High insulin after load. Influence of insulin on the body

Insulin is one of the most important hormones in the human body. He plays a dominant role in regulation of metabolism. Insulin contributes to the normal absorption of glucose, participates in the process of glycogenolysis (glycogen cleavage), and also enhances proteins and fats synthesis.

Insulin deficit leads to the development of Grozny chronic disease - type diabetes type 1. This ailment has a devastating effect on the entire body of the patient and in the most difficult cases can lead to loss of vision, limb amputation, heart attack, stroke, renal failure, sexual impotence, infertility and other heavy complications.

Increased insulin level in blood, as a rule, indicates development sugar diabetes 2 types. This disease is no less dangerous for a person than insulin-dependent diabetes and can also cause serious consequences and even the death of the patient.

That is why it is so important to know what is the norm of insulin in the blood in men, women and children, and what can lead to an increase or decrease in this indicator. In addition, it should be remembered how blood test is performed on insulin and how to prepare for this type of diagnosis.

Insulin properties

Everyone knows that insulin is a very important hormone, but not everyone can say with confidence that he answers. It should be emphasized that insulin has no analogues in the human body, so any violations in its secretion lead to severe violations in the work of the body.

Hormone Insulin is secreted by β-cells of the pancreas, which are located in the so-called Islands of Langerhans. β cells occupy more than 70% of the organ, and the rest of the α- and δ cells producing glucagon and somatostatin hormones.

Already from this it is clear what more important Insulin has for the normal functioning of the body. This hormone is indispensable for the assimilation of carbohydrates, which are the main source of energy for humans. Only insulin is capable of increasing the permeability of cell membranes and ensure the penetration of glucose into the cells.

It helps to maintain the human energy balance and saturate him with life force. Therefore, people with impaired insulin production always suffer from severe weakness and apathy. However, this is not the only property of insulin, this hormone has a whole list of other equally important qualities.

The role of insulin in the human body:

1. Insulin enhances the permeability of cell membranes, due to which glucose gets inside the cell;
2. Contributes to the cleavage of glucose to pyruogradic acid - the main source of energy for humans;
3. Binds glucose molecules together and turns them into glycogen, which is then accumulated in the liver and muscles as spare fuel for the body;
4. Minimizes the effect of enzymes that break fats and thus prevents the use of fatty acids as sources of energy;
5. Improves the absorption of proteins, helping cells to absorb amino acids;
6. Actively involved in the saturation of the ions of minerals, especially potassium, magnesium and phosphorus;
7. Does not allow fatty acids to penetrate the bloodstream;
8. Takes part in DNA replication, thereby improving tissue regeneration;
9. Enhances proteins synthesis, suspending the process of their decay;
10. Promotes the synthesis of fatty acids in the liver.

Blood insulin rate at all ages

Sugar level

Pancreas secrets insulin throughout 24 hours a day, but especially a large number of Hormone stands out during food intake. This is due to the fact that after eating in the blood of a person, the level of sugar significantly increases, and insulin helps to reduce glucose concentration and keep it within the normal range.

If the patient's body contains overly many insulin, this suggests that its cells have lost sensitivity to this hormone. Such high insulin in the blood is observed in patients with type 2 diabetes, as well as in people suffering from severe obesity and eating harmful products.

The fact is that a large layer of fat does not allow insulin to interact with the tissues of the body, thereby provoking the level of glucose levels in the blood. In this case, it is possible to reduce the concentration of insulin only by dropping extra pounds and adhering to a strict low carbon diet.

The disadvantage of insulin, as a rule, suffer from people in violation of the pancreas. There are several reasons for reducing insulin in the blood, the main of which is the death of the β-cells of the pancreas. Such a dangerous violation inevitably leads to a serious diagnosis - type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Therefore, it should be remembered which insulin rate is characteristic of children, adults and the elderly, and what is the high content of insulin to normal units. We must not forget that insulin is a hormone responsible for the absorption of glucose, increased concentration Which is destructive for a person.

Insulin norms in blood for different age categories:

1. Children - from 3 to 20 μed / l
2. Women - from 3 to 25 mCed / l
3. Women during pregnancy - from 6 to 26 mCed / l
4. Men - from 3 to 25 mCed / l
5. Older people - from 6 to 30 mCed / l, for old people up to 35 mCed / l.

Many people learn about the changed insulin level only when they have symptoms of diabetes.

But the determination of this hormone is not too challenging task And only requires several diagnostic studies.

Blood test for insulin level

The blood test to the level of insulin in the blood in adults and children can be carried out in two ways - on an empty stomach and after carbohydrate load. To form a diagnosis of diabetes, it is recommended to go through both of these tests, which will allow the most accurate results and eliminate the possible error.

In contrast to the analysis to the level of glucose in the blood, which can be carried out at home with a glucometter, insulin study is carried out only in the clinic. Insulin measuring instruments are not yet invented, although this testing device would be very useful for people prone to diabetes.

Analysis on insulin on an empty stomach.

As it is clear from the name to pass this test only on an empty stomach. At the same time, between the last meal and blood fence, the patient must pass at least 8 hours, and the best of all is 12-14 hours. Therefore, this study is recommended in the morning after night sleep, which will allow the patient to easily transfer forced rejection of food.

Speaking about what to do to properly undergo a study on insulin the value of which is extremely important when identifying diabetes, it is necessary to mention the importance of compliance with the diet. So 24 hours before the diagnosis should be excluded from its diet all fatty dishes and sweet foods, as well as refrain from the use of alcoholic beverages.

In addition, to properly determine the content of insulin in the blood should avoid severe physical exertion and strong emotional experiences, including positive. In addition, it is necessary to abandon the smoking of cigarettes for a while.

In the morning, immediately before the study, it is forbidden to eat and drink any drinks except clean water without gas. Blood for analysis to the level of insulin is taken from the finger, but in rare cases, the sample of venous blood is used for this test.

Often, together with this type of diagnosis, endocrinology doctors recommend to pass ultrasound procedure pancreas. This will make it possible to identify serious inflammation and damage to the organ, resulting in the death of β-cells.

Results may be lower than the above norm. This is completely normal, since when fasting for 8 hours, insulin indicator decreases and is from 1.9 to 23 μED / l. In children, insulin is normal on an empty stomach located at 2 to 20 μed / l. In women, this indicator is significantly higher and equal to 6-27 μED / l.

Analysis with glucose load.

Preparing for this test should also be as well as the previous research method. This means that before analyzing glucose-olars, it is forbidden to use food at least within 8 hours. You should also adhere to other mandatory requirements specified above.

During the test, the patient is allowed to drink a solution of glucose in a volume of 75 ml adults and 50 ml of small children. Then they are waiting for two hours and after emission of insulin, blood is carried out for the study. Measuring the insulin level of the patient must be maintained complete calm - do not worry and do not perform physical exertion, as it seriously affects the results of the analysis.

Ideally, the insulin concentration after glucose load should be from 13 to 15 μED / l for adults, from 16 to 17 μED / l for pregnant women and in children insulin 10-11 μED / l.

But if the result of the analysis is lower or high, but at the same time not exceeding the limits of the norm healthy man, Such indicators should be considered non-dangerous.

High and low insulin symptoms

Symptoms that manifest themselves at high and low, insulin is largely similar. As is known, diabetes mellitus 1 and 2 types develop at the same picture, although they have different reasons occurrence. With these illnesses, the patient feels extremely bad, but the first of their signs may not be too noticeable.

It is important to remember that diabetes is a disease that needs to be identified quickly, without waiting for development hazardous complications. Of course, its main symptoms are shortage and excess insulin, as well as high blood sugar, since this hormone is responsible for the absorption of glucose.

But to check the content of insulin in the blood can only be in laboratory conditions. Therefore, you should remember other symptoms indicating the development of diabetes. These include the following characteristic signs:

• Severe thirst;
• Abundant urination;
• Sharp weight loss;
• Increased appetite;
• Dryness and peeling of the skin;
• Increased irritability;
• Chronic fatigue;
• Cramps in the legs;
• Numbness and tingling in the limbs;
• Slow healing of wounds;
• Frequent colds;
• Cystitis, urethritis and candidiasis in women;
• Low potency in men;
• Hair loss;
• Inflammation of the gums, caries;
• Skin itching, frequent dermatitis.

The presence of these symptoms in humans may indicate a serious violation of the pancreas and violation of insulin secretion. Such a state requires immediate medical care.

How to raise and lower insulin

Know what should be normal level Insulin, many patients are asked: how to raise or reduce insulin in the blood? Most effectively can be done using special drugshelping to deal with diabetes mellitus.

So drugs to reduce sugar also help reduce the secretion of insulin hormone and reduce its concentration in the body with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Medications that reduce insulin should be taken daily, which will reduce the load from the pancreas and prevent its exhaustion.

But it is important to choose medications that increase the sensitivity of tissues to insulin and thereby reduce glucose concentration. In no case should not use drugs, the consequence of the receipt of which is the enhanced generation of insulin.

Available for cell cells, as a result of which they are obtained by energy necessary for functioning. The importance of insulin in the body is best known for diabetics, which have the deficit of this hormone. Behind the level of hormone in the blood should be followed by people and without diabetes as prophylaxis.

Insulin is a vital, without which the metabolism, cells and tissues are disturbed cannot function normally. It is produced. In the gland there are areas with beta cells that synthesize insulin. Such sites are called Langerhans Islands. First, the inactive form of insulin is formed, which passes through several steps and turns into an active.

It is necessary to control the level of insulin in the blood, the norm of which can vary not only from age, but also from meals and other factors.

Insulin acts as a kind of conductor. Sugar enters the body with food, in the intestine it is from food absorbed into the blood, and glucose is distinguished from it, which is an important source of energy for the body. However, the glucose itself does not fall into the cells, for the exclusion of insulin-dependent tissues, which include brain cells, blood vessels, blood cells, retina, kidney and. The remaining cells need insulin, which makes them a membrane permeable for glucose.

If the level of glucose in the blood increases, insulinnene-dependent fabrics begin to absorb it in large quantities, therefore, when the blood sugar is strongly exceeded, the brain cells, vision, kidney of the vessel suffer the first thing. They experience a huge burden, absorbing excess glucose.

Several important insulin functions:

• It allows glucose to penetrate into the cells, where it splits into water, carbon dioxide and energy. Energy is used by a cell, and carbon dioxide is displayed and enters into the lungs.
• Glucose is synthesized by cells. Insulin blocks the formation of new glucose molecules in the liver, reducing the load on the organ.
• Insulin allows you to store glucose in the form of glycogen. In case of starvation and shortage of sugar, glycogen disintegrates and is converted into glucose.
• Insulin makes the cell cells permeable not only for glucose, but also for some amino acids.
• Insulin is produced in the body throughout the day, but its development increases with an increase in blood glucose levels (in healthy body), while eating. Violation of insulin production affects the entire metabolism in the body, but mainly on the exchange of carbohydrates.

Diagnostics and norm depending on age

Insulin's diagnosis is usually prescribed by a doctor, but to check the level of insulin in the blood, like the level of glucose, can be without indications for prevention. As a rule, fluctuations in this hormone are noticeable and sensitive. A person notices various unpleasant symptoms and signs of violation of the internal organs.

Insulin rate:

• The rate of hormone in the blood of women and children ranges from 3 to 20-25 μED / ml.
• In men - up to 25 μED / ml.
• During pregnancy, the fabric and cell cages need larger quantities Energy, the body comes more glucose, which means the level of insulin increases. The norm in pregnant women is considered to be the level of insulin 6-27 μED / ml.
• The elderly also has also increased this indicator. The pathology is considered to be the indicator below 3 and above 35 μED / ml.

The level of hormone fluctuates in the blood during the day, and also has extensive reference values \u200b\u200bin diabetics, since the hormone level depends on the stage of the disease, treatment, such as diabetes.

As a rule, during diabetes, blood test for sugar is given, the definition of insulin in the blood is required with more serious cases of diabetes with complications and at various hormonal disorders.

Blood fence rules for insulin in serum do not differ from standard preparation rules:

• Analysis for rent on an empty stomach. Before the blood fence, it is not recommended to drink, smoke, brushing your teeth, use rinsers for the oral cavity. You can drink clean water without gas an hour before the survey, but the last meal must be no later than 8 hours before blood.
• During the period of the survey, the patient should not take any medicines. It is recommended to analyze after a couple of weeks after the end of receiving all drugs. If canceled drugs are impossible for health status, the entire list of drugs taken and dosage is entered into the analysis.
• During the day or two before visiting the laboratory, it is recommended to abandon the "harmful" food (fried in fryer, too sharp, greasy meat, strongly salty foods), spices, alcohol, fast food, carbonated sweet drinks.
• It is advisable to avoid physical and emotional loads on the eve of the survey. Before donated blood, you need to relax minutes 10.

Excess insulin can be observed after meals, but even in this case, the hormone level should be within the boundaries of reference values. Pathologically high levels of insulin leads to irreversible consequences, violates all vital systems of the body.

The symptoms of increasing insulin usually include nausea when hunger, elevated appetite, fainting, trembling, sweating, tachycardia.

Physiological conditions (pregnancy, food, physical exercise) lead to a minor increase in the level of hormone. The causes of the pathological increase in the level of this indicator are most often various serious diseases:

• Insulinoma. Insulinoma is most often benign tumor Islands of Langerhans. The tumor stimulates insulin production and leads to hypoglycemia. The forecast is usually favorable. Tumor is removed surgicallyAfter which, almost 80% of patients comes full recovery.
• Type 2 diabetes. Second type diabetes is accompanied by high levels Insulin in the blood, but it is useless to absorb glucose. This type of diabetes is called insulin independent. It occurs because of heredity or overweight.
• . This disease is also called giantism. The pituitary starts to produce an excessive amount, growth hormone. For the same reason, the production of other hormones is enhanced, for example, insulin.
• Cushing syndrome. In this case, blood syndromes increases the level of glucocorticoids. People with Cushing syndrome have overweight problems, a fat stupor in the goiter area, various skin diseaseMuscular weakness.
• Polycystic ovarian. In women with polycystic ovaries, various hormonal violations, leading to an increase in the level of insulin in the blood.

A large amount of insulin leads to the destruction of vessels, excess weight, hypertension, increase, in some cases oncological diseasesSince insulin stimulates the growth of cells, including tumor.

Insulin in the blood is lowered

The lack of insulin leads to an increase in blood sugar levels and a decrease in its penetration into cells. As a result of the body's tissue, they begin to starve from the lack. In people with low insulin, there is an elevated thirst, sharp attacks of hunger, irritability, frequent urges To urination.

Insulin lack in the body is observed in the following states and diseases:

• Type 1 diabetes. Often type 1 diabetes arises due to hereditary predisposition, as a result of which the pancreas does not cope with the production of hormone. The diabetes mellitus of the first type is sharp and leads to a rapid deterioration of the patient's condition. Most often, diabetics are experiencing strong hunger and thirst, poorly carry starvation, but they do not gain weight. They have lethargy, fatigue, nasty smell from mouth. This form of diabetes is not age and is often manifested in childhood.
• Overeating. The lack of insulin can be observed in people who abuse flour products and sweets. Incorrect diet can also lead to diabetes.
• Infectious diseases. Some chronic and sharp infectious diseases They lead to the destruction of the tissues of the islands of Langerhans and the death of beta cells responsible for the production of insulin. The body is experiencing a shortage of hormone, which leads to various complications.
• Nervous and physical exhaustion. With constant stress and unbearable physical exertion, a large amount of glucose is consumed, and the insulin level may fall.

More insulin information can be found from the video:

In the overwhelming majority of cases, the lack of hormone leads to exactly the first type. He often leads to various complications, dangerous to human life. The consequences of such a form of diabetes include hypoglycemia (a dangerous and sharp drop in blood glucose levels), which can lead to hypoglycemic coma and death, ketoacidosis (increased content in the blood of the exchange and ketone bodies), leading to a violation of the work of all vital organs of the body .

With a long-term course of the disease over time, other consequences may occur, such as the diseases of the retina, ulcers and naphters on the legs, trophic ulcers, weakness in limbs and chronic pain.

During the day, insulin concentration in our vessels is repeatedly changing. Pancreas changes the intensity of the emission of this hormone after eating, physical training, in stress. The level of insulin in the blood is due to age, weighing, hormonal status of a person, so its normal values \u200b\u200bare located in a rather wide range. Deviation of insulin content from the norm is not a diagnosis. This is just a laboratory indicator, which may indicate any violations in the body. To reveal and adjust the causes of deviations, you need additional research, consultation therapist or endocrinologist.

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Insulin production during diabetes

Insulin affects all the processes of metabolism, but its main function is to adjust the carbohydrate exchange, supporting the norm of glucose in the vessels. Due to the insulin glucose from the blood, it is redirected to the muscles and other fabrics, where either utilized, giving the body with energy, or is postponed to reserves in the form of glycogen.

