What are bacterial allergens used for? Bacterial allergens How the disease manifests itself

The date: 19.07.2019

An allergen is an antigen that causes in people who are sensitive to them. Allergy - reaction immune system the human body, manifested by the action of an allergen.

Allergens can be any substance. The main symptoms of allergies are redness and pain in the eyes, swelling, sneezing and runny nose, cough, rash on skin(eczema, contact dermatitis), shortness of breath, asthma attacks, ear pain, hearing loss, headaches. The disease can be inherited.

As a rule, a chronic allergic reaction manifests itself in a specific place (organ). With atopic dermatitis, the skin suffers, with bronchial asthma - the mucous membrane of the bronchi, with food allergies- intestinal mucosa.

Classification of allergens depending on how they enter the human body

There are three main groups of allergens:

exogenous;
endogenous;
autoantigens.

Exogenous allergens enter the human body from environment(inhalation, swallowing or injection).

Endogenous allergens, in turn, are formed by the cells of the body during natural metabolism or during viral or bacterial infections. Endoallergens can be formed during severe burns (the human body begins to perceive damaged skin as foreign tissue).

Self antigens are normal proteins (protein complexes) to which the immune system responds (occurs in people with autoimmune diseases).

The following types of allergens are distinguished by the way they enter the human body:

air (dust, pollen);
food;
contact (chemicals);
injection ( medications);
infectious (bacteria, viruses).

Classification of allergens depending on the origin

According to their origin, allergens are:

household (dust, chalk, oil refining products);
epidermal allergens (wool, feather, dandruff, fluff, excrement, saliva of domestic animals);
insect (cockroaches, insects, spiders);
pollen (pollen of plants and trees);
food (allergy is possible to any food product, often seafood, egg white, strawberries, citrus fruits, chocolate, nuts, legumes, honey);
medicinal (allergy is possible to any drug, including antiallergic drugs; the main drugs to which an allergic reaction is possible: penicillin, sulfanilamide, salicylate, local anesthetics);
fungal (mold and yeast fungi);
helminthic (causative agents are worms);
thermal (wind, frost, etc.);
moral and biological (experience, fear, nervous breakdown, etc.).

An allergic reaction is possible to cleaning and cosmetic products: washing powder, rinses, dishwashing detergents, etc. Allergies can also develop from certain types of microbes. The source of their appearance may be an incompletely cured infection, nail fungus, sinusitis, tooth decay.

The main and most common allergens

The main allergens are:

Pollen from plants and trees more often than others cause seasonal allergies. You can reduce exposure to the allergen by staying indoors with the windows closed in windy weather, as well as by using air conditioning.
Animals - in this case, it is recommended not to use carpets, to clean the room more often.
Dust mites live in house dust. It is recommended to use hypoallergenic pillows and mattresses, wash bedding more often and only in hot water, do not use carpets and curtains.
Insect bites provoke swelling and redness at the site of the bite, nausea, weakness, and fever.
Mold - the reaction appears when inhaled or touched. Mold can be found in the bathroom, in the grass. A measure of prevention can be considered ventilation of wet rooms.
Food products - allergy symptoms: respiratory failure, skin rashes, including the mouth area, vomiting.
Latex.
Medicines.
Flavoring agents.

Thus, the most common allergens are house dust, animal hair, food products, pollen of plants and trees, bacterial allergens, viruses, microscopic fungi.

What is true and bacterial allergy?

A true allergy is an overreaction of the body to a common substance. Moreover, the reaction appears regardless of the amount of allergen that has entered the body. Scientists identify the following true allergens: eggs, milk, peanuts, hazelnuts, soybeans, seafood (crayfish), fish, wheat.

A true allergy differs from a food allergy in that in the first case, a person cannot under any circumstances consume a certain product (with a food allergy, the reaction develops with a large dose of the product eaten). With a true allergy, the reaction appears at the minimum dose of the product.

Bacterial allergy is manifested in the increased sensitivity of the human body to bacterial allergens. The reason for this is a chronic infection. Bacterial allergies are formed for a long time.

Allergens of bacteria contribute to the development of such diseases as rhinitis, infectious-allergic bronchial asthma, infectious-allergic urticaria.

