Childhood microsporement: symptoms, treatment and prevention. Microsporia (ringworm) in people medicine from the scalp microsist

But sometimes such fun play a cruel joke with small researchers. After all, B. environment There are many causative agents of infectious, fungal skin diseases. The immune system of the crumbs is not yet ready to cope with the abundance of infections. So there is such a disease as a microsporia, or ringworm.

Parents are important to know what a microspor is and how to warn it. After all, many unpleasant situations may not happen to the bluer if moms and dads will be vigilant and will protect their child. Need to understand what the skin disease is directed to when you can do folk medicineAnd when you need to beat the alarm and run to the doctor.

Microsporia or ringing deprived?

Ringing is called a highly painful fungal disease, nails and hair. But it is not entirely true to call a ringless deprived of the microsporia, because the pathogens are deprived of several. If the reason for the damned became the mushrooms of the genus Trichophyton, then the disease is called tricoephyte. When infected with microSporum fungi, a microspor appears.

Children most often occur in the microspor, because the disease is very infection, and it is transmitted from pets and from sick people. Triudochi can be infected exclusively from a sick person.

For the perpetrators of the appearance of fungal skin lesions in children include Microsporum fungi. Scientists allocate more than 12 kinds of fungi of this kind, the most common of which is Microsporum Canis.

Fungus is highly resistant to external environment And it is capable of infecting others for several years. There is a pathogen in her hair, animal wool, dust or skin scales.

Finding on the skin, the fungus is introduced and forms its colonies in hair Lukovitzoh. This happens both on the surface of the head and in the hair lows of flush hair throughout the body. Rarely, the microspor appears on the palms, footsteps and nails, although there is no hair follicle.

The most susceptible to the disease children of preschool and school age. In adults, the disease occurs much less often, which is associated with the properties of immunity of adults.

Although the microsporography refers to highly affordable diseases, not all children are infected with fungi. There are certain risk factors, the combination of which increases the possibility of infection several times.

The risk factors for the development of fungal skin diseases are such.

1. The disease is more common in children with chronic diseases, weakened immunity.
2. For the development of fungi need sufficient humidity - warm and rainy weather. Therefore, the rise in the incidence of microsporia is celebrated in spring and summer - in May, June and in the fall - in September, October.
3. Adverse sanitary and hygienic conditions of child accommodation contribute to the spread of the pathogen.
4. Increased sweating, toddler skin moisture - Excellent reproduction medium fungus.
5. Hormonal problems - hypothyroidism and diabetes mellitus.

How is the contamination of the microsporement?

Microsporia is an infectious disease, which most often sick animals.

Hurt fungal disease can both home and wild animals. Among the pets of the microspory are subject to cats, dogs, rabbits, cattle, and among wild - foxes, sands, monkeys.

To infect the microsporement, it is not necessary to directly contact with animals. It is enough to enter the skin of human wool or scales with surrounding items, for example, when leaving or feeding a pet.

Children most often grab the disease when contacting contaminated cats, kittens, less often - when communicating with dogs or through infected leases.

Danger represents both a sick microsporia person who highlights the pathogen into the environment. For children, the source of infection is often a sick child, for example, playing in a sandbox or attending a children's team.

It is possible to infect patients with family members, when communicating with items infected with fungus clothes. It is dangerous to use one comb or to wear a headdress of a patient with a microsporia.

Under the observance of the rules of hygiene, carefully washing the disease can be warned. The hitting of mushrooms on the surface of the skin of man does not speak of the inevitability of the disease, although the risk of becoming to get high.

Incubation period during microspori in children

The incubation period can vary. It depends on the variety of MICROSPORUM fungus, hesitates from 5 days to 6 weeks. But most often the development of the disease occurs after 1 to 2 weeks from the moment the fungus hit the skin.

Classification of microspori in children

From the type of fungus

Depending on the type of MICROSPORUM fungus, epidemiologists allocate the following types of microsporia.

1. Zoonotic microsporia. This type of microsporia is caused by fungi, whose main owner is animals. Infection occurs when contacting animals or with care.
2. Anthroponous microsporia. Infected anthroponous microsprichi from a sick person. This form is characteristic of children, children's teams, kindergartens, schools. It is enough to touch things on which hair or scales, containing the disputes of mushrooms, and the development of the disease occurs.
3. Geophilic microsporia. The causative agent of the disease is a microSporum fungus that lives in the soil. The child may become infected, dripping in the ground, disgraced by the arms of mushrooms.

From localization

Depending on the localization, the location of the area of \u200b\u200bthe lesion is distinguished by the following types of illness.

The first symptom of infection is the appearance on the skin of a small spot of round or oval shape. The affected area has clear boundaries and rises a bit above the rest of the skin. Doctors call it a spot of defeat.

Gradually, the area of \u200b\u200bthe lesion is increased, the stain becomes larger, dense to the touch. The outer edge of the lesion is swelling, is converted to a roller, which consists of crusts and bubbles. In the center of the focus of defeat inflammation, on the contrary, it decreases, the skin acquires a pale pink color and covered with scales.

It happens that the fungus re-enters the ring and infects the skin again. Then in the middle of the hearth appears a new stain of the round shape, and then the ring. Repeated infection They may be repeated, then the form of the hearth resembles a target and consists of several rings, which is very characteristic of anthroponous microsporia.

Foci are located on upper limbs, neck, face, in the place of deployment of the pathogen. The diameter of the spots varies from 5 mm to 3 cm, but sometimes foci reaches 5 cm. Located near the courts can merge, forming extensive skin lesions.

This infection does not cause expressed unpleasant sensations The child often flows painlessly. There are even abortion forms when clinical manifestations Microsporia is not expressed, and the skin remains pale pink, the affected area does not have clear boundaries. Pronounced pain and itching indicate a serious inflammatory process in the lesion focus.

For children under 3 years old, the erythematous-edema form of the disease is characterized. This form is characterized by the appearance of a red, edematous hearth with pronounced signs of inflammation. Peeling and the appearance of scales is not typical for microsporia in children, these manifestations are minimal.

Scalp

If the fungi fell on the baby's hair, the microsporography of this area develops. This localization is typical for children from 5 to 12 years and is rarely found in adults. This feature of the hair follicles of adults is explained.

With the beginning of puberty hair follicles Acid produce, which does not allow to develop microSporum fungus. Therefore, there are cases of spontaneous cure of the disease in children who have reached the puberty period.

The disease of the microspor is very rare in children with red hair, the reasons for this are not yet known.

The defeat of the scalp is manifested by the formation on the painter, the patterns and the temples of the lesions. On the head you can see the stains of a rounded or oval shape with clear edges.

After the dispute is hit on the skin of the scalp, in the place of the lesion, a small peeling plot is formed. Hair in this place is surrounded by ring-shaped scales. After a week, it is easy to detect hair damage in this area. Hair is losing color and elasticity, easily break, leaving only fragments of about 5 cm long.

The affected area is an island, a group of hair fragments covered with a grayish raid. A large amount of pathogen is in the hollow and in scales located on the skin of the scalp.

The number of affected areas of the scalp usually does not exceed two. But small secondary screenings appear between the lesion foci, with a diameter of up to 2 cm.

The defeat of areas devoid of hair follicles, nails, palms or stop is very rare. At the nail microspory on the nail, the baby is formed a gray spot, which grows, increases in size. Over time, the color of the spots change to the white, and the nail plate loses its properties and destroys.

From the depth of the defeat

Depending on the depth of skin lesion, the following types of pathology are distinguished.

• superficial microsporement;

Damage to the skin with this form is superficial, mainly the upper layers are damaged. The peeling microsporement and redness of the skin appears. When spreading the fungus on the skin of the scalp, the hair is dropped and the hauling of the hair. Surface microsporement is most often found in children with anthroponous infection.

• infiltrative-valurating microsporia.

With severe ingunning form of microsporia, the process of inflammation penetrates deep into the tissue. The skin forms focal fragments covered with guns. Under pressure to the place of the defeat, purulent exudate is released. The well-being of the patient with an ingoing form is violated.

Microspor diagnosis in children

To set the correct diagnosis, a doctor-dermatologist is needed. The specialist conducts an inspection of the affected skin and the scalp. The doctor then conducts a survey and establishes the possibility of contacting the child with a patient with microsporia or infected animals.

The final diagnosis is established after additional research.

1. Dermatoscopy and microscopy. To see the fungus under the microscope, the scraping from the affected skin or hair fragments is taken. When considering leather scales, the threads of mycelium, the body of mushrooms are detected. On damaged hair, a large number of mushroom disputes are determined.
2. Cultural research. More accurate diagnosis, assign treatment and determine the prevention will help sowing scales or hair on nourishing medium. After 2 - 3 days after sowing in a cup of Petri, the colonies of fungi appear. By appearance colonies can be determined by the type of pathogen and choose a treatment that accurately affects this species fungus.
3. Luminescent study. Using the Wood lamp, you can quickly define the disease in the child. The affected hair with a luminescent study begins to glow green. A prerequisite for diagnosis is to purify foci of lesion from ointments and crusts, conducting a study in a dark room.

Thus, only an experienced doctor can accurately determine the cause of the disease, to properly diagnose and appoint effective treatment.

Treatment of microsporia in children. General principles

To quickly cure a microspor in a child, you need to start therapy on time and correctly choose antifungal treatment. Long-term inefficient treatment or smoothing of symptoms of disease by folk remedies leads to the suppuration of foci of lesion and frequent recurrences Diseases.

How to treat microsporement in children, can only determine the dermatologist.

Therapy various shapes Microsporia has its own characteristics, but the principles of treatment are similar.

1. If the fungus struck only the skin, and the powder hair was intact, then the use of local drugs will be enough.
2. If amazed maspress part Heads or symptoms of infection are visible on flush hair, we need to take antifungal drugs inside.
3. Treatment with drugs against fungal infection continues in the same dose during the week after the disappearance of the symptoms of the disease. This measure prevents the recovery of the disease.

Treatment of smooth skin microspor

For local therapy, ointments, creams and solutions are widely used. The most popular use of ointments containing antifungal drugs. For example, Clotrimazole, hatchonazole, bifonazole. Antifungal cream - lamisyl, which has a pronounced antifungal effect. It is recommended to process the affected area 2 - 3 times a day.

If the doctor has discovered a pronounced inflammatory process at the place of lesion, combined ointments are prescribed. In addition to the antifungal component, the composition of such ointments includes hormonal agentsreducing edema and inflammation that reduces itching. In case of severe ingoing form of the disease, ointments are often used containing antibacterial drugs, for example, trieders.

Treatment of the scalping microspor

The therapy of this form of the disease should be started when the first symptoms appear to prevent the formation of a cosmetic defect on the head in the child.

It is necessary to chant the hair from the affected area daily and process the lesion lesion with antifungal ointments or put the plaster with the griseofullvin. Head until the end of treatment needs to wash 1 - 2 times a week.

Integrated treatment of the disease must necessarily include the reception of antifungal drugs, which is most often appointed by griseofullvin. The overall treatment course lasts about 1.5 - 2 months.

The duration of the treatment of microsporia, dosage and multiplicity of drug intake determines the doctor. Incorrect or ahead of time, the finished treatment often leads to a re-occurrence of the disease.

Prevention of microspori in children

1. Compliance with personal hygiene. The child should be accustomed regularly wash his arms, use the individual towel, comb. Explain to the baby that you should not exchange mittens, headweed with other children.
2. Prevent contact with infected animals. Warn the baby that homeless animals can carry the disease, do not allow the kids to play with them. Carefully examine the pets in time.
3. Medical inspections in preschool institutions. To prevent the disease in children, it is necessary to identify and isolate patients with microsporee in time. A child with fungal lesions of the skin must be treated in the hospital, and his things need to be disinfected.
4. Quarantine events. In a kindergarten or school, which is visited by a child, a quarantine duration of 2 - 3 weeks is introduced.

Conclusion

Microsporia in children is a highly disconnected, often occurring disease. You can infect illness from both pets, cats and a sick person. Therefore, the main method of protecting the baby from the microsporium and fungal infections of the skin is the observance of personal hygiene and prevent contact with the source of the disease.

If the disease overtook the crumb, you must refer to the doctor. Not proper treatment Or his delay leads to the spread of the disease and frequent relapses. To warn the disease simply, you just need to know the basic rules and be attentive to your child.

Childhood microsporement - extremely infectious disease: if in children's garden The case of the disease was recorded, the room is subject to mandatory disinfection. The same measures are important to observe at home - a room where the child lives must be contained in perfect purity, his personal belongings and toys are subject to additional processing, if there are animals in the house, they are in obligatory It is necessary to examine the veterinarian.

Causes and symptoms of microspory in children

Microsporia - this is a fungal disease in which smooth skin is affected, and the skin of the scalp; In rare cases, nails amazed. The disease is very contagious for children.

A micrograph develops fungus, called "microsporum" in the skin. The source of distribution of this fungus is a sick microsporee person or pets (cats, dogs). Infection can occur through the items as he used.

The general condition of the child does not suffer. The first symptoms of microsporia in children - appearance on smooth skin, on the skin of the scalp proper form Rounded or oval, towering over the surface of the skin of pinkish rosewood or rollers. Between themselves these rings are usually not merged. On the surface of the rollers are visible gray-haired flakes. The hair in the foci of microsporia is rolled around at an altitude of 4-5 mm from the skin surface.

As can be seen in the photo, during the microspori in children, the hairs affected by the fungus may look like a slightly sprinkled with flour:

In other cases, a bright flake is found at the base of the hairs, which is called a shaped cuff. Inflammatory phenomena. In the foci of the microsporium there is itching.

Microspor prevention measures in children

In order to avoid dissemination of the microspor, various events are held. Basic measures for the prevention of microsporia in children - teaching kid to the right to communicate with animals: the child should know that such contacts may be unsafe. After the child stroked the cat or a dog, he should wash his hands. It is unacceptable for the use of other people's items - such as a comb, nasal handkerchief, etc. You can not put on someone else's clothes.

If the child appeared characteristic symptomsAt the time of treating the microsporium, it should be isolated from others. From the room intended for the patient of the microsporement, all items that are not subject to disinfection are needed - carpets, paths, habitats, rag toys. All pets, with what child could contact, are examined by a veterinary doctor, first of all - cats and dogs. All items used by the sick child and who are needed to care for it are stored separately and after use are necessarily disinfected; These are scissors, combs, brushes, dishes, etc. Dirty underwear of the disease (both competent and bed) is stored separately from the linen of other family members; Separately, this underwear is boiled, erased and stroked. In those rooms where the child had previously had (for example, in kindergarten), disinfection is carried out.

Than to treat microsporee in children: folk methods

What to treat a microsporement in children - a doctor appoints. There are folk remedies for the treatment of microscopy, the most effective of them are listed below.

• Apply to foci of lesion napkins, moistened with fresh onion juice of the onion.
• Lubricate the foci of lesion to tincture of flowers lilac; Preparation of tincture: 2 tablespoons of dry flowers pour 100 ml of 70% alcohol and insist for several days, strain.
• For folk treatment Microsporia can be worn several times a day to wash the lesions of the leaf of the grass with a large herb; Preparation of the beam: 1 tablespoon of dry grass pour the glass of water and boil on low heat for 10-12 min., cool, strain; Alternate with other means.
• Another effective one people's method treatment of the disease - making areas of lesion by proprolis oil; Cooking: 15-20 g of propolis chopped with a knife, pour 50 g of any vegetable oil and heated on a water bath or in the oven before boiling oil, periodically stirring, put it with oil boil 2-3 times; Wax will fall on the bottom of the dishes, and propolis is dissolved in oil; When the cooked oil cools, it is necessary to accurately drain from the sediment.

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The shock of the scalp is found when a person notices a red spot on the skin. Microsporia is very easily transferred, but is treated for a long time. To start medical events quickly, you need to know how the ailment manifests itself. When symptoms are found immediately refer to the doctor.

What is a microspor in humans

Microspor disease - skin disease. It causes his human infection with a MICROSPORUM genushkom, which is very contagious and widespread. Most of them are located in an easily accessible place: in the soil, on the surface of plants and animals. These bacteria can develop their affecting livelihoods on smooth or hairproof areas of the skin. In the second case, the disease causes hair loss and celebrated on the skin. Often there is a microspor in children. Kids have more contacts with pathogens and insufficiently formed immune system.

Forms of the disease

A person can infect 2 types of microsporia:

• Surface. It is characterized by the defeat of the upper layers of the skin. Coverings are subject to clinical changes in the form of stains with peeling, and the hair cover in this part is either absent or the hairs break. The ailment, which appeared as a result of the activities of anthropophilic fungi, is easily transmitted between people.
• Internal (subcutaneous), which is transmitted from animals. In this case, mycelium fungi penetrates deeply, forming inflammatory processes, purulent formations, oppressed condition of the body.

The microspor is manifested in the following forms:

• strikes the skin of the scalp and smooth skin;
• skin cover and vegetation on the face (in men);
• purulent education appear.

Causes and ways of infection

Purchase a microsporus can when contacts with infected animals, people or life items. These fungi are very survivors. They can be active for several months and years. The danger of infection from animals with each new carrier is reduced because human skin It is not a natural environment for this microorganism. If the appearance of anthropophilic, it can cover large groups. Especially his influence is subject to children who have insufficient hygienic skills, weak immunity, Frequent contacts with each other.

In adults, the microsporement occurs significantly less frequently. They have high stability immune system, Internal protective factors against fungi, correctly carry out hygienic events. Changes in the structure of the scalp helps significantly reduce the possibility of damage to this area. A ringless deprived does not arise in all cases of contact with an infected object. The formation of microsporia depends on the type and concentration of fungus, immunity and other protective properties Human organism.

Symptoms of microsporia

Determine the presence of the microspory of the scalp can be the following features:

• red spots on the head;
• baldness, hair fragility;
• flat peeling spots on the skin;
• increased lymph nodes;
• black spots;
• excessive skin oroging.

Diagnostics

The scan of the scalp is diagnosed with the following studies:

• Laboratory. Reading hair samples taken from the skin of the smear, epidermis particles.
• Woodwis lamps. This study is based on the fact that fungi is found under the action of UV lighting. So you can diagnose the microsporia quickly and accurately.
• Histological. It helps to determine the fungal infection and the degree of inflammation it caused. For analysis, scales of the surface layer are taken from the affected area and painted.

Treatment of microspori in humans

Fungal diseases The scalp is treated under the control of the dermatologist. Medical events Do not require hospitalization. It is possible only to establish a diagnosis or with complications. The process of eliminating the microsporia is often delayed, so it is important to use comprehensive treatment, which includes:

• common;
• system;
• local;
• folk.

General

This part of the treatment of microsporia is characterized by the following events:

• shaping hair at a distance of 1 cm from the boundary of the affected skin;
• washing the scalp several times a day;
• control so that the skin is not transferred and not heated strongly;
• providing the body with vitamins, useful substances by eating and drugs;
• using only personal personalities and objects of hygiene.

Systemic

The mycosis of the scalp is treated with systemically antifungal drugs, which, absorbing in the intestines, are spread through the body with blood. This ensures the elimination of pathogenic microorganisms. Systemic therapy is mandatory because it can be eliminated not only from external signs Microsporia, but also infection inside. The basis of such a process is drugs: griseofullvin, terbinafin.

Antifungal ointment for skin

How to treat the fungus on the head is local:

• Ketoconazole (apply 1-2 times / day, course - 4-6 weeks);
• Clotrimazole (twice a day);
• Salicylic acid and gray (smearing the skin in the evening, until the symptoms disappear).

How to treat deprive on the head by folk remedies

The scalp microsporia is facilitated by such folk remedies:

• Garlic vinegar. For the preparation of several crushed zubs, fill 2 tbsp. apple vinegar. To get therapeutic infusion, leave the mixture for 1-2 weeks. During this time you have to shake the tool a couple of times. Plant drug You need to wipe the skin of the lesion. If you want the action to enhance, add to the mixture before using camphor oil (2-3 drops).
• Garlic juice, released with longitudinal cutting of vegetable. They need to rub the place of appearance of microsporia. Perform such manipulations in the morning clock once per day. Additional effect will provide skin lubrication with birch coal or plantain.
• Broth, the basis of which is a marine fish. It can become component of ointment. Make the welded broth, take 0.4 liters. In the liquid, place butter And crushed to grater garlic (2-3 heads). After mixing all the components, apply the substance to the skin at the place of damage to the microsporement for half an hour-hour, winding the bandage. It is necessary to make the procedure for 2-3 times / day.

Content

This infectious disease of fungal nature is often found among the patients of dermatologists. The pathogens of the microspory in humans, as a rule, are striking their hair and skin, less often - nail plates, while the foci of infection is infected and itch. The prevalence of ringing deprivation is due to the fact that the infection is resistant to different factors And it is capable of living long in the environment.

What is microsporia

This is a skin pathology of the group of mycoses caused by the fungus of the genus microsporum. Focis can occur both smooth and hairpiece. Embeding into layers of epidermis, fungal infection forms colonies in hair follicles, but occasionally the disease can affect the areas of the skin, devoid of vegetation - palms, feet, nails. A ringless deprived is very infectious, with the main carriers of pathology are sick animals.

Cats, dogs, rabbits, horses, goats can be sick. Pigs, sheep and different wild animals (foxes, monkeys, tigers, etc.). At the same time, contact with a sick beast is optional: enough and hits the human or scales on the body or other inventory. The transmission of the ailment from a sick person is healthy is not excluded, and the infection can occur when interacting with untreated clothing sick some time ago.

What does man look like - photo

First, a reddish stain of a round shape appears on the human body, having clear boundaries and slightly towering above the skin. Shortly thereafter, the periphery is formed a roller, which is covered with crusts and the smallest bubbles. The fungus grows up to 3 cm in diameter, the center of edema spots pale and covered with seven-haired flakes. As a rule, the microsporia in people is manifested by the formation of 1 to 3 foci with localization on the face, neck or upper limbs.

Causes of the disease

Cause disease Anthropophilic microorganisms - Microsporum Canis Mushrooms. There are several types of infection pathogens, but for a person only two are rusty and dog microsporums. The causes of the disease are due to the routes of its transfer:

1. Interaction with infected animals. Both pathogenic microorganism can get to the body when contact with sick beasts, especially cats, dogs, pigs or sheep. In these cases, the original disease is manifested, which is transmitted from a person to a person, however, with a smaller probability, therefore collective outbreaks of a ring-raging debris caused by dog \u200b\u200bmicrosporum.
2. Contact with a sick person. As a rule, rusty microsporum is transmitted between people. This pathogen relates to a group of anthropophilic microsporium bacteria, that is, mushrooms that live on the human body. Such a form may cause collective outbreaks of the disease.
3. Interaction with things. You can get infected with anthropophilic or zoonotic microsporia when contacting the objects on which mushroom disputes are contained. Nevertheless, it does not always get into the skin of the pathogen of pathology causes the development of alend, especially in adults. The likelihood of damage to the organism is a fungus depends on immunity, the presence of predisposing factors of the type of high sweating of the skin, different skin diseases, non-compliance with hygienic rules.

Development mechanisms and risk factors in children

The rapid spread of infection in children's teams is associated with their high susceptibility to fungi due to an insufficiently developed immune system, as well as with the absence of personal hygiene skills. The risk factors for the occurrence of illness in the child are:

• weakening of immunity due to frequent colds;
• contact with homeless animals;
• failure to comply with the rules of hygiene - eating without preceding hand washing;
• weakly developed skin immunity (in adults in the skin cavity contains special organic acidsoverwhelming the reproduction of fungi);
• frequent skin injuries (abrasions, cuts, wounds, racks), contributing to the spread of the infection pathogen by the body.

Characteristic symptoms

This disease is different, each of which has excellent duration incubation period. So, the animal and geophilic forms of the disease do not show symptoms within 5-14 days. When infected with the anthropophilic type, depriving, the incubation period lasts much longer - 4-6 weeks. Pathology has a pronounced inflammatory response. If the pathogen is anthropophilic fungi, the first symptoms will be noticeable already after 35-45 days, while lesions will be moderate.

On smooth skin

Often a ringless deprived of the skin of the shoulders, neck, face, forearm. At the same time, a person appears 1-3 focus with a diameter of 2-3 cm. In the field of infection, an elevated spot of red tone with clear edges appears. Over time, the location of localization is raging and the case (roller) is formed in its edges, the surface of which is covered with small nodules, crust and bubbles. The center of the hearth acquires pink color, covered by bored flakes and becoming like a ring (rich-red it remains only the contour).

On the scalp

As a rule, the foci fungus appear in the temporal areas, on the pattern or painter. The colony looks like this: a central spot with a diameter of up to 5 cm and smaller (up to 1.5 cm) on its circle. During its growth, the sick focus can absorb closely arranged small spots. The microsporia of the scalp in the initial stage forms a zonal peeling.

With close consideration of the place of the defeat, you can see the whites "cuff" around the hair growing inside the hearth. This testifies to the reproduction of infection in the hair cuticle, which in a week leads to their clouds. Damaged short having singish raidHairdryrs serve as a refuge of mushrooms. The modified location of such hair "hemp" is preserved when stroking, unlike healthy hair.

The head of the head in the lesion zones is hyperemic, edema and covered with small scales of grayish or white color. During the week, the disease progresses and the hairs are laid out at a distance of 4-6 mm from the skin. In areas of the location of the disease, the hair looks bends, so the pathology is called ringingly deprived.

On nails

This type of fungus is extremely rare. This form of the disease is different from other symptoms, which is due to the specific location of the lesion:

• a gray spot is formed on the edge of the nail;
• gradually, it changes the color, becoming white;
• nail, affected by mycelium, becomes fragile, quickly destroyed.

Features of the course of the disease

Infection infection occurs instantly. Once on the skin area, the fungus is introduced into it and begins the process of active breeding. With the localization of infection near the hair onions, the disputes begin to germinate, gradually destroying it (this explains the rapid hair loss of the hair). When symptoms are found, it is important to immediately begin the therapy of infection.

A person's microsporer manifests itself equally in all cases. The first sign of the disease is education on the skin of inflammatory foci. They have this kind:

• convex, as if a little swelling;
• pink or red;
• having clear rounded boundaries.

The subjective sensations with such a disease are almost always absent, but some people have a certain force of moderate strength. In patients with certain skin characteristics, for example having atopic dermatitis, Feeding signs can be blurred - fungus, like a secondary infection, for a long time is masked for exacerbation of dermatitis, so it is difficult to diagnose it.

Vigorative form

it serious diseasecaused by zoe mushrooms affecting, as a rule, animals are dogs or cats. With late, improper treatment, the lesion spreads to the deep layers of the epidermis and is accompanied by an active inflammatory response to the formation of purulent infiltrates. For severe course Human pathology is formed a large purulent focus, the temperature rises, develops general ailment. Symptoms of the valve form of the disease:

• strong inflammation in a focus of infection;
• the formation of soft nodes of a blue-reddish shade;
• the coating of their surface with glans, with a pressure on which through the holes flows their contents.

Suitable disease

Kerion is a form of a disease at which the fungus is striking the deep layers of the epidermis, inflammation develops with the formation of a purulent focus. As a consequence, a large, elevated silence spot with a shiny surface appears. The pores are expanded, when pressed through them, the pale yellow rose. Undage accompanies intoxication syndrome, high temperature, headaches. If the pathology arose in a child, he can complain about soreness in the field of infection. The lymph nodes are inflamed, hurt when palpation.

Diagnostics

Pathology is accompanied by specific symptoms, so during an inspection, the doctor puts the presumptive diagnosis. However, it is necessary to clarify additional researchincluding:

1. Luminescent method. In a darkened place, the affected areas of the body are illuminated using a special Wood lamp. In the foci, a bright green glow is visible, which indicates the activity of fungi.
2. Microscopic studies. If the microsporement of smooth skin sections is suspected, the doctor takes the scales of dead skin on the analysis, during the disease of the scalp, the hairs are studied. Through microscopy, Soskoba can detect myceliums and disputes of mushrooms.
3. Cultural diagnostics. Such a study helps accurately establish the type of pathogen and determine its sensitivity to those or other groups of drugs.

How to treat

Therapy is carried out under the supervision of a dermatologist. As a rule, pathology does not require hospitalization, therefore spend ambulatory treatment. To control the course of the disease, you need to regularly visit the attending doctor. Hospitalization may be necessary only if there are concomitant ailments. The therapeutic course can last for a long time, which is associated with the increased resistance of the fungus to antibiotics and other types of preparations. In this regard, the treatment scheme of bacterial infection is integrated.

Due to the use of different therapeutic methods, it is possible to quickly destroy the causative agent of the disease and prevent the likely recurrences. Cosmetic defect After the disease, it may remain even for a long time, sometimes requiring additional help of the cosmetologist. The main methods of treatment are:

• the use of systemic drugs;
• use of local agents;
• folk treatments.

The peculiarities of the treatment of the scalp part of the head are needed to gradually suffocate the vegetation on an affected deprive of a plot once in 7-10 days. This will achieve the best access to the infection hearth. In addition, the patient must be observed hygienic and other rules:

• regardless of the location of the stains, wash the skin of the head around it several times per day;
• avoid supercooling or direct impact sun ray to lesion foci;
• limit physical exercisebecause the sweat hit on the treatment area is undesirable;
• take vitamins, balance the diet to strengthen the immune system;
• use exclusively personal hygiene products - towel, washcloth, comb.

The treatment of microsporia in deep form implies immediate complex therapy for the disease. The patient with such a diagnosis is shown tools comprising in the composition of the domexide, for example. In these cases, a 10% hyping solution is used. During the damage of long or fluttering hair, systemic antifungal therapy of skin disease is necessary.

Than treat

Selection of suitable drugs is carried out exclusively by a dermatologist after the diagnosis of pathology. With damage to the fungal exclusively smooth skin of sufficient therapy will be the use of local means. The designated lotions, solutions, ointments and sprays are applied to the skin until its complete cleansing from stains. The treatment of microsporia in humans during localization on the hair part of the head implies another tactic. In this case, antifungal drugs are carried out inward and simultaneous use of local agents.

Antimicotic Griefullvin with systemic treatment

When therapy on the scalp, this agent is a selection drug. The antibiotic is produced by a mold mushroom. It is accepted 3-4 times a day during meals, drinking a teaspoon of vegetable oil, which is necessary to improve the solubility of the medication and increase its action. For kids up to 3 years, it is better to give griseofullvin in the form of a suspension. Uninterrupted reception is carried out until the first negative result of the microsoid analysis, after which 2 weeks the medicine is accepted every other day and 14 days twice a week.

Systemic treatment implies oral administration of antifungal agent, which is absorbed through the mucous membrane gastrointestinal tract And spread along with blood flow through the body. So the drug enters the deep layers of the epidermis and kills pathogenic microorganisms. The inner effect of the griseofullvin helps to eliminate the external manifestations of the disease, but does not exclude recurrences. Plus the medication is its high efficiency.

The general course of therapy of the Griezofulvin is 1.5-2 months. At this time, it should be 0.5-1 cm hair on the affected heads of the head and often wash your head, trying to avoid water from entering the foci of infection. The disadvantage of the drug is side effects that sometimes manifest themselves in patients - these are headaches, allergic reactionsdiscomfort in the pancreas area. In addition, griezofulvin has toxic action On the liver, therefore, contraindicated children, patients with hepatitis or other human pathologies.

Terbinefin and Tolnaftat

These medicines are on a fungus Fungistatic and fungiinitid effect. Due to the direct impact on the causative agent of the disease, they serve as the basis of a microsporium therapy in humans. Consider each drug in more detail:

1. Terbinefin. Antifungal agent wide spectrum Actions are intended for treatment different types fungi and lichen. Terbinefin can be used for both local and systemic therapy. The fungistatic effect of the medication is due to ergosterol deficiency, which entails the defect of the cytoplasmic membrane and the loss of the body's mushroom's ability to increase. Fungicidal action is carried out by accumulating in the cell of Ergosterol precursors - squalens, which are extracted from cell wall lipids. Due to the increase in the volume of lipid granules simultaneously with the development of inferiority, the membrane is rupture of the mushroom cell. Internal reception means is carried out if the ailments cannot be cured with local means. The necessary dose of the drug is calculated taking into account the mass of the patient's body. Pros of terbinafin - it is relatively safe when systemic treatment And universal, since it is effective against many types of pathogenic fungi. The disadvantage of the medication can be considered the likelihood of development. side Effects - Allergies, gastrointestinal disorders, violation of the function of biliary tract, liver, etc.
2. Tolnaftat. it active substance Antifungal local means Hinofungin, which is produced in the form of ointments, powder, cream, solution and spray. Tolnaftat is prescribed at various dermatomycosis, degrading. Apply the remedy twice a day, covering the foci by a thin layer and rubbing into the skin. As a rule, treatment takes 2-3 weeks, after the disappearance of symptoms, the use of the drug continues a couple of weeks. Pluses of rollerftat - efficiency, extremely rare manifestation of side effects. The minus funds is a ban on application during pregnancy, lactation.

Local antifungal agents

Funds for local treatment Microsporia There is a lot, while they are produced in the form of gels, ointments, creams, solutions for a skimmer. Such medicines have a similar effect - purify the skin, preventing the development of microorganisms, create optimal conditions for the restoration of the skin, have antifungal effect. Regular use of these drugs contributes to accumulation in skin cover active substancesAs a result, the medicine penetrates into deeper layers of epidermis. For therapy, deprived:

• Tolmitz - derivative of thiocarbamates, destroys trudodoes, microsporums and other pathogens of skin diseases;
• Herbenhane - a means based on isokonazole is often used to treat depriving, different mycoses and other fungal-bacterial pathologies;
• cream Triederm - a local hormonal drug, which comprises a dipropionate, gentamicin and clotrimazole in betamythazone, is used in mikosach and microsporia, removes swelling and hyperemium of the skin;
• Lamizil - terbine-based remedy effectively destroys many types of fungi, including depriving pathogen, violating their biochemical processes at the cellular level.

Sulfur-based ointment

Local products with sulfur content have anti-inflammatory and antiseptic effect. Such drugs are available in tubes and glass bubbles that do not miss the sunlight. For therapy, deprived:

1. My ointment. Combined agent with acricade and antifungal properties. The preparation, except sulfur, includes salicylic acid, lizol, tar, zinc oxide, lanolin, turbid, etc. Ointment of the holes destroys the pathogens of tricochy, scabies, microspory.
2. Sulfuric ointment. It has antiseptic, anti-inflammatory effect, due to which the fungi destroys and contributes to the speedy regeneration of the skin.
3. Sulish salicyl ointment. Antimicrobial local application medication used to treat various dermatological diseases, Included. Ointment has fungicidal, bacteriostatic and keratolithic properties.

Milk Videl and Pasta Lassar

Both local drugs are applied as part. comprehensive treatment Leving in adults and children. Funds are applied to the skin several times during the day, massage movements rubbing in the affected areas of the dermis. Regardless of similar actionEach drug has its own characteristics:

1. Lassar pasta. This is a salicyl-zinc paste with antiseptic, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and dry effect. Like other means with zinc oxide in the composition, the lassar paste is used as a local anti-inflammatory drug, which reduces irritation, inflammation of the tissues and forming the local protection against penetration of secondary infections.
2. Milk Vidial. The tool is a mixture of boring, salicylic acid, camphor, sulfur and glycerin. The medicine destroys pathogenic microorganisms, normalizes the pH of the skin, has a itching, keratolytic, anti-inflammatory effect.

Vitaminotherapy and reception of immunomodulators

For speedy recovery and preventing disease recurrences, doctors recommend to the patients to add the diet with products rich in vitamin and minerals, due to the lack of which there may be problems with skin regeneration, hair. Avitaminosis often becomes the main reason for the occurrence of microsporia and mycoses in a child and adult, which is determined by a decrease in immunity during a lack of vitamins.

To quickly eliminate the shortage of certain substances in the body, long methods of vitamin complexes can be assigned. In addition, doctors often write to patients with skin pathology immunomodulators, helping to intensify immunity. At the same time, the dosage and treatment regimen is selected exclusively by a specialist, since the independent use of such drugs is dangerous to the occurrence of severe adverse reactions.

How many long-term treatment

Depending on the severity of the disease transmitted by contact path, therapy may continue from a few weeks to a pair of months. After the end of the course of treatment, the damping of the patient again makes the scraping on bacterial sowing, collecting material from skin sites, where there used to be a hearth disease. Such a study is carried out three times - immediately after the completion of treatment, after another week and after 2-3 months. If all three analyzes show a negative result, the disease is considered cured.

Prevention of microspori in children

To prevent a ringing deprivation preventive measures It is extremely important because without compliance with sanitary and hygienic rules, the risk of rapid proliferation of infection is high. Since there is no vaccination from this species skin pathology, It is important to detect deprive the child in a timely manner and isolate it for the treatment. The prevention of the disease should include:

• periodic examination in children's teams;
• disinfection of household items, things that can dwell the spores fungus;
• raising a child, including an explanation, why can not be torn homeless animals;
• regular visit to the veterinarian for inspecting pets.

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Attention! The information presented in the article is familiarized. Articles do not call for independent treatment. Only qualified doctor can diagnose and give recommendations on treatment based on individual features Specific patient.

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Among the high-contagious dermatological pathologies One of the leading places is occupied by a microsporium or how to call a ringless deprived. It is caused by pathogenic fungi from the genus Microsporum.

Depending on their type of type, the disease is manifested by peeling stains on smooth skin, propellanes in her hair on the head or dull whims on the nail plates.

What is a microspor?

In the people, the microsporement is often referred to as ringworms, because in the foci of the lesion, the bite hair reminds "Yershik" - a short haircut.

Microsporia is a kind of ringing deprivation.

Now, under the term "ringing lisha" imply two diseases at once - actually microsporement and trico. The first causes the mushrooms of the type of MicroSporum, the second - fungi of the type of Trichophyton, but both of them relate to one genus, have similar pathogenesis and clinical manifestations.

How is the microspor?

The disease is transmitted exclusively to the contact-household pathway - either from a sick person or an animal, or through the homeworcraft, which hit the spore fungus.

The specific mechanism of infection depends on the type of pathogen. There are three of them:

• zoophilic - carriers are homemade and stray animals;
• anthropyl - source of infection - a sick person;
• geophilic - contact with soil containing mycelium fungus or sorted by his disputes.

However, even hitting the skin, the fungus does not always cause a microsporement. It can simply be washed with water during hygienic procedures or destroyed by the immune system.

Provocating moments contributing to the development of the disease, serve:

• the presence on the skin of microtrams, diaper disposals, coams or scuffs - "entrance doors" for fungus;
• weakened immune system;
• dry skin and imbalance of its microflora.

The combination of such conditions allows the fungus to penetrate into the skin and start actively multiply there.

Microsporia in children

According to statistics, children sick haulingly deprive more often than adults. And this is quite explained. They are more in contact with domestic pets. And their sebaceous glands do not yet produce some organic acids that can neutralize the pathogenic fungus. But in all the rest of the microsporement, children do not differ from similar pathology in adults.

Types of microsporia

A ringless deprived classified at several criteria. Depending on the localization of the pathological process, defeat is distinguished:

• smooth skin;
• scalp;
• nail plates.

Depending on the source of infection, the following types of fungi distinguish:

• zonosic (infection is transmitted by contacting a person with animals);
• antoponous (infection is transmitted from man to person);
• geophilic (contact with infected soil).

By the nature of the pathological process:

• surface shape (the lesion does not affect deep layers of the skin);
• exudative shape (from spots on the skin there is a liquid - the result of an inflammatory response in the tissues);
• infiltrative-valurating form (inflammation affects deep layers of skin, the affected areas swell and become dense, and from the hearth begins to perform a mine due to the attachment of the secondary bacterial infection).

With a weakened immunich, a long-term microsporus often acquires a chronic form.

Basic and specific manifestations of microsporia

The incubation period of the disease varies greatly, and this period directly depends on the type of pathogen. When infected with a zoophilic or geophilic variety, it is 5-14 days, and anthropophilic - 1-1.5 months.

Despite the fact that the microsporium may be caused different species fungi clinical picture All forms of the disease are almost the same.

The main symptom is the red stains of the round or oval shape, which gradually pose and covered with whiten flakes. Each such center is surrounded by a peculiar roller, which, as if hesitates it from healthy skin sections. Over time, a new spot can be formed inside it, and then the lesion zone becomes like a target.

Spots gradually grow in diameter. If there are several foci nearby, they can merge, forming one large peeling spot. Itching and discomfort most often do not bother patients.

Deterioration of the general condition in microsporia, an increase in body temperature, increasing regional lymph nodes Characterized only for infiltrative-valuable forms of the disease.

Smooth skin microsporography

The disease occurs in surface form, mainly on the face, neck or shoulders, 1-3 rounded red spots with clear boundaries appear. A few days later they are formed in the form of a dense roller. Spots may increase in size, and if they are close to each other - merge.

The subjective sensations of rash does not cause, only occasionally patients can complain about weak itching. As the disease progresses the disease, the lesions are pale, become pink, their middle is covered with whitish scales. When re-infected in the center of the area surrounded by roller, a new spot can be formed. Then the hearth acquires the type of target.

Features of the course of the disease in patients of different categories

• Small children. Pathology proceeds in erythematous-edema. Red spots swell, inflamed, but practically do not flag.
• Persons suffering. The stains of the microsporia are strongly infiltrated as a result of an inflammatory response. The skin in the lesion is thickened, becomes dense. In this place, there may be a violation of pigmentation.
• Women prone to hirsutism (excessive hair growth). Pathology can affect deep skin layers. Externally, the lesion foci have the form of dense red-colored nodes with a size of 2-3 cm.

Scalp

Most often, such a form of microsporia is found in children. This is due to the fact that the hair follicles in adults produce acids that can inactivate the fungus.

The clinically disease is manifested by carriers on the head in the hair. They have a clear border, but sometimes small areas of secondary lesion can be formed nearby.

Initially, a small stain is formed on the head, which begins to peel. If you look closely, you can see that all the hairs of the root wrapped with scales in the form of a cuff. After a few days, the fungus penetrates each hairs in a focus, as a result of which they become dull and easily rolled. In the zone of the damage, the peeling "Ershik" is formed. The skin under it is inflamed and covered with gray scales.

In addition to the classic picture of microsporia, sometimes more rarely encountered forms of the disease are found, which differ in rather severe flow.

• Infiltrative shape. As a result of the inflammatory reaction, the spot blushes, swells and rises sharply over healthy skin.
• Vigorative form. The focus of the lesion acquires a blue-bug-bug, on its surface small pustulas are formed - bubbles with purulent content.
• Exudative form. Spots are hyperemic and edema. On the surface due to the separation of serous fluid (exudate), which literally glues flakes, a rigid thick crust is formed.
• Trihofitoid form. A multi-sized part of the head is formed by many small foci of microsporia. They are weakly peel and do not have clear boundaries.
• Seborrheic form. Its difference is the breaking of the hair in the area of \u200b\u200bthe defeat, and not the formation of a short "rash" with clearly defined boundaries. To see the fragments of hairs, you can only remove the yellowish crusts in the focus.

All these forms of microsporia proceed with changes in the overall condition of the patient - an increase in body temperature, an increase in lymph nodes, soreness and itching in lesion foci.

Nail microsporography

Is a rare view of the disease. The lesions are affected by the nail plates, the possible damage to the skin of the palms and the soles. Next to the nail in the growth zone, a stain is stained, which has the shape of a crescent. In this place, the nail plastic becomes soft and fragile, and over time it is simply destroyed.

Anthroponous form of microsporia

This is a form of a disease that is transmitted only from an infected person. During the defeat of smooth skin, rounded red spots appear. They are always covered with scales, and on the edge is limited to inflammatory roller.

The centers of the scalp microsist microspory are most often located on the border of hair growth. That is, one half of the spots captures smooth skin, and the other is in the hairpiece. Sections of destruction of very small sizes, peeling, with broken hairs. But they are very prone to merger and often form a big spot of irregular shape.

Zoono and geophilic forms

The rash on the smooth skin is manifested in the form of multiple specks of small sizes with clear boundaries. They are covered with whitish scales. Over time, their diameter increases, and inside the old focus, which has already turned pale, is formed new.

Stains acquire the view of the ring in the ring, which is the main distinctive feature Microspori from other lichen.

The foci of lesion in the scalp is different big sizes and clear boundaries. In their center, all the hairs are broken, and the "enshik" is covered with a peculiar white "case" consisting of fungal dispute.

How do microspor diagnose?

The diagnosis is usually not difficult. The patient's survey is a visual inspection of the hearth with the help of a luminescent Wood lamp and several laboratory tests. In her light, the lesion areas acquire a bright green shade.

An additional way of diagnosis is scraping scraping with smooth skin and fence of broken hairs from the lesion focus on the head in her hair. Under the microscope on the scales will be visible the threads of mycelium, and in the thorns - the arms of the fungus.

After these two studies, culture sowing is carried out, which helps to clarify the type of fungus and select the most effective drugs. However, this method of diagnostics resort infrequently, since the growth of the fungal colony takes the time at least a few days.

Basic principles of treatment

In the fight against the microsporement, drugs can be used, both for outdoor use and for oral administration. What therapy scheme to give preference depends on the degree of skin lesion.

If the hairs are not affected, the spots of the microsporia are simply lubricated with ointments, creams or sprays until they disappear. These are mainly preparations with terbinefin (for example, lamisyl, terribsis), as well as ointments containing sulfur, salicylic acid or tar.

If the pathological process involves hairs, experts recommend combining the use of external antifungal agents with oral administration of drugs - griseofullvin, terbinafin, itraconazole or their analogues.

If a secondary infection has joined the pathological process, it is best for external use to use combined drugs, which include not only antifungal, but also hormonal components.

During the course of therapy, the patient should strictly follow the rules of personal hygiene and enjoy individual life objects. His things should be stretched in water with a temperature of at least 600C. This is quite enough to destroy the fungus and his disputes. All surfaces with which in contact with the patient must be wired disinfectant, and hygiene items boil (if possible).

Features of the treatment of the scalp microspor

Therapy of this form of microsporia is only comprehensive. At the same time, external and oral antimicotic drugs are used.

For reception inside, the specialists are prescribed Griezofulvin, Tarbinafin, Itraconazole, etc. Tablets. In addition, twice a day, all foci of lesion should be lubricated by antifungal agents. If there is inflammation on the skin, the processing is carried out with a hormonal ointment, since it has a powerful anti-inflammatory effect.

Before starting to use the antifungal drug for external use, all broken hairs must shave in the damage zone. Subsequently, this should be done at least twice a week until the course of therapy end. When washing the head for the period of treatment, you need to use shampoos with antifungal component or tar soap.

Features of medication therapy in children

The diagram of the treatment of microsporia in a child is similar to therapy in an adult. But the choice of oral preparations due to their rather high toxicity is very limited.

Experts often stop their choice on terbinafine and other medicinal productswhich it includes (lamisil, terribizl, etc.). If necessary, they may additionally assign hepatoprotectors - drugs that protect the liver from the influence of various toxic substances. External drugs to combat ringworms are applied to the same as adults.

Basic prevention measures

The prevention of microsporia is primarily a regular examination of children, learning their rules of personal hygiene and restricting contact with stray animals. Such measures contribute to the timely identification of the cases of a harsh depriving and preventing further dissemination of the disease.

All the faces who live with a sick member of the family should be examined with the help of a Wood lamp, and animals in the house - twice vaccinated vaccine from dermatomycosis.

Microsporia - pathology, the treatment of which lasts a few weeks. Throughout the entire period, it is necessary to comply with personal hygiene rules. Often, domestic pets become the culprits of trouble. However, it is not necessary to scold a child for excessive attention to the animal or urgently get rid of the pet. Patience, attention and proper treatment will help defeat the disease.