Does the hepatitis C virus in saliva. Hepatitis with hepatitis

You can easily look at three things - how the fire burns, how the water flows and how the liver processes alcohol.

To imagine the work of the liver, try drinking five to six glasses of juice per minute, while clearly and accurately calling the varieties in the rumor: it's apple, it's grape ... Ensure once - death.

This is how the liver works: every minute she misses 1.2 - 1.5 liters of blood. This is despite the fact that in total blood organism from 4 to 6 liters. And not only misses, but also cleans it from a variety of poisons, kills microbes, and simultaneously engaged in other affairs.

Curious

The very name of the organ comes from the Slavic verb "Furnace", that is, to influence fervor: in a fresh corpse due to intense metabolism The liver to the touch seems to be more warm than the surrounding authorities.

At the same time, there are several vital functions on the liver (scientists call them "vital"). Observe the entire list:

1. blood formation (fetus and small children);
2. synthesis of essential (essential) substances for the body, including structural and transport proteins, enzymes, factors of blood, carbohydrates, fatty acids, hormones, cholesterol;
3. neutralization of poisons of internal and external origin;
4. neutralization of biologically active substances after they disappear;
5. synthesis of bile pigments, production and selection of bile;
6. urea synthesis, as the final product of nitrogen exchange in the body;
7. vitamin exchange - the liver directly participates in the metabolism of vitamins A, B, C, D, E, K, RR, folic acid;
8. maintaining the constant volume of circulating blood (by the way, it is the lack of blood volume that constitutes the problem with a hangover, and not at all dehydration as a whole);
9. the destruction of microorganisms falling into the blood through the intestines;
10. isolation of alien and unnecessary substances from blood in bile to remove them through the intestines. For example, excess cholesterol can be removed from the body only in this way.

There are other functions, but let's stop at those who are important for further conversation.

How the liver neutralizes external and internal poisons

Where does the poisons come from in our body from which it is necessary to get rid of? We do not eat poisonous products deliberately? There are two ways:

1. Around us a lot of different chemical compounds. They are alien for our body and are called xenobiotics. However, they are great for us: we eat them, they breathe, apply as medicines. Unfortunately, among them there are also poisonous (toxic) substances. But nothing terrible: in the process of evolution, we have met with them many times, and therefore they learned to neutralize them in time and remove them from the body (this process is called detoxification).
2. Some poisons are formed directly within us. They are formed as a result of normal, vital important processes in our body. Just now, these substances have already served their own and more we do not need: these are spree products of hemoglobin, steroid hormones, catecholamines and other substances. They are called metabolites.

And with internal, and with external poisons, the liver is spread equally:

1. First, these substances or oxidation subjected to (disconnects the electrons from them), or to the restoration (on the contrary, the electrons are attached), or hydrolysis (decomposes when interacting with water).
2. And then to these obtained active chemical groups, some substance joins: for example, glucuronic acid, sulfuric acid, glycine, glutamine, acetylate or others. Such reactions are called conjugation reactions, and the process of attachment of substances - conjugation.

In all reactions to the neutralization of toxins, the NADP coenzyme (NODF, nicotine-adenindinucleotide phosphate) and molecular oxygen are used. Some of the most key reactions for neutralization is:

• hydroxylation (connection of OH-group);
• epoxidation (addition of one oxygen atom at the same time as two adjacent carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon chain);
• sulfocose (addition of oxygen to the sulfur atom in the molecule);
• deelling (replacement of the CH3 group to hydrogen);
• restoration of nitro compounds (replacement of oxygen atoms due to hydrogen nitrogen).

As an example of how the liver neutralizes external poisons, Consider the neutralization of benzene. Benzene is formed in a thick intestine along with other intestinal poisons. This is an incomplete digestion of protein. In particular, it is formed when you snack alcohol with meat. Benzene, together with the blood of the Vienna, enters the liver. The working cells of the liver (hepatocytes) are attached to the benzene of a hydrogen atom and an oxygen atom, which is why benzene turns into another substance - phenol. Then this phenol is connected to glucuronic acid and forms a phenylglucronid soluble in water, which can be easily derived from the body with urine, then, saliva, etc.

But there is here and minus: nADP coenzym, which helped us to spend this reaction, passed into an oxidized shape, and cannot immediately hold exactly the same reaction if toxic substances continue to do. That is why it is necessary to eat moderately: if the NADP coenzyman has already neutralized the first kebab stick and went to a well-deserved rest, then the new portion of the kebab is not surprised and will poison your body until the morning.