Critical situations and allergy treatment

Anaphylaxis is a systematic allergic reaction. The consequences of such reactions can be skin rashes, bronchospasm, edema, hypotension, coma or death. - the most dangerous form manifestations of an allergic reaction. A person suddenly has severe itching, shortness of breath, reduced pressure. Signs of anaphylactic shock are a weak pulse, profuse sweating, pallor.

The main goal in the treatment of allergies is to eliminate the patient's contact with allergens.

There is no medical treatment for allergies. Therefore, people suffering from allergic reactions should reconsider their lifestyle, habits, if possible, change the environment, for example, change the climatic conditions.

allergic reactions and diseases are in the first place among the pathologies, the prevalence of which is increasing every year.

Those who once encountered allergies are aware that the most common allergens are plant pollen, food, and chemicals.

But not many people know that there is another type of allergic reaction - an infectious allergy, with this pathology, the immune system reacts with a specific reaction to a number of microorganisms that cause certain diseases.

Infectious pathogens leading to allergies

The term infectious allergy refers to the increased sensitivity of the human body to pathogenic agents of infectious diseases and invasive processes.

Pathology can also develop as a reaction to the waste products of pathogens.

Allergy infectious disease occurs if the body simultaneously experiences the influence of three factors provoking pathology, these are:

Prolonged course of the disease;
Localization of infection within cells;
The presence of a focus of chronic inflammation.

Determined that infectious species allergies can be caused by:

Infectious allergies often develop not only under the influence of these pathogens. The culprit of the disease can also be fragments of infected cells, decaying remains of infectious agents and products formed during their life.

Hypersensitivity of the body can appear with almost any infection. But the most likely occurrence infectious allergy if the disease is chronic.

The likelihood of pathology increases many times if a person has caries, tonsillitis, sinusitis, pyelonephritis, that is, chronic foci of inflammation.

Diseases that may cause an infectious allergy

More often allergies infectious type installed in patients with:

Infectious allergies in rare cases can develop after the test used to detect the source of infection.

With tuberculosis, the Mantoux test can give an impetus to the disease, with brucellosis, the Burne test, the Zuverkalov test for dysentery, the gonovaccine test for detecting gonorrhea, and a number of others.

In children, bacterial viral allergy often provoked by influenza, streptococcus, staphylococcus, Escherichia coli.

The probability of occurrence of pathology in children is increased with a long course of respiratory diseases, with an increased sensitivity of the body to the products formed as a result of the vital activity of microorganisms.

Symptoms in children and adults

The clinical picture of an infectious allergy is practically no different from the symptoms of other allergic diseases.

During its development, it is noted:

Redness of certain areas of the skin, the formation of rashes;
Body itching;
Runny nose, manifested by nasal congestion, sneezing, copious discharge;
Tearing of the eyes, redness of the sclera and conjunctiva;
Violations in the work of the digestive tract - nausea, epigastric pain, colic, diarrhea;
Labored breathing;
Enlarged lymph nodes.

In severe cases, infectious allergies can cause.

In the event that the cause of the allergy is a test, then to general symptoms local ones join - swelling and redness of the injection site, itching.

In children, allergies that occur after respiratory infections occur with:

Prolonged cough;
runny nose;
elevated temperature;
Wheezing and wheezing;
Shortness of breath.

Very often infectious allergy after colds causes bronchial asthma, mainly for young patients.

An infectious type of allergy should be diagnosed and treated in a timely manner.

If the disease is started, then it can cause serious complications, such as:

Nodular periarteritis;
Tropical eosinophilia;
Leffer syndrome;
Infectious-allergic arthritis.

In case of complications, changes in well-being, indicating lesions, join the general symptoms of allergy. individual bodies and systems.

So with arthritis, pain occurs in the joints, movements are limited in them, appears local inflammation and temperature.

Diagnosis of infectious allergies

According to the patient's complaints, the doctor may initially assume that he has developed an allergic reaction.

In the course of a comprehensive examination, it is necessary to establish a specific type of allergen and exclude pathologies similar in manifestations.

Diagnosis begins with the collection of anamnesis.

First of all, you need to find out what diseases the patient had, whether he had cases of allergies before and whether there is a burdened heredity, that is, whether blood relatives suffer from bronchial asthma, etc.

When examining children, it is necessary to establish how often they carry respiratory infections, whether they have chronic foci of inflammation - pyelonephritis, caries.

From laboratory diagnostics use:

Determination of the number of immune cells in the blood.
Holding. Use the minimum amount of the alleged allergen of the virus or bacteria, this amount cannot lead to the development of the disease.

If there is a suspicion that the human body is reacting to a specific bacterium, then an intradermal or cutaneous test is performed, for example, Mantoux.

A similar diagnosis is also possible to detect allergies to pathogens of tularemia, brucellosis, and toxoplasmosis.

If the sensitivity of the body is increased, then when conducting tests at the site of the allergen injection, a hyperergic reaction will appear, this is redness, a papule.

In the future, necrotic changes occur in the injection zone.

If necessary, the allergist prescribes other types of examinations to detect violations in the functioning of internal organs.

The diagnosis is made only after evaluating the data of all analyzes and studies.

Treatment

First of all, the treatment of infectious allergies should be aimed at the destruction of pathogens, provocateurs of pathology.

If it is established that such complications gave viral infection are prescribed antiviral drugs.

When detecting bacteria-allergens, it is necessary antibiotic therapy. Medications are selected based on the type of infection.

To facilitate the acute course of an infectious allergy can, for example,. But it must be remembered that the allergy will worsen each time if it is not carried out. complete therapy pathology.

Prevention of infectious allergies

In most cases, it is possible to prevent the development of infectious allergies in children and adults if:

Seek medical advice for treatment at the earliest early stages development of an infectious disease;
Increase the work of immunity;
Eat healthy food active image life;
Timely treat caries, sinusitis and other chronic foci of inflammation;
Apply preventive measures during periods of increased risk of infection infectious agents diseases.

Infectious allergy, which develops against the background of the underlying disease, significantly aggravates the course of the primary pathology.

By consulting a doctor in a timely manner, you can prevent the occurrence of unnecessary and difficult to treat diseases.

Porto-caval shunt syndrome

mesenchymal inflammatory syndrome

There is activation and proliferation of lymphoid and reticulohistiocytic cells, increased fibrogenesis, formation of active septa with hepatocyte necrosis, intrahepatic leukocyte migration, and vasculitis.

It is characterized by hypergammaglobulinemia, an increase in protein-sedimentary samples, increase in ESR, the appearance in the blood of degradation products connective tissue (C-reactive protein, seromucoid, etc.). Changes in indicators of cellular and humoral immune responses are observed: antibodies to subcellular fractions of hepatocytes, rheumatoid factor, antimitochondrial and antinuclear antibodies, changes in the number and functional activity of T- and B-lymphocytes, as well as an increase in the level of immunoglobulins.

It is diagnosed during thymol, sublimate tests, determination of gamma globulin and immunoglobulins in blood serum.

Occurs with the development of anastomoses in the liver. Part of the blood portal vein passes into the central bloodstream past the liver, resulting in blood observed high level ammonia, marked fluctuations in glucose levels.

Bacterial allergy is revealed from the name - with sensitization under the influence of bacterial principles, they were previously called tuberculin-type allergies. This name came from the first sightings. If tuberculin is injected subcutaneously - this is a filtrate of tubercle bacilli, the sensitized organism can respond at the injection site with a hypersensitivity reaction. A papule, a blister is formed, cells rush there, first of all monocytes, which stay there for up to 24 hours, then the observation was increased to 48 hours as the most reliable, perhaps they tried to identify a non-specific reaction of the body to the injection. After 48 hours, there is already reason to speak of an inflammatory infiltrate as a sensitization of the body as a re-exposure of the antigen to the body, since the infiltrate of tubercle bacilli appears to be nothing more than an antigen. Consequently, from this concept of tuberculin allergy, they moved on to the concept of bacterial allergy, with scarlet fever, with typhoid fever- rash - inflammatory foci. Inflammatory foci are formed and internal organs, for example, with the abdominal type, it is affected small intestine inflammatory foci occur in the area of Peyre's plaques, mainly lymphocytic and monocytic infiltrates hydrate, then inflammation develops tritely with the participation of non-specific mediators. It has been established that a bacterial allergy manifests itself if the doctor sees on the skin allergic rashes, the rash, like inflammatory foci, can ulcerate, undergo nektobiotic processes, i.e. there is a process of destruction under the influence of allergy mediators. The problem of treatment is not simple. The focus of inflammation itself can occur both on the skin and in any organ. Bacterial allergy as an allergy corresponding to hypersensitivity allergy in common processes and is more often associated with infection processes. Bacterial allergy is not only tuberculin type, but any inflammation is referred by experts to the manifestation of allergy. At the site of contact, an inflammatory process occurs upon contact with antiheg and heavy metals (chromium). The workers had rashes. In contact with antibiotics of that time (penicillin was very allergic). Many nurses quit their jobs because they developed rashes on cancers by contact. They could not inject because the barrier (skin) was damaged. The skin, with severe allergization, was removed like gloves. It developed as a result of a delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction due to the active activity of T-cytotoxic lymphocytes, which indiscriminately affected both healthy cells and those affected by allergens. Then it became clear that contact allergy is the reaction of skin proteins (rich in lysine, cysteine), and they contacted haptens = hapten + protein complex = full antigen (CD8). They find contact not only with proteins but also with polysaccharides. Possible food allergens. Cosmetics(SMS containing chlorine), find amino acids (lysine) and sensitize them. Finally, detergents chlorine not containing more favorable. Nitrates find cysteine. All chemicals find their amino acid. Subject to 20% allergic reaction. Therefore, for the majority it is good. Great importance haptens.

