What are bacterial allergens used for? Characteristics of bacterial allergies Allergenic bacteria that may be contained

The date: 19.07.2019

Delayed-type allergic reactions are reactions that occur only a few hours or even days after exposure to the allergen. The most typical example of this group allergic manifestations tuberculin reactions turned out to be, therefore, sometimes the entire group of delayed-type allergic reactions is called tuberculin-type reactions. Delayed allergies include bacterial allergies, contact-type allergic reactions ( contact dermatitis), autoallergic diseases, transplant rejection reactions, etc.

bacterial allergy

Delayed bacterial allergy can occur with preventive vaccinations and with some infectious diseases (tuberculosis, diphtheria, brucellosis, coccal, viral and fungal infections). If an allergen is applied to a sensitized or infected animal on the scarified skin (or injected intradermally), then the response begins no earlier than 6 hours later and reaches a maximum after 24-48 hours. At the site of contact with the allergen, hyperemia, induration and sometimes skin necrosis occur. Necrosis appears as a result of the death of a significant number of histiocytes and parenchymal cells. With the injection of small doses of the allergen, necrosis is absent. Histologically, as for all types of delayed-type allergic reactions, for bacterial allergy characterized by mononuclear infiltration (monocytes and large, medium and small lymphocytes). In clinical practice, skin delayed reactions of Pirquet, Mantoux, Burne, and others are used to determine the degree of sensitization of the body in a particular infection.

Delayed allergic reactions can also be obtained in other organs, for example, in the cornea, bronchi. Inhalation of tuberculin aerosol to BCG-sensitized guinea pigs causes severe shortness of breath, histologically infiltration is observed. lung tissue polymorphonuclear and mononuclear cells that are located around the bronchioles. If tuberculosis bacteria are introduced into the lungs of sensitized animals, a strong cellular reaction occurs with caseous decay and the formation of cavities (Koch's phenomenon).

contact allergy

Contact allergies (contact dermatitis) are caused by a variety of low molecular weight substances (dinitrochlorobenzene, picrylic acid, phenols, etc.), industrial chemicals, paints (ursol is the active substance of poison ivy), detergents, metals (platinum compounds), cosmetics and others. The molecular weight of most of these substances does not exceed 1000, i.e. they are haptens (incomplete antigens). In the skin, they combine with proteins, probably through a covalent bond with free amino and sulfhydryl groups of proteins, and acquire allergenic properties. The ability to combine with protein is directly proportional to the allergenic activity of these substances.

The local reaction of the sensitized organism to the contact allergen also appears after about 6 hours and reaches a maximum after 24-48 hours. The reaction develops superficially, mononuclear infiltration of the epidermis occurs and the formation of small cavities in the epidermis containing mononuclear cells. The cells of the epidermis degenerate, the structure of the basement membrane is disturbed and the epidermis detaches. Changes in the deep layers of the skin are much weaker than with other types local reactions delayed type a.

Autoallergy

Delayed-type allergic reactions also include a large group of reactions and diseases resulting from damage to cells and tissues by so-called autoallergens, i.e., allergens that have arisen in the body itself. The nature and mechanism of formation of autoallergens are different.

Some autoallergens are found in the body in finished form (endoallergens). Some tissues of the body (for example, tissues of the lens, thyroid gland, testes, Gray matter brain) in the process of phylogenesis turned out to be isolated from the apparatus of immunogenesis, due to which they are perceived by immunocompetent cells as foreign. Them antigenic structure It turns out to be an irritant for the immunogenesis apparatus and antibodies are produced against them.

Of great importance are secondary or acquired autoallergens, which are formed in the body from its own proteins as a result of the action of any damaging environmental factors on them (for example, cold, heat, ionizing radiation). These autoallergens and antibodies formed against them play a certain role in the pathogenesis of radiation, burn disease, etc.

