Occlusive thrombosis. What is occlusive deep and superficial vein thrombosis and how is it treated? Acute occlusive thrombosis of the left gastrocnemius muscle

Date: 19.10.2019

Occlusive thrombosis of venous vessels in the legs is expressed in a pathology that has a very acute course. Blood clots begin to form, which completely block the lumen of the venous vessels. In our article, we will look at the disease from all sides. We will identify the causes and symptoms. Let's talk about methods of diagnosis and treatment.

The legs can be both external and internal factors. Intrinsic factors are gene mutations and an inherited predisposition to disease. All these factors are grouped into the “Vikhrov triad”. Let's explain what it is:

The viscosity of the blood increases, it becomes thicker in consistency. Metabolic problems begin, kidneys are affected, and there is a risk of developing cancer. All these criteria are the main causes of the disease.

Slow blood flow. This violation of normal blood flow leads to the fact that the vessels are compressed, varicose veins occur, and congestion appears in the lower part of the limbs.

The third root cause is a change in the structure of the walls of the venous vessels, which can happen after injury or surgery.

Also, there are reasons secondary type who are sluggish and place people with such problems at risk:

Being overweight.
Operations.
Fractures.
Tobacco smoking.
Frequent flights.
Endocrine system diseases.
Pregnancy period.

In addition, people who lead an inactive lifestyle are at risk. Persons who, by the will of fate, are obliged to be immobilized. Persons whose profession involves a long stay in an upright or sitting position.

People who frequently use air travel or use the services of railway structures are also at risk.

All these reasons, accompanied by occlusion of thrombus formation, are important.

They lead to slow blood circulation, it does not flow into the heart area - occlusive thrombosis is provoked.

Symptoms

Occlusive not every time can be determined on initial stages, this is his insidiousness. The formation of a blood clot can proceed without any clear signs. Unpleasant sensations will not appear.

But over time, the disease will remind of itself more than once. Symptoms will be based on and modified due to a variety of factors - the stage of the disease, the size of the blood clot and the area of the lesion.

At the first stage of the disease, when touching the painful area, unpleasant sensation... The severity of this symptom can vary depending on the specific course of the disease.

The second stage of the development of the disease is characterized by increased swelling, the affected area may turn blue.

In addition, symptoms such as appear:

Cramps in the legs at night.
Heaviness in the lower limbs.
Fever and redness in the focus of the disease.
Increased sensitivity.
It hurts to step on.

If the occlusive type of leg thrombosis is located in the great saphenous vein or in a deep vessel, then the symptoms will not be so bright. However, the lack of pronounced signs is the main danger. It is especially worthwhile to be wary of those who have symptoms such as chest pain.

This is due to the fact that it begins to develop. This disease is one of the most dangerous, as it leads to the death of the patient in 97 percent of cases. Symptoms of the disease are characteristic of non-occlusive problems with the lower extremities.

Diagnostics

During the diagnosis of the disease, first of all, it is necessary to determine the place of occurrence of the blood clot, its dimensions and the level of distribution along the venous vessel.

If the disease is found in a timely manner, then the therapy will be successful and will not lead to adverse consequences.

To clearly determine the presence of a pathological process, such diagnostics of thrombosis as:

Conducting a common laboratory analysis blood, which will determine the presence inflammatory process.
The use of a coagulogram to determine the parameters of the growth of the blood coagulation process.
Analysis of blood composition for tumor markers.
Dual scan.
Contrast examination of veins.
Ultrasound procedure lower limbs.
Radiography of the lungs.
Electrocardiogram.

Treatment

Occlusive thrombosis in the venous vessels of the legs suggests that there is a need for systematic treatment. The main criterion for the direction of therapy for this disease is a guideline for the elimination of all the vivid symptoms of the disease.

In addition, it is important to alleviate the patient's condition as a whole and to do everything to maximize the quality of his life. It is also necessary to ensure that the disease does not progress.

