How to treat inflammation of the inner ear in a dog. Diagnosis of disease in dogs

The date: 21.04.2019

Otitis in dogs is a fairly common diagnosis, due to its peculiar structure. auricle. Dog owners often face this problem. Inflammation of the ear brings unpleasant sensations to the animal: itching, pain. In some cases, the animal's temperature rises, the dog becomes lethargic, refuses to eat.

Otitis media should not be left unattended, you should immediately contact a veterinarian who will prescribe adequate treatment. Timely access to a doctor will reduce the risk of the disease becoming chronic, as well as preventing the formation of complications.

The most common reasons include:

ear mite;
tumor;
overgrowth of the ear canal;
allergic otitis;
foreign body.

As a rule, the tick affects both ears. The dog starts scratching its ears intensively. Brown dry discharge of a grainy appearance appears. In advanced cases, pus may be observed.

Tumor can form on the auricle or in the ear canal itself. The resulting tumor can cause otitis media if it blocks the ear canal, thereby preventing the ear from being “ventilated”. In some cases, the tumors themselves begin to bleed and become inflamed. In this case, surgical intervention is necessary followed by conservative treatment.

Overgrowth of the ear canal in most cases seen in dogs with an excessive amount of folds - bulldog, chow-chow, etc. The ear canal, as in the previous case, closes completely, which interferes with the ventilation of the ear. As a result, inflammation is formed. treatment is impossible without surgical intervention - excision of the ear folds.

Allergic otitis media often occurs in case of allergies, hormonal imbalance. This can occur in the case of abundant excretion of earwax, intensive reproduction of microflora and fungi. The dog begins to intensively comb the ear, it becomes red. sores from scratching may appear. Brownish ointment-like discharge with an admixture of pus appears.

foreign body is also one of the most common causes of otitis media. In most cases, insects, blades of grass, plant seeds, etc. get into the animal's ear. A foreign body caught in the ear causes inflammation of the ear. As a rule, a foreign body causes unilateral otitis media. In this case, the dog does not allow you to touch the ear, clean it, tilts its head to one side. A discharge of a transparent color with an admixture of pus or blood may form. The foreign body must be removed.

Symptoms

Recognizing inflammation is not such a difficult task. The following symptoms of otitis in dogs can be distinguished:

the dog scratches his ear much more often than usual;
often shakes his head;
purulent discharge from the ear bad smell;
the dog does not allow to touch the ear;
the dog looks tired, loses its appetite;
tilts his head to the side.

On direct examination, redness of the external auditory canal can be detected. In the event that the inflammation is in an advanced stage, the animal has an increase in the submandibular lymph nodes.

If you find at least one of the above symptoms in your pet, contact your veterinarian immediately, who will examine and prescribe adequate treatment.

In no case do not self-medicate. Your pet's health is entirely your responsibility.

Treatment

Dog owners should make it a rule that self-medication can lead to undesirable consequences. Trust the health of your dog to professionals.

First of all, the veterinarian will take a sample to study the microflora. Then, using a special funnel, determine the amount of ear secretion and what kind it is. According to the data obtained, a diagnosis is established, which is classified into:

primary - in the absence of any diseases;
secondary - inflammation is one of the parts of the underlying skin disease;
idiopathic.

Regardless of the classification of the disease, the ear canal is washed. If there are any crusts in the ear cavity, they are carefully removed with a 2% solution of salicyl-tannin alcohol. The ear is then flushed with a syringe. If there are foreign bodies, they are removed with special forceps. Generally speaking, the doctor by all means ensures the visibility of the cavity of the ear canal.

Having found out what caused the inflammation, a certain treatment for otitis media in dogs is prescribed.