When exposed to the own antigenic components of the human or animal body with bacterial allergens, infectious autoallergens are formed. In this case, complex allergens may arise that retain the antigenic properties of the constituent parts of the complex (human or animal tissues + bacteria) and intermediate allergens with completely new antigenic properties. The formation of intermediate allergens is very clearly seen in some neuroviral infections. The relationship of viruses with the cells they infect is characterized by the fact that the nucleoproteins of the virus in the process of its reproduction extremely closely interact with the nucleoproteins of the cell. The virus at a certain stage of its reproduction, as it were, fuses with the cell. This creates especially favorable conditions for the formation of large-molecular antigenic substances - products of the interaction of the virus and the cell, which are intermediate allergens (according to A.D. Ado).

The mechanisms of occurrence of autoallergic diseases are quite complex. Some diseases develop, apparently, as a result of a violation of the physiological vascular tissue barrier and the release of natural or primary autoallergens from tissues, to which there is no immunological tolerance in the body. These diseases include allergic thyroiditis, orchitis, sympathetic ophthalmia, etc. But for the most part, autoallergic diseases are caused by antigens of the body's own tissues, altered under the influence of physical, chemical, bacterial and other agents (acquired or secondary autoallergens). For example, autoantibodies against one's own tissues (antibodies such as cytotoxins) appear in the blood and tissue fluids of animals and humans during radiation sickness. In this case, apparently, the products of water ionization (active radicals) and other products of tissue breakdown lead to protein denaturation, turning them into self-allergens. Against the latter, antibodies are produced.

Autoallergic lesions are also known, which develop due to the commonality of antigenic determinants of the tissue's own components with those of exoallergens. Common antigenic determinants have been found in the heart muscle and some strains of streptococcus, lung tissues and some saprophytic bacteria living in the bronchi, etc. The immunological reaction caused by an exoallergen, due to its cross antigenic properties, can be directed against its own tissues. In this way, some cases of allergic myocarditis, an infectious form of bronchial asthma, etc. may arise. autoimmune diseases flax (at dysfunction of the lymphoid tissue, the appearance of the so-called forbidden clones directed against the body's own tissues. Such diseases include systemic lupus erythematosus, acquired hemolytic anemia and etc.

A special group of lesions, close in mechanism to autoallergic reactions, are experimental diseases caused by cytotoxic sera. A typical example of such lesions is nephrotoxic glomerulonephritis. Nephrotoxic serum can be obtained, for example, after repeated subcutaneous injection guinea pigs emulsions of crushed rabbit kidney. If guinea pig serum containing a sufficient amount of antirenal cytotoxins is injected into a healthy rabbit, they develop glomerulonephritis (proteinuria and death of animals from uremia). Depending on the dose of antiserum administered, glomerulonephritis appears soon (24-48 hours) after serum administration or 5-11 days later. Using the method of fluorescent antibodies, it was found that, according to these terms, in the glomeruli of the kidneys on early dates foreign gamma globulin appears, and after 5-7 days autologous gamma globulin. The reaction of such antibodies with a foreign protein fixed in the kidneys is the cause of late glomerulonephritis.

Homograft rejection reaction

As is known, true engraftment of a transplanted tissue or organ is possible only with autotransplantation or homotransplantation in identical twins. In all other cases, the transplanted tissue or organ is rejected. Transplant rejection is the result allergic reaction slow type. As early as 7-10 days after tissue transplantation, and especially abruptly after transplant rejection, a typical delayed reaction to intradermal administration of donor tissue antigens can be obtained. In the development of the body's response to the transplant, lymphoid cells are of decisive importance. When transplanting tissue into an organ with poorly developed drainage lymphatic system(anterior chamber of the eye, brain) the process of destruction of the transplanted tissue slows down. Lymphocytosis is early sign incipient rejection, and the imposition in the experiment of a fistula of the thoracic lymphatic duct in the recipient, which allows to some extent to reduce the number of lymphocytes in the body, prolongs the life of the homotransplant.