Example neutralizing internal poison It may be served to neutralize the bilirubin, which is formed from the hem (the active part of the hemoglobin molecule containing iron). Bilirubin is a toxic connection, especially for the brain. But in the liver it connects with glucuronide and it turns out a non-toxic form of a substance that dissolves in water and is relatively easily derived from the body. As with the neutralization of benzene, the restored form of the NADP coenzyme is also consumed here, turning into an oxidized one. Bilirubin is closely related to the formation of biliary pigments. That is why the increase in the concentration of bilirubin in the blood to the level 2-3 mg / dl and more, determines the yellowing of the skin, mucous membranes, the scool of the eyes during the symptom of jaundice, in particular, with toxic and viral hepatitis.

Alcohol and liver: all nightmarish details

And now about how exactly the liver alcohol is harmful. It turns out, much as very different.

• Toxic action: Alcohol and its decomposition products harm liver cells directly. Alcohol is able to dissolve in water, but he also knows how to dissolve fats (amphilism). It is due to this property that it beats well through cell membranes, which, by virtue of its nature, are subject to similar toxins.
• Stagnation bile and liver cell reaction to inflammation: Alcohol disrupts bile, and most bile acids (more below) can harm cells. When bile is stirred in the liver, its working cells (hepatocytes) begin to damage and die. Worse: the whole picture complicates the work of the pancreas, and there are harmful microorganisms from this in the intestines. Impaired microbial equilibrium in the intestine, in turn, leads to the appearance more Toxic bile acids, which are absorbed into the blood, but cannot be sufficiently neutralized by weakened liver.
• Autoimina reaction: When the liver cells begin to decay more often than usual and cell membranes are often destroyed, the genuine system of the body, which is always ready to fight alien organisms, begins to beat "beat". Changed under the action of alcohol and painful processes its protein is taken for someone else's, and killer cells, trained on the destruction of someone else's contagion, begin to destroy liver cells. It turns out a vicious circle that can only break the means that will stop both external and internal cells by cells.
• Oxidative stress: In the process of processing alcohol liver, it turns into toxic acetaldehyde, while free radicals are distinguished into the body, which are able to damage the oxidation of the liver cell. What is interesting, the cell is not that the diesel directly under the action of free radicals: they simply start earlier the mechanism of natural, programmed, cell death (apoptosis). Exactly the same, by the way, occurs under the action of alcohol with neurons - brain cells: they will not "dissolve" completely in alcohol, as many believe, but die, because the damage membrane launches the death of the entire cell.

Is it possible to drink alcohol when problems with bile

With the lesions of the liver, including due to drinking, anyway, any of the above liver functions may suffer. But when it comes to drinking, it is worth paying attention primarily to the function of neutralizing poisons and the synthesis of bile. Glashes with hangover restore digestion, and also help to avoid problems with the liver and pancreas.

With deleted bile bubble You can drink impossible alcoholic beverages in moderate quantity and no snack.

When dyskinesia of biliary tract, it is necessary to know your type of diskinesia. At hypocinezia, such a scheme is recommended: a gallstone, then light food, and only after that - alcohol in moderate quantity. With hyperkinesia, it is necessary to drink fastening alcohol without a snack.

Do you need to clean the liver from slags?

There is no need.

We have prepared a separate interesting article about this on the site.

Hepatitis C is a disease that people aged 20-30 years old. BUT B. recent times The carriers become more older than older people. The virus can be in human blood or in other biological fluids, for example, in saliva, urine, sputum, sperm, nasopharynx. It is worth noting that hepatitis C is one of the most dangerous viruses for a person who destroys the liver very quickly.

It is transmitted by a parenteral manner, that is, through blood. It is possible to infect hepatitis C in the following cases:

• on examination in the gynecologist;
• with sex contact;
• when using one injection needle with several people;
• during surgical operations;
• when contacting animals;
• in the bite of bloodsowing insects;
• from the mother's infected mother during birth;
• when working with infected human fluids.

Is it possible to get used through saliva

Many people are interested in the question: "Is hepatitis from saliva transmitted?". The answer to it will not be quite unequivocal, since the risk of transmission of the disease in this way comes down to a minimum. But still there are a lot of cases of such a variant of infection.

Doctors around the world long years Digured the path of transmission of hepatitis C through this biological fluid. But thanks to the last experiments, it was possible to identify that such a risk of infection is still relevant.

Scientists twenty years ago conducted an experiment, the result of which the confirmation of the fact that the saliva contains only a small amount of the virus, which is often not enough for infection. But it is worth remembering that every organism is individual and for some people this quantity will be enough to become infected. The virus penetrates into saliva and is transmitted only to it if the disease is chronic.

And if in the mouth (on the gums, language, mucous jack), a healthy person has wounds and damage, then the virus can be infected through the saliva of the patient or the carrier of the disease. Based on this, it is not necessary to think that the disease is not transmitted in this way. According to physicians, a greater risk of transmission occurs after the use of one toothbrush with a healthy and infected person than in a kiss.

After all, when cleaning teeth in the bristles, blood particles may remain, which are invisible to the naked eye. It is in them "sits" the hepatitis virus. Through the microtraumas of the mucous membrane of the healthy person, the virus is transmitted to the blood, creating conditions for infection with hepatitis C. It is worth noting that the virus is resistant to different media, and even on the brush can be maintained up to four days. That is why each person should have personal instruments for oral hygiene.

If a person in the oral cavity does not have damage, it is almost impossible to get infected with this disease through a kiss.

Factors affecting hepatitis infection through saliva

The probability of infection with this disease through saliva with a kiss depends on several factors. First of all, from such:

1. Damage to B. oral cavity Healthy man.
2. The state of the immune system.
3. The stage of development of hepatitis C in the patient.
4. The amount of fluid infected.
5. The presence of concomitant diseases.

The resistance of the virus is determined by its genotype, it is possible to live with it all life either cure in the initial stage. To avoid infection, you need to avoid situations under which the virus is transmitted.

The transmission of the virus occurs through blood, uncontrolled sexual contacts or non-compliance with hygiene.

To delete infection with hepatitis C, you need to stick to the rules:

Chief Principle The prevention of infection with the hepatitis C virus is the avoidance of the contact of blood into the blood.

Permanent visit to manicure and pedicure salons is fraught with hepatitis infection. Most often hung hepatitis with drug addicts, the virus is transmitted through an infected needle and goes into chronic staging Diseases. Manipulations with infected blood when surrendering analyzes can provoke the risk of infection of medical workers.

The body is transferred at the initial stage asymptomatic, therefore it is most often diagnosed with severe liver lesions, cirrhosis, with injuries and injuries with bleeding. This is explained by long incubation period Virus, which complicates the diagnosis of symptoms. Infection of hepatitis C can occur during the period of childbirth, from mother to child or during gynecological procedures. A virus is transmitted from bloodsowing insects.

The probability of infection through a kiss

Studies of scientists have proven to be infected through a kiss or saliva, since the virus is transmitted through blood and skin CoversPeople with oral cavity diseases are potentially dangerous.

Even if the concentration of the virus in the human saliva is negligible, the probability of infection is present.

Gum diseases are able to become a seating for bacteria, the virus is transmitted even through a light kiss. Failure to comply with the rules of hygiene and the use of other toothbrushes - and hepatitis C will be one hundred percent in the human body. The mucous membranes of the oral cavity can be bleeding, the consequence of which will be infected.

In the absence of bleeding wound in the oral cavity, the likelihood of infected is insignificantly small. If only both partners have gum damage, there is a very big risk to get sick through a kiss. It matters which amount of the virus is contained in the saliva of each person, and how the virus load is transferred by the body.

Sustainability of the virus K. external environment It preserves its viability outside the body about 4-5 hours, not to mention the freezing, when a virus's life can be supported in a row. The human saliva can be infected through the use of someone else's toothbrush, from the carrier of the virus. Particles of infected blood abandoned on the brush fall into the mouth of a healthy person, and the bacteria begin to multiply.

The effects of infection with hepatitis with

The result of infection may be noting in acute period The flow of the disease or during the chronic stage. Infection hepatitis occurs gradually, within 10 to 200 days, it depends on the time of penetration of the virus and the presence of concomitant diseases. The acute phase of hepatitis is carried out in particularly severe form, rare cases of deadly outcomes are recorded.

Complications after hepatitis:

• acute form hepatitis A;
• cirrhosis of the liver;
• acquisition of chronic hepatitis;

The most unpredictable course of the disease is asymptomatic hepatitis C, sometimes it is impossible to establish a true source of illness and the beginning of the incubation period. With the right earlier diagnostics, it is possible to complete cure, and the liver comes in normal condition. Hepatitis with retreats and the immune system The organism is restored.

It is very difficult to predict whether complete recovery occurs is very difficult, in some cases it is impossible. Depending on the severity of the form, remission may occur. Chronic hepatitis is transferred for 6 months, long-term treatment may be accompanied by a long viability of the virus. All this time, the risk of serious complications remains. A virus is transmitted from carriers, during the examination of which the signs of an existing virus are constantly present in the body.

