Cytomegalovirus infection - what it is and how it is manifested. Cytomegalovirus IgG antibodies detected - what does this mean? Determination of infection limitations

Cytomegaly is a disease that is caused by cytomegalovirus. It brings a lot of uncomfortable sensations during its activation. The danger of this infection is that it is impossible to fully recover from it. In order to protect yourself from her hit in the body, you should know how cytomegalovirus is transmitted. On this issue will stop your attention.

How to infect cytomegalovirus infection

This virus can lead their active livelihoods only in the human body. Therefore, the ways of infection with cytomegalovirus are based on contact with the affected person. How can cytomegalovirus become infected? Consider all the ways to transfer it.

Intimate proximity and kisses

Unprotected sexual contact is a source of multiple virus or infectious diseases. Many people know sexually transmitted infections. For example, one of the partners is diagnosed with cytomegalovirus - how is it transmitted to another person?

This process occurs as a result of sperm from the mucous membrane of the vagina. If a woman is infected, the CMV cells are found in its vaginal mucus. But you should know that sexual contact in the condom cannot completely secure a healthy partner from infection. They are infected with cytomegalovirus also during anal or oral sex. Therefore, it takes carefully and responsibly approach the choice of a sexual partner.

Sometimes cytomegalovirus is transmitted by contact path, since there are also viruses in saliva. Close contact with a sick person, kisses with him can lead to infection.

Household interaction

This type of infection is characterized by many ways, although it happens quite rarely:

• use of personal care of patient (towel, toothbrush);
• a conversation with an affected person, provided that he is sick and constantly cough;
• use of shared dishes.

That is, accommodation under one roof with a person who has a diagnosed cytomegalovirus, represents the danger of infection. Salus of a sick person represents the danger of defeating healthy family members. Therefore, care should be taken in contact with the patient, as well as to conduct a prophylactic examination for the identification of cytomegalovirus in the body.

Transplascent infection

What ways can I get a cytomegalovirus to a child? This process takes place intrauterine, that is, the infection falls into the toddler's body through the placenta or at the time natural childbirth. This disease is a special danger to the fetus and a newborn. The risk group includes the following category of children:

• not born children, the defeat occurs through the placenta intrauterine, provided that the mother is sick;
• newborn kids with a non-deformed immune system;
• children with a diagnosis of HIV infection.

The intrauterine defeat of the CMV is hazardous for the baby in its further development. An infected child is subject to various pathological processes in the nervous, digestive, cardiovascular and musculoskeletal systems.

The main symptoms of cytomegaly in children are: presence, violation of the visual apparatus (manifests itself in the form of a squint), jaundice, lack of sucking reflex.

Other ailments are added over time:

• sleep disturbance;
• lethargy;
• constant fatigue;
• increase lymph nodes, especially manifested in the neck area;
• painful sensations in muscles and joints;
• minor body temperature increase.

Congenital cytomegalovirus infection is the most dangerous. It is for this reason that the conception of children should be approached with all seriousness. Before the process of steam in obligatory must pass everything required surveys And pass tests. This will help timely detect the pathological virus, after which it takes the required measures to give birth to healthy offspring.

Women infected, also awaits the likelihood of danger. If the child was born healthy, then an increased possibility of his lesion appears during breastfeeding - the disease can be transmitted to mother's milk. It is also contagious.

The disease appeared on early timing Pregnancy, most often leads to the death of the fetus or to significant deviations of it in development. The appearance of cytomegalovirus in the third trimester can cause such pathology at an infected kid:

• complete or partial loss of hearing or vision;
• mental retardation;
• epilepsy;
• cerebral paralysis.

Infected women after birth healthy baby It is better to completely abandon breastfeeding, despite the fact that it is most useful for the newborn. According to this method, the newly minted mother will protect his baby from the virus from entering its body.

Hematological method

Since this infection leads its active in the blood, then a healthy person can be infected with a patient. The injection of infected blood on the wound, scratch and other damage to the skin cover leads to infection of a healthy person.

How else is the damage to cytomegalovirus infection through blood? The risk of infection is manifested in such ways:

• When overflowing donor blood. This procedure is absolutely safe. But the negligence of specialists can harm healthy people. Blood intended for transfusion must be checked for viruses and other pathologies.
• Organ transplantation. Primary infection with cytomegalovirus can be observed in the transplantation of kidney, liver, hearts and other vital organs. There may be a disease in such cases through a long period of time. Active development infection begins in people with immunodeficiency. Typically, cytomegaly accompanies a patient infected with HIV infection.
• Non-sterile items when conducting medical procedures. These include droppers, syringes and other medical instruments. If reuse of these items with violation of the rules of observation, the risk of infection of a healthy person rises.

In order to protect yourself from entering this virus to the organism hematologically, a person must contact the proven clinics with positive reviews. Also one of the security ways is vigilance potential patient. That is, at the time of medical procedures (the introduction of injections, droppers) is obliged to control this process For the use of disposable medical instruments.

The variety of methods of infection with cytomegalovirus is due to the fact that the infection is in a patient in saliva, sperm, vaginal secret, urine, blood, breast milktears. That is why the defeat of healthy people can occur with any direct contact with patients at a short distance.

A person sometimes does not suspect the acquired pathology. Since there are not always obvious symptoms of cytomegaly. In such situations, it is dangerous for loved ones.

But it should be known that cytomegalovirus infection does not always represent a significant danger to people surrounding infected people. The most dangerous is a person during the exacerbation.

Who enters the risk group

Persons who are maximally exposed to infection are:

• People who are too often changing sexual partners. Disorderly sexy life - This is one of the main factors of infection with cytomegalovirus, since this disease is easily transmitted through cum and vaginal secret. That is why it is required with full responsibility to choose a sexual partner. After all, the infection does not have external manifestations. In addition, the frequent change of sexual partners can lead to more serious diseases.
• Drug addicts. This group of persons does not pay due attention to the syringe used. Most often, the drug administration procedure occurs with one common tool. The syringe used is reused can transmit cytomegalovirus to other people.

It is for this reason that cytomegalovirus infection is widespread in countries and areas with low standard of living. That is, it concerns most often launched segments of the population.

With such groups of people, it is better to limit close communication or exclude it completely. In this way, everyone will protect themselves from infection not only with cytomegalovirus, but also other dangerous diseases.

Symptoms of the presence of CMV in the body

After infection with cytomegalovirus, whose transmission paths differ varieties, clinical symptoms It does not appear immediately. During the first month, an affected person may not suspect a CMV in his body. But after the expiration of the patient, such ailment is gradually observed:

• increasing body temperature;
• nausea, sometimes leading to vomiting;
• blood pressure jumps;
• general weakness of the body, chronic fatigue;
• fast overwork;
• abundant saliva;
• the emergence of inflammatory processes in the organs of the urogenital system.

Over time, a patient with cytomegalovirus infection can begin degenerative changes and inflammatory processes internal organs, such as the liver, spleen, lungs.

Cytomegalovirus can not give a long period to know. This applies to people with normal functioning. immune system.

Than dangerous cmv

The development of cytomegalovirus infection causes inflammatory processes in the organs of the urogenital system. Prolonged aggravation of the disease \u003d - leads to such pathologies:

• increase liver or spleen;
• mob inflammation;
• allergic rashes on skin cover and mucous membranes;
• defeat Central nervous system.

Of particular danger is the infection of a pregnant woman with a sick person during the period of exacerbation. In such situations future baby The most susceptible to the penetration of the particles of the virus through the placenta in its body. The probability of the death of the fetus intrauterine increases. If a pregnant woman was infected before conception, her body produces antibodies. This significantly reduces the risk of cytomegalovirus infection in the future kid. The struck has such characteristic pathology for this disease:

• dropsy;
• jaundice;
• bloody rashes on skin cover;
• problems of development of the brain, as a result of which the kid is born with a head of too small;
• enlarged liver and spleen.

As for an adult, the active development of cytomegaly leads to such unpleasant consequences:

• painful sensations in the larynx;
• inflammatory processes in almonds;
• an increase in lymph nodes;
• inflammation of the intestine, this process is accompanied by bleeding after defecation;
• violation of the functioning of the hepatic system;
• inflammation of the brain;
• significant impairment of vision;
• pneumonia;
• incorrect functioning of vital organs.

Insufficient treatment or ignoring the disease contributes to the active destruction of internal organs and systems. Therefore, you need to refer to a specialist for help. It will help you choose the most efficient and safe treatment, given the individual characteristics of the course of the disease of each patient. Since it is not possible to completely get rid of the cytomegalovirus, the therapy should be aimed at eliminating dangerous symptoms, as well as suppressing the activity of the virus with the help of antiviral and antibacterial drugs.

Cytomegaly

General

Cytomegaly– infection Viral genes transmitted by sex, transplacentar, domestic, hemotransfusion. Symptomabically proceeds in the form of a stubborn cold. There is a weakness, malaise, head and articular pain, runny nose, increasing and inflammation of the salivary glands, abundant salivation. Often proceeds asymptomatic. The severity of the course of the disease is due common state Immunity. With generalized form, severe foci of inflammation occurs throughout the body. The cytomegaly of pregnant women is dangerous: it can cause spontaneous miscarriage, congenital villocks Development, intrauterine fetal death, congenital cytomegaly.

Other citegali names found in medical sources - cytomegalovirus infection (CMV), inclusive cytomegaly, viral disease salivary glands, disease with inclusions. The causative agent of cytomegalovirus infection - cytomegalovirus - refers to the family of herpesviruses of man. Cells affected by cytomegalovirus are repeatedly increased in size, so the name of the disease "cytomegaly" is translated as "giants" cells.

Cytomegaly is a widespread infection, and many people, being carriers of the cytomegalovirus, are not even suspected of this. The presence of antibodies to cytomegalovirus is detected in 10-15% of the population in adolescence and in 50% of adults. According to some sources, the carriage of the cytomegalovirus is determined in 80% of the women's female period. First of all, this refers to the asymptomatic and low-speed flow of cytomegalovirus infection.