The mechanism of graft rejection can be represented as follows: as a result of transplantation of a foreign tissue, the recipient's lymphocytes become sensitized (become carriers of a transfer factor or cellular antibodies). These immune lymphocytes then migrate to the transplant, where they are destroyed and release an antibody that causes the destruction of the transplanted tissue. Upon contact of immune lymphocytes with graft cells, intracellular proteases are also released, which cause further metabolic disorder in the graft. The introduction of tissue protease inhibitors (for example, s-aminocaproic acid) to the recipient promotes engraftment of transplanted tissues. Suppression of the function of lymphocytes by physical (ionizing radiation lymph nodes) or chemical (special immunosuppressive agents) effects, also prolongs the functioning of transplanted tissues or organs.

Mechanisms of delayed-type allergic reactions

All delayed-type allergic reactions develop according to general plan: in initial stage sensitization (shortly after the introduction of the allergen into the body) in the regional lymph nodes appears a large number of pyroninophilic cells, from which, apparently, immune (sensitized) lymphocytes are formed. The latter become carriers of antibodies (or the so-called "transfer factor"), enter the blood, partly they circulate in the blood, partly settle in the endothelium of blood capillaries, skin, mucous membranes and other tissues. Upon subsequent contact with the allergen, they cause the formation of an allergen-antibody immune complex and subsequent tissue damage.

The nature of the antibodies involved in the mechanisms of delayed allergy is not fully understood. It is known that the passive transfer of a delayed allergy to another animal is possible only with the help of cell suspensions. With blood serum, such a transfer is practically impossible; at least a small amount of cellular elements must be added. Among the cells involved in delayed allergy, cells of the lymphoid series seem to be of particular importance. So, with the help of lymph node cells, blood lymphocytes, it is possible to passively endure hypersensitivity to tuberculin, picryl chloride and other allergens. Contact sensitivity can be transmitted passively with the cells of the spleen, thymus, thoracic lymphatic duct. In people with various forms insufficiency of the lymphoid apparatus (for example, lymphogranulomatosis), delayed-type allergic reactions do not develop. In the experiment, irradiation of animals with X-rays before the onset of lymphopenia causes suppression of tuberculin allergy, contact dermatitis, homograft rejection, and other delayed-type allergic reactions. The introduction of cortisone in animals at doses that reduce the content of lymphocytes, as well as the removal of regional lymph nodes, suppresses the development of delayed allergies. Thus, it is lymphocytes that are the main carriers and carriers of antibodies in delayed allergies. The presence of such antibodies on lymphocytes is also evidenced by the fact that lymphocytes with delayed allergies are able to fix the allergen on themselves. As a result of the interaction of sensitized cells with the allergen, biologically released active substances, which can be considered as delayed-type allergy mediators. The most important of them are the following:

1. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor. It is a protein with a molecular weight of about 4000-6000. It inhibits the movement of macrophages in tissue culture. When administered intradermally to a healthy animal (guinea pig), it causes a delayed-type allergic reaction. Found in humans and animals.
2. lymphotoxin- a protein with a molecular weight of 70,000-90,000. Causes the destruction or inhibition of growth and proliferation of lymphocytes. Suppresses DNA synthesis. Found in humans and animals
3. Blastogenic factor- protein. Causes the transformation of lymphocytes into lymphoblasts; promotes the absorption of thymidine by lymphocytes and activates the division of lymphocytes. Found in humans and animals.
4. Do guinea pigs, mice, rats, other factors have also been found as mediators of delayed-type allergic reactions that have not yet been isolated in humans, for example, skin reactivity factor causing inflammation of the skin chemotactic factor and some others that are also proteins with different molecular weights.

Circulating antibodies can appear in some cases with delayed-type allergic reactions in liquid tissue media of the body. They can be detected using an agar precipitation test or a complement fixation test. However, these antibodies are not responsible for the essence of delayed-type sensitization and do not participate in the process of damage and destruction of tissues of a sensitized organism during autoallergic processes, bacterial allergies, rheumatism, etc. According to their significance for the body, they can be classified as witness antibodies (but classification of antibodies A. D. Ado).