In most cases, an increase in insulin level in adults is an indicator of chronic violations in carbohydrate exchange. This is either the beginning or a predisposition to it. Due to the deficit physical activity, high carbon black, lack of vitamins and fiber, excess weight It begins to develop - reducing the sensitivity of body cells to insulin. Our muscles do not need as much energy as they get, and glucose begins to copy in the vessels. If at this stage reduce the consumption of carbohydrates and increase activity - diabetes can be avoided.

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The growth of insulin indicators is an attempt at the body to overcome insulin resistance. It is observed in the stage and in the first years of diabetes. As a rule, at this stage of glucose or remains normal, or slightly exceeds it. Over the years, the pancreas tired to work in the avral mode, insulin decreases, and then falls below the norm. By this time, the patient already has enough high sugar, to bring them to normal medical methods or tough diet.

The drop in insulin level in children and young people is usually a sign. It is caused by the destruction of the pancreas cells that produce this hormone. With lifestyle this violation It is not connected, the cause of insulin deficiency with this type of diabetes is autoimmune processes. As soon as insulin falls below the norm, the patient is needed replacement therapy - Injection administration of insulin drugs.

Norms insulin

In laboratories, insulin norms are seriously different. It's connected with various methods Its definitions, the use of reagents of various manufacturers. In laboratories that use an immunochemical method, in adults normal indicators Usually 2.7 - 10.4 μED / ml are considered. Mandatory conditions: An analysis was made on an empty stomach; The weight of the patient is either normal or above it exceeds (up to BMI 30).

Upon receipt of the analysis results, the value of the norm for a particular laboratory is given in the column of the "Reference values" table. Repeated analyzes are better to do in the same place or at least the same method.

According to the results from different laboratories, it is impossible to reliably determine, the insulin has increased or decreased.

Norms for men

In men, insulin rate is more stable than women. Indicators depend only on weight and age:

1. The higher the weight, the more organism You need insulin. In addition, overweight tissue leads to a decrease in the number of insulin receptors, which is why the sensitivity to the hormone falls.
2. Physiological insulin resistance is developing with age. For carbohydrate service, there is more insulin, blood sugar is slightly higher than in youth.

Frequently used boundaries of the norm in men are given in the table:

Female standards

Women also trace the dependence of insulin levels from age and weight. Additional enhancement factors are hormone racing during pregnancy, long reception oral contraceptives.

Characteristic of the patient	Blood insulin rate in woman, MCED / ml
	min.	max
Young women with normal weight	2,7	10,4
1 trimester of pregnancy	2,7	10,4
2-3 trimester	6	27
Young women with overweight	2,7	24,9
Women from 60 years	6	36

In the first weeks of pregnancy, insuline need is slightly reduced, so its release in the bloodstream can decrease. Starting with 2 trimesters at the same time as the growth of other hormones should increase the synthesis of insulin. If the pancreas copes with the task, sugar remains normal. If insulin production is impossible in large volumes, the woman develops. In 3 trimester, insulin resistance grows by 50%, the production of insulin - about 3 times. Immediately after childbirth, the need for insulin drops sharply, its development is reduced, gestational diabetes disappears.

Norms for children

Activity in children is usually higher than adults. Despite the low weight, they need quite a lot of energy. Younger schoolchildren need a day to 2600 kcal, which is quite comparable to the need for adults. Therefore, insulin rate in childhood equal to adult: 2.7-10.4. Teenagers insulin resistance is higher due to hormonal jumps, insulin is produced more. Blood insulin rates in adolescents are covered by a range of 2.7-25 μED / ml.

If in a child normal weightAnd it does not experience hypoglycemia symptoms, a slight increase in insulin over reference indicators is not the cause of concern. Most likely, it is caused by the processes of growth and ripening.

Types of analyzes

To identify the insulin content in the vessels, it is necessary to pass the analysis "Immunoreactive insulin". Indications for assigning analysis are:

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1. Suspicion of a tumor consisting of the beta cells of the pancreas. In this case, insulin can ten times higher than the norm.
2. Evaluation of performance surgical treatment Such tumors.
3. Identification of the cause of hypoglycemia.
4. Evaluation of the functions of the pancreas with 2 type of diabetes. In doubtful cases, using the analysis, the issue of appointing insulin injections or drugs that enhances the synthesis of its own hormone is solved.
5. With diabetes easy degree And prediabet research can be appointed to evaluate insulin resistance. In this case, it is surrendered simultaneously with blood glucose (Test Homa-Ir).

In case of insulin-dependent diabetes, the test of insulin content in the blood does not apply, so on to. laboratory methods It is impossible to distinguish endogenous insulin from the outside entered. To estimate the functions of the pancreas, a study "" is used.

Insulin on an empty stomach

Most often insulin indicators are determined by an empty stomach. Rules for preparing for analysis:

1. 8-14-hour starvation until blood delivery. The insulin rate after meals is much higher (up to 173), so non-compliance of this condition can lead to serious distortion of the result, and therefore, to incorrect diagnosis.
2. If possible, the abolition of drugs and biodeadows for 24 hours.
3. Exception of excessively oily food and alcohol on the eve of smoking an hour before the blood fence.
4. Cancel workout and other physical activity per day preceding the analysis.
5. Avoiding psycho-emotional loads in the evening and in the morning before the study.

Insulin under load

This analysis It is quite rarely used when you need to track the reaction of the pancreas for changing blood sugar. Usually it is carried out simultaneously with. At the stage, empty stomach glucose and insulin are measured. Then the pancreas "load" glucose (usually gives it to drink it). The normal reaction to such a load is the growth of blood glucose and with a little deletion of insulin growth, then slow decrease in both indicators. After 2 hours of glucose should be up to 11.1, insulin - up to 79. Be sure to find the reference values \u200b\u200bof your laboratory for insulin in the printout of the results, they may differ.

Negative influence of high insulin

If insulin is raised, disorders cover all organism systems:

1. Glucose regulation becomes jumps like: First, its level is too high, but after the insulin emission is excessively declining. A person feels weak hypoglycemia: nervousness, hunger, craving for sweet. Carbohydrate consumption automatically increases, the patient is one step closer to diabetes.
2. High insulin contributes to the synthesis of fats, prevents their splitting. Man is increasingly gaining weight.
3. Simultaneously with increasing fatty fiber, blood lipids are growing. Particularly dangerous adipose tissue in abdominal cavity: Triglycerides from it penetrate the blood more active.
4. The synthesis of cholesterol increases in the liver, the risk of atherosclerosis is growing.
5. Excess insulin affects blood coagulation factors, which in combination with atherosclerosis provokes thrombosis.
6. Long high insulin increases the tone nervous system, narrows the vessels, which causes an increase in blood pressure.

How to normalize insulin

Insulin growth is just part complex mechanism Metabolic disorders. Changes in the exchange of substances accumulate, the person turns out in a closed circle: the weight is an insulin growth - excessive appetite - the formation of a new fat. It is possible to break it only by cardinal change in lifestyle.

First of all, diets with the restriction of carbohydrates are prescribed. Everything falls under a strict prohibition, since they are the highest insulin burst. The volume of complex carbohydrates in the menu is limited to 20-40% of the total nutrient volume. For the prevention of atherosclerosis from the diet, animal fats are cleaned.

To restore the normal consumption of glucose with muscles, you need to increase the load on them. Any kind of classes are effective. Cardiotrans acts limited time: 2 days increase the absorption of sugars, therefore they put them in the schedule 3 times a week. Power workouts contribute to muscle growth - the main consumer of glucose. The ideal option for inclined to diabetes is the alternation of both types of loads.

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Insulin is an essential hormone to maintain normal metabolism in the human body. The influence rate in the blood obtained during hormone analysis may explain many processes associated with the metabolism.

Very often, the result of the analysis above the norm can explain the presence of excess weight. If the level below the norm may be observed clinical picture With bad digestibility of carbohydrates and, as a result, the weight will be insufficient. Many women are interested, what is the normal insulin content in women? The first thing you need to know - in men and women, the norms are absolutely the sameThe exception is women in a state of pregnancy and children.

The only pattern is that men on statistics are higher than the risk of getting diabetes after a forty-year line, due to the greater tendency to the wrong way of life. Therefore, men should carefully monitor the health of the pancreas. Insulin action is directed to the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism. His mechanism of action is simple - after eating food, it begins to significantly increase with glucose, roughly speaking, the higher the glucose, the higher the insulin will be. To settle elevated level Glucose, insulin increases for the assimilation of the carbohydrates obtained, and also so that the cells can get sugar. Thanks to this hormone, glucose, potassium, replaceable and essential amino acids take place.

