness; 2. Anamnesis - History of His Development chronic disease; 3. The presence of concomitant diseases; 4. Allergic - products, animals, dust, mold, etc., which, in your opinion, could cause allergies; 5. Objective examination of the patient for the identification of the local disease of the disease; And at the end, 5. Preliminary diagnosis is a conclusion. As a result, an individual survey plan is selected not from the ceiling, but on a specific patient, and then there will be no reason for " common phrases", And there will be concrete conclusions, the final diagnosis, the forecast, recommendations, and a specific treatment plan! Good luck, Edorus!

vibrocil, Akavoror, Polydxes in the nose (ran out, washed, ran out), Zirtek for the night, and antibiotic - Zinnat. On it we have a bad reaction, all side effects (rash, redness, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting). Bifidumbacterin took. I have a question - how can I replace Zinnat? The UAC passed, eosinophils (8%) increased, and some monocytes, all other indicators are normal. Soe 4. Now I have a big doubt - whether we need to take antibiotics at all?

Alexander Purysev,
doctor of Medical Sciences, Chief Doctor of Clinic: Zinnat - antibiotic cephalosporins Oh group. Children, in addition to this group, you can still have macrolides and penicillins. All. Choose from any group. So all doctors work. Unfortunately, it is not correct, to prescribe an antibiotic (a / b) at random, "finger in the sky." I have another tactic. Initially, the child gives tests, and immediately, while we wait for the tests, we begin to treat the locally without a / b. We remove the edema, inflammation, eliminate the infection (this is possible only in our clinic, such a competently constructed treatment regimen allows you to often cure a patient even without a / b). By the time, the tests of the child comes are healthy, and if it did not turn to the end, then we already know what kind of a / b it is needed according to the results of the tests. Here professional approach!

Good day! My children (2g and 9 months) found staphylococcus in the nose. Can you please tell me how the staf provoke frequent snot?

And in general it is treated? We conducted a course of treatment with turtle bacteriophage, with re-analysis, they still identified. And what complications can strike staphylococcus?

Alexander Purysev,
doctor of Medical Sciences, Chief Doctor of Clinic: Staphylococcus easily causes adenoids, and sinusitis, and bronchitis. But it does not need to despair. - He is perfectly treated. In our clinic, we are conducting treatment even without antibiotics - sanitize. We hand over the tests before treatment and confirm the analysis after treatment.

The daughter has periodically nasal congestion. Appealed to the ENT doctor. They diagnosed adenoids of 2 degrees, catarrhal sinusitis on the left (made x-rays). We appointed

vibrocil, Akavoror, Polydxes in the nose (ran out, washed, ran out), Zirtek for the night, and antibiotic - Zinnat. We have a bad reaction, all side effects (rash, redness, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting). Bifidumbacterin took. I have a question - how can I replace Zinnat? Consultation opportunities with a doctor no, on the reception only in a week.

Alexander Purysev,
doctor of Medical Sciences, Chief Doctor of Clinic: In order to solve the issues of destination of the antibiotic, correctly: to assign blood tests, perform strokes from the zea and nose, determine the flora, and already on this - to assign an antibiotic, and not "poke your finger to the sky"

Allergy is a pathological reaction of a human immune system for certain substances. It may arise due to the contact of the body with pollen, wool, aggressive chemical compounds, some kinds of medical preparations, etc. There is also infectious allergies. In this case, pathogens of various diseases act as allergens.

Views

Depending on the allergen, it happens different types:

• viral allergy;
• bacterial allergies;
• fungal allergy.

All of them are caused by the presence in the body of infection.

Causes of viral allergies

Such an immune response may appear both in children and in adults. It can be caused by serious diseases. Such as:

tuberculosis;

• brucellosis;

  anthrax;

  micoses of the skin and other organs;

  tularemia;

  dysentery;

Viral and bacterial allergies in children and adults occur under such conditions:

intracellular arrangement of infection;

long during the listed diseases;

the presence of a focus of chronic infection in the body.

Such an allergy may occur not only by itself, but also due to the sample in the presence of infection in the body. With tuberculosis, it is a manta test, with chronic dysentery - TsUverkalov's sample, with brucellosis - BURNING TRAW, with gonorly - a trial with a gonanovakcin, siberian Yazve - Sample with anxissine, with tularemia - a trial with tularemin.