It is worth excluding the risk of accompanying complications that pose a clear threat not only to health, but also to the patient's life.

In general, the disease can be treated on an outpatient basis, which implies the use of conservative treatment methods. In most cases, the owners of the disease, which fix a blood clot.

This makes it possible to normalize the blood circulation processes. The use of medication implies the inclusion of drugs such as phlebotonics and pain medications.

It is worth noting that the appointment of drugs and the setting of a clear dosage can only be carried out by the attending physician. This happens on an individual basis.

If the patient also has thrombophlebitis of the veins under the skin, which is classified as acute, and besides, complications are reinforced, then special treatment methods are prescribed. These procedures are carried out only in a hospital setting. Medicines are administered using a syringe or through a catheter.

In particularly difficult situations when defeat occurs vascular system, which is located under the deep cover of the skin, you can apply only one method of treatment - the operation of the veins of the lower extremities.

The main indications that imply an operation are accompanied by symptoms such as:

Compression of blood clots by tumors or lymph nodes.
The risk of a blood clot breaking is too high.
Development acute course inflammatory process.

In order for the treatment of the disease to be the most effective and efficient, the patient must follow a number of rules:

Reduce the amount of physical activity as much as possible in order to provide the injured limb with maximum comfort and peace.
Drink plenty of clean drinking water. Volume - not less than two and a half liters per day. This is necessary in order to reduce the density and viscosity of the blood, to make it thinner. Such measures reduce the risk of a blood clot.
Principles to be followed proper nutrition avoid alcohol, fatty foods, fried foods and cholesterol-rich foods.

Occlusive thrombosis, which is located in the area of the lower extremities, is a complex disease that can lead not only to an extreme degree of disability, but also to the death of the patient. Therefore, it is necessary to treat it prematurely and take preventive measures.

Prognosis of the disease

Everything is clearly interconnected with where the blood clot is located and what its size is. By itself, occlusive thrombosis is not particularly dangerous. This is because the obstructing thrombus is very clearly attached to the wall of the venous vessel and completely blocks the outflow of blood.

The thrombus, which is located near the wall, is also not very dangerous, since it cannot begin further growth and develop into a floating one. However, the likelihood of a thrombus that has become floating is very high.

If the disease is classified as a consequence of the influence of factors of short exposure, which are accompanied by the need to restrict movement. If the factors that provoke the development of the disease do not stop their further development, then blood clots can appear again, even after a successful outcome of therapy.

Prevention measures

In order for the treatment of occlusive thrombosis to be classified as the most effective, it is necessary to follow preventive measures:

Reduce the level of loads physical type to keep the problem area at rest.
It is worth using elastic bandages and compression garments to bring the blood flow back to normal as much as possible.
It is necessary to follow the principles of proper nutrition, observe the balance of useful microelements. The consumption of fats, salts and alcohol should be minimized.

In addition, it is worth changing static poses as often as possible, sometimes to warm up. Try to sit or stand so as to squeeze the vessels as little as possible. For example, don't cross one foot. It is worth buying comfortable clothes, not wearing belts.

Now you know about such a disease as occlusive thrombosis. It is important to recognize the disease in time, for this you should be careful about your health, especially if you are at risk. If you have been diagnosed with this unpleasant disease, then it is important to impeccably follow the prescriptions of your doctor.

It is worth carefully considering all dosages and rules for taking medications. If treatment in a hospital is required, then you cannot refuse it, as this can lead to the risk of complications. We wish you good health.

Vascular pathologies are increasingly common in medical practice... One of the most dangerous diseases is thrombosis, characterized by the formation of a blood clot in the lumen of the vessel. It can be non-occlusive, that is, blocking only part of the lumen. If it blocks the vein completely, they talk about the occurrence of occlusive thrombosis.

What it is?

