Dental diseases...........................265
Individual cavity care ............................... 265
From the history of the occurrence of hygiene of the oral cavity .................. 265
Means and methods for the care of the oral cavity ........................... 266
Toothpaste ........................................... 267
Biologically active components of dental pastes .................... 268
Combination of drugs of fluoride .............................. 270
Antimicrobial components of toothpaste ....................... 271
Security control of toothpaste ............................. 272
Solutions for rinsing the oral cavity ............................... 275
Toothbrushes .............................................. 277
Methods for cleaning teeth ......................................... 282
Electric brushes .......................................... 283
Dental filaments - floss ........................................ 284
Toothpicks ............................................... 284.
Irrigation devices .................................. 285
Professional hygiene ...................................... 285
Technique of holding ...................................... 287
Air-drivey scales ................................. 288
Hand tools ...................................... 288
Polishing the surface of the teeth .............................. 288
Professional hygiene for patients with implanted teeth
and at HIV patients ..................................... 290
Preventive treatment ..................................... 290
Identification of patients for preventive treatment .............. 291
Treatment of active caries of teeth and selection of material ................... 292
Silafts (sealants) for Fissur enamel ............................. 294
Antimicrobial agents and their use for oppression of infection ......... 296
Chlorhexidine ........................................... 296.
Fluorides for local applications .............................. 297
Fluoride varnish ......................................... 298
Sodium fluoride gels with phosphate ...................... 300
The market of preventive services in dentistry ......................... 301
System of diagnostics and prophylactic treatment ................... 302
Approximate text of letters to patients .............................. 303
Chapter 14. PR Cancer PreventionAnd ..................... 309.
The prevalence of cavity cavity .............................. 309
The main reasons for the occurrence of cavity cavity ..................... 310
Smoking tobacco ......................................... 310
Smokeless tobacco ......................................... 311
Other causes of cancer ...................................... 313
The role of a dentist's doctor in diagnosis and prevention .................... 314
Screening surveys of the mucous membrane ....................... 314
Diagnostics of the cavity cancer using toluidine blue .......... 316
Factors preventing the development of cavity cancer .................... 316
Chapter 15. Prevention in the elderly ................... 319
Level and significance of the problem .................................. 319
Prevention - the main way to achieve health .................... 324
Pricky caries .......................................... 325
Periodontal diseases ......................................... 327
Abrasion of solid teeth tissues .................................. 328
Chapter 16. Sanitary and hygienic education of the population -
The most important component of preventive programs ......... 330
Definition and principles ...................................... 330
Positive communication ........................................ 333
Motivation to the formation of health care ...................... 333
Getting medical knowledge - the process of knowledge ..................... 334
Hygienic education of young preschool children .............. 336
Hygienic education of schoolchildren ............................... 341
The main results of the study ............................. 343
Methods of sanitary education of parents ................. 348
Features of the medical education of the adult population ................ 350
Chapter 17. The main directions and methods of prevention
Dental abnormalities and deformities ................... 352
Bite and anomalies of development .................................... 352
The main reasons for the development of dental anomalies and deformities ........... 355
Artificial feeding .................................... 357
Pathology of the upper respiratory tract ............................... 357
Harmful habits ........................................... 357
Diseases of teeth and jaws ................................... 358
Violation of physiological equilibrium muscles ........................ 358
Prevention of dental anomalies and deformities depending on the causes
their development ............................................ 358
Prevention of dental anomalies in the period of intrauterine development ..... 362
Prevention of dental anomalies associated with artificial
feeding .......................................... 364.
Prevention of dental anomalies and deformations associated with harmful
habits ............................................. 366.
Violation of the function of nasal breathing .............................. 366
Prevention of dental anomalies and deformities associated with destruction
and lack of teeth ....................................... 369
Hygienic education in the process of orthodontic treatment .............. 371
Chapter 18. Organization of Implementation and Evaluation of Efficiency
Preventive programs .............................. 377
Historical experience and prospects ................................. 377
Situation analysis ........................................ 380
Determination of the measurable goals of the prevention program ................... 385
Planning preventive events ........................ 389
Prevention of dental diseases among the population of Belarus ..... 389
The results of the implementation of the program .............................. 393
The introduction of a project at an affordable cost of fluoride-containing tooth pastes ...... 394
Justification of the project ..................................... 394
The efficiency of using a new pasta ........................ 395
Use of toothpaste in a communal project ................. 396
Conclusion ................................................ 398.
Dental health of the future ............................... 398
Appendix ............................................. 402.
Map to evaluate dental status (WHO. 1997) .................. 402
Introduction
Numerous reports, including the World Health Organization, suggest that the end of the 20th century was marked by a decrease in the prevalence of dental diseases in a number of Western countries.
In recent decades, in world practice, prevention as an independent discipline was exclusively rapid development. This was promoted by the active position of WHO and the successful implementation of a number of disease prevention programs, on the basis of which practical approaches were formed and the methods of preventive work were developed. This can be attributed to the doctrine of a healthy lifestyle, about the transitional state between health and illness (presessal), about the risk factors, adaptation and deadaption. These areas of research, a significant part of which were carried out in the USSR and in Russia, became the basis of the subject of prevention as a scientific discipline. They arose due to the real need of the population, determining the level of its health, the frequency of identifying the initial forms of diseases associated with the increased risk of their occurrence.
