The pp vitamin is. Vitamin PP: which foods contain this unique substance? Application in various fields

PP is a vitamin that many people know as nicotinic acid, B 3, niacin or nicotinamide. This substance is simply necessary for the human body. After all, the vitamin has a rather powerful healing effect. V traditional medicine a substance is equated to a drug.

Description of the substance

Vitamin PP has several derivatives: nicotinic acid and nicotinamide. These substances have an active form. Nicotinic acid among many drugs, according to experts, is an effective drug that allows you to regulate the level of cholesterol in the blood. This active PP vitamin formula neutralizes heart attacks, thereby prolonging human life.

It should be noted that nicotinic acid is synthesized by the body and accumulates. These processes involve tryptophan. However, one amino acid is not enough for sufficient production. This also requires a certain amount of protein of animal origin.

What functions does vitamin PP perform?

Health depends on this vitamin digestive system person. With the active participation of the substance in the processes of digestion and assimilation of food, peristalsis and intestinal motility are significantly improved, the work of the gastrointestinal tract is stimulated: the pancreas, the liver, the secretion of gastric juice is normalized. It should be noted that vitamin PP has an anti-inflammatory effect.

It's hard to imagine normal work hormonal system as well as her glands without this substance. Vitamin PP is found in many foods. They should be included in your daily diet. After all, when used daily allowance vitamin produces a sufficient amount of insulin, cortisone, thyroxine, estrogen, testosterone and progesterone. In addition, the component is involved in many important processes:

• normalization of lipid metabolism;
• tissue growth;
• lowering blood cholesterol levels;
• the course of acid-base processes;
• regeneration;
• the formation of red blood cells and hemoglobin;
• conversion of sugar and fats into energy;
• the formation of ATP molecules.

Vitamin PP is also useful because, with a sufficient amount of it in the body, migraine attacks are much easier.

Use as a medicine

Why is vitamin PP called medicine? What is it for? This is the only substance among vitamins that is recognized as a drug. In addition, hypovitaminosis of this component is considered a fatal disease. Vitamin PP itself is a medicine for this pathology. Most often, it is prescribed as a stand-alone drug.

Other diseases are also treated with such a drug, including:

• ailments associated with the work of the liver: acute or chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis;
• spasms of the blood vessels of the brain and limbs;
• neuritis;
• high blood cholesterol, as well as atherosclerosis;
• not healing for a long time internal and external ulcers and wounds;
• infectious diseases;
• Harntup's disease, malbsorption;
• fever;
• hyperthyroidism;
• various tumors;
• osteoarthritis;
• diabetes.

It should be noted that vitamin PP is essential for pregnant women. Especially for those who are carrying more than one fetus. Also, the component is required in an increased amount and nursing mothers. In most cases, PP vitamin is prescribed to pregnant women who are drug or nicotine addicted.

How vitamin deficiency manifests itself

• heartburn, nausea;
• dizziness;
• decreased appetite;
• bad breath;
• sore gums;
• diarrhea and other disorders in the gastrointestinal tract;
• muscle weakness;
• fast fatiguability;
• apathy and depression;
• insomnia and irritability;
• headache;
• loss of orientation, dementia;
• dryness and pallor skin, dermatitis and peeling;
• weakening of the immune system, tachycardia, pain in the lower and upper extremities.

Vitamin for hair

Experts recommend using PP vitamin for hair. Nicotinic acid is ideal for the care of curls. However, taking such a drug by injection or orally does not give a positive result in hair restoration. To achieve a lasting effect, you should use liquid nicotinic acid. The vitamin solution is simply rubbed into the hair. There are also special hair masks with this component.

At local impact Vitamin PP observed dilation of blood vessels, improved blood circulation, as well as the transport of trace elements and oxygen to the roots. It should be noted that nicotinic acid accelerates the process of cell renewal. This significantly speeds up hair growth. Due to this property of the substance, the funds in which PP (vitamin) is present are used for the prevention and treatment of baldness.

Nicotinic acid is able not only to affect the hair follicles, but also actively influence the process of pigment production. This slows down the process of discoloration of the strands - graying. In addition, the vitamin makes hair more beautiful and shiny.