Slow blood circulation, causing stagnation of blood in the vessels.
Increased blood clotting, in which platelets tend to clump quickly and form blood clots. Usually this phenomenon is observed in people suffering from malignant tumors, liver diseases, metabolic failure in the body.
Damage to the structure of the vascular walls. This is possible after injuries, operations, injections and with pathologies of an infectious or immunoallergic nature.

There are also factors that can trigger the development of occlusive thrombosis. These include a hereditary predisposition, overweight, lack of vitamins, malformations, obliterating atherosclerosis, bad habits, sedentary lifestyle.

Clinic of the disease

The symptoms of occlusive thrombosis manifest themselves in different ways, depending on the extent to which the pathology develops, what is the area of the vascular lesion. At early stage soreness is observed, which appears only after touching the damaged area.

Over time, swelling of the legs suddenly occurs, which rapidly increases. With the development of thrombosis, a large saphenous vein the skin of the legs turns blue. If the pathology affects the deep vessels of the extremities, Clinical signs may be completely absent or be of low intensity.

If in the area chest soreness occurs, then development is possible dangerous complication thrombosis - thromboembolism pulmonary artery... In this case health care needed immediately. Otherwise, death occurs.

Also, patients may experience the following symptoms:

convulsions at night;
redness of the skin;
swelling of the limbs;
feeling of heaviness in the legs;
an increase in local temperature in the affected area;
pain syndrome that occurs when moving or touching.

The presence of these signs of pathology is a serious reason for an urgent visit to a specialist.

Patient examination

Treatment is prescribed by a doctor only after receiving examination results that allow an accurate diagnosis to be made. Several methods are used to detect thrombosis. First, the doctor examines the patient, specifies what symptoms bother him. After that, he prescribes laboratory and instrumental methods survey.

Duplex scanning

The most informative diagnostic method for detecting occlusive thrombosis is duplex ultrasound. It helps to determine the degree of blood flow disturbance, the parameters of an obstructive thrombus, the area of the blockage of the lumen and the state of the vessels.

X-ray examination

If scanning fails to obtain full information, a radiopaque phlebography is prescribed. In the process, a contrast agent is injected into the vessel, after which a number of pictures are taken. Thanks to this method determine the location of the thrombus, its size, shape, condition of the walls of blood vessels and vein valves.

Laboratory research

Patients are required to pass the following blood tests:

General clinical, allowing to assess the blood content, changes in it can indicate various disorders in the body.
Biochemical, which helps to draw conclusions about the most important functions of the body, to identify pathology in the early stages.
Coagulogram, which determines the degree of blood clotting.

Diagnostic measures are used in combination, due to which it is possible to obtain a complete picture of the disease and prescribe effective treatment for every patient.

Treatment

Anyone, whether occlusive or ileofemoral, is treated with complex therapy... Its purpose is to eliminate the symptoms of the disease, normalize general condition the patient's health, preventing the progression of the disease and the occurrence of complications that pose a danger to human life.

Conservative method

Using conservative way therapy, patients need to reduce physical activity, do exercises from exercise therapy, follow a diet and refuse bad habits.

Also, patients need to take medications... These include:

Anticoagulants that thin the blood, normalizing its clotting.
Phlebotonics to increase the tone of the walls of blood vessels, improve blood circulation.
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NPS) that are used to suppress inflammation.
Medicines aimed at improving metabolic processes in the body.
Diuretics to remove excess fluid.

It is not necessary for the patient to be prescribed all of these drugs. It all depends on the specific situation. In any case, they can only be taken on the recommendation of the attending doctor.

Surgical method

With inefficiency conservative therapy doctors resort to

operations. There are several types of interventions that are used for occlusive thrombosis. These include:

Phlebectomy. It consists in the complete or partial removal of the damaged vessel. The operation is quite difficult in terms of recovery, the patient needs long time for rehabilitation.
Thrombectomy. With it, a vein is excised, the obstructing thrombus is removed from it, after which the vessel is cleaned, disinfected and sutured.
Endovascular surgery. It performs the same function - it eliminates a blood clot, but differs in preserving the structure of the vessel. The intervention is carried out using a catheter that pulls a blood clot from a vein.