Not so long ago, the objects of study in dentistry were caries of teeth and gum disease. As science develops, the list of problems and items of study related to dentistry has been expanded. This is due to the unique characteristic of the oral cavity, including in addition to teeth and the gums, holding their connective tissue and bone structures, solid and soft panels, mucous membranes, tongue, lips, salivary glands, chewing muscles, upper and lower jaws, chewing muscles and temporomandibular joint. At the same time, an important component of the oral cavity is also an extensive network of blood and lymphatic vessels, nerve endings that feed and protect the tissue, provide them with a bond with a brain, and with the whole body of a person. In this regard, the authors showed that dental health means much more than the preservation of the teeth in good condition. It indicates the absence of any pain in the maxillofacial region, symptoms of manifestation of common diseases and neoplasms, congenital defects of the nose or lips. The healthy condition of the organs and tissues of the maxillofacial complex provides a comfortable implementation of vital functions, including speech, breathing, chewing and swallowing food, as well as the expression of a psycho-emotional state of a person.
Introduction
The textbook emphasizes that by carefully studying the state of the maxillofacial complex, the symptoms of nutritional disorders, various systemic diseases, including infectious and immune, and some malignant tumors can be identified. Therefore, an ancient expression "Mouth is a mirror of the body", it is impossible to more accurately reflect the importance of health status information that can be obtained with a complex dental examination.
A significant role in ensuring dental health belongs to medical professionals, including dental staff. However, it is important that recommendations and information on their part of them are not only heard, but also implemented in practice every person. Such recommendations include regular visitors of the dentist, everyday cavity care, termination of tobacco consumption and other tips on reducing the risk of dental diseases by maintaining a healthy lifestyle. These issues are devoted to a significant part of the present textbook.
There is no doubt that the concept of general and dental health in the 21st century will undoubtedly be the promotion of human health and prevention of diseases, since the main dental diseases can be eliminated by implementing adequate social policies. One of the tasks of dental personnel is the belief of political and public figures of various levels to take the necessary social measures aimed at solving the problems of strengthening general and dental health, and to participate in their implementation. A number of domestic researchers marked stabilization and even reducing the level of dental diseases in some regions of the country.
The authors of this publication considered their main goal to emphasize the attention of students and dental doctors on the possibility of a significant improvement in the dental health of the population through the introduction of utility and individual methods of prophylaxis. It has become real at present due to the accumulated international experience in studying data on the prevalence of dental diseases and a clear clinical understanding of the mechanism of their development.
Uponcing chapter 17, "The main directions and methods of preventing dental anomalies and deformations" are used by the works of V. G. Sunzova, and in a number of chapters of the preventive profile - the works of A. G. Kolesnik and P. A. Leus. The authors express them sincere thanks.
Academician RAMS, Professor V.K. Leontiev, Professor G. N. Pakhomov
The value of the oral hygiene in the prevention of diseases of the teeth
Human health is inextricably linked with the conditions of life, labor and recreation. Consequently, the regime of personal life, the implementation of hygienic requirements, compliance with certain useful tips warns against diseases. Along with other general general measures, one of the most important links of prevention and treatment of a number of human diseases is the oral hygiene. Healthy teeth and gums-ideas for normal digestion.
The oral hygiene has a big story. More Ancient Greeks were honored by hygiene under the name of Gigii - the goddess of the health, the daughter of the ancient Greek god of the healing of the Eskulap. Most peoples consider dazzling white teeth with a better decoration.
Indeed, the oral hygiene is a huge aesthetic factor and an indicator of a common culture. The smell of exhaled air determines the state of the oral cavity. With insufficient care of the oral cavity, there is an unpleasant smell of mouth due to rotation of food and their decomposition. In addition, the microbes of the oral cavity, acquiring special virulence, when talking, cough, sneezing, or when using a common toothbrush can be transmitted to another person. The source of bacteria and the cause of many diseases are also sick, destroyed teeth, which are also a cosmetic defect if it is anterior teeth.
What happens with insufficient mouth care? It turns out that the teeth are formed and accumulates the raid, which, which is the source of microorganisms and is a complex of various microbes. The more significant raid on the teeth, the more microorganisms and more diverse their types.
It would seem that it is easier to understand the teeth. But if you want to have healthy and strong teeth, it needs to be done correctly.
And so - care for the oral cavity:
Yes, strictly (and boring!) Speaking, this is a whole range of daily hygienic events, the main purpose of which, avoid caries and gum inflammation. But my dear, it is also important, if not more than well-kept skin, excellent haircut and french manicure! After all, the permanently magnificent smile, which is achieved only due to the careful care of the oral cavity, is able to block all the other of your advantages and achieve one of its novel charm! The rest of the advantages are also obvious. So nice with the next visit to the dentist, to avoid unpleasant communication with Bormashina and hear the cherished words: "With your teeth, everything is in order." And all thanks to the right cavity care.
And, if seriously, the right cavity care retains the teeth of the intention, safety and the necessary quantity, due to the prevention of the plaque. And the bacterial bloom is the first cause of inflammation of the gums and the occurrence of carious cavities.
Since it has already been mentioned that the care of the oral cavity is the complex, then the entire treatment of the oral cavity goes in several stages:
The first stage is cleaning the teeth with a toothbrush and paste. It is carried out twice in the morning after breakfast and in the evening before bedtime. If the gum disease is already concerned, the amount of teeth cleaning increases to 3-5 times a day. It is very important, but few know about it, the toothbrushes must dry out dry between use. Therefore, if the teeth are cleaned often, it is recommended to have a couple of brushes and alternate them.
Toothbrush must be soft, with a rounded bristly end, and the brush head is small to achieve all hard-to-reach places. It is necessary to change it every 2-3 months. There are special brushes for interdentary spaces - small and especially good to remove plaque and food from a wide space between the teeth. Advanced brushes with rubber tips are designed for careful gum mass.
Tooth paste you can choose to your taste, or, with certain problems, on the recommendation of the dentist. Of course, the toothpaste for the care of the oral cavity should contain fluorides, strengthening enamel, calcium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate to remove the plaque. More modern ingredients - compounds of silicon with elevated cleansing properties. For many suffering from increased enamel sensitivity, there are toothpastes with reduced abrasive and chemically inert cleansing compounds. There are toothpastes for those who, despite the regular care for the oral cavity, there is an accelerated formation of a dental stone. Their soluble pyrophosphates do not allow the mineral substances on the surface of the teeth and suppress the growth of the tartar.
Optimal time to clean the teeth: two or three minutes. Usually everyone is stacked at 30-40 seconds, therefore it makes sense to clean my teeth several times, focusing on the clock. But it is not necessary to overdo it. Also simply with an excessive intense and long-term care of the oral cavity, it is possible to damage enamel and gums.
The main thing in the care of the oral cavity is a professional technique. First, the brush is installed on the gum line, at an angle of 45 degrees to the teeth from the outside. Make circular movements with a brush, cleaning 2-3 tooth at the same time. In order to clean the inner side of the front teeth, they have a brush vertically, and make careful movements up-down. The same movements are processed chewable and internal surfaces of other teeth.
Since the flare is formed not only on the teeth, but in the language, causing an unpleasant smell, then the care of the oral cavity necessarily includes its cleaning. Begin to clean the tongue from the tip, then move to the middle and sides.
Additional application to the brush and paste of rinsers and dental threads when careing for the oral cavity, reduces the destruction of the teeth (imagine!) By 40%.
Tooth thread (floss), and only it can clean the side surface of the teeth and a particularly pocket area of \u200b\u200bthe gum, where the larger accumulates the most accumulating, the gums inflammation begins faster. Since the choice of dental yields to care for the oral cavity is very large, the easiest way to ask the pharmacy flat, lubricated floss, because they are less likely to damage the gum fabric. Ideal time to clean the floss-stayed bed.
Rinsers cope with those bacteria that remain in the mouth after cleaning the teeth, and it is better to use the rinse after cleaning a toothbrush and dental thread. The rinsers, depending on the composition, have an anticipatic, deodorizing, anti-inflammatory and astringent action, and can also reduce the bleeding of the gums and contribute to the restoration of the mucous membrane of the oral sheath.
Despite the daily efforts to care for the oral cavity, in some particularly hard-to-reach places, the flare still remains and gradually hardens in the dent stone. It is possible to remove it only at the dentist during the next visit, one or twice a year. It is very important for preventing gum diseases and untimely loss of teeth.
Everything is simple enough, right? And in fact, takes no more than ten minutes a day. The main thing is not to forget about all the rules of the oral cavity and not to be lazy.
And a few more rules you need to know and remember:
- Avoid drinking too hot or too cold food and drinks. This leads to the occurrence of enamel microcracks, reduces its strength and predisposes to the development of caries.
- Remember that toothpastes can provide teeth with calcium and fluorine no more than 30%. The rest you should receive from food (dairy products, green tea, legumes, greens).
- Do not use teeth to split nuts, opening bottles, snocking the threads, etc. In this case, the formation of cracks of the enamel, irregularities and cavities in the teeth occurs, which increases the risk of caries.
Be healthy and do not forget to regularly visit your dentist!
Doctor dentist GBUZ "Bichur CRH" Metropolskaya N.G.
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Do not talk how important the oral hygiene is. After eating in the mouth, acids are always formed, which are negatively reflected on the enamel of the teeth - they are corrupted. If it does not clean the acids on time, they form raids and clusters, as a result, you can wait for the formation of stones and holes. And against the background of weakened and bleeding gums, the situation is exacerbated at all. To avoid this, it is necessary to follow the rules of hygiene.
General Rules Oral Hygiene
Dental cleaning is not all. Hygiene begins with proper nutrition and only then you can think about the means of prophylaxis. Here are some important rules, non-compliance with which can lead you to the risk area:- Reduce to a minimum use of lemons and acidic products in its pure form. You can drink tea with lemon, but not eat fruit slices.
- Refuse sticking sweets, such as Irisky. Such candy is difficult to clean from the teeth. And they often hurt their teeth :.
- Conduct easy cleaning of teeth and rinsing after each snack. Optionally, each time to use toothpaste is enough to rub the teeth with a soft brush.
It is no less important to know that the teeth need to be cleaned 2 times a day: the first time - after the first meal, and the second - for the night.
After you have snack, use the following modern means as prevention:
- Chewing gum without sugar (with its help you can additionally clean your teeth);
- The rinser for teeth (cleans the flare and residues of food);
- Conventional water (for rinsing in the absence of other means).
Selection of toothpaste and brushes
To visit the dentist not turned to the treatment of gums or tooth removal, choose a good toothpaste. They are usually divided into two types:- Hygienic . Serve only to clean the teeth from the plaque. Some of them additionally refresh their breath. But on this, their advantages end.
- Preventive . More extensive in their actions - saved from caries, protect the enamel, strengthen the gums. There are a number of anti-inflammatory toothpastes based on herbs. There are a series of pastes with whitening effect, it is better to use them rarely, so as not to damage the enamel. You can also read the article about.
Instead of toothpaste, you can use the powder. Its effect is no worse, and often better, because natural components are used in the composition. By the way, the cost of powder is an order of magnitude less.
The choice of high-quality toothbrush is another way to maintain your teeth in perfect cleanliness. All brushes differ in the degree of hardness:
- the most rigid (for removable prostheses);
- middle rigid;
- soft (for weakened gums and for children).
Proper cleaning of teeth
How to clean your teeth? This is written in detail. If short, then training is simple: for this, the brush should move from the gums to the edge of the tooth by the retractor movement.
If food is stuck in the teeth, use the dental thread. This is the best tool to get rid of food particles in interdental spaces. Sometimes only after the thread there is a feeling that the teeth are cleaned, so well she copes with food residues.
In the absence of dental thread, try using toothpick. With it, you can remove the point accumulations of food residues. Its only minus - it can damage the gum, so act extremely carefully.
To the toothpick remove the residues of food, keep it at an angle of 45 degrees to the tooth.
In the event of problems with gums, dentists advise the use of irrigators - instruments to remove food residues using water pips. The irrigator removes the dental flare and massages the gums.
Once every six months, it is recommended to visit the dentist to consult about the state of their teeth and to detect problems in time. Do not wait for the pain while the pain arises - go to the doctor if a stone, a raid, caries or an unpleasant smell appeared. With diseases it is better to understand in the early stages. Especially if it is.
Oral hygiene in a child
There is no fundamental difference between children and adult teeth cleaning, but there are still subtleties and some nuances.
In the very first months of the life of the baby, parents must follow the gums. After feeding, the gums are wiping with napkins, impregnated with soda mortar or attacks with the same composition.
When milk teeth appear, training time comes. Buy a child baby toothpaste and brush. The first samples should be short - for 20 seconds. Subsequent cleaning needs to be increased by duration.
In order for the child an interest in the cleaning of the teeth, special games, calendars and fairy tales use.
What kind of tooth cleaning agents to choose for a child will tell the manufacturer. Typically, the baby's brush has a short handle and soft bristles, and the toothpaste has a pleasant taste.
Take a child to take a toothpaste not more than the note of his little girl. So he learns to properly dose pasta.
As an additional care for kids, you can use special napkins. In their composition there are xylitis, which kills bacteria that breed on the gums and enamel of teeth. Such napkins must be kept in the refrigerator so that their cold remove the painfulness possible pain.
Over time, the child teach to the dental thread, taking advantage of it between meals.
How to monitor the cavity of the mouth at a removable prosthetic?
When the patient is set by the prosthesis, the rules for the care of the oral cavity change slightly. It is impossible to neglect the recommendations of the doctors, otherwise the prosthesis will not serve as much as it can, and very quickly will lose its aesthetic appearance.The main problem of removable prostheses - you need to get used to them. At first, while addiction is coming, you can buy protection against irritation in the oral cavity. Special preparations help clean the oral cavity additionally. As soon as unpleasant sensations are used to pass, the aids can be canceled.
In the use of removable structures there are drawbacks. Due to the prosthesis:
- the natural purification of the oral cavity is disturbed;
- changes the circulation of the mucosa in the mouth;
- wireless thermal exchange, even the diction and taste properties of products.
- Fixing creams and gaskets (special means for artificial teeth);
- Powders with cleansing effect (can also be purchased in the form of tablets);
- Cleansing brush for cleaning the prosthesis;
- Additional means for cleaning artificial teeth.
- Special paste, which brushes interdental intervals;
- Ershik for cleaning interdental intervals;
- Toothbrush with the most soft bristle;
- Tooth thread;
- Rinse to strengthen gums;
- Tablets to determine the dental flare.
Good prosthesis care is the lack of plaque on it, as well as food particles. To achieve this, do the following:
- Clean the prosthesis 2 times a day;
- Pock your mouth after each meal meal, wash the prosthesis under running water;
- Clean removable teeth in the disinfectant solution;
- For the night prosthesis remove.
When the prosthesis needs to be transported, use a special container for this.
What are oral hygiene indices?
Why do you need to know the hygiene index of the oral cavity? This information is important for the dentist to reflect the patient's treatment. There are many such indices, everyone is needed to determine a narrower direction in treatment, for example, periodontalosis.The most common index reflects the defeat of the teeth by caries. Here are taken into account:
- Carious teeth;
- Seal teeth;
- Remote or diverting teeth.
The level of intensity of the development of caries is expressed as a percentage, where from 80% the intensity is high, and up to 30% is the lowest.
To evaluate the effectiveness of oral hygiene, a special test is thrown - teeth staining. The index is calculated for each tooth in a special code, and then the data is output in a total amount. In the same way, the bite is assessed, the state of the gum, aesthetic index, etc.
How can you use the hygienic index at home and why do you need it? You can appreciate yourself how well take care of your teeth. For test and objective estimation, you need to purchase a special dye. He paints deposits on the teeth. The more intensive staining, the lower the assessment of the hygienic state of the teeth.
What is fraught bad oral hygiene?
Even if it seems to you that you carefully care for your teeth and every day thoroughly clean them, review your rules. An indicator of hygiene quality is always the lack of problems with teeth, healthy gums and a pleasant smell of mouth. If there is no one of the conditions, the care is carried out badly or incorrectly.Most teeth diseases arise exclusively due to bad hygiene.
Caries and stone is a consequence of cluster on the teeth of the plaque. It is located even in unlikely places:
- In the holes of the cutters;
- Between teeth;
- Under the gum in the neck of the tooth;
- On gums
Even if you regularly visit the dentist, which you treats caries, long-term lateral care for the oral cavity threatens the recurrence of the development of teeth disease. Silved teeth will have to be pulled out, and with them and thoroughly engage in gum diseases - periodontitis and gingivitis.
The accumulation of microbes in the oral cavity is not only aesthetic problem. Bad teeth affect the work of the whole organism, causing diseases of the stomach and allergic reactions.
What is required to properly clean the teeth? (video)
Watch a cognitive video about what is considered the right oral hygiene.
The oral cavity hygiene is an important factor in preserving the health of teeth, gum, language and inner mucous membranes. Regular cleansing of the mouth from the residues of food and pathogenic microorganisms does not allow foci of infection to spread, spoil the tooth surface and bring discomfort along with strong pain.
Opinion expert
Biryukov Andray Anyatolevich
the doctor Implantologist orthopedized surgeon graduated from Crimean Honey. Institute in 1991. Specialization Therapeutic, surgical and orthopedic dentistry including implantology and prosthetics on implants.
Ask a question expertI believe that on visits to the dentist can still be saved. Of course, I'm talking about leaving your teeth. After all, if you carefully care for them, then before treatment it may indeed be and not reaching the case - it does not need. Microcracks and small caries on the teeth can be removed ordinary paste. How? The so-called filling paste. I highlight Denta Seal. Try and you.
Observing the rules of hygiene, a person eliminates the possibility of the development of various serious diseases, such as caries, gingivitis, periodontalosis and others.
Dental enamel is very sensitive and susceptible to the destructive substances substance. Every person reacts in different ways to stimuli and opposes them. But no matter how strong the enamel was, with age, its thickness decreases, and it does not fully fulfill its protective function.
Therefore, it is important from an early age to clean the teeth regularly, use rinsers and dental thread.
Methodology for estimating the hygienic condition of the oral cavity
Dentists have developed a special technique to determine the degree of pollution of the oral cavity. To check, you will need dyes, a scale with enamel darkening indexes.
The algorithm of the technique in the following:
- a dye is applied to enamel;
- all surfaces of the tooth are scratched - frontal, medial, vestibular and occlusive;
- the intensity of the color of each individual tooth with the color gamma scale is compared.
Depending on the result, the hygiene level is measured by points:
- 1.0-1.5 - excellent indicator;
- 1.5-2.0 - satisfactory;
- 2.0-2.5 - unsatisfactory;
- 2.5-3.4 - bad;
- 3.4-5.0 - very bad.
Each dental clinic prefers to use its methods for enamel pollution index. Dyes, gradation and shades of the scale may differ, but the method of checking is the same.
Criteria for oral hygiene
The rules for the care of the oral cavity are simple manipulations that you need to repeat every day. Since childhood, parents teach the child to regular teeth cleaning procedures, the entire oral cavity. Then a person in a conscious age will not think about the feasibility of the procedure.
Let's lay out the criteria for observing hygiene of the oral cavity:
- It is necessary to clean the teeth 2 times a day - in the morning and in the evening. This rule is familiar, but few adheres to him. People clean the dental rows in the morning, before leaving the house. But over the whole day, many pathogenic microorganisms are accumulated in the mouth, which will cause inflammatory processes;
- cleaning duration - from 3 to 5 minutes;
- toothbrush is wearing in 2-3 months. Upon expiration, it must be changed;
- choose a paste for teeth with the status of their state. An important indicator is the presence or absence of pathological formations in the mouth. Save on this tool is not worth;
- care require not only teeth, but also gums, language, internal soft tissues. There are dental products and devices that solve this problem;
- cleaning the oral cavity is recommended after each meal. Banal rinse with water lowers the risk of developing an infection in the mouth by 80%;
- check the condition of the dental of the dentist every 6 months. So you will protect yourself, and do not allow the progression of different diseases if they suddenly appear.
How to choose a hygiene?
To ensure high-quality cleansing of the entire mouth, you need to carefully select hygienic agents. The standard set of accessories includes:
- brush;
- paste;
- rinse for oral cavity;
- ershik for interdental space;
- tooth thread (floss).
Consider in detail the requirements for each instrument and means.
Ordinary toothbrush. The beliefs that it is best to choose brushes with natural vile - incorrect. Most of all the norms of hygiene correspond to artificial fibers. Each brush has a certain degree of rigidity. There are very hard, rigid, medium hardness, soft and very soft degree.
More than 50% of adults enjoy brushes with an average hardness indicator. For children, it is better to choose soft villi. But the most rigid fibers are designed specifically for smokers, their method of action is more aggressive. Only it is possible to cope with brown raid from cigarette smoke on enamel.
Toothbrush - a purely personal device, and to share it with someone just unacceptable. This entails the transfer of pathogenic microorganisms from one mouth to another. It is often necessary to change it, since after 2-3 months of use, it turns out of the device for cleansing the mouth into the ages of harmful bacteria.
An electric toothbrush. Sometimes people prefer electrolate. It does not have special advantages over the usual tool, but when complying with all the rules of application, the cleaning process itself accelerates. Experts recommend it to the use of elderly people who have problems with coordination of movements.
Toothpaste. This agent is divided into two types: hygienic and medical and prophylactic. The first species is intended for most users, and children including there are no obvious problems with teeth and gums. Therapeutic pastes, except for purification, are struggling with the pathological conditions of the oral cavity: caries, infections, inflammation, gum bleeding, dark raid and dental stone.
Rinser. The main part of this means is a decoction of healing herbs or a vitamin cocktail. It is needed to secure the effect of teeth cleaning. After rinsing on the surface of the enamel, a protective film is formed, which repels pollution and does not allow them to accumulate.
Brush. This device suits people who align the tooth rows brackets. Food is going under them, and it is almost impossible to remove it from there without a rash.
Dental floss. During meals in the interdental space, food remains are collected. Different groups of bacteria affect them, causing the processes of rotting first the food itself, and then the tooth. In order to prevent such a situation, you need to clean the gaps of the tooth thread every time after eating.
It has 2 types of section - flat and round. Flat-cross-section threads are designed for people with significant intersubolic space, and round - for tightly adjacent teeth. Also, flosses are impregnated with different aromatic compositions for refreshing respiration and improving the quality of destroying pathogens of microorganisms.
Irrigator. Modern device, removing flare, residues of water with water. Additional irrigator function - gum massage. It is ideal for people with crowns and bridges.
What could be the consequences of non-compliance with hygiene?
On the surface of the teeth and the gums constantly live and multiply different bacteria. An excellent habitat for them is the remains of food and falling. The cleaner the mouth cavity, the less the pathogenic organisms live there. From here it follows, the main purpose of the mouth of the mouth is the warning of the processes of accumulation in it of microbes.
The first call of non-compliance with these rules - caries. Such a pathological condition leads to softening and subsequent destruction of dental fabric. Then inside the body of the teeth are formed emptiness. In the absence of proper treatment, caries passes to the gums, and the disease receives a new name - gingivitis. The gum begins to bleed, itch, swollen, then ulcers and an unpleasant smell of mouth appear.
Another reason for the bad smell can be Halitoz. It develops with a complete absence of oral hygiene, when the bacteria colonies are overshable teeth, gums and soft fabrics, tongue and sky.
Are there any excitement before a visit to the dentist?
YesNot
The poor quality cleaning of the teeth leads to the accumulation and seal of the plaque on enamel, which over time turns into a stone. Against the background of this fabric, surrounding the tooth, are inflamed, blushing, gums are in irritated. Such a pathological condition is called periodontitis. If it is not treated, the gums will stop holding the roots of the tooth, it will begin to break and fall.
In addition to compliance with the rules of hygiene at home, dentists recommend also to resort to occupational hygiene. And there are two logical explanations for this:
- soft flask can be removed using a professional tool;
- get rid of a solid laid, a qualified specialist will help to raise the disease of the oral cavity.
Professional hygiene shall be divided into steps:
- ultrasonic cleaning for removing plaque and stones on the teeth. Works on the principle of wave vibrations, does not damage the enamel, it is characterized by effectiveness;
- aIRFLOW method - a mixture of soda, water and air under pressure purifies the enamel surface;
- fluoridation is the saturation of the dental coating by fluorine ions.
1Also, the dentist-hygienist, based on the state of the oral cavity, recommends that the means for cleaning it, gives advice on additional teeth care, gums, is trying to issue a maximum of information to the client in order to maintain the result.
The literary review is devoted to the issues of oral hygiene affecting human health, with. This article analyzes many literature aims to study the relationship between the hygiene and the prevention of dental diseases. To date, this topic is very relevant, since the population does not give much importance to hygiene as the prevention of diseases of the oral cavity. The reason for this is the lack of information. The article contains basic information on scientific research in this area. The review article describes the means of hygiene, both basic and additional, and recommended selection rules, individual and professional hygiene, the effectiveness of these procedures, as preventing dental diseases. The mechanism of formation of caries and its etiology is also described.
oral hygiene
prevention
hygiene products.
1. Gumilevsky B. Yu. And others. The relationship of immune inflammation and clinical manifestations of the electroplating of the oral cavity // Fundamental studies. - 2014. - №. 7-2.
2. Danilina T. F. and others. The method of prophylaxis of galvanose in the oral cavity //to. Danilina, D.V. Mikhalchenko, A.V. Poroshin, A.V. Zhidovinov, S.N. Tail: patent for the invention Rus. - 2011. - T. 2484767. - №. 23.12.
3. Danilina T.F. Casting in orthopedic dentistry. Clinical aspects: monograph / Danina T.F., Mikhalchenko D.V., Naumova V.N., Zhidovinov A.V. - Volgograd, 2014.
4. Zhidovinov A.V., Pavlov I.V. Changes in a solid sky in the treatment of dental anomalies using edzhuiz technology // In the collection: a collection of scientific works of young scientists of the dental faculty of the Volgma, the materials of the 66th final scientific conference of students and young scientists. Editorial Board: S.V. Dmitrienko (front editor), M.V. Bricks, A.G. Petrukhin (answer secretary). 2008. P. 8-10.
5. Manulyova E. V. et al. Use of additional research methods to assess the dynamics of the treatment of chronic top-periodontitis // Modern problems of science and education. - 2014. - №. 6.
6. Medvedeva E.A., Fedotova Yu.M., Zhidovinov A.V. Activities for the prevention of diseases of solid tissues of teeth in individuals living in areas of radioactive pollution // International Journal of Applied and Fundamental Research. 2015. - № 12-1. - P. 79-82.
7. Mikhalchenko D.V. and others. Social problems of prevention of dental diseases in students // Modern problems of science and education. - 2014. - №. 5. - P. 474.
8. Mikhalchenko D.V. and others. Monitoring of local adaptation reactions in the treatment of patients with defects with craniofacial localization with removable prostheses // Modern problems of science and education. - 2015. - №. four.
9. Pooreskiy S.V. et al. On the issue of osteo-integration of dental implants and methods of its stimulation // Bulletin of the Volgograd State Medical University. - 2015. - №. 3 (55).
10. Shemonaev V.I., Mikhalchenko D.V., Poroshin A.V., Velichko AS, Zhidovinov A.V. The effectiveness of the use of Borov of the company Rus-Atlant in the preparation of teeth for metal-ceramic crowns // Volgograd Scientific and Medical Journal. - 2013. - № 1 (37). - P. 45-46.
Introduction
Dental health of people is an important problem of modern society. At all times, the health of the teeth indisputably communicated with the oral hygiene, the ancient healers argued that the man is healthy, while his teeth are healthy.
Professional and individual oral hygiene is the main component of preventing dental diseases and the main indicator of the dental health of the population.
Daily care cavity with the help of specialized hygiene products, such as toothbrushes, toothpastes, elixirs, rinsers will allow the health of the oral cavity and prevent the development of solid tissue diseases, periodontal tissues.
The purpose of our review is to study the relationship between the oral hygiene and human health.
LITERATURE REVIEW:
Prevention of caries of teeth and periodontal diseases requires a clear idea of \u200b\u200bthe reasons that cause these diseases, factors that contribute to their development.
Many literature indicate that the dental flare is one of the causes of the development of caries of teeth. The initial damage to the caries occurs in places where favorable conditions are created for the accumulation of plaque (pits and fissuras, on the approximal surfaces and the pearfishes). The cariesogenic microflora of the oral cavity serves as a etiological factor in the occurrence of caries. And in order to have such a microflora and the development of caries began, the presence of certain conditions should be the presence of these conditions such as the reception of high-fun carbohydrates, thanks to which a toothflower is formed. Caries is formed under the condition that the demineralization process will prevail over the remineralization. In this case, the caries can develop with a low level resistance to the enamel of teeth.
The oral cavity is a unique ecosystem for a wide variety of microorganisms forming a permanent microflora. Rich nutritious environment; Permanent humidity, the optimal pH and temperature value create favorable conditions for adhesion, colonization and reproduction of various microorganisms and, as a result, the development of various dental diseases. Therefore, one of the most efficient and, at the same time, the most simple and accessible measures of their prevention is the right and effective care of the teeth. At the same time, preventive measures require an individual approach that takes into account all the factors affecting the state of oral hygiene
However, only 9.27% \u200b\u200bof the population is cleaning their teeth more than 1 times a day, and 11.3% of the population has no care for the oral cavity at all. However, patients conduct teeth cleaning with basic means for individual oral hygiene inappropriately, so the complete mechanical elimination of the plaque is not made, despite the availability and efficiency of this method.
This is due in most cases with the fact that parents did not set the elementary skills and personal hygiene rules. Also, another reason for the formation of the attitude towards the hygiene of the oral cavity is the level of education, social conditions. The population does not have the idea of \u200b\u200bthe oral hygiene, as the main preventive and therapeutic action
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), caries and periodontitis are a global problem - dentists are not able to ensure the treatment of billion of the brushes of teeth and its consequences. Prevention is the basis of health care efficiency, when the minimum work and tools give the maximum effect.
Prevention of diseases of the mucous membrane of the mouth of the well-known etiology is the elimination of the reasons for their occurrence. Thus, for the prevenue of infectious diseases, manifested on the oral mucosa (syphilis, etc.), measures are needed to exclude infection in the body. Prerequisites for the mucous membrane of the mouth of an unexplained etiology consists in conducting measures aimed at eliminating or decreasing the influence of risk factors, increase the resistance of the organism. For non-specific prevention of diseases of the oral mucosa, wellness activities are important, including systematic hygiene and oral hence .
Preventive measures also include early detection of diseases and timely treatment of patients. One of the most effective measures for the prevention of cavity cancer are periodic prophylactic examinations with subsequent dispensary observation in the event of the detection of chronic diseases of the oral mucosa.
An integral part of the hygiene and the prevention of various dental diseases is individual oral hygiene, which includes a thorough and regular removal of the patient with dental sediments from the surfaces of the teeth and the gums using various means.
The quality of teeth purification and, therefore, the effectiveness of preventive measures largely depends on the methods and means of hygiene.
The main means of individual oral hygiene:
- toothpastes, gels, dental powders;
- toothbrushes.
The bristles should not be too soft or too tough. Currently, most manufacturers offer brushes in five categories from very soft to superstar. Toothbrush with bristle medium hardness is universal and suits most adults. On the one hand, it effectively cleans his teeth, and on the other it does not irritate the gums. Change toothbrush recommended every three or four months.