Not all carriers of cytomegalovirus are patients. Often, cytomegalovirus is in the body for many years and may never express himself and do not harm man. The manifestation of a hidden infection occurs, as a rule, when weakening immunity. Threatening the danger of cytomegalovirus in their consequences is in persons with a reduced immunity (HIV-infected people who have suffered the transplantation of bone marrow or internal organs taking immunosuppressants), with congenital form of cytomegaly, in pregnant women.

Ways transfer cytomegalovirus

Cytomegaly is not highly infectious infection. Usually, infection occurs when close, long-term contacts with citegalovirus carriers. Cytomegalovirus is transmitted in the following ways:

• air-drip: with sneezing, cough, conversation, kisses, etc.;
• sexual way: with sexual contacts through cum, vaginal and cervous mucus;
• hemotransphus: when overflowing blood, leukocyte mass, sometimes - in transfers of organs and tissues;
• transplascent: during pregnancy from the mother of the Fetal.

Mechanism of the development of cytomegalia

Finding into blood, cytomegalovirus causes a pronounced immune reaction, manifested in the development of protective protein antibodies - immunoglobulins M and G (IgM and IgG) and antiviral cellular reaction - the formation of CD 4 and CD lymphocytes 8. The inhibition of cellular immunity in HIV infection leads to active development Cytomegalovirus and infection caused by him.

The formation of immunoglobulinov M, testifying to the primary infection, occurs 1-2 months after the infection of cytomegalovirus. After 4-5 months, Igm is replaced with IGG, found in the blood during the entire subsequent life. With a strong immunity, cytomegalovirus does not cause clinical manifestations, the course of infection occurs asymptomatic, hidden, although the presence of a virus is determined in many tissues and organs. The amazing cells, cytomegalovirus, causes an increase in their size, the affected cells are similar to the "Owl's Eye". Cytomegalovirus is determined in the body for life.

Even with the asymptomatic flow of infection, the cytomegalovirus carrier is potentially infectious for uninfected persons. The exception is the intrauterine path of transmitting cytomegalovirus from a pregnant woman to the fruit, which occurs mainly with the active flow of the process, and only in 5% of cases causes congenital cytomegal, in the rest wears asymptomatic nature.

Forms of cytomegaly

Congenital cytomegaly

In 95% of cases, the intrauterine infection of the fetus cytomegalovirus does not cause the development of the disease, and is asymptomatic. Congenital cytomegalovirus infection develops in newborns, whose mothers suffered primary cytomegaly. Congenital cytomegaly can manifest in newborns in various forms:

• patechial rash - small skin hemorrhages - occurs in 60-80% of newborns;
• the presence and delay of the intrauterine development of the fetus - it is found in 30% of newborns;
• chorioretinite is a sharp inflammatory process in the retina of the eye, often causing a decrease and full loss of vision.

Mortality with intrauterine infection with cytomegalovirus reaches 20-30%. Of the surviving children, most of the lag in mental development or disability by hearing and vision.

Acquired cytomegaly in newborns

When infected with cytomegalovirus in the process of labor (when the fetus passes generic ways) Or in the postpartum period (with household contact with infected mother or breastfeeding), in most cases, the asymptomatic flow of cytomegalovirus infection is developing. However, premature babies cytomegalovirus can cause a protracted pneumonia to which the concomitant is often joined bacterial infection. Often, during the defeat of cytomegalovirus, children have a slowdown in physical Development, increase in lymph nodes, hepatitis, rash.

Mononucleosus-like syndrome

Persons who came out of the newborn period and having a normal immunity, cytomegalovirus can cause the development of mononucleosy-like syndrome. The course of mononucleaz-like clinic syndrome does not differ from the infectious mononucleosis caused by another type of herpesvirus - the Ebstine-Barr virus. The flow of mononucleosus-like syndrome resembles a persistent cold infection. It is noted:

• long (up to 1 month or more) fever with high temperatures bodies and chills;
• slabs in the joints and muscles, headache;
• pronounced weakness, malaise, fatigue;
• sore throat;
• an increase in lymph nodes and salivary glands;
• skin rashes that resemble rashes during rubella (usually occurs in the treatment of ampicillin).

In some cases, mononucleosus-like syndrome is accompanied by the development of hepatitis - jaundice and in the blood of hepatic enzymes. Even less often (up to 6% of cases) the complication of mononucleositis syndrome is pneumonia. However, in persons with normal immune reactivity, it flows without clinical manifestations, detecting only during lung radiography.

The duration of the flow of mononucleoside syndrome is from 9 to 60 days. Then it usually comes complete recovery, although over the course of several months can remain residual phenomena in the form of ailment, weaknesses, increased lymph nodes. In rare cases, the activation of cytomegalovirus causes relapses of infection with fever, sweating, tides and ailments.