Diet

For treatment to be most effective, patients are strongly advised to follow the rules. diet food... The main rule of the diet is the use of foods that promote blood thinning, and the exclusion of foods that increase blood clotting.

Food for thrombosis should include cereals, dairy products with low fat content, fresh vegetables and fruits, and lean meats. It is also important to eat bread baked with flour. coarse, legumes.

It is recommended to eat foods that contain a large number of omega-3 acids. Many of these substances are found in fish. Its use in food reduces the content of triglycerides, normalizes blood viscosity. V mandatory fiber is included in the diet. She is able to maintain normal functioning of the digestive organs.

Doctors advise taking vitamin E along with the diet. pharmacy form, but you can eat foods rich in this substance. These include sunflower seeds, flax seeds, wheat sprouts, avocados, olive oil.

Important! You should not include chocolate, confectionery, fatty foods, smoked meats, fast food, alcoholic and carbonated drinks, sausage products in the menu. Such food leads to a quick blockage. blood vessels, impairs liver function.

ethnoscience

Unconventional methods are not able to completely get rid of this disease. They are used for auxiliary therapy to eliminate symptoms, improve the condition of the blood, blood vessels, and normalize blood circulation.

The mummy copes well with these tasks. It is required to dilute 0.15 g with a glass of water and drink twice a day a couple of hours before meals. You can also make compresses with white acacia infusion. To prepare the remedy, you need to pour a large spoonful of the plant with 100 ml of alcohol, insist for 10 days and use for external use.

Good healing effect produces folk medicine made from onions and honey. It is required to squeeze a glass of juice from the onion, mix it with the same amount of bee product, leave for 3 days in the room, then place in the refrigerator for 7 days. Take the finished product three times a day, a large spoonful before meals.

Methods traditional medicine it is allowed to use only after agreement with the treating doctor.

Prophylaxis

It is better to follow measures than to endanger your life. After all, this disease is very serious and often leads to lethal outcome... Unfortunately, few people think about it. It follows with young age adhere to all basic principles healthy way life.

Nowadays, due to various innovations, people have started to move less. The body suffers without physical activity, blood circulation is impaired, there is stagnation of blood in the vessels. This leads to the development of blood clots. Therefore, each person needs to move as much as possible.

Ideally, you should go in for sports, not necessarily professional. You can simply set aside 20 minutes a day for a light jog or an hour for swimming in the pool. If the work requires you to constantly be in a sitting position, you should charge every hour.

In addition to sports, you need to monitor your diet. The diet should be formulated so that blood viscosity does not increase. You need to consume more vitamins, fiber. Refuse fatty, salty foods, fast food. It is also required to observe a drinking regime - at least 2 liters of water per day.

Another important component of a healthy lifestyle is giving up bad habits. Smoking and alcohol have a negative effect on the state of the whole organism, in particular, blood vessels.

Loose clothing and footwear should be preferred that will not restrict the body. This will avoid obstructing blood flow.

Occlusive thrombosis - serious illness, requiring the timely intervention of doctors. At the slightest suspicion of the development of this pathology, an urgent need to visit a doctor and undergo a comprehensive examination.

Deep vein thrombosis, unfortunately, today has become a fairly common disease that affects not only the elderly and old age but also quite young people. The reasons for this are, as a rule, an incorrect and often unhealthy lifestyle, hard sedentary work, alcohol and fatty food abuse.

Causes of occlusive thrombosis

An additional source of threat of the development of occlusive thrombosis are:

... complications during pregnancy;
Injuries, operations on a large area of the body, requiring long-term adherence to bed rest;
Increased obesity;
Frequent flights, where, under conditions of changed pressure, a person remains stationary for a long time;
Long-term smoking;
Blood clotting disorder.

Occlusive thrombosis- This is a blockage of the lumen of the vessel by a thrombus with a complete cessation of the blood supply to the tissues. As a rule, this is due to an overgrown parietal thrombus or a sufficiently large accumulation of cholesterol plaques or formed elements brought with the blood flow. Despite the fact that the blood flow in the affected limb is disturbed, there is no very serious threat of its separation and drift with the blood flow into the brain or heart vessels.

A thrombus is formed and, growing, reaches a size that blocks the lumen of blood vessels for several reasons. These primarily include the violation of the integrity of the vascular wall as a result of an inflammatory process or injury; violation of blood clotting, which leads to its thickening and slow blood flow, which in turn creates the preconditions for the occurrence of thrombosis; the reason may be a violation of cellular composition blood, when an excess of formed elements tends to aggregate into large, poorly soluble conglomerates, which can also block the lumen of the vessel.

The course and diagnosis of occlusive thrombosis

Occlusive thrombosis begins with the appearance of significant edema on the affected limb, the skin first turns red sharply, then gradually turns pale or begins to acquire a bluish tint, occurs strong pain, the patient feels a burning sensation and bursting in the limb. It also happens that at first a person does not feel anything and thrombosis develops and progresses imperceptibly, leading unexpectedly to serious consequences, including disability or even death.

Occlusive thrombosis requires special measures for the diagnosis. The main method of detecting the presence and localization of a thrombus is duplex scanning in three- and four-dimensional modes. In addition, radiopaque phlebography is widely used, especially in cases where a thrombus has blocked the lumen. large vessel in the high parts of the limb. A special dye is injected into a vein and it is observed how far it can move with the croca current. The place where the color remains unchanged is the point of localization of the thrombus. For more severe lesions requiring a thorough examination before carrying out surgical intervention, perform MR - or CT - angiography.

Treatment of occlusive thrombosis

Patient assistance should be provided as quickly as possible. Our medical Center very successfully treats occlusive thrombosis. The main task that is posed at the same time is to prevent the detachment of a blood clot in order to avoid severe, often fatal complications... In occlusive thrombosis, it is usually indicated therapeutic treatment... The patient is prescribed drugs that thin the blood and help dissolve the blood clot, as well as prevent their new formation. This task is served by the use of heparin, intravenous drip.

To remove a blood clot if medications did not help, a special technique is used by a vascular surgeon. The doctor inserts an appropriately sized vascular catheter into the blocked vein. Through it, he injects a medicinal thrombolytic agent. With this method, even the largest clot can be removed, without the risk of its progress further along the vascular network. Treatment is carried out on the basis of our hospital, which is equipped with everything necessary for a comfortable stay of the patient and maximum effect from the treatment. It is also important to consider that long-term intake anticoagulants can cause bleeding, so the patient should be under constant supervision of medical personnel. In addition to heparin therapy, with occlusive thrombosis, a course of warfarin is prescribed with constant monitoring of the patient's kaogulogram.

Preventive measures to avoid recurrence of occlusive thrombosis

After discharge, in order to avoid recurrence of occlusive thrombosis, a series of necessary recommendations doctor:

... regularly take blood thinners according to the instructions and strictly in compliance with the testimony of a specialist;
Wear elastic bandages on your legs in order to normalize the condition of the veins and, accordingly, improve the blood supply to the tissues;
Use compression hosiery to restore full-fledged venous blood flow in the limb;
As soon as possible, it is desirable to get out of bed as early as possible after treatment, as well as exercise physiotherapy exercises and the use of dosed walking.

It is important to observe preventive measures also to people who are not currently suffering from thrombosis, but who are at risk, especially those who have already been diagnosed varicose veins veins.

Deep vessel occlusive thrombosis is a type of thrombus formation that involves complete blockage of the vascular lumen.

The development of occlusive thrombosis in most cases begins in the vessels of the lower leg (sural thrombosis), and in the case of late diagnosis and untimely therapy, occlusion spreads along the vascular bed up to the great vena cava.

The danger of the disease lies in the fact that at its initial stages, the venous blood flow is still functioning and the patient practically does not feel discomfort.

Due to this feature, there are frequent cases of delayed diagnosis of occlusive thrombosis, serious trophic pathologies and patient disability.

In most cases, deep vein occlusive thrombosis is diagnosed; complete blockage of the superficial vessels of the lower extremities is less common.

Also, more frequent cases of diagnosing occlusive thrombosis on the left limb than on the right, due to anatomical structure vascular system.

By ICD - international classification diseases - this disease is assigned a code 180.

The causes of the disease

The general prerequisites for the development of thrombosis, including of an occlusive nature, are three interrelated factors:

Violation of the speed of blood flow, its slowdown, the formation of venous congestion.
Accelerated blood clotting, predisposition to thrombus formation.
Destruction of the healthy structure of the inner layer of the venous wall due to mechanical factors: injections, blows, operations, or due to varicose deformities.

In number social factors development of vascular occlusion of the legs include:

Reaching the age of 40 or older.
Operational interventions.
Infectious and oncological diseases.
Hormone therapy, including family planning.
Prolonged physical inactivity, weakness.
Varicose disease.
Frequent injections in the leg area.
The habit of using tobacco and alcohol.

Symptomatic signs

Common symptoms of occlusive deep vein thrombosis of the lower extremities:

Moderate pain during palpation and dynamics.
Puffiness that progresses at an accelerated rate. With occlusive deep vein thrombosis, the initial stages of the disease are usually asymptomatic, which complicates its diagnosis.
The onset of the disease can also be indicated by: a feeling of heaviness, burning sensation in the calves of the legs, discoloration of the skin, discomfort while walking.

Sural vein thrombosis symptoms

Most often, occlusive thrombosis of the sural veins is diagnosed, that is, thrombosis in the sinuses of the gastrocnemius muscle with a gradual spread of the clot from the popliteal region towards the great vena cava.

With this course of the disease, the symptoms are also mild, soreness can be acute or moderate, felt when moving, bending ankle, when squeezed.

If there is no timely treatment, there may be a complete blockage of the venous vessel, arrest of blood circulation. In this case, the symptoms are similar to occlusion of the tibial artery.

The affected limb is severely swollen, the surface skin turns pale, there is cyanosis, numbness, hypothermia of the skin.

Under such circumstances, there is a high probability of pathological irreversible changes in soft tissues, gangrene, the need for limb amputation.

Occlusion of the great vena cava

With this course of the disease, the patient is worried about:

Severe swelling of the ankle region.
Lowering blood pressure, general weakness.
Swollen lymph nodes.
Pronounced swollen nodules on the saphenous vessels of the legs.
Painful leg cramps at night.

Diagnostic methods

There are several ways to diagnose the disease.

USDG - scanning

Deep vein occlusive thrombosis of the lower extremities is diagnosed by duplex ultrasound scanning. This method is non-invasive, ensures the accuracy of the results, and allows you to establish:

The size of the blood clot.
The degree of blockage of the venous lumen.
The condition of the walls of blood vessels.
The degree of blood flow disturbance.

X-ray contrast phlebography

If the ultrasound scan does not allow us to see the apex of the thrombus, an invasive method is used: X-ray contrast phlebography, when a contrast agent is injected into the vessel cavity, allowing an X-ray scan.

This analysis helps to establish the site of localization, the shape, size of the clot, the degree of destruction of the vascular wall, the state of the venous valves.

Blood tests

KLA, to determine the presence of an inflammatory process in the body.
A coagulogram is a blood test method that allows you to establish the rate of its coagulation.
Study of the D-dimer for the nature of blood coagulation.

Treatment

If an occlusive deep vein thrombosis is suspected, the patient needs immediate hospitalization.