What products contains the component

Where to find vitamin PP? What foods contain? This substance is found in almost everything. Products with a high content of this component are both animal and vegetable origin... They should be consumed daily.

What is vitamin PP present in? Where is the substance contained? The largest number vitamin PP is present in animal products. These include: milk, eggs, fish, kidneys, pork, cheese, beef liver, poultry. When choosing products, you should take into account some of the nuances. Most of all vitamin PP is found in squid, mackerel, sardines, chum salmon, horse mackerel, salmon, tuna and pike. As for poultry meat, it is better to buy a turkey, goose or chicken.

As for plant products, to replenish vitamin PP reserves in the body, you should use cereals, wheat germs, yeast, corn flour, dates, legumes, tomatoes, nuts (pistachios, cashews, pine nuts, peanuts), broccoli, potatoes, carrots ...

The useful substance is also contained in herbs. Most of the PP vitamin is found in dandelions, oats, parsley, mullein, nettle, fennel seeds, hay fenugreek, eyebright, hops, horsetail, ginseng, peppermint, chamomile, raspberry leaves, gerbil, cayenne pepper, red clover, cat briar , alfalfa, burdock roots, sage and sorrel.

Are all products the same

It is worth noting that the content of vitamin PP in food is not the same. It all depends on the form in which the substance is present in them. For example, legumes contain vitamin PP, which is easily absorbed by the body. In the case of corn and grains, the substance contained in such products is severe. It is poorly absorbed. It is for this reason that in countries where corn is considered the main source of food, diseases associated with a lack of vitamin PP often occur.

How much should you consume per day

To avoid a deficiency of vitamin PP, it is necessary to consume it daily. The body must receive at least 20 mg of the substance during the day. As for the daily value for children, it should be between 6 and 21 mg. It all depends on the age. An increased amount of vitamin PP is required for young men during the period of active growth of the body. The need for this component also increases with increased nervous and physical stress.

Women during breastfeeding, as well as during pregnancy should consume about 25 mg of vitamin PP per day.

Is there an overdose

Together with food, about 20% of the PP vitamin is absorbed. If, with a normal diet, use nicotinic acid without consulting specialists, then hypervitaminosis may occur. This condition can be determined by the following symptoms:

• rash and itching;
• numbness of the limbs;
• fainting and dizziness;
• arrhythmia and darkening in the eyes;
• nausea and vomiting;
• prostration.

If there are signs of hypervitaminosis, then it is necessary to immediately stop taking vitamin PP. The symptoms of this condition disappear quickly.

Which vitamin complex to choose

Vitamin PP - niacin, the use of which improves the condition of the body. In case of an acute shortage of this component, the doctor can prescribe a complex if there are not enough plant and animal sources. To replenish vitamin PP stores, the following can be prescribed:

• Complex "AstrumVit" - the drug contains minerals and vitamins, including inositol, vanadium, vitamins D and B, antioxidants and so on.
• "MenoFix" - a complex designed to improve the condition of the female body.
• Transfer factor "Cardio" is a drug that allows you to support the cardiovascular system.
• "Diet Support" is a fat-burning complex based on natural ingredients.
• Astrum-Mammi is a complex designed for pregnant and lactating women.

Who is contraindicated in the use of vitamin PP

In some cases, the use of PP (vitamin) is strictly prohibited. Nicotinic acid is contraindicated in the period of exacerbation of certain diseases of housing and communal services: severe liver damage, peptic ulcer duodenum and stomach.

It is also worth giving up vitamin PP for those who suffer from gout, severe atherosclerosis and hypertension. Basis for contraindication nicotinic acid is the presence in the blood of a high content uric acid.

How the vitamin interacts with other substances

In order for PP (vitamin) to be better absorbed, it is recommended to combine it with vitamins of group F. These substances are found in shellfish, black currant, avocado, wheat germ, soybeans, legumes, almonds, walnuts, peanuts, seeds, dried fruits, oat flakes, herring, mackerel and salmon, vegetable oils.

It is not recommended to combine nicotinic acid with ascorbic acid, magnesium, copper and iron. It is best to use vitamin PP in combination with vitamins B 6, B 12, B 1, B 9. These substances allow nicotinic acid to be absorbed quickly and easily. Which has a good effect on the functioning of the body as a whole.

Without vitamins as catalysts of metabolic processes in the human body, its healthy life is impossible. They take care of us and develop, nourish and protect us. Vitamin PP is also among the well-studied by scientists. Let's find out about its opening, functions, sources.

Vitamin PP is essentially vitamin B3. It is also called niacin or niacin. He has such useful properties that doctors equated it with drugs. Nicotinic acid was obtained back in the 19th century, but its identical similarity with PP was learned much later. The name of this substance means "warning pellagra", and pellagra is serious illness characterized by confusion, depression, dermatitis, diarrhea, and even hallucinations. If pellagra is not cured in time, it will be fatal.

It should be noted that this disease in our country is quite rare, but in countries with a low standard of living it is more common. Poor people and alcoholics are subject to it. In the latter case, the disease is called alcoholic pellagra.

The role and significance of vitamin PP

So, pellagra is, perhaps, the rarest disease in the treatment of which vitamin PP is indispensable. the main role niacin in the body is its participation in the recovery processes. It promotes tissue growth, has a beneficial effect on fat metabolism. Vitamin PP takes part in the transformation of sugar and fat into energy, lowers the level of "bad" cholesterol. Of all drugs, it is nicotinic acid that is most effective in regulating cholesterol in the blood. This is confirmed by doctors.

Thanks to this substance, we are protected from diseases cordially- vascular system, arterial hypertension, thrombosis and diabetes. Nicotinic acid saved more heart attack survivors than other drugs. After all, it neutralizes a heart attack, and besides this, it prolongs the life of patients.

Vitamin PP is the basis normal work nervous system. For example, migraines can be prevented or relieved by taking niacin.

Healthy activity of the gastrointestinal tract is determined by a sufficient content of vitamin PP. It promotes the production of gastric juice, liver function, accelerates the movement of food in the intestines.

Nicotinic acid is equally important for the synthesis of hemoglobin and the "birth" of erythrocytes. Unlike other vitamins, this one is involved in the formation hormonal background organism. Without it, estrogens, progesterone, testosterone, cortisone, insulin, thyroxine, that is, the vital hormones of our body, cannot be formed.

In joint diseases, niacin can increase their mobility and significantly reduce pain.

Finally, the calming function of this vitamin is important in mental disorders, anxiety, depression. It improves concentration and inhibits the development of schizophrenia.

Sources of vitamin PP

Nicotinic acid is found in foods of plant and animal origin. It is rich in beef liver, cheese, milk, fish, kidneys, white meat, eggs. But there are many more plant sources of this substance. It is found in carrots and potatoes, tomatoes and legumes, peanuts and dates, and yeast. Rich in niacin, sorrel, rose hips, chamomile, peppermint, ginseng, fennel seed, nettle, parsley.

You need to know that PP can be synthesized in our body, provided that the amino acid tryptophan is present. The body contains enough of this acid when the diet is saturated with animal proteins.

Daily requirement for vitamin

The daily requirement of nicotinic acid for healthy person is 20 milligrams. For children under one year old, this rate is 6 mg, and for adolescents - 21 mg. Boys need more than girls. Physical, nervous stress, pregnancy, breast-feeding require an increase in the daily dose of vitamin PP to 25 mg.

So, heart and nervous system health, cholesterol reduction and good job The gastrointestinal tract is the function of vitamin PP, which is rich in both plant and animal products. Keep track of your diet, and you will not be threatened with a deficiency of niacin. And pellagra - even more so!

We do not always pay attention to the lack of vitamins in the body that are little known to us. However, both deficiency and excess of vitamin PP are very dangerous for humans. Let's clarify the situation a little and talk about this interesting vitamin.

Some information about vitamin PP

Nicotinic acid is vitamins B3, B5, PP, niacin and nicotinamide (nicotinamidum). If we talk specifically about vitamin PP, then it takes place in two forms - nicotinic acid (read also - nicotinic acid for hair growth) and nicotinomide.

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Vitamin PP is found in sufficient quantities in common foods. Therefore, a balanced menu that includes all types of products has an excellent effect on the proper functioning of the human body. But if, nevertheless, it is really felt lack of vitamin PP, then the diet should be enriched following products power supply: beef liver, yeast, broccoli, carrots, cheese, cornmeal, dandelion leaves, dates, eggs, fish, milk, peanuts, pork, potatoes, tomatoes, wheat germ, and whole grains.

Rich in vitamin PP and specifically niacin, some medicinal plants: alfalfa, ginseng, parsley, rose hips, sorrel, horsetail, burdock root, oats, hops, sage, chamomile, catnip, eyebright, fennel seed, gerbil, peppermint, fenugreek, cayenne pepper, raspberry leaves and red clover

The value of vitamin PP and niacin for humans

Whether the stomach and the entire digestive tract of a person are healthy is directly dependent on the presence vitamin PP in the diet(and, accordingly, in the human body). Directly in the digestive tract, Vitamin PP stimulates the liver and pancreas, fights inflammation, accelerates the movement of food in the intestines, and promotes the production of gastric juice.

Vitamin PP plays a significant role in the oxidative and reduction processes of the body, in the growth of tissues and the normalization of fat metabolism.

It also takes part in the conversion of sugars and fats into energy, and also significantly reduces the level of cholesterol in human blood.

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Vitamin PP is very important for the formation of red blood cells and hemoglobin. It participates in the formation of progesterone, estrogens, testosterone, cortisone, insulin, thyroxine - hormones that are necessary for the normal functioning of the human body, many of its organs and systems.

Vitamin PP (nicotinic acid) is vital for the cardiovascular system. It protects against diseases of the cardiovascular system, from hypertension, thrombosis and diabetes.

Even a disease like migraine can be cured (or significantly alleviated) by taking niacin.

Avitaminosis or hypovitaminosis of niacin in the human body is extremely dangerous. Severe failure often leads to a disease such as pellagra (with this disease, depression, hallucinations, confusion, diarrhea, vomiting and dermatitis appear).

The acute form of pellagra can cause mental and nervous complications (encephalopathy of the nervous system). If pellagra is left untreated, it can be fatal.

Also, an insufficient amount of nicotinic acid can cause a disruption in the course of biochemical reactions in neurons.

It has been scientifically substantiated that psychoses of dementia and depressive forms are a consequence of vitamin deficiencyPP... Frank deep depression can be caused by only one factor - a lack of niacin.

With absence correct treatment, secondary deficiency of niacin, as noted by physicians, is observed in inflammatory-dystrophic diseases gastrointestinal tract, neuritis, allergic dermatoses, as well as with lead, benzene or thallium poisoning.

Deficiency symptoms and an excess of vitamin PP in the body

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The symptoms of vitamin PP deficiency can be identified by following signs: for decreased appetite, nausea, dizziness, heartburn, soreness of the gums, mouth and esophagus, bad smell from the mouth, for digestive problems and diarrhea.

It is also possible to determine the deficiency and excess of vitamin PP in the body by disorders in the central nervous system. The patient develops insomnia and headaches, irritability, muscle weakness and fatigue, apathy and depression. For more serious disorders - disorientation, dementia, hallucinations, and even delirium.

It can also be determined by the condition of the skin. With a deficiency and excess of vitamin PP, obvious skin lesions are visible, such as pallor, dryness, redness of the skin, peeling, cracks, corrosive ulcers and dermatitis.

Daily vitamin requirements PP for different groups of people

You need to start giving the vitamin starting with childhood... For young children, the norm of the vitamin per day is 6 mg. Then, with age, the amount (norm) of the vitamin gradually increases, reaching 20-21 mg per day.

It should be noted that adolescent boys need more vitamin PP intake than girls of the same age.

For pregnant and breastfeeding women, the daily intake of vitamin PP should also be higher than for other adults. Whereas the norm for a healthy adult is 20 mg of vitamin PP per day.

Afterword (important)

Each person can easily get the required amount of vitamin from ordinary foods. It is enough just to correctly compose the diet and combine the products in the menu.

During cooking, more than 40% of the PP vitamin remains in the water. It is useful to use this water for main courses, side dishes or sauces. So daily intake vitamin PP with the same amount of food will be more complete.

Vitamin PP (B3, nicotinamide, nicotinic acid, niacin) - is a part widely used in medicine as therapeutic drugs.

The formula of niacin was discovered in the 19th century, but it was not until the middle of the 20th century that doctors recognized it. medicinal properties... Vitamin PP has numerous health benefits that biochemists are slowly continuing to discover to humankind.

The benefits and medicinal properties of vitamin PP (niacin)

It is difficult to overestimate the importance of this biological compound, because vitamin PP is involved in almost all vital processes of the body.

Already in 1950s For years, doctors knew that products containing nicotinamide prevent the formation of cholesterol plaques in the blood, prevent thickening of the walls of the arteries and perfectly fight atherosclerosis and migraines.

The unique biologically active substance promotes the conversion of fats and into energy. Including helps to convert blood sugar, carbohydrates in muscle tissue and liver for later use.

Indications for the use of nicotinic acid

Scientists have identified the antidiabetic properties of this vitamin. Most patients with diabetes mellitus require less insulin injections on a diet enriched with vitamin PP.

Niacin helps in education sex hormones in people with certain sexual dysfunctions such as impotence and erectile dysfunction.

With regular use of nicotinamide, the manifestations of arthrosis are reduced: the flexibility of the joints improves, pain syndrome and puffiness. The lack of a biologically active substance causes skin diseases such as pellagra, bullous pemphigoid and annular granuloma.

For the correct formation of human genetic material, everything is necessary and, however, experts have found a relationship between vitamin PP deficiency and a violation genetic code.

Numerous studies confirm that people who use more niacin-rich foods in their diets are less likely to develop Alzheimer's disease.

Vitamin PP is used in the treatment of depression, memory loss, childhood hyperactivity, hypertension, cataracts, skin inflammation, digestive and intestinal disorders, leprosy, alcohol addiction and even schizophrenia.

What foods contain the most nicotinic acid

Currently, it is difficult to imagine that the body may lack vitamin PP, because the trace element is found in many products. In underdeveloped countries, niacin deficiency manifests itself in conditions of poverty, malnutrition or chronic alcoholism. Below is a list of the most popular foods containing vitamin PP:

Among the largest amounts of water-soluble vitamin PP in tomato, grape and apple. Of course, if you make a sweet drink with your own hands from suitable fruits, you can also find a useful trace element in them.

Cereals, legumes, cereals

Great importance for the body has not only the amount of vitamin, but also the form in which it is. So, for example, in - beans, peas and lentils - it is in easily digestible form... Whereas in cereal plants, it is in a hard, hard-to-digest form. The most popular among the population are buckwheat, barley, pearl barley, rice and semolina.

In the most accessible form, vitamin PP is found in, however, the content of a useful microelement in them is small. The largest amount of nicotinamide can be found in Jerusalem artichoke, potatoes, bell pepper, carrots, garlic and zucchini.

Among and the leaders are avocado, rose hips, raspberries, cloudberries, apricots, peaches and mulberries.

Milk and dairy products

Vitamin PP can be found in almost everyone. We can safely say that eating milk, cheeses, cottage cheese will allow everyone to get the necessary trace elements and maintain health.

Niacin is resistant to all external influences... Nicotinamide withstands perfectly heat treatment, freezing, drying and even conservation.

Vitamin PP can be found in any food of animal origin in sufficient quantities. The leader among them is tuna, swordfish, lean beef and chicken.

Product name	Vitamin PP content (mg / 100 g)
Yellow tuna	19
	15,8
Hen	15
Beef	15
Swordfish	10,2
Sunflower (seeds)	8,34
Mushroom mushroom	7,03
Rice brown	5,09
White mushroom	5
	4,39
	4,18
Chanterelle mushroom	4,08
	3,62
	3,08
Sorghum	2,97
	2,73
	2,61
	2,5
Morel mushroom	2,25
	2,2
	2,2
	2,11
	2,01
	2
Hazel	1,8
	1,61
	1,61
	1,54
Mango	1,5
	1,31
	1,3
	1,2
	1,2
	1,2
	1,1
	1,02
Bulgarian pepper	1,01
	1
Oats	0,96
Kohlrabi cabbage	0,91
	0,91
Peach	0,8
	0,72
Swede	0,7
	0,67
Eggplant	0,65
Mulberry	0,62
	0,6
	0,6
Apricot	0,6
	0,58
	0,51
	0,5
Zucchini	0,45
Cheese	0,4
	0,3
	0,3
Grape juice	0,11
Milk	0,1
	0,09

Nicotinic acid in dietetics and for weight loss

Every person leading healthy image living and observing correct diet nutrition must include vitamin-containing products in your menu. Vitamin PP is especially useful for those who seek to get rid of excess weight , normalize fat balance in tissues and improve metabolic processes in organism.