Cytomegalovirus infection in persons with weakened immunity

The weakening of immunity is observed in persons suffering from congenital and acquired (AIDS) syndrome, as well as in patients who have undergone internal organs and tissue transplants: heart, lung, kidney, liver, bone marrow. After the transplantation of organs, patients are forced to constantly take immunosuppressants leading to a pronounced suppression immune reactionsWhat causes the activity of cytomegalovirus in the body.

In patients who have undergone transplantations of organs, cytomegalovirus causes the defeat of donor tissues and organs (hepatitis - when transplanting the liver, pneumonia when transplanting the lung and so on.). After the bone marrow transplantation in 15-20% of the Cytomegalovirus patients can lead to high mortality in the development of pneumonia (84-88%). The greatest danger is the situation when the donor material infected with cytomegalovirus is transferred to an uninfected recipient.

Cytomegalovirus affects almost all HIV-infected. At the beginning of the disease, there is ailment, articular and muscle pain, fever, night sweating. In the future, the lesions of the lungs cytomegalovirus (pneumonia), liver (hepatitis), brain (encephalitis), the retinuisa of the eye (retinit), ulcerative lesions and gastrointestinal bleeding, can be joined to these features.

Men cytomegalovirus can be amazed by testicles, prostate, women - cervix, inner layer of the uterus, vagina, ovaries. Complications of cytomegalovirus infection in HIV-infected are internal bleeding from affected organs, vision loss. Multiple lesion by cytomegalovirus organs can lead to their dysfunction and patient death.

Diagnosis of cytomegaly

In order to diagnose cytomegalovirus infection, a laboratory determination is carried out in the blood of specific antibodies to cytomegalovirus - immunoglobulins M and G. The presence of immunoglobulin m may indicate a primary infection of cytomegalovirus or on the reactivation of chronic cytomegalovirus infection. The definition of high IGM titers in pregnant women can threaten the fetal infection. The increase in IGM is detected in the blood after 4-7 weeks after the cytomegalovirus infection and is observed for 16-20 weeks. The increase in immunoglobulins G is developing during the attenuation of the activity of cytomegalovirus infection. Their presence in the blood speaks of the presence of cytomegalovirus in the body, but does not reflect the activity of the infectious process.

To determine the cytomegalovirus DNA in blood cells and mucous membranes (in the scraps materials from the urethra and cervical canal, in sputum, saliva, etc.) uses the PCR diagnostic method (polymerase chain reaction). Particularly informative to conduct a quantitative PCR, which gives an idea of \u200b\u200bthe activity of the cytomegalovirus and the infectious process caused by it. The diagnosis of cytomegalovirus infection is based on the release of cytomegalovirus in a clinical material or with a fourfold increase in the titer of antibodies. The ratio of cytomegalovirus infection in the persons included in the risk group is carried out by the antiviral drug by Gancyclovir. In cases heavy Current Gancyclovir cytomegalia is administered intravenously, because the tableted forms of the drug have only preventive effect Regarding cytomegalovirus. Since Gancyclovir has pronounced side effects (causes inhibition of blood formation - anemia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, skin reactions, gastrointestinal disorders, an increase in temperature and octvinations, etc.), its use is limited in pregnant women, children and people suffering from renal failure (only According to life indications), it is not used in patients without impairment of immunity.

For the treatment of cytomegalovirus in HIV-infected, the most effective drug is phoskart, which also has a number of side effects. Phoskart can cause violation electrolyte exchange (decrease in magnesium and potassium blood plasma), ulceration of genital organs, urination impairment, nausea, kidney damage. Data adverse reactions Require cautious use and timely adjustment of the dose of the drug.

Prevention

Especially acute the issue of the prevention of cytomegalovirus infection is worth the persons included in the risk group. It is most susceptible to infection with cytomegalovirus and the development of HIV-infected disease (especially patients with AIDS), patients after organ transplantation and immunodeficiency of other genesis.

Non-specific methods of prevention (for example, adherence to personal hygiene) are ineffective in relation to cytomegalovirus, as the infection is possible even an air-droplet. Specific prevention of cytomegalovirus infection is carried out by ganciclovir, acyclovir, foskarnet among patients included in risk groups. Also, to eliminate the possibility of infection with cytomegalovirus recipients during organs and tissues, careful selection of donors is needed and the control of donor material for the presence of cytomegalovirus infection.

The cytomegalovirus is a special danger in pregnancy, as it can provoke miscarriage, stillbirth or cause severe congenital deformities in a child. Therefore, cytomegalovirus, along with herpes, toxoplasmosis and rubella, refers to the number of infections, to be examined for which women should be prophylactically, at the stage of pregnancy planning.

If you pronounce a literal translation from Latin, it means a large cell.

Statistical data indicates that about 70% of the entire female population are carriers of this pathogenic microorganism. The greatest danger is primary infection, since there is a high probability of negative impact on the health of the future kid.