The complex of therapeutic measures is as follows:

It is possible to effectively treat a patient with occlusion of the veins of the lower extremities only on condition of bed rest, which should last at least 5-7 days. When in bed, the leg should be fixed at an angle of 50-60 degrees in relation to the body.
Reception or administration of anticoagulants - drugs that reduce excessive blood clotting, such as Warfarin, Heparin, Clexan.
In order to avoid the inflammatory process at the site of occlusion, patients need therapy with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs - Trental, Diclofenac.
To dissolve blood clots, patients are injected with thrombolytics by drip: Purolaza, Fibrinolysin, Streptokinase.
To normalize the condition of the venous walls, patients are prescribed phlebotonics: Detralex, Antistax, Phlebodia 600.

Surgical intervention

If conservative measures are not enough, a decision is made about surgical intervention.

Phlebectomy. The operation involves the complete or partial removal of the occluded vessel. Such an operation is carried out under general anesthesia, requires long-term bed rest and long-term rehabilitation.
Thrombectomy - removal of a clot from a vessel by excision of the venous wall. After the thrombus is removed, the vessel cavity is cleaned, treated with an antibacterial solution and sutured.
Endovascular thrombectomy is a minimally invasive method. It involves the removal of clots with a catheter while maintaining the integrity of the vein. A balloon catheter is inserted into the incision at the site of thrombus formation, which is filled with saline when it comes into contact with the thrombus, after which the clot is pulled out. The procedure is repeated several times until complete cleaning vessels.

Preventive measures

When in the risk group for the onset of an ailment, as well as in the presence of a history of venous occlusions, patients should follow a number of preventive recommendations:

Wear special high compression jersey for a long time.
Take anticoagulants, antiplatelet agents, phlebotonics courses for postoperative period, and sometimes throughout life.
Regulate the diet, refuse products that increase blood viscosity or provoke the deposition of cholesterol on the walls of blood vessels.
Refuse harmful addictions: tobacco, alcohol.
Perform permitted physical exercise regularly.

Conclusion

If you find in yourself or your loved ones signs of occlusion of the vessels of the legs, you should go to the hospital immediately!

Remember: when timely treatment the chances of recovering health without the risk of tragic consequences are much higher.

Occlusive thrombosis is a type of vascular blockage in which the lumen of a vein is completely blocked. The onset of the disease is characterized by blockage of veins in the leg area with further spread of the process to the area of the great saphenous vein, in the absence of treatment.

At this stage, the symptoms are not manifested, since the venous outflow is not disturbed.

Risk factors

The main risk factors for the development of thrombosis can be conditionally divided into two groups:

caused by external reasons;
which are caused by genetic mutations, hereditary predisposition.

There are only three reasons for occlusive thrombosis (like any other type). They have their own name "Virokhov's triad" and it consists of the following factors:

Slow blood flow. This reason leads to stagnant processes in the vessels and is most often associated with varicose veins, compression of blood vessels.
Increased blood clotting... Most often it manifests itself with oncological diseases, liver problems, metabolic disorders.
Altered vein wall structure... It manifests itself after injuries, injections, operations. Also, the cause can be immunoallergic or infectious processes.

In addition, the cause of the occurrence may be chemical or radiation treatment tumors, taking drugs that affect blood clotting

The appearance of blood clots more often occurs in people who lead an inactive lifestyle, often travel by various means of transport: by car, plane, train (traveler's syndrome), and also work at a computer.

Typical symptoms

The symptoms of the disease depend on many factors: the degree of spread through the vessels, the stage, type, size of the affected area.

The initial stage differs in that pain begin to arise after touching the affected area. The intensity of the sensations can vary depending on the case.

Preventive actions

Prevention is aimed at preventing the formation of blood clots, normalizing blood flow, and eliminating hypercoagulation. For this, the following methods are used:

conducting active image life and regular exercise;
wave pneumatic compression of the legs and thighs.