Norms indicators

First of all, people with suspicion of diabetes are obtained for the surrender to the level of hormone. Thanks to the indicators, it is possible to reveal a more accurate picture in the diagnosis of the disease (which type of diabetes, as far as the running situation).

• in a healthy person, the indicators will be within 3 - 26 MCED per milliliter;
• in children, indicators begin from 3 to 19 mCed per milliliter (somewhat lower than in adults);
• normal indicators are higher than in the usual condition, pregnant women are considered from 6 to 28 MCED per milliliter, and the elderly norm starts from 6 to 35 mbed per milliliter.

The hormone level fluctuates throughout the day. Besides, this indicator It changes in female during puberty, ladies. accepting hormonal drugs. Influence the amount of insulin in women may also have a diet.

That the hormone level deviates from normal, the following factors may indicate:

• student urination,
• constant desire to drink
• chronic fatigue,
• skin coverings on the palms and feet are often scratched,
• poorly heal wounds.

With the appearance of such signs, you should contact a specialist and pass the survey.

How to pass the analysis

• as for most analyzes for hormones, the blood is surrendered to the sutra strictly on-line;
• during the day before the analysis, it is necessary to exclude intensive physical exertion;
• 12 hours before the surrender of the hormone, it is impossible to eat food, it is forbidden to drink tea, coffee or juice sutra, only the usual non-carbonated water. The minimum period between the test and food intake - 8 hours;
• also 2 days before the outlined date in the laboratory need to stop eating fatty food
• on the eve, alcoholic beverages cannot be consumed;
• 2-3 hours before the analysis, it is impossible to smoke;
• girls can take a test for this hormone regardless of the day menstrual cycleSince insulin does not apply to sex hormones, and the cycle date will not affect the result.

Increased insulin level

The value above the norm may be caused:

• permanent exhausting physical exertion (especially this applies to a beautiful floor that loves to make herself with superfluous loads in the gym);
• chronic experiences and stressful situations;
• certain pathologies of the liver and biliary tract;
• sugar diabetes of second type;
• increased content of growth hormone in the body (acromegaly);
• cushing, obesity syndrome;
• mNSULINOMA (neoplasm, capable of distorting indicators in the overestimated side);
• dystrophic mitotonia (diseases of neuromuscular conductivity);
• violation of metabolic processes;
• climbing the pituitary
• polycystic ovarian syndrome (exclusively female disease);
• benign neoplasms in adrenal glands;
• diseases of the pancreas.

What can indicate a reduced level of values?

Low level sometimes indicates:

• type 1 diabetes;
• constant sedentary lifestyle, especially in men;
• problems in the work of the sishkovoid gland;
• excessive physical exertion (especially on an empty stomach);
• daily use of excessive sugar and flour;
• strong nervous overvoltage;
• chronic course of infectious disease.

Insulin resistance index and for which it is carried out

Insulin resistance index is a specific test that is carried out to detect insulin resistance. Before his passing, an extra physical activity is excluded so that the resulting index after testing is not distorted. Insulin resistance is a violation of the biological reaction in the tissues of the body to the outside obtained or producing insulin.

To obtain the indicators of this index, you need to introduce insulin intravenously on an empty stomach at the rate of 0.1 unit per 1 kilogram of body weight. After the introduction of the substance, it is necessary every minute for fifteen minutes to measure the level of glucose in the body (short testing). Or you can measure the level of glucose every 5 minutes for 40 minutes from the moment the drug is intravenously.

Long version of the test - measure the level of glucose every 10 minutes within an hour. Testing is possible for everyone, including men and children. Suspicions of insulin resistance can cause such factors:

• obesity or intensive grease in the abdominal area (waist, sides and stomach);
• detection of protein in urine analysis;
• chronically increased blood pressure;
• bad indicators of total cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood.

The most obvious symptom among all is grease on the waist and stomach. Knowing its index insulin resistance will help to further avoid many health problems. The insulin resistance index is recommended to recognize everything after 40 years, especially men, because they are prone to abdominal obesity genetically. Moreover, after 40, physical exertion in people decrease sharply.