1. A relatively low level of pathogenicity. After penetrating into the human body, the disease may not develop for a long time. To provoke the development of cytomegaly, the conditions under which protective functions The body weakens (oncopathology, heavy childbirth).
2. The reproductive ability of the virus has low activity.
3. Cell destruction occurs due to the use of its protein fraction.
4. The reproduction of the CMV stops after the restoration of the body's immune forces, while the re-inflammatory process may appear after the next reduction in immune defense.
5. Under influence ambient, there is a rapid death of cytomegalovirus. It affects both elevated and reduced temperatures, aseptic and disinfectants, alcohol-containing solutions.
6. The risk of infection is significantly increased by contact with the patient or the CMW carrier.
7. Most often, infection occurs in childhoodIn which the clinical picture of the disease has pronounced symptoms. Infection of adults occurs asymptomatic, which significantly complicates the diagnosis.

The development of cytomegalovirus contributes to the factors under which a failure of the body's protective forces occurs. Next pathological conditions included in their composition:

1. AIDS disease.
2. Systemic diseases of blood circulation.
3. Malignant neoplasms.
4. Extensive wound surfaces, including after burns.
5. The use of long-term courses of treatment with pharmaceutical group of glucocorticoids or cytostatics (they suppress the work of the immune system).

In some cases, the penetration of this virus contributes:

• contaminated environmental environment;
• lack of sufficient volume of vitamins, micro and macroelements;
• translation of the child for artificial feeding;
• violation of the routine of the day, which is accompanied by the lack of walking in the fresh air.

Ways of transmission of the virus

This type of pathological process is anthroponous. It can only occur in humans, and can only be a person.

In this regard, the following paths of infection are allocated:

1. Intrauterine. Baby infection occurs through the placenta.
2. During the delivery. When a fetal campaign in the generic paths of the mother, the virus penetrates through the mucous membranes.
3. If in purph cavity infected saliva ().
4. If the sexual contact occurs without the use of barrier contraception (Not used condom).
5. With parenteral administration of donor blood Or after transplantation transplantation operations.

Clinical picture of the virus manifestation in acute and chronic form in women

If a woman has a strong immunity, then the penetrating virus in its body is in the inactive phase of its development, and therefore does not cause clinical manifestations. The impetus for the appearance of his signs is to weaken, or the work failure of the immune system. This can occur as a result:

• long overcooling;
• psycho-emotional breakdown after transferring a stress situation;
• excessive fatigue;
• long-term chronic diseases;
• pregnancy and childbirth.

After penetrating the CMV into the body, he begins to actively multiply, involving new cells in the process. At the same time, on all over (up to 2 months), the symptoms of the clinical picture may be absent.

The acute phase of the disease most often lasts about 6 weeks, it may be accompanied by symptoms resembling a cold or mononucleosis.

Unfortunately, characteristic signs Indicating cytomegalovirus in the body does not exist. Therefore, the majority of women at the beginning of the disease do not betray due attention to the problem.

Initially, the woman appears the following symptoms:

1. There is a raising body temperature, which is badly knocked down.
2. There is a decline of strength, weakness, muscle pain, and lubrication in the joints.
3. There is an adsatory cough and symptoms of rhinitis.
4. Increase salivary glands, Hypersion is observed (increased saliva separation).
5. There is an increase in the sizes of cervical, submandibular, near-dry lymph nodes, which are accompanied by pain in the throat.
6. The symptoms of anorexia appear.
7. The fear of bright, sunlight is developing.

With timely handling, and conducting correctly selected therapy, this symptom may disappear in 2 or 4 weeks. Otherwise the process flows into chronic form. It threatens the appearance of the following pathological conditions:

• endometritis;
• vaginitis;
• erosion lesions of the cervix.

In addition, women have drawing pain at the bottom of the abdomen, which are accompanied by vaginal discharge of abnormally blue color.

Cytomegalovirus infection presents a special threat in the period when a woman gets into a child. The risk of premature genera, spontaneous miscarriage or fetal fetal

If the disease occurs in the first trimester of pregnancy, then the threat of physical and mental pathologies in the infant is significantly increasing, which can be expressed as follows:

1. The cranial box in the baby may have a small size, which leads to a violation of the structure of the brain.
2. Anomalous development of cardiac partitions, leading to the development of heart defects.
3. Violation in the development of the hearing aid and visual bodies.
4. Wrong development of lungs and kidneys.
5. In addition, such a baby will have the physical lag of development compared to their peers.

Disease CMV B. late time Pregnancy is not as dangerous for the future kid. But the risk of premature birth remains the same. A child can be born with signs of hypoxia, and on a scale of apgar (the degree of child's domesticity is determined) will have low evaluation.

He can have:

• bad gain in weight due to a weakly pronounced sucking reflex;
• justice skin Pokrov (sign of violation of the work of biliary tract);
• hemorrhagic rash on skin cover;
• constant increase in body temperature;
• failure in work digestive systemwhich is accompanied by vomiting (reminiscent coffee thick).

This state of the child is heavy, and often leads to a fatal outcome in the interval between 14 and 20 in the afternoon of life.

The flow and complications in immunodeficiency states in a woman

Long chronic flow This pathology occurs on the background of immunodeficiency. At the same time, a woman develops generalized defeat of various organs and systems:

1. GastrointestinalThe cytomegalovirus affected leads to development, colitis or enterocolitis, in severe cases of liver cirrhosis. The mucous membranes of the esophagus and intestines can be ulcerated, and in this case the threat of the appearance of body ulcers is created. The penetration of the contents of the stomach or intestines into the past space threatens the development of spilled peritonitis. This is a dangerous complicated state that requires surgical intervention.
2. GOOD SYSTEM It can respond to the appearance of inflammatory processes of the genital organs. In the kidneys, for a relatively short time, stones are formed, this is a consequence of the violation of metabolic processes in the body.
3. From the nervous system Encephalitis can develop, psycho-emotional state is disturbed, with the appearance of apathy and dementia symptoms (dementia).
4. In the system of respiratory system CMV It may cause the development of pneumonia, which is characterized by a sharp course, and is poorly amenable to drug therapy.
5. With the defeat of the visual organs, Cytomegalovirir is striking the retina and promotes its rapid necrotization. It first leads to violation spectatic perception, And ultimately a complete loss of vision.

Methods used to diagnose the presence of virus in the body

To establish an accurate diagnosis, examination of the patient, and listen to its complaints is not enough. Besides, this pathology It is necessary to differentiate (distinguish) with mononucleosis disease. Its symptoms reminds of cytomegaly, but unlike it, there are no inflammatory process in the process of the disease, and the inflammatory process is not accompanied by an increase in lymph nodes that are localized in the occipital region.

Therefore, the doctor appoints additional methods Studies for which a fence of biological material is taken. It can be:

• and urine;
• separated salivary glands;
• the contents of the bronchopulmonary secret;
• breast milk;
• genital slashes;
• fabric particles taken when conducting biopsy.

Currently, several ways are used, applying which with a large degree of confidence you can talk about the presence of a virus in the body:

1. The most affordable and inexpensive technique is With microscope. A significant disadvantage is the low accuracy of this type of study (approximately 70%).
2. PCR. This technique is based on the detection of cytomegalovirus DNA particles, which makes it possible to determine its presence in the body. This is pretty accurate analysisbut it has one disadvantage that does not allow to set the duration inflammatory process. Also, it can be attributed to an expensive type of diagnosis.
3. (ELISA). This technique is based on the detection of antibodies that develop in the body relative to the causative agent. It is used to form a diagnosis in any stage of the course of the disease, has a high informative accuracy.
4. Cytological research. To carry out this analysis, a small tissue particle is taken, and placed in nourishing medium. The development of the virus is observed for 3 weeks. When cells are detected big sizewho have internal inclusions, a positive result is made about the presence of a cytomegalovirus in the body.

The use of methods of specific and non-specific therapy in the treatment

This species of the disease has its own specifics and features of the flow. Therefore, due effective therapy can be ensured by contacting medical institution To a specialist.

Under exercise medical treatment (Specific therapy), uses preparations that are able to eliminate the causes of the pathological process, and restore the work of the immune system.

To suppress the reproduction of viral infection takes place for anticherine medicines:

• Gancyclovir;
• Foxarnet;
• Zovirax;
• Acyclovir.

These medicinal forms can be appointed only by a doctor, due to the fact that they possess toxic exposure on the body. Incorrect use of their use can lead to the development of side effects, to eliminate which a long time is required. Vitamins of the group B;

dosage forms containing magnesium;

antioxidants.

To stimulate the work of the immune system, you can use the methods of folk health (non-specific therapy). The use of tinctures and decoctions gives positive results, only if they are not used as a panacea, but as additional therapy.

At the same time, it is necessary to consult with the doctor about choosing one or another plant.

To this end, they usually resort to the appointment of the following informations or decoctions:

• echinacea tincture; Decoration of Echinacea;
• chinese lemongrass;
• medical tea with a chamber;
• comprehensive decoction based on immortelle, hiceboy and chamomile;
• tincture on birch kidneys.

Main prophylactic measures preventing virus development

In medical practice does not exist specific prophylaxis This pathology, therefore, should adhere to the basic principles of hygiene, which will help prevent the development of this disease:

1. First of all, it is necessary to eliminate random sex contacts. Use the barrier method of contraception (condom).
2. IN active form Diseases infected by a person is a source of infection. Therefore, the means of individual care, dishes, it must be separate.
3. It is more likely to clean the hand washing with soap solution.
4. When planning pregnancy, it is necessary to produce laboratory research on the presence of viral infection.
5. The diet should include a large content of coarse fiber and. Food must be diverse and contain a large number of Micro and macroelements.
6. To create a good immune barrier, you need to play sports and order the body.

These simple events do not give a complete guarantee of the development of cytomegaly. But in most cases, they prevent the development of this infection.

Cytomegalovirus is a serious threat to the body of a girl and a pregnant woman. He can cause irreparable harm proper work organs.

In order to prevent the appearance of complications, you need to contact the doctor, which will appoint proper treatment.