Nowadays, there are many diseases subject to human danger life. Hepatitis B is considered one of them. It at least reduces its quality and causes tangible damage to health.

Hepatitis B - inflammatory diseasehitting the liver. The causative agent is a virus that can for a long time live in external environment. It is perfectly preserved in the smallest drops of blood - even at the tip of the needle, which shook the patient a few days ago, remains a viable pathogen. Once in the body, he launches the disease in a few hours, a maximum of 4 days.

Hepatitis causes the fracture of the liver with its own immunity. The hidden phase, from the moment the virus fall into the body, can last until six months. Approximately half of the cases are subject to asymptomatic, the rest are characterized by the yellowing of the skin (jaundice). In this case, both options are contagious, regardless of the flow.

When developing the disease, symptoms of intoxication, diarrhea and vomiting prevail. Hepatitis has a tendency to the transition to the chronic stage when the resistant lesion of the liver is developing. There is a big risk of liver cirrhosis, and alcohol consumption aggravates the course of the disease.

Compared to HIV, the hepatitis virus is increasingly 100 times, despite the fact that the transmission mechanism is the same. About 5% of the population sick hepatitis in Russia.

The causative agent penetrates all biological fluids: saliva, cum, urine, blood, female selection. Infection is parenterally (bypassing the digestive tract). There are the following types of virus in the body:

1. artificial,
2. natural.

Artificial path - the pathogen is transmitted through medical and dental instruments, with manicure, pedicure, applying tattoos, the implementation of piercing, that is, is associated with all the actions accompanied by a disruption of skin integrity.

It is possible to get a virus to a person when overflowing blood and its components, although such cases are ever less often due to increased control over the hemotransphus.

Most often, artificially transmitted to the disease among drug addicts. With the introduction of psychotropic drugs and mixtures in such a society, as a rule, individual syringes are not used and the Asepsis rules are not followed.

Natural path - infection through sexual contact, contact with household objects. Also, the virus is transmitted from the mother to the child during childbirth, when passing through generic paths.

This path of infection has recently been found more often, which is connected, on the one hand, with amplification preventive Mer In therapeutic and cosmetic institutions, and on the other, - with the increased number of indiscriminate sexual relations and, as a result, infected with pregnant women.

Disease and Relationship

Kiss - an intimate moment in a relationship that can be crumpled by the idea of \u200b\u200bthe possibility. It is proved that the virus content in saliva is insignificant, and it is almost impossible to get sick through the kiss, except in cases of disruption of the integrity of the oral mucosa when the kiss can lead to hepatitis. It is necessary that the damage in the oral cavity is both in the patient and in a healthy person. If there is only a bleeding wound from the infected one, and its partner is absent, the kiss does not entail the development of hepatitis.

The probability of getting a virus in saliva is very small. This is observed only in the acute phase, and it is not always.

It is much more dangerous, from the point of view of infection with hepatitis, sexual bond, which contributes to the transmission of the pathogen, especially when damaged mucosa or the skin of the genital organs. Therefore, it is worth preferred by such contraception methods as condoms. The probability of infection with hepatitis with sexual intercourse without protection is quite low - about 30%, but it is not a reason for refusing contraception, because the risk is not excluded! Ideally, a potential partner is preferably pre-test for the carrier of the virus.

Choosing a healthy life satellite - best Prevention Hepatitis B.

Frequent cases of hepatitis among men non-traditional orientationSince it is much easier to get infected through anal sex.

Domestic hepatitis is transmitted with discharge and blood under the condition of the integrity of the skin. So, if the patient cuts into a razor, then it will remain a virus, and healthy manUsing this subject will be infected. The same principle works with toothbrushes, comb and other care products. Washheads, towels and clothing can maintain a virus contained in the patient's discharge.

Individual things and personal hygiene objects are a necessary condition for the protection against hepatitis B.

Aerially drip, that is, through sneezing and when conversation, the disease is not transmitted. Also quite small risk of hepatitis in the child during feeding it breast milk Sick woman.

Treatment

The main therapy is aimed at combating intoxication, that is, poisoning of virus vital activity. Specific treatmentassociated with the destruction of the virus is usually not carried out, but vitamins and drugs are prescribed to increase the overall immunity. The patient is important to switch to gentling nutrition: to completely eliminate alcohol, fatty, sharp and very saline dishes, drink more liquid. It is not worth working or going to study before improving. When moving the disease in the chronic stage, it makes sense to the appointment of antiviral drugs, the reception of which can last throughout the year.