Effect of thymus on allergic reactions

The thymus influences the formation of delayed allergies. Early thymectomy in animals causes a decrease in the number of circulating lymphocytes, involution of lymphoid tissue and suppresses the development of delayed allergy to proteins, tuberculin, disrupts the development of transplantation immunity, but has little effect on contact allergy to dinitrochlorobenzene. Insufficiency of the thymus function affects primarily the state of the paracortical layer of the lymph nodes, i.e., the layer where pyroninophilic cells are formed from small lymphocytes during delayed allergy. With early thymectomy, it is from this area that lymphocytes begin to disappear, which leads to atrophy of the lymphoid tissue.

The effect of thymectomy on delayed allergy appears only if the thymus is removed early in the life of the animal. Thymectomy performed in animals a few days after birth or in adult animals does not affect the engraftment of the homograft.

Allergic reactions of the immediate type are also under the control of the thymus, but the influence of the thymus on these reactions is less pronounced. Early thymectomy does not affect the formation plasma cells and synthesis of gamma globulin. Thymectomy is accompanied by inhibition of circulating antibodies not to all, but only to some types of antigens.

Doctor visit

Allergenic bacteria have been the object of study and numerous studies since 1909. Just at that time, various types of allergies began to be actively studied. Anaphylaxis was also of great interest. Since the teachings about the types of allergies developed very quickly, it was found that the properties inherent in allergies in general do not always appear immediately, they can be detected after a certain period of time.

Allergens of bacteria: how do they affect the human body?

There are two types of reactions that occasionally appear immediately. Firstly, this is the well-known anaphylactic shock, which people experience much more often. And, secondly, the reaction can be bronchial asthma, which is also caused by bacterial action.

To this day, scientists and physicians deal only with those bacteria in which certain properties have been identified that correspond to an allergic reaction. They are studied due to the fact that the skin is subjected to sampling. They can have different strengths of action: some are weak, some are strong. And today, saprophytic microbes are allergens of the most powerful action compared to others. And their isolation comes from those patients in whom the reaction manifested itself in the form of bronchial asthma.

In some cases, microbes of a certain type enter the human body and “live” there for a long period of time. Thus, sensitization occurs, and subsequently the development of bronchial asthma will occur.

Classification of bacterial allergens

To date, all such allergens have been divided into specific groups by specialists.

1. Antigen of the causative agent of an infectious disease. This type includes such an allergen as tuberculin. It is produced due to the fact that tuberculosis microbacteria are extracted. In the specific case described above, there is a sensitization that is directly related to tuberculosis pathogens. This is already a classic option, which is used in order to most fully study the hypersensitivity of this type. Tuberculin is considered a recombinant allergen. It contains various lipids, which, one way or another, affect how long time will be spent on the formation of an appropriate reaction, and also increase the activity of the drug. It is worth paying attention that it is possible to reveal how intense a person’s immunity to tuberculosis pathogenic bacteria is due to the Mantoux test. Special bacteria that are involved in this process will reveal the reaction. In this case, there is one very important point: Mantoux should never be done if there are any diseases associated with the skin and possible infections. Also contraindications include epilepsy and allergenic properties. If on this moment is quarantined, then vaccinated medical workers have the right to do only 30-31 days after its removal.
2. Allergen conditionally pathogenic bacteria. Lepromine can be attributed to this group of allergens. It contains protein in the amount of 75%, polysaccharides, of which a total of 13% were detected, and nucleic acids, of which there are also approximately 13%. Lepromin was made a very long time ago, but it still remains the most common when it comes to diagnosing leprosy.

Allergens of bacteria: how is the activation?

An allergic reaction can be caused by various substances: from substances with a simple composition to substances with a more complex composition.

Numerous experiments and studies conducted by scientists and modern representatives of medicine have quite definitely revealed the result. It is worth noting that they began by studying the chemical constituents of bacteria.

In this regard, the most active natural allergen, which is called a glycoprotein, was identified. If the number of necessary particles in it is less than a given level, then there will be no allergic reaction in this case. If the number of necessary particles in it is much higher (7-9 times) than the given level, then the bacteria will not be able to cross a certain barrier consisting of various tissues. This means that the allergens will not get into the mast cells in any way.