Allergy

HPT - the main phenomenon is fever or shock

HRT - takes several hours to develop (tuberculin type)

There are differences. Hypersensitivity of the immediate type - cell-mediated (through an antibody) without the participation of immunocompetent cells, no allergy develops. The focus is on the speed of development.

Classified:

reaginic type allergy
cytotoxic type
Free immunocomplexes

Allergy of the reaginic type. Reaginic antibodies immunoglobulins E, atopic diseases and anaphylactic manifestations. It belongs to the third stage of allergy development (pathophysiological). Features of the pathoimmune stage: Any allergy develops with the participation of an allergen (soluble (for quick penetration) and poorly soluble) The allergen reacts with a monocyte (immobile macrophage) or others, but primary cell with incomplete phagocytosis, it comes out and reacts with the B-lymphocyte, sensitizing it, the T-lymphocyte helper 2 takes part. In the delayed type, helper 1 is involved. Helper 2 promotes sensitization by releasing interleukin 4 - causes the ability to respond with hypersensitivity. Interlikin 1 is a permanent mediator between primary and secondary cells. Among the population of sensitized lymphocytes there are cells capable of synthesizing immunoglobulins (mainly class E). Immunoglobulins are fixed on the membranes of all cells, becoming a receptor for antigens (from nerve cells to skin cells). When the allergen re-interacts, the memory cells undergo blastotransformation, multiply, and become plasma cells or antibody-forming cells. One plasma cell forms from 1000 to 1500 antibodies that are fixed on any cell. Most often these are cells of the skin, gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract and all others. Such a complex chain forms the "new receptors" of the cell. The synthesis of immunoglobulins is maintained throughout life, tk. protein is not durable. Immunoglobulins G are involved, which protect against infection, when vaccinated. They are able to sensitize the body and, unlike immunoglobulins E, they circulate in the body, their allergic danger is revealed. They may occasionally encounter allergens 2. Immunoglobulin E is fixed and IgG is circulating. This is a feature of the pathoimmune stage.

The hidden period is the first. All events occur on the second hit. Mast cells very readily fix immunoglobulins E. During fixation, a change in metabolism occurs. Caused by cell dystrophy. There is a release of allergy mediators: histamine, heparin, serotonin. Histamine - expanding the microcirculatory bed, the formation of pain, itching ( allergic itching) contraction of intestinal smooth muscle. Through histamine receptors, changes occur as in inflammation, only a different starting stimulus. Inflammatory mediators are mediators of an immediate type of allergy. Kinins, especially bradykinin, are mediators of an immediate type of allergy (reminiscent of histamine). Kinin as a plasma factor in combination with plasma coagulation factor (XII) is able to participate in microthrombosis (fibrinolysis is enhanced). May lead to the development of vasculitis. Inflammatory mediators are also linked to allergies. Cells of neutrophils and eosinophils easily fix immunoglobulins E on their membranes. Eosinophils produce toxic proteins that come out of them and affect everything around. All cells that are damaged as a result of the formation of the At + allergen complex no longer disassemble their own and others, intensifying the process of dystrophy. A large group of mediators in the form of lymphokines. Lymphotoxin activates proliferation in cells, as they dominate in the focus of allergy. The monokine mediator (interlikin1, prostaglandins, pyrogens, slow reacting substance) is a powerful allergy product. The slowly reacting substance is formed from unsaturated higher fatty acids and in particular belong to the class of leukosanoids. Leukotrienes decipher MRS. Causes slow contraction of smooth muscles. With bronchospasm, they interfere with the action of histamine preparations. There are other mediators, they are being studied. All irritable and destructive phenomena are referred to the pathophysiological stage. Allergies of the immediate type are classified into reaginic, cytotoxic, free immune complexes. All allergic processes involving immunoglobulins E are called reagent allergies.

Apothetic diseases are strange diseases. Hay fever, allergic rhinitis to plant pollen. Allergic bronchitis, inflammation of the bronchial mucosa or atopic bronchial asthma. Urticaria infectious or non-infectious. When stinged with nettles, the body becomes blistered. Dermographism (with a test for sensitization) strong pressure on the skin of the back with mechanical (pressure or cold) with Quincke's edema. baby eczema or atopic dermatitis- on food allergens (up to 3 years) the formation of bubbles and their opening (as a result of combing). Then it disappears or is replaced by air (3-7 years). Childhood eczema returns after (40 years) - reaction to chronic cholecystitis, medicines. Anaphylaxis belongs to the same class, develops very quickly within a few minutes, more often on parainternal injection, shoulder bites. Immunoglobulins G are involved. The compliment system is actively involved in the development of anaphylactic shock. Antiphylatoxin is represented by the compliment system. Action due to its enzymes. cytotoxic class. Attribute the formation of pathological immune complexes Ag + Ab + complement system = cytolysins on the cell membrane. Hemopathy. When fixed on cells, it causes their destruction (erythrocytes, leukocytes, etc.). Reactions can occur in the digestive, respiratory system, etc. Cause food allergens, pharmacological (a lot of drugs) Immunocomplex type. A pathological immune complex is formed in the blood. Where they stop is unknown, as a rule they stop in all tissues. An example is serum sickness (after the administration of tetanus toxoid) - laryngeal edema, urticaria, myocardial edema, joint pain, an increase in their volume (more often there is no complement in the complex) stop in the microcirculatory bed, causing vasculitis. Vasculitis does not necessarily cause serum sickness. Serum sickness helped to decipher the mechanism of vasculitis. There is a distinction between HRT and GNT. But, mixed allergies are possible - autoallergy. In response to self antigens. Allergens are formed in the body itself. All internal allergens are divided into primary or secondary. Natural. When normal tissue components are perceived as foreign matter. This happens as a result of the fact that high molecular weight proteins (organs protected by a barrier) do not have receptors for tolerance (histocompatibility) with the immune system. With TBI, when protective structures are damaged, proteins come out of isolation. Allergic and inflammatory processes are formed. Another development mechanism autoimmune diseases. Special lymphocytes that destroyed the contacts between these organs. Perhaps they disappear (performed their functions in early embryogenesis) or are expressed. A mutation of lymphocytes is possible, as a result of which they lose the quality of histocompatibility. Causes of mutation: defect of T-suppressors, their insufficiency or transformation into aggressive ones. Autoallergy triggers the reaction mechanisms of HRT and HNT, which is especially noticeable in rheumatism and other nervous diseases.

Allergy is a pathological reaction of the human immune system to certain substances. It can occur due to contact of the body with pollen, wool, aggressive chemical compounds, some types of medical preparations etc. There is also an infectious allergy. In this case, pathogens of various diseases act as allergens.

Kinds

Depending on the allergen, it can be of different types:

viral allergy;
bacterial allergy;
fungal allergy.

All of them are caused by the presence of an infection in the body.

Causes of viral allergies

Such an immune reaction can appear in both children and adults. It can be caused by serious illnesses. Such as:

tuberculosis;

brucellosis;

anthrax;

mycoses of the skin and other organs;

tularemia;

dysentery;

Viral and bacterial allergies in children and adults occur under the following conditions:

intracellular location of the infection;

long course of the listed diseases;

the presence of a focus of chronic infection in the body.

Such an allergy can occur not only by itself, but also as a result of a test in the presence of an infection in the body. With tuberculosis, this is the Mantoux test, with chronic dysentery- Tsuverkalov's test, with brucellosis - Burne's test, with gonorrhea - a test with gonovaccine, with anthrax- a test with anthraxin, with tularemia - a test with tularemine.

Children can also develop allergies due to the presence of a less serious infection in the body. Often it manifests itself after a long course of colds. In this case, ARI turns into an infectious allergy in the form of asthmatic bronchitis.
So, we can conclude that viral and bacterial allergies in children can be caused by such an infection:

Pneumococcus;

staphylococcus;

streptococcus;

coli.

Infectious allergies in children develop for the following reasons:

severe diseases listed above;

long course of acute respiratory diseases;

increased sensitivity of the body to the waste products of microorganisms that cause any disease (including influenza, etc.);

Also, an allergy to the waste products of viruses, bacteria and fungi can occur in adults and children due to prolonged chronic inflammatory process. It could be chronic cystitis, pyelonephritis and even caries.

Symptoms of Allergy to Infection

This kind immune response in adults and children is accompanied by such signs:

redness or rash on the skin;

allergic rhinitis;

redness and tearing of the eyes;

disorders of the gastrointestinal tract (stomach pain, diarrhea);

difficulty breathing;

swollen lymph nodes;

in especially severe cases - anaphylactic shock.

If an allergy occurs after Mantoux or other tests for the presence of an infection in the body, then local symptoms are added to the above signs:

pain and swelling at the injection site;

severe itching;

swelling and redness at the site of the infection test.

Allergy after a long course of acute respiratory diseases in children is accompanied by the following symptoms:

elevated temperature;
wheezing in the lungs;

wheezing.

Symptoms: rash and redness

Such symptoms may also be present in adults if they have severely triggered bronchitis or other respiratory diseases.
If children or adults have symptoms of an acute infectious allergy, you should not try to treat yourself, as there is a high probability of developing anaphylactic shock, which in most cases leads to lethal outcome. Therefore, in case of signs of an immune reaction to the waste products of viruses, bacteria or fungus, you should immediately consult an allergist. He will appoint proper treatment, which will help get rid of symptoms and prevent the recurrence of the disease.
Allergies after a long course of acute respiratory diseases can also cause complications if you do not immediately consult a doctor. It could be a chronic disease respiratory system, as well as the appearance of immune reactions to other allergens that were previously perceived by the body as normal (for example, pollen, dust, wool, etc.). In this case, children in contact with these allergens will develop an asthma attack.

Treatment of allergies caused by viruses

First of all, the treatment of such an immune reaction involves getting rid of the infection that caused it.
Respiratory diseases are treated with antiviral drugs. It could be:

Zanamivir;

Remantadin.

Drugs containing interferon (a human immune protein that helps fight infection) are also used. These are the following medicines:

Grippferon and others.

Viferon

Drugs that do not contain ready-made protein can also be used, but stimulate the body to produce its own interferon. Such drugs are considered the most effective in the fight against acute respiratory diseases. After them come preparations containing ready-made interferon. However, they are less effective, since sooner or later the body begins to block the foreign protein, producing antibodies to it. The following medicines are aimed at stimulating the production of their own interferon:

Cycloferon;

Drugs are also used to relieve the main symptoms of acute respiratory diseases. These can be nose drops, sprays to eliminate redness and sore throat, cough syrups, etc.

Treatment of bacterial allergies

An immune reaction that occurs after a long course of diseases caused by bacteria is treated primarily by eliminating the underlying ailments.
For this, antibiotics are used. There are two types of these drugs: bactericidal and bacteriostatic. The former kill microorganisms, while the latter only inhibit their growth and reproduction.
To bactericidal antibiotics relate:

Aztrione;

Loracarbef;

Amoxicillin;

Ampicillin;

Nafcillin;

cephalosporin antibiotics (Ceftriaxone, Cefadroxil, Ceftazidime, Cefixime, Cefazolin, etc.).

Bacteriostatic antibiotics include the following drugs:

Tetracycline;

minocycline;

doxycycline;

Dalfopristin;

Clarithromycin;

Erythromycin;

Azithromycin;

Dirithromycin.

Erythromycin

In advanced and chronic infections, bactericidal drugs are most often used, since bacteriostatic drugs in such cases only stop the disease for a while, and after stopping their use, microorganisms begin to multiply again, as a result of which a relapse of the underlying disease and an allergic reaction is possible along with it.