Allergic otitis, as a rule, develops against the background of an allergy to various types of foods, plants, etc. The animal develops itchy skin, bacteria growth is observed. Purulent discharge also appears. One of the important elements of treatment in this case is a hypoallergenic diet, which must be followed for 3 months. To relieve inflammation and eliminate skin itching local preparations are prescribed.
Purulent otitis in a dog is manifested by an oily, unpleasant-smelling secret that stands out from the ear. If you start the treatment process purulent otitis media in a dog, ulcerative processes may begin, and further perforation of the tympanic membrane. In the process of treatment, solutions of hydrogen peroxide, chlorhexidine are used. Antibiotics are also prescribed for otitis media in dogs. Otosporin type drugs are prescribed.
The fungal form of otitis media is more common than the others. Oddly enough, fungi are in the body of the animal all the time, but in certain circumstances they can cause inflammation. In this case, the ear canal is treated with phosphoric acid esters. On the initial stage diseases are treated with Gaselan 2%.
How to treat otitis in a dog if the inflammation is caused by seasonality? During certain periods, there is a sharp increase in the production of earwax in the ear, which leads to the formation of crusts and plugs. Against this background, a bacterial infection may develop. in this case, otitis media drops for dogs with topical antibiotics are prescribed, as well as drugs like Otifree.

Be careful and very responsible in the treatment of your pet.

Otitis media is an inflammation of the external ear in dogs. Clinical signs. Causes of otitis. Prevention and treatment .

Inflammation of the external auditory canal ( Otitis externa ) is a fairly common diagnosis in the practice of treating dogs. The disease is based on a variety of causes, and therefore it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive history and a thorough general and local examination.

Etiological factors Otitis externa can include ear mites, foreign bodies (most often bristles that are granulated on one or both sides), tumors, injuries to the ear canal such as from a bite, and autoimmune diseases like pemphigus and allergies, especially atopy and food allergies. , and seborrhea and pyoderma.

Chronic atopic otitis in a dog

Chronic otitis media, indicating inflammation of the ceruminal glands and erythema (redness) of the ear in a dog

Damage to the vestibule of the auricle in an autoimmune disease (foliar pemphigus

Predisposing factors : narrow ear canal, heavily overgrown ear canal (poodle, kery blue terrier), maceration due to bathing water, pronounced wrinkling of the head, and heavy, low-set long ears (cocker spaniel, american dachshund), a also unskilled cleaning and hair removal.

to supporting factors include infection of the external auditory canal due to the above causes and predisposing factors. The most important pathogens are staphylococci and streptococci, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus, and quite often a fungal infection also occurs. Most often it is a yeast fungus Malassezia pachidermatis (former name Pityrosporum canis ), less often about microsporosis and trichophytosis. Along with this, otitis externa is supported by obstructive processes (otohematomas, inflammatory changes) and otitis media.

Symptoms

Typical symptoms are pain and discharge from the ear of various kinds of secretions - serous fluid, pus, blood. The animal may shake its ears or tilt its head. Cats may flatten their ears. On examination, there is redness and swelling of the external auditory canal. In severe cases, an increase in the submandibular lymph nodes on the side of the lesion is observed.

With otitis media and internal, there is pain when opening the mouth, difficulty chewing, deafness, there are discharge from the eyes, strabismus, the animal can spin towards the affected ear.

Survey. It is divided into examination of the coat and the whole skin to identify the underlying general skin disease and the actual examination of the ear. This must be done carefully, sparing the dog. In principle, both ears should be examined, even when only one seems to be affected. The severity of erythema and edema, the type of secretion, ulceration, and the condition of the tympanic membrane provide important diagnostic and prognostic indications.

Diagnosis. In severely suppurating, ulcerated and all chronic mixed forms, or in cases where treatment has already been carried out before, it is necessary to take a swab sample for bacteriological and mycological examination before using any drugs (if possible, also determine resistance). The first external examination using an otoscope with an inserted funnel will provide information about the type and amount of ear secretion, which often allows one to draw conclusions about pathogens. Ticks, if present, can be detected with a magnifying glass. Ticks Otodectes cynotis they look like white, rounded, rather mobile dots 1.5 mm long.

Based clinical trial the following classification of otitis media is appropriate:

Primary otitis externa occurs in the absence of other diseases.

Secondary otitis externa is an integral part of the main skin disease:

Idiopathic otitis externa cannot be unambiguously attributed to either the first or the second group.

Regardless of the type of otitis, the ear canal must be washed and kept clean: remove the intervening hair either with an arterial clamp or (only with an intact tympanic membrane) with a depilatory cosmetic cream, which must be applied for five minutes. Then rinse with a mild, slightly warm solution, for example Otifree , with significant crusting - with a 2% solution of salicyl-tannin alcohol, clean the passage with a cotton swab or, better, rinse with a syringe that allows you to inject liquid with adjustable pressure. A cotton swab can push a secretion plug or a foreign body into the depth of the passage and injure the eardrum. If a perforation of the eardrum is suspected, only a slightly warm saline solution can be used, however, also a 0.5-1% solution of Chlorhexidine, for example Hibitane , or 2% acetic acid solution. Foreign bodies should be removed through the ear funnel with forceps for ear polyps.