Patients should be remembered that folk recipescan not cure this disease, since in most cases they mask clinical picturewithout eliminating the main cause of the pathological process.

The kiss disease - so a few decades ago, a cytomegalovirus infection was called, a disease that more than 70% of the entire population of the Earth is sick to one degree or another. According to WHO statistics, this infection is detected by almost 100% of the Earth's adult population. Such high activity is due to the fact that the virus can be transmitted by almost all known medicine by ways: sexual, air-drip, domestic, from mother to the fruit, through maternal milk and through saliva with kisses (hence the initial name infection).

Until 2006, cytomegalovirus infection (CMWI) was one of them, but later it was included in the list of dangerous viral infections, which can be infected not only during sexual contact.

CMV is a relative for herpes a subspecies that retains vitality only with favorable conditions for him. But even this does not reduce the speed of its development and distribution among people.

Cytomegalovirus infection may affect almost any cells of the human body. Penetrating into them, it remains there forever, and at the first convenient case, it strikes the cells - causes the cells to increase in size repeatedly, but at the same time they will be separated by their ability to share natural way. Even the most modern treatment of cytomegalovirus infection in adults and children cannot completely free the organism from the disease.

This ailment, a close "relative" herpes virus. It is able to hit any body fabrics.

Approximately 80% of patients with cytomegalovirus symptoms do not discover at all, and only 20% of infected begin to suffer from the consequences of infection. A kind of triggering mechanism for it is a significant reduction in immunity for various reasons:

Often, cytomegalovirus infection is taken for the long-term consequences of other diseases and do not turn on this to the doctor.

As mentioned earlier, cytomegalovirus symptoms in women and men only exhibit in the period of decline in immunity. Sometimes they remain unnoticed, since the duration of a burst of infection activity is usually insignificant in time. In general, the picture depends on which the fabrics were amazed by the virus:

• when infecting mucous membranes respiratory tract (most often the nose) The patient is worried about short-term runny nose without exudate.
• in the defeat of the internal organs, signs of failures of their functioning - intestinal disorders, insufficient or excessive secretory activity, etc.;
• under the defeat of the urogenital system, symptoms of endometritis, cervicitis, vaginitis (depending on the localization of the cells changed by cytomegalovirus), expressed in pulling pains at the bottom of the abdomen, and the vagina, violation of the menstrual cycle are appeared.

Treat infection is necessary

It is its diversity and unique cytomegalovirus infection - the symptoms are entirely dependent on which the organ proceeds the pathological processes. Of particular danger, this disease carries for pregnant women. The virus at the time of infection on any trimester with a high probability can penetrate the fruit, hitting the huge amount of cells. If there is intrauterine infection, the chance for a prosperous outcome remains only in 30% of newborns.

Microcephalus - one of the consequences of cytomegalovirus infection

In other cases, children with serious congenital pathologies are born:

• microcephalus;
• hydrocephalus;
• heavy pathologies of internal organs.

In newborns, cytomegalovirus infection is manifested by a common oppression, a periodic increase in temperature to 38-39 degrees, rashes on the body. To suspect that it is not diathesis and other diseases characteristic of kids, but cytomegalovirus, allows lack of effect from the therapy used.

Diagnostics

Definitely recognize cytomegalovirus in women and men are actually impossible. In 90% of cases, this infection is regarded by patients as a banal cold or disorder of the internal organs. You can suspect the virus by the only feature - the exacerbations of symptoms are observed too often and last until one and a half months.

According to statistics, primary cytomegalovirus infection is more often concerned about mature people.

The first thing that is recommended to be done in suspected of the presence of cytomegalovirus infection in the body is to contact. It will assign a diagnosis needed to determine the diagnosis. The list of reliable per 100% methods for identifying the virus also belong. As the material under study can be used:

• blood;
• sperm and separated from the SM and Vagina;
• oily water;
• saliva.

It is possible to determine the activity of the virus, its type. Only after that you can begin treatment of cytomegalovirus infection in adults and small patients.

Treatment methods

Currently not found 100% effective drugs To completely eliminate infection from the body. Even when using modern drugs, it continues to dwell in human tele, waiting for a convenient point for activation. However, when cytomegalovirus infection is detected, the treatment of women and men allows the virus to restrain, without giving it a negative impact on the internal organs.

Cytomegalovirus infection requires constant reception of various medicines to maintain immunity at a high level

Therapy is based mainly on medication treatment. Experts recommend using the following types of drugs:

• Antiviral agents.
• Immunomodulators and interferon.
• External antiviral drugs.

It is worth remembering. Since to treat CMV in women and men can be with the help of individual drugs (most antiviral tools It is ineffective), only a doctor can assign them.

Additionally, drugs can be required to restore the functions of affected organs and systems. The doctor also appoints on the basis of considerations of efficacy and safety for the patient.

And she acquired the greatest distribution in recent decades. The first mention of cytomegalovirus infection is by the end of the 19th century. Then this disease was called " kiss disease" The name was dictated by selective damage to the salivary glands and the prevailing method of transmitting infection. Microscopically, the causative agent of this disease was revealed in 1956.