Treatment of an infectious allergy caused by a fungus

It is primarily aimed at eliminating the underlying infection. Allergy symptoms are also eliminated, for which they are used antihistamines. After the complete cure of the underlying disease, the symptoms of the immune reaction no longer return, however, if the mycosis is still not cured, a relapse of the allergy is possible.

Bacteria allergens, bacterial allergies, we often hear these words. But what do they mean: when bacterial allergens are helpers, and when are enemies, whether bacterial allergies are treated, why bacterial allergens are activated, and so on. Let's figure it out.

bacterial allergy

This is a type of allergy in which the activation of allergens is not due to food, dust or something like that, but due to bacteria located in the nasopharynx, lungs, kidneys, and so on. It does not come to light abruptly, but over time, because it is formed against the background of colds that have not been treated more often, for example, sinusitis. The fire of the disease does not seem to manifest itself outwardly, but smolders quietly inside and develops over the years into allergies in the form of bronchial asthma, conjunctivitis and urticaria. All this severe illness requiring serious treatment. But do not be afraid, when contacting a competent specialist and following all his recommendations, such an allergy goes away forever. The following types of therapy are usually offered: phyto-, api-, lipido-, UZIS and capillary-.
Symptoms of a bacterial allergy are: breathing problems (including cough, congestion, persistent runny nose), frequent sneezing, tears, redness in the eyes, gastrointestinal tract may respond with pain, vomiting, and diarrhea. Unfortunately, anaphylactic shock and angioedema also occur.
In a child, the situation in terms of symptoms is the same as with adults. Note that before three years bacterial allergy it is almost impossible to replace due to the long process of its development.

Bacterial allergens: types

Such allergens are classically divided into two groups.
Group 1. Antigens, the activation of which is associated with pathogens of infectious diseases. Tuberculin (INN, international generic name- allergens of tuberculosis bacteria recombinant). From the name it is immediately clear that its activation is associated with tuberculosis diseases, and it is used to detect them. This allergen is recombinant. It includes lipids that increase the effectiveness of the drug and determine the time of its action. We are sure that everyone is familiar with the Mantoux test used to detect tuberculosis.
Group 2. Antigens whose activation is associated with conditionally pathogenic bacteria. Lepromin. To a greater extent, lepromin consists of protein. Lepromin is not a new allergen, but it is still used to diagnose, treat, determine the body's reactions to leprosy (leprosy).

Bacterial allergens for diagnosis

As we mentioned above, the allergens of bacteria of both groups modern medicine detection of diseases (lepromin, tuberculin) are used. Skin tests are used. For example, to detect tuberculosis disease, a recombinant allergen is taken and Mantoux or Pirquet tests are performed. Preparations, the INN of which are allergens of tuberculosis bacteria recombinant (its trade name is tuberculin), can only be used by prepared medical specialists. They give very accurate answers to the question - is there tuberculosis. The reaction of the body is watched after three days. The same situation with lepromin. It is impossible to order an appropriate drug somewhere on the Internet and independently conduct a diagnosis at home. This is possible only in the clinic, since the activation of the body for lepromin does not indicate a disease, only a doctor can correctly decipher the result of the analysis.

0.1 ml of lepromin is injected under the skin. Two days later, the Fernandez reaction is observed - an early reaction to lepromine. It appears as a papule. A few weeks later look at Mitsuda's reaction, a late reaction to lepromine. Outwardly, this is already a tubercle or node.

Bacterial allergens cannot be classified as obligatory. Obligate are those allergens that most often cause an inadequate reaction of the body, among them: chocolate, oranges, honey, fish, strawberries, and so on. Most often this, parents should translate it into diet food that exclude these products. With age, the reaction to obligate allergens may go away.
In conclusion, we note that despite the fact that the use of bacterial allergens (both tuberculin and lepromin and others) for diagnosing diseases is more than 100 years old, this method is still effective. According to how and in what terms the activation to the antigen occurs, it is possible either to determine the disease, or to identify the data necessary for treatment.
About bacterial allergies, leading, among other things, to asthma, we emphasize that it is sometimes treated even better than the usual food. With the right approach, the internal forces of the body are activated (after all, allergies are associated with low immunity), and the cause of the allergy is destroyed so effectively that you can forget about it forever.