Children may also have allergies due to the presence of a less serious infection in the body. It is often manifested after a long course of colds. In this case, ORZ turns into infectious allergies in the form of asthmatic bronchitis.
So, it can be concluded that viral and bacterial allergies in children can be caused by such an infection:

• pneumococcus;

  staphylococcus;

  streptococcus;

  intestinal wand.

Infectious allergies in children develop for such reasons:

severe diseases listed above;

a long course of sharp respiratory diseases;

increased sensitivity of the body to productivity products of microorganisms causing any diseases (including influenza, etc.);

Also allergic to vital products of viruses, bacteria and fungi may occur in adults and children due to a prolonged chronic inflammatory process. It may be chronic cystitis, pyelonephritis and even caries.

Symptoms of allergy to infection

This type of immune response in adults and children is accompanied by such signs:

redness or rash on the skin;

allergic runny nose;

redness and tear eye;

disorders of the organs of the gastrointestinal tract (pain in the stomach, diarrhea);

difficulty breathing;

an increase in lymph nodes;

in particularly severe cases - anaphylactic shock.

If the allergies arose after conducting Mantu or other samples for the presence in the body of infection, then local symptoms are added to the signs listed above:

pain and swelling in the injection site;

strong itching;

swelling and redness at the site of the sample to infection.

After a long flow of sharp respiratory diseases, children accompany such symptoms:

• increased temperature;

• wheezes in the lungs;

  sweet breathing.

Symptoms: rash and redness

Such symptoms may also be present in adults if they strongly launched bronchitis or other respiratory diseases.
If children or adults have symptoms of acute infectious allergies, you should not try to treat yourself, since the likelihood of anaphylactic shock is high, which in most cases leads to full outcome. Therefore, in the event of signs of immune response to the products of vital activity of viruses, bacteria or fungus, you need to immediately contact your allergist. It will appoint proper treatment that will help get rid of the symptoms and prevent the disease re-appearance.
Allergic after a long flow of sharp respiratory diseases can also cause complications if you cannot immediately consult a doctor. It can be chronic diseases organs respiratory system, as well as the appearance of immune reactions to other allergens, previously perceived by the body normally (for example, to pollen, dust, wool, etc.). In this case, children will develop an attack of asthma in contact with these allergens.

Allergy treatment caused by viruses

First of all, the treatment of such an immune response provides to get rid of an infection that caused it.
Treatment of respiratory diseases is carried out with the help of antiviral drugs. It can be:

Zanamivir;

Remantadine.

Also used preparations containing interferon (immune protein of a person who helps to fight infection). These are the following medicines:

• Infpopheron and others.

Viferon

Preparations can also be used that do not contain finished proteins, and stimulate the production of its own interferon. Such medicines are considered the most effective in combating sharp respiratory diseases. After them are preparations with the content of finished interferon. However, they have less efficiency, since sooner or later the body begins to block the alien protein, producing antibodies to it. The following medicines are aimed at stimulating its own interferon:

Cycloferon;

Preparations are also used to remove the main symptoms of sharp respiratory diseases. It can be drops into the nose, sprays for eliminating redness and disposal in the throat, cough syrups, etc.

Treatment of bacterial allergies

The immune response that occurred after a long flow of diseases caused by bacteria is treated primarily by the elimination of the main ailments.
Antibiotics are applied for this. There are two types of these drugs: bactericidal and bacteriostatic. The first kill microorganisms, and the second - only suppress their growth and reproduction.
TO bactericidal antibiotics relate:

As nitrion;

Lrakarbef;

Amoxicillin;

Ampicillin;

Nafzillin;

cefalosporinic row antibiotics (ceftriaxone, cefadroxyl, ceftazidim, zefisim, cefazolin, etc.).

Bacteriostatic antibiotics include the following drugs:

Tetracycline;

Minocycline;

Doxycycline;

Dalfopoid;

Clarithromycin;

Erythromycin;

Azithromycin;

Diritromycin.

Erythromycin

When launched and chronic infections, bactericidal preparations are most often used, since bacteriostatic in such cases only for a while stopping the disease, and after the cessation of their use of microorganisms again begin to multiply, as a result of which the recurrence of the underlying disease and an allergic reaction with it is possible.

Treatment of infectious allergies caused by fungus

It is primarily aimed at eliminating the main infection. Allergy's symptoms are also eliminated, for which they are used. antihistamines. After complete curing of the main disease, the symptoms of the immune response are no longer returned, but if the micaosis is still not to derive, allergies are recurrence.