In dietetics, niacin is necessary to regulate the gastrointestinal tract and accelerate the elimination of decay products from the body. Nicotinic acid takes an active part in fat metabolism, combining with fatty acid molecules and removing them from the body.

Adequate intake of niacin promotes active weight loss as well as improving skin tone and color.

Daily rate B3

Healthy and balanced nutrition is usually sufficient to obtain the daily requirement of vitamin PP. However, you need to consider the daily allowance for each age in order to properly formulate the diet.

Daily norm B3

Side effects and effects of deficiency and excess of niacin

To get into the body deficit vitamin PP, you need to make additional efforts, because it is very difficult not to specifically eat foods containing this biologically active substance. Lack of nicotinamide can be found in patients with chronic alcoholism or the elderly, in whom useful material are already poorly absorbed by the body. Signs of a lack of niacin are:

• decreased general tone of the body (fatigue, apathy);
• vascular disorders (dizziness, migraines, palpitations);
• disruption of the gastrointestinal tract;
• sleep disturbance.

In advanced cases, you can observe:

• swelling of the skin, numbness;
• lack of coordination;
• increased blood pressure;
• headache, tinnitus;

• the appearance of red spots and blisters on the skin;
• burning mouth and increased salivation;
• redness of the oral mucosa;
• diarrhea, loss of appetite, weakness.

Excess vitamin PP in the body can occur if there is a high intake of a useful trace element as an additional supplement during the treatment of a particular disease.

Signs of supersaturation with nicotinic acid are indicated by:

• itchy skin;
• nausea;
• gastrointestinal disorders;
• skin rash;
• fainting conditions.

Nevertheless, excess vitamin PP is very easily excreted from the body, it is enough just to reduce the dosage to eliminate all the side symptoms.

Interaction and compatibility of vitamin PP

Before you start taking medications containing nicotinic acid, you should definitely consult your doctor. Contraindications to the use of niacin are mainly related to the ability of the vitamin enhance or weaken the effect of drugs.

Antibiotics of the tetracycline group should be used separately from vitamin PP, since the absorption and effectiveness of tetracycline will noticeably decrease.

Aspirin is considered to be an antagonist of nicotinamide, therefore, when medications are used together, the effect of both substances is neutralized.

Blood thinners(anticoagulants) in combination with vitamin PP can enhance their effect, which can subsequently provoke bleeding.

Medications that reduce blood pressure... A nicotinic acid enhances the action of alpha blockers, therefore, the pressure may fall below the required rate.

Medications that lower blood cholesterol levels must be taken separately from medications containing nicotinamide, as the effectiveness of both decreases.

Taking niacin during treatment diabetes mellitus must be agreed with the attending physician.

Eating foods containing vitamin PP helps to heal the body, prevent chronic diseases and losing weight.

but self-treatment Vitamin PP preparations can lead to unexpected results, so be sure to consult with specialists beforehand.

Vitamin B 3 (niacin, nicotinamide) - the only one that has been officially assigned the status of a drug, is a powerful antioxidant and participates in all metabolic processes of the human body.

Description

Structural formula of niacin

Has two active forms, closely related and sometimes substituting for each other, and several names. B 3 - since it is the third opened in the family of the B-complex. PP - "against pellagra" - by the name of the disease that develops due to its deficiency. Niacin- by the name of the provitamin. Nicotinamide- by the name of its amide. B 3 and PP are now considered obsolete names.

The organic substance is a white, soluble powder. It is highly resistant to acidic, alkaline media, autoclave (hot steam under pressure), ultraviolet rays... It tolerates storage in frozen, canned, dried form. Excessive consumption of sweets, sugar destroys it.