When choosing a toothpaste, an important aspect is the composition that prevents the development of teeth diseases, in particular caries and periodontosis. It is also useful to use the paste with the addition of extracts of medicinal herbs that have a strengthening effect. But on the various 3D or 4D whitening components dentists advise not to pay special attention. They absolutely rightly argue that most of these technologies are exclusively marketing. Regular cleaning is much more efficient for white teeth
Additional means of oral hygiene:
- flosses (tooth thread), toothpicks;
- irrigators (hydromassagers
- interdentary stimulants
- language cleaning agents: scrapers, scraper brushes;
- oblinkers for the oral cavity, bleaching for teeth;
- powders for processing dentures.
Dentalwhich are used to clean the specific surfaces of the teeth. These threads are made of artificial fibers or foam rubber.
The length of the thread is 30-40 cm. The threads are screwed onto the middle fingers and stretched with a thumb right and index finger of the left hand. In the stretched state, the thread is introduced into the interdental gap, pressed to the contact surfaces of the tooth and produce 6-7 movements in the front-raise or lower-roar direction. Thread must be promoted without much effort not to damage the gum. The threads impregnated with a 2% sodium fluoride solution are used to treat the lateral surfaces of the teeth in order to prevent caries.
Algorithm for use of dental thread:
Take a thread of 30 cm, screw the hands on the middle fingers and stretch with a thumb right and index left hand;
Enter the thread in the interdental gap, pressing to the lateral surface of the tooth; - to perform 6-7 movements in the front-ship and lower-axle positions; - repeat this procedure in other interdental intervals;
Toothpick. They are used to clean the gantry grooves, interdental gaps and contact with the surfaces of the teeth. They can be wooden or plastic, flat, triangular and round. Toothpick use in front of the mirror. At the same time, the toothpicks put in the center of the gantry groove at an angle of 45 degrees to the surface of the tooth and, pressing to enamel, move along the contact surface to the equator tooth. Algorithm for toothpicks:
Place the toothpick at an angle of 45 degrees to the tooth;
Immerse the workstation into the gum groove;
Promote toothpicks on a gantry groove, pressing to the surface of the tooth, in the interdental interval to the contact point;
Remove the residue of food;
Irrigators (hydromassagers). They are used to remove food residues and gum massages. Recommended with a prophylactic target, in the presence of risk factors for occurrence of periodontal diseases. Irrigation can be carried out 2-3 times a day for 5-7 minutes after cleaning the teeth;
Interdentary stimulants (rubber and plastic) are used to further purify interdental gums and gum massages. This hygiene agent is a shape of the heads that end with a cone-shaped protrusion, freely penetrating between the teeth;
Dental elixirs. Dental elixirs are water-alcohol solutions containing antiseptic, deodorizing, binders.
An important and obligatory component of the prevention of diseases of the oral cavity is hygiene - individual and professional.
Professional oral hygiene - a regular set of activities conducted by a dental specialist (hygienist) aimed at preventing the development of caries and periodontal diseases and including professional cleaning of teeth, controlled individual oral hygiene (assessment of the hygienic state of the oral cavity, dental enlightenment with the creation of compliance with preventive motivation Procedures, selection of individual methods and facilities of oral hygiene, control of the effectiveness of hygienic measures), the use of mineralizing compositions and means that reduce the sensitivity of the teeth, the sealing of fissures.
In everyday clinical practice, the electromechanical method is most widely used for professional cleaning of teeth. The main tools for removing dental sediments are traditionally considered ultrasound devices and sound skalers. They effectively remove dental deposits, but after the processing is completed, it does not allow to get the perfectly smooth surface of the tooth. After removing dental sediments on the surface of the tooth, the formation of "dental" plaques begins. Therefore, after removal of dental sediments, it is necessary to carry out polishing and polishing the surface of solid tooth tissues.
Results of discussion:
As it turned out as a result of a review study, the population does not make much value of the oral hygiene, and this is an important component of human health factor. Many people even if they observe the oral hygiene but make mistakes that attach adverse effects.
The main tasks of prevention is to eliminate the causes and conditions of the occurrence and development of diseases, as well as an increase in the sustainability of the organism to the effects of adverse environmental factors. The main purpose of the individual prevention of dental diseases is the improvement of the population, through the awareness of the role and importance of hygienic procedures, raising the level of dental knowledge, developing motivation to preserve the health of the teeth.
One of the main tasks of individual prevention of dental diseases is not to promote well-known generally accepted measures, without restrictions and additional recommendations, for all populations of the country as a whole, and the recovery of the country's population, through the improvement of the prevention system by individualizing preventive measures for each particular individual.
The relevance of preventive measures is also expressed in reducing the volume of therapeutic measures and, as a result, material costs. This is confirmed by data, according to which the cost of preventive methods is 20 times lower than the cost of treatment of already developed diseases.
Thus, by analyzing a large number of scientific literature, we can conclude that the hygiene of the oral cavity is an important component of the prevention of dental diseases.
Bibliographic reference
Nagaytseva E.A. Hygiene of the oral cavity as prevention of dental diseases. // International Student Scientific Bulletin. - 2016. - № 2;URL: http://eduherald.ru/ru/article/view?id\u003d15409 (date of handling: 05.02.2020). We bring to your attention the magazines publishing in the publishing house "Academy of Natural Science"
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