The first thing you should always directly pay attention to is the allergenic stimulus. It is he who is a kind of launch and activator for lymphoid cells.

What you need to know about tuberculin

User manual similar drugs states that they can only be used by persons who have undergone special training. So it will not be trusted to a person who does not have experience with such drugs, and even more so they will not be sold in a regular pharmacy. The fact is that the bacterial allergen tuberculosis recombinant comes from tenders.

The allergen of tuberculosis recombinant bacteria is the INN of the most common bacterial preparation to determine tuberculosis. Meets and tradename- tuberculin. As a rule, this or that drug has its own code, known to the manufacturers of such drugs. Code OKPD purified allergic derivative of tuberculosis - 24.41.60.412.

How the drug is administered

All products, the trade name of which has a registered code, are administered by a doctor according to special rules. The instruction provides that only a specially trained nurse should be involved in the introduction of the allergen of recombinant tuberculosis bacteria, according to the doctor's indications. She has access to trade names medical substances and subcutaneous tests.

Three days after the test, the reaction of the body is evaluated. In this case, the presence of not only redness, but also infiltration is taken into account. Persons who are sick or ill viral hepatitis, AIDS, the reaction can be sharply negative.

Is there a risk of purchasing low-quality products

Each bacterial allergen has a code assigned to it. So any derivative of bacteria necessary for diagnosis is easily identified by it. If all the conditions of the tender are met, as stipulated by the instructions for the purchase of such products, and at the same time its code matches the normative one, then the probability that a low-quality drug will be administered to the patient is practically reduced to zero.

However nurse care must be taken to ensure that such products are not expired. Otherwise, there is a risk of complications during the diagnosis of the disease.

An allergen is an antigen that causes in people who are sensitive to them. Allergy is a reaction of the immune system of the human body, manifested by the action of an allergen.

Allergens can be any substance. The main symptoms of allergies are redness and pain in the eyes, swelling, sneezing and runny nose, cough, rash on skin(eczema, contact dermatitis), shortness of breath, asthma attacks, ear pain, hearing loss, headaches. The disease can be inherited.

As a rule, a chronic allergic reaction manifests itself in a specific place (organ). At atopic dermatitis the skin suffers, with bronchial asthma - the mucous membrane of the bronchi, with food allergies- intestinal mucosa.

Classification of allergens depending on how they enter the human body

There are three main groups of allergens:

exogenous;
endogenous;
autoantigens.

Exogenous allergens enter the human body from environment(inhalation, swallowing or injection).

Endogenous allergens, in turn, are formed by the cells of the body during natural metabolism or during viral or bacterial infections. Endoallergens can be formed during severe burns (the human body begins to perceive damaged skin as foreign tissue).

Autoantigens are normal proteins (protein complexes) to which the immune system(occurs in people with autoimmune diseases).

The following types of allergens are distinguished by the way they enter the human body:

air (dust, pollen);
food;
contact (chemicals);
injection ( medications);
infectious (bacteria, viruses).

Classification of allergens depending on the origin

According to their origin, allergens are:

household (dust, chalk, oil refining products);
epidermal allergens (wool, feather, dandruff, fluff, excrement, saliva of domestic animals);
insect (cockroaches, insects, spiders);
pollen (pollen of plants and trees);
food (allergy is possible to any food product, often seafood, egg white, strawberries, citrus fruits, chocolate, nuts, legumes, honey);
medicinal (allergy is possible to any drug, including antiallergic drugs; the main drugs to which an allergic reaction is possible: penicillin, sulfanilamide, salicylate, local anesthetics);
fungal (mold and yeast fungi);
helminthic (causative agents are worms);
thermal (wind, frost, etc.);
moral and biological (experience, fear, nervous breakdown, etc.).