The intestinal flora of the human body is able to synthesize niacin from tryptophan.

Of all vitamins, only its medicinal properties are appreciated by the medical community, and the drug officially recognized as a medicinal product.

IMPORTANT! For a mild calming effect on the central nervous system the doctors called niacin the "tranquility vitamin."

Differences between nicotinic acid and nicotinamide

Both forms of the substance are able to satisfy the body's need for this biologically active substance, but they have different therapeutic effects.

Nicotinic Acid (Niacin) expands blood vessels, used in diseases of the cardiovascular system. Entering the bloodstream is accompanied by a rush of heat waves, a slight pinpoint burning sensation, redness of the head and neck. Contains herbal products.

Niacin and nicotinamide what is the difference?

Niacin is actually nicotinic acid, the main form of the substance.

Nicotinamide is its amide, the second form of the same substance.

They have identical vitamin activity. However, nicotinamide does not have the ability of niacin to modify lipids, lower cholesterol, and dilate blood vessels. Consider them separately in the case when they are used as two different drugs in order to use their different pharmacological properties.

What does the body need vitamin PP for?

Vitamin B3 is needed by the body for the following reasons:

• Participates directly in redox processes, participant cellular respiration... It is characterized by a pronounced antioxidant effect.
• Involved in all exchange processes, promotes the production of intracellular energy.
• Provides health skin, mucous membranes, eliminates bad breath from the mouth.
• Expands large blood vessels, lowering blood pressure. Increases capillary lumen, providing good nutrition all cells of the body. Inhibits the formation of "bad" and increases the proportion of "good" cholesterol, reduces the amount of lipoproteins, triglycerides. Prevents blood clots by reducing blood viscosity. In general, niacin counteracts atherosclerotic vascular changes.
• Strengthens cerebral blood flow, sharpens attention, memory. Has a mild sedative effect.
• Significantly increases the production of gastric juice.
• Parenteral (intravenous) administration of the vitamin stimulates the adrenal glands. As a result, the production of glucocorticoids increases, which have the ability to suppress local inflammatory and allergic reactions.

When planning a pregnancy

During pregnancy planning, you can take vitamin PP through complex vitamin preparations: Duovit, Vitrum, Biovital, Centrum, Gendevit. There are no special increased dosages during this period: the body does not store vitamins for future use, and an excess of vitamins is no less dangerous than a lack of them.

Daily rate

The daily requirement for a vitamin depends on age (see table).

Table of daily content in the body.

Forms of issue

• Nicotinic acid (niacin) is produced in powder, 500 mg tablets, 1% sterile solution. Analogs: VitaplexN, Nikovit, Pellagramine, Enduracin.
• Nicotinamide - in powder, tablets with a dosage of 5 and 25 mg, in 1%, 2.5%, 5% solutions.

Indications

If the diet is complete, balanced, the body has enough vitamin that enters the body with food. But there are conditions that require additional introduction from the outside:

1. The increased need of the body: when carrying and feeding a child, with severe physical, intellectual, mental stress.
2. Prolonged depression due to a lack of tryptophan, which the body has to spend not on creating a hubbub of happiness (serotonin), but on the synthesis of a vital vitamin.
3. The first symptoms of vitamin deficiency that appeared: persistent headaches, nervousness, weight loss, the skin is pale and dry. If the niacin deficiency is not replenished, pellagra, the "three d" disease, may develop: dermatosis - diarrhea - dementia (inflammation of the skin - loose stools - dementia).
4. Diseases of the cardiovascular system ( arterial hypertension, atherosclerosis).
5. Diseases of the skin and mucous membranes (stomatitis, dermatitis, acne, acne, eczema).
6. Diseases of the digestive system: hypoacid gastritis, hepatitis, cirrhosis of the liver.
7. CNS pathologies: neuropsychiatric and psychoemotional personality disorders: alcoholism, schizophrenia, depression, tobacco smoking.
8. Diabetes mellitus type I.
9. Difficult healing trophic ulcers.

Contraindications

Cannot be applied medication with individual intolerance.

Oral intake: acute period gastritis with increased secretion, gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer; children under 2 years old.