Prevention

There is a specific and nonspecific. The first type applies vaccination. It has been proven that when introducing a prophylactic drug in the first hours of life, the risk of infection of the child decreases when passing through the generic paths of the mother's sick. Also, this method is used to secure family pairs in the presence of hepatitis B by one of the spouses. Doctors and people entering risk groups are necessarily a vaccination.

Comes down to interrupt transfer paths. For this, there are conversations with young people about the importance of choosing a partner and the use of contraception during sexual contacts.

Hepatitis C is dangerous diseaseSince quickly destroys the liver. The causative agent may be present in all human biological fluids: blood, urine, saliva, sputum, isolation of nasopharynx, sperm. If you do not know whether hepatitis C is transmitted through saliva, be sure to ask your doctor about it.

The hepatitis C virus is transmitted through blood. In the overwhelming majority of cases, infection occurs after the introduction of even a small amount of infected liquid with the help of a common needle. In addition, the transmission of the virus can occur with the help of an infected tool that tattoos and piercing are made.

In domestic conditions, it is possible to distribute with general manicure accessories, razors, as well as toothbrushes.

Extremely rare hepatitis C is transmitted subsequently bite. You can get infected with this ailion during injuries or during surgical intervention, mass vaccination or when administered medical preparations, in dental Cabinets. However, in developed countries, the risk of infection is almost equal to zero.

Infection by sex

The greatest relevance is the sex path of the spread of hepatitis C. Risk of transmission of the pathogen when unprotected sex is 5%. The probability of infection will be small if marriage monogated. When large number sexual relations, including random, the risk is much higher. It has been proven that oral sex Viruses are transmitted more actively.

If you have sex with a virus carrier, you must use condoms.

Define an infected person by appearance It is impossible, so we recommend refusing connections with unverified partners. Do not forget to regularly pass medical examinationsthat will help diagnose hepatitis with on early stages.

Is transmission possible through saliva possible?

The hepatitis C virus is contained in all body fluids, but it is most present in the blood. In the saliva there is an insufficient amount of pathogen, which indicates a low probability of hepatitis with a kiss. The risk of infection through saliva will be high if there are even insignificant damage to the mucous membrane or the plots of inflammation in the mouth.

Extremely high risk of infection when sharing toothbrushes. Blood particles can remain on their surfaces in which the virus can live for a long time. In no case do not use other people's brushes and do not let your other people.

How to recognize infection?

Due to the long incubation period, determine hepatitis with on initial stages It is impossible.

Hepatitis C symptoms can be common for a long time. Among them:

The initial stage of hepatitis C has overall symptoms. It is often confused with signs of influenza, because of which the wrong treatment is appointed. Pointing to a dangerous virus may be the appearance of jaundice: a person is yellowing sclera, skin cover, urine becomes darker.

The disease can occur in two forms - both acute and chronic. If a person has insufficient immunity, the body is not able to produce antibodies in response to the virus, the sharp form develops into chronic.

Remember that the transferred hepatitis does not yet mean that you will not meet anymore with him - repeated infection is possible.

Risk of infection

The hepatitis C virus can get into your body with someone else's blood, with uncontrolled sexual intercourse, or in non-compliance with hygiene.

In order to minimize the risk of infection, you must adhere to the following rules:

Protect yourself from infection with hepatitis will only be possible if you completely eliminate your contact with blood.

Be extremely careful if you often visit manicure or pedicure salons. There, the virus can pass through manicure accessories. In addition, very often hepatitis C suffer to drug addicts, which many times use a disposable needle. They have a disease flow into the chronic stage. Especially high risk of infection with doctors who work on blood fence.

Determine the moment of infection with hepatitis C will not succeed. In the initial stages of the disease there are no symptoms. Over time, a person develops serious lessels of liver, cirrhosis, bruises and injuries with increased bleeding.

Long absence of signs is explained by the long incubation period. Infection of hepatitis C can occur during gynecological procedures or during childbirth. Also hepatitis C applies through bloodsowing insects.

Video

Judging by the fact that you are currently reading these lines - victory in the fight against liver diseases while not on your side ...

And you already thought about surgical intervention? It is understandable, because the liver is a very important body, and its proper functioning of health and well-being. Nausea and vomiting, yellowish tint of leather, bitterness in the mouth and nasty smell, darkening of urine and diarrhea ... All these symptoms are familiar with you not at all.

But it is possible to more correctly treated, but the reason? We recommend reading the story of Olga Krichevskaya, how she cured the liver ...