An allergic reaction is possible to cleaning and cosmetic products: washing powder, rinses, dishwashing detergents, etc. Allergies can also develop from certain types of microbes. The source of their appearance may be an incompletely cured infection, nail fungus, sinusitis, tooth decay.

The main and most common allergens

The main allergens are:

Pollen from plants and trees more often than others cause seasonal allergies. You can reduce exposure to the allergen by staying indoors with the windows closed in windy weather, as well as by using air conditioning.
Animals - in this case, it is recommended not to use carpets, to clean the room more often.
Dust mites live in house dust. It is recommended to use hypoallergenic pillows and mattresses, wash bedding more often and only in hot water, do not use carpets and curtains.
Insect bites provoke swelling and redness at the site of the bite, nausea, weakness, and fever.
Mold - the reaction appears when inhaled or touched. Mold can be found in the bathroom, in the grass. A measure of prevention can be considered ventilation of wet rooms.
Food products - allergy symptoms: respiratory failure, skin rashes, including the mouth area, vomiting.
Latex.
Medicines.
Flavoring agents.

Thus, the most common allergens are house dust, animal hair, food products, pollen of plants and trees, bacterial allergens, viruses, microscopic fungi.

What is true and bacterial allergy?

A true allergy is an overreaction of the body to a common substance. Moreover, the reaction appears regardless of the amount of allergen that has entered the body. Scientists identify the following true allergens: eggs, milk, peanuts, hazelnuts, soybeans, seafood (crayfish), fish, wheat.

A true allergy differs from a food allergy in that in the first case, a person cannot under any circumstances consume a certain product (with a food allergy, the reaction develops with a large dose of the product eaten). With a true allergy, the reaction appears at the minimum dose of the product.

Bacterial allergy is manifested in the increased sensitivity of the human body to bacterial allergens. The reason for this is a chronic infection. Bacterial allergies are formed for a long time.

Allergens of bacteria contribute to the development of such diseases as rhinitis, infectious-allergic bronchial asthma, infectious-allergic urticaria.

Critical situations and allergy treatment

Anaphylaxis is a systematic allergic reaction. The consequences of such reactions can be skin rashes, bronchospasm, edema, hypotension, coma or death. - the most dangerous form manifestations of an allergic reaction. A person suddenly has severe itching, shortness of breath, reduced pressure. Signs anaphylactic shock are weak pulse, profuse sweating, pallor.

The main goal in the treatment of allergies is to eliminate the patient's contact with allergens.

There is no medical treatment for allergies. Therefore, people suffering from allergic reactions should reconsider their lifestyle, habits, if possible, change the environment, for example, change the climatic conditions.

Viral allergy is a disease that occurs during various infectious infections. The reaction can occur in people of any age. Its manifestation depends on the type of allergen and individual characteristics organism.

A viral or bacterial allergy is the body's response to the development of an incompletely cured infectious disease.

Allergy occurs when a person is infected with these microorganisms. Also, particles of infected cells can become the cause of the reaction. Most often the development infectious allergy contribute to chronic diseases.

People with the following diseases are most at risk:

dysentery;
syphilis and gonorrhea;
tuberculosis;
plague and anthrax;
mycosis;
brucellosis.

An infectious allergy can develop both in an adult and in a child. Sometimes it appears as a result of taking samples for the presence of an infection in the body.

Symptoms in children and adults

The main signs of an allergy caused by infections are practically no different from the general symptoms of various allergic reactions:

rash, redness and itching of the skin;
sneezing, swelling and nasal congestion;
cough, respiratory disorders;
tearing, redness and swelling of the mucous membrane of the eyes;
disruption of work digestive system, diarrhea, nausea.

Redness and tearing of the eyes - a symptom viral allergy

Allergy to infection in children often occurs after respiratory diseases. The course of the disease is accompanied by:

runny nose;
high body temperature;
difficulty breathing;
cough;
lack of appetite.

There may also be pain in the arms, legs, and abdomen. Sometimes an allergic reaction in an acute respiratory viral infection leads to the development of asthma.

Sneezing, swelling and nasal congestion are typical manifestations of a viral allergy.

It is very important to identify allergies in time and start treatment, as an exacerbation of the disease can lead to complications. In some cases, anaphylactic shock is possible.

The reaction that occurs when taking samples to the presence of an infection in the body can appear immediately. At the injection site, itching is felt, redness and swelling of the skin are visible.

Diagnostics

In order to assign proper treatment identify the type of allergen that is causing the reaction. Initially, a complete history is taken, according to which a possible allergen is previously clarified. All infectious diseases are taken into account.

Identification of the exact pathogen is carried out by skin tests with possible allergen. If there is hypersensitivity to a particular microorganism, then a characteristic redness appears at the injection site.

An accurate diagnosis is made after complete examination.

Treatment

Infectious allergies are dangerous disease, the development of which can lead to the death of the patient. Therefore, when the first signs appear, you should consult a doctor.

The main principle of treatment is the identification and destruction of the allergen, which can be bacteria, microscopic fungi or viruses. Each type of pathogen is treated with certain drugs.

Treatment of allergies caused by viruses

If, after the diagnosis, it is confirmed that the reaction in the body is caused by viral infections, then the treatment is carried out by such drugs:

"Remantadine" - a drug with a pronounced antiviral activity;
"Zanamivir" - antiviral agent neutralizing group A and B viruses.

Remantadine is a drug with a pronounced antiviral activity;

Therapy also includes drugs that include the human immune protein - interferon:

"Grippferon";
"Viferon".

Sometimes used medicines, which contribute to the production of its own interferon in the patient's body. These include:

"Amixin";
"Cycloferon"
"Derinat";
"Neovir".

Used to relieve symptoms of respiratory diseases various drugs cough, inhalers to eliminate inflammatory processes in the throat, drops for the nose.

Treatment of bacterial allergies

To destroy the bacteria that caused the allergic reaction, bactericidal antibiotics are used:

"Amoxicillin";
"Ceftriaxone";
"Aztryon";
"Ampicillin";
"Lorakarbef";
"Nafcillin".

To interrupt the development of bacteria and stop their reproduction, bacteriostatic antibiotics are used:

"Erythromycin";
"Minocycline";
"Azithromycin";
"Tetracycline";
"Dirithromycin";
"Doxycycline";
"Clarithromycin".

These antibacterial drugs do not use for prolonged acute forms infections, as they can only stop the development of microorganisms. Severe bacterial allergies are treated only with bactericidal antibiotics.

Fungal Allergy Treatment

If the culprit of the disease was a fungus, which in turn caused an allergic reaction, then the treatment is carried out with antifungal drugs:

"Nystatin";
"Fluconazole";
"Bifonazole";
"Candicidin";
"Hamicin";
"Oxyconazole";
"Rimocidin";
"Amorolfine".

Therapeutic actions should be aimed at the complete elimination of the allergen. An incompletely cured disease can lead to a repeated allergic reaction, which can bring serious complications.

Elimination of symptoms caused by an allergic reaction

Allergy caused various types infections, has similar symptoms. For elimination accompanying symptoms antihistamines are used

"Suprastin";
"Claritin";
"Dimedrol";
"Zyrtec";
Telfast.

If necessary, use anti-inflammatory, healing, antihistamine ointments and creams that relieve irritation on the skin, eliminate itching and swelling.

Zyrtec is a second generation antihistamine.

Prevention of viral and bacterial allergies

To prevent the occurrence of an infectious allergic reaction, you must follow some rules:

when infected infectious disease do not self-medicate;
at the first signs of infection entering the body, consult a doctor and begin treatment;
accept preventive measures during epidemics of viral diseases;
stick to healthy lifestyle life - playing sports, taking walks in the fresh air, eating right.

Allergy prevention is aimed at increasing immunity and protecting the body from infection with any infections.

A viral or bacterial allergy that occurs when the body is infected with an infection of a different nature is a serious but treatable disease. The main thing is to identify the problem in time and seek help from a doctor who will prescribe the correct treatment.