Parenteral administration: unstable arterial hypertension; gout; severe forms atherosclerosis, liver disease; hyperuricemia; children under 2 years old.

Carefully: bleeding tendency; glaucoma; gastritis with increased secretion, gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer without exacerbation.

Side effects

Both oral and parenteral administration of nicotinic acid is accompanied by more or less pronounced symptoms: tide heat wave to the upper body, a slight pinching sensation; nicotinamide does not cause these manifestations.

Subcutaneous and intramuscular administration of nicotinic acid is accompanied by a pronounced local soreness; nicotinamide is devoid of this side effect.

Possible appearance nausea, vomiting, diarrhea; increased blood sugar and uric acid; headache, dizziness; myalgia, paresthesia.

With prolonged use, the development of fatty degeneration of the liver is possible.

IMPORTANT! Fast intravenous administration niacin provokes a rapid decline blood pressure up to the development of orthostatic collapse.

Compatibility of niacin with other vitamins

Nicotinic acid and vitamin C have a positive compatibility. Joint reception with ascorbic acid potentiates action both vitamins. The usual dosages for combined use should be reduced.

Compatibility with B vitamins

Vitamin B1

Nicotinic acid and vitamin B1 have a negative compatibility. Niacin has a destructive effect on thiamine (B 1). Recommended separate reception

Vitamin B6

Nicotinic acid and vitamin B6 have a positive compatibility. Pyridoxine (B 6) facilitates the absorption of niacin, possibly simultaneous reception.

Vitamin B12

Nicotinic acid and vitamin B12 have a negative compatibility. The joint intake of niacin and cyanocobalamin (B 12) destroys the latter. Recommended separate reception with an interval of at least 6 hours.

Taking Roaccutane with Nicotinic Acid (Vitamin B3)

Roaccutane (ROA) - Potent medicinal product- has many limitations, side effects and special instructions. Patients undergoing ROA treatment should be under constant medical supervision. Only a dermatologist decides on the need to prescribe additional drugs.

The use of nicotinamide in cosmetics

• Nicotinamide is used as a potent antioxidant that relieves skin irritation. Protects the skin from the action of ultraviolet radiation, acts as a stimulator of cell metabolism, improves its blood supply.
• It is part of products that care for irritated, sensitive, aging or pigmented skin. It has proven itself well in the treatment of rosacea and acne.
• Contains nicotinamide sunscreens, bath and shower products, mouthwashes.

The use of niacin for hair growth

Vitamin, niacin, is recognized as an effective and low-cost stimulant Hair Growth... The result of exposure is an improvement in blood supply hair follicles, their complementary food. Niacin helps to retain moisture in the hair, preventing it from drying out, eliminates dandruff and seborrhea.

Mode of application

Apply the solution from the ampoule to the roots of washed and dried hair, massaging the skin (the hair itself does not require processing) and put on a warming cap. Keep for 1.5 - 2 hours. If the substance is injected as an ingredient in the mask - no longer than 30 minutes. After the required time has elapsed, rinse with warm water.

The frequency of procedures is 2 times a week, the course is 30 days; repetitions of courses are possible at two-month intervals. Daily dose when used externally, it is 4 ampoules (or 8 tablets crushed into powder).

IMPORTANT! Local allergic reactions are possible! Before use, you need to make a skin test: apply to the skin of the wrists with inside, withstand 60 minutes. Monitor the reaction (itching, burning, redness, swelling). If there are manifestations, then this remedy is not for you.

What products contain

100 g of porcini mushroom contains 8.5 mg of vitamin PP

The highest content (more than 10 mg per 100 g of product) is in the liver, cheeses, yeast, offal (heart, kidneys), coffee beans.

Vitamin B3 is present in some herbs: burdock root, chamomile, raspberry leaves, red clover, parsley, peppermint, rose hips, sorrel, ginseng, fennel seeds.

For a complete table with products, see a separate article:

Useful video

Video about the benefits and dangers of niacin for hair:

Conclusion

Niacin (nicotinamide) - medicine... WITH therapeutic purpose use it only as directed by your doctor. The use of complexes containing vitamins in standard dosages does not require medical supervision.