What is cytomegalovirus?

Cytomegalovirus refers to the Herpes group viruses and has a number of common structural features Similar to herpes simplex virus. However, some properties of infection are different from herpes and defeat affects other organs. The name of this infection was obtained by the morphological form of the affected cells - as a result of damage, the latter increases in size ( translated appointment means "Big Cell").

Methods of transmission of infection

Recently, there is an increase in the number of detected patients with cytomegalovirus infection. In many ways, this can be associated with the peculiarities of the sexual behavior of modern society, with a more active diagnosis of this disease or with a high prevalence of immunodeficiency states among the population. In general, regardless of the causes of the statistical picture, it is necessary to pay attention to the method of transmitting this disease.

Sexual transmission
The most common transmission path at the moment. The thing is that the high concentration of the virus is created in human biological fluids - saliva, sperm, seed fluid, vaginal secret, urine. Therefore, infection is possible both with genital intercourse and oral or rectal contacts.

Domestic transfer path
Infrequently this path leads to infection, but it is impossible to exclude it. With the active development of cytomegalovirus infection, a sufficiently high concentration of the virus is created in saliva, which makes it possible to infect when a kiss, the use of a common toothbrush or dishes can also lead to infection. The aerogenic transmission path is rare - with a long conversation with patients at close range.

Hematologic Path
At the same time, the transmission of infection occurs as a result of contact with the patient's blood: when overflowing blood components, organs and tissue transplantation, random damage to the medical staff at medical manipulation, in dental Cabinet.

Lactogenic path
For natural feeding Children breast-age. At the same time, the greatest chances of infecting your child in mothers with an active flow of infection or in primary infection during breastfeeding period.

Symptoms and types of damage to cytomegalovirus infection

For the sake of justice, it should be noted that infection with this disease is detected among 90 to 95% of the population. However, not every infected person is ill or becomes a virus monitor. Therefore, the diagnosis of this disease is primarily determined by the symptoms and complaints of the patient.
Clinical picture cytomegalovirus lesion It can be described in several forms depending on the severity of the lesion.

Mononucleosic syndrome
Characterized by classic disease symptoms:

• Inflammation of the salivary glands, lymph nods of the area of \u200b\u200bthe head and neck. This inflammation may be accompanied by an increase in the affected organs in sizes, soreness.
• The inflammation of the ZEVA - Angina. Inflammation of the mucous meal with mucous purulent discharge.
• General intoxication - weakness, temperature rise, headaches.

As a rule, data clinical manifestations Observed within 2 - 3 weeks. During this period of time, the immune response of the body on an infectious damage is forming, which leads to either curable, or to the further progression of the disease and the transition to the next stage of the disease - Localized shape of CMV or The generalized form of CMV..

The generalized form of CMV.
As a rule, this Fora develops in persons with immunodeficient state (primary immunodeficiencies, HIV infection, drug immunosuppression). It is characterized by a common lesion of all organs and systems: inflammation of the kidneys, liver, pancreas, spleen, brain, etc. The most frequent diagnoses with this form of damage are: cytomegalovirus hepatitis, cytomegalovirus pneumonia or retinit ( inflammation of the retina eye).

Localized Fora CMV
The most common form of cytomegalovirus lesion is this form. At the same time, among female patients, there are signs of inflammation of the small pelvis organs: pain and discomfort at the bottom of the abdomen, exacerbation of pain in sex genital act, pathological discharge From genital paths. These symptoms may indicate the following diseases: cervicit, Endometritis, adnexitis. Amtritis are observed among men ( inflammation of the urethra), the defeat of the testicles ( orchit).

Prevention CMV

Based on the ways of transmission of infection, which were provided above, it is not difficult to understand how to avoid infection. However, the detection of 90% of the population of the Earth signs of contact with this infection indicates that it is extremely difficult to avoid infection. Therefore, the greatest attention in the prevention of this disease should be given to the period of pregnancy or during the pregnancy itself. After all, in this period, the primary infection or activation of the virus can lead to a spontaneous abortion or development in a child of congenital deformities. Therefore, it is necessary to pay special attention to the prevention of infection:

1. Restriction, and better exclusion of random connections, storage of marital allegiance and compliance with the principles of monogamine ( both sexual partners).
2. Using own cutlery in public catering, compliance with personal hygiene rules.
3. Restriction of communication with people with immunodeficiency status.

Considering the fact that with a probability of 90%, it can be argued that at the time of the conception of the child you or your sexual partner is infected with this virus, but infection did not lead to the development of the disease, it is necessary to promote immunity to strengthen the immunity.
Therefore, the main condition for the prevention of this disease is persistent immunity. In the strengthening of immunity, it is not necessary to rely on medicines - immunostimulants or all sorts of homeopathic, and sometimes just the charlatanian "miracle immunostimulants". The key to strong immunity is an active and healthy lifestyle, rational meal, labor and rest. But the basis of health is a positive psycho-emotional mood. Take care of your health and be prudent!