As a result of sanitation, good visibility of the external auditory canal should be ensured, as little as possible injured to assess the condition of the epidermis and eardrum. In primary otitis, it is necessary to eliminate the cause of the disease, for example, remove the foreign body, predisposing factors, such as severe overgrowth, are corrected as much as possible, and the supporting factors (infectious process) are treated. In secondary otitis, the goal of treatment is to eliminate the underlying disease, after which otitis externa often resolves on its own, or symptomatic local treatment is carried out.

For idiopathic otitis media treatment is limited to the elimination of predisposing factors and the suppression of supporting factors.

Actually local treatment depends on the cause, the condition of the epidermis and the properties of the secret:

External erythematous otitis. Redness of the ear canal, sometimes increased peeling of the epithelium, the initial stage of more severe forms. Anti-inflammatory drugs such as Ciloprin.

External serous otitis. Increased excretion of earwax. If not treated, crusts and plugs form, then a bacterial infection develops. Treat with earwax medications, such as Otifree followed by treatment with drops containing antibiotics and glucocorticoids, for example/

External purulent otitis. It develops from the forms described above. Oily, purulent, often foul-smelling secret due to colonization of bacteria and/or fungi. With prolonged illness, ulcerations of the mucous membrane are formed and there is a danger of perforation of the tympanic membrane with the penetration of infection into the middle ear. You can process, at your own discretion, 0.1-1% chlorhexidine solution, 5% povidone-iodine solution, 2% acetic acid solution, 3% hydrogen peroxide solution or EDTA - TRIS . If perforation of the tympanic membrane is suspected, treat only with tepid saline. Follow-up treatment for 2-3 weeks with broad-spectrum antibiotics, based on antibiogram results, and glucocorticoids, e.g. Otosporin and Gentaseptin , or antifungal drugs, such as Fucidin and Pevet . In severe cases, especially if the middle ear is affected, you should also systemic treatment antibiotics, fungicides and glycocorticoids. If after 4 weeks there is no recovery, the diagnosis should be checked and, if necessary, operated.

External warty otitis. The end stage of otitis externa. Thickening of the folds of the auricle, warty formations in the ear canal, which leads to its narrowing, usually fungal infection Malassezia or infection, often perforation of the eardrum. Operation shown.

Prevention

To prevent otitis media, it is necessary to avoid the causes that can provoke it. Once a week, inspect and carry out hygienic treatment of the ear canal.

Self-medication can be dangerous for animals, so a full-time examination and consultation with a doctor is necessary.

First aid for otitis: drip "Sofradex", "Ottinum" or "Ottipaks" into the ear. These drops will not do harm and take good pictures pain, itching.

If the dog scratched the ear strongly, crusts formed, then they can be carefully removed with a swab with hydrogen peroxide and the wounds treated with a solution of brilliant green. A "squishy" ear can be carefully sprinkled with a powder consisting of one part streptocide and five parts of boric acid. At elevated temperatures, you can give analgin: 0.5-1 tablet, depending on weight. And, of course, do not delay the visit to the doctor.

Periodic inspection will eliminate many problems. This is an effective preventive measure. Naturally, a dog from childhood should be accustomed to both examination and cleaning of the ears.

There are many choices for ear care. modern means: drops "Vetzim", powder " Ear powder "lines" 8 in 1 "and many others. They should be used when necessary, there is no need to wipe clean ears. Too zealous care leads to an imbalance in the microflora.

A dog that has had otitis should be seen by a doctor at least once a year. And following his recommendations during and after treatment is the best prevention of relapse.

Technology for the treatment of otitis media in dogs

During a physical examination, the entire body should be examined, especially the skin and cranial nerves. Examine the skin for damaged fur, saliva stains, and erythematous patches. Look for signs of middle ear inflammation (facial paralysis, Horner's syndrome, keratoconjunctivitis sicca) and signs of internal inflammation (head tilt, nystagmus, ataxia). Examine the oral cavity for soreness, which is often observed with developed inflammation of the middle ear, chronic inflammation or neoplasms. Examine the ears for tenderness, thickening, and calcification.

Exudative manifestations may vary depending on the individual characteristics of the body. otitis caused by Pseudomonas and Proteus , are manifested by soreness and the release of a large amount of pale or light yellow secretion and ulceration of the epithelium.

Infection with staphylococcus is manifested by the release of exudate from yellowish-brown to gray. In tick-borne lesions, it is secreted a large number of brown crumbly exudate, and with yeast lesions, yellowish-brown to brown exudate is released.

Cytological examination should be carried out for all types of otitis media. A dry cotton swab is used to collect exudate from the vertical canal. The resulting material is mixed with mineral oil and examined at 40x or 100x magnification for the presence of mites. Then the second swab is rolled up on a glass slide, the smear is fixed by heating and stained according to Diff Quick , new methylene blue, according to Wright/Giemsa or Gram. Examine the smear under immersion at 1000x magnification for the presence of bacteria, yeast, and inflammatory and epithelial cells. A swab from an unaffected ear under immersion may show isolated bacterial or yeast cells. Dogs with otitis usually find coccal forms, staphylococci or streptococci. Staphylococci are usually found in the form of diplococci (2 cells stuck together).

Sticks are usually Gr-( Pseudomonas, Proteus , Escherichia coli). Malassezia pachydermatis - oval or peanut-shaped Gr+ yeast, which is usually found on a glass slide next to epithelial cells. Malassezia easier to detect by cytology than by culture. When yeast is detected on cytological examination, hypersensitivity can be considered the primary cause of otitis media. If only rods are found on cytology, culture and antibiotic susceptibility testing should be performed.

Culture and susceptibility studies first of all help to establish the resistance of bacteria to agents used for topical therapy, especially if topical antibiotic therapy has already been carried out before and Gram-rods are found on cytology; or if there is already inflammation of the middle ear.

Radiography gives good results when examining patients with chronic otitis externa, if the doctor cannot determine whether inflammation of the middle ear is present on physical examination; assess the degree of damage in the presence of inflammation of the middle ear; and determine the degree of calcification of the ear cartilage (index to surgical intervention). Radiography can give a false negative result in the diagnosis of otitis media in 25% of patients. CT scan and magnetic resonance are more sensitive methods.

A biopsy is necessary to confirm the diagnosis of demodicosis, if scraping and cytology are negative or in the diagnosis of immunological diseases, allergies, adenitis sebaceous glands or neoplasms.

Other diagnostic studies include intradermal allergy tests; antibiotic samples for pyoderma; endocrine tests (eg, thyroid hormone levels); skin scraping for mites Demodex, sarcoptic mange, and Malassezia ; hypoallergenic diets; and cytology of pustules.

Cytological examination of the ceruminal glands: yeast-like fungus (Malassezia pachidermatitis)

Measures for inflammation of the outer and middle ear.

The goal of interventions for otitis externa is to eliminate, prevent and control the primary factors; cleaning and drying the ears; reduction of inflammation; and prevention of secondary infection.

Ear cleaning is necessary to remove all accumulated organic matter, to facilitate examination and the application of local therapy. The anesthetized animal is placed on its side. Examine the canal and remove hair or foreign bodies with forceps. Fill the ear canal and cover the outer ear with the cleaning solution and massage the canal for 2 minutes and the outer ear for 1 minute. Remove excess solution and organic buildup with a cotton ball. Try not to use cotton swabs, which can injure the epithelium and push organic accumulations further into the canal. The canal is flushed with warm water or sterile saline twice, using a syringe with a balloon or a syringe and a cat catheter, then all the liquid is aspirated using an 8 French red rubber catheter. Repeat otoscope examination. If the tympanic membrane is ruptured, the middle ear is cleaned (1% of patients may have short-term complications such as head tilt and nystagmus). Cleaning may not be effective or possible if the ears are severely stenotic or swollen. May need systemic or topical application glucocorticoids or antibiotics to relieve inflammation and swelling before the final cleansing. It is necessary to continue topical treatment after complete cleaning and drying the canal (liquid suction). Use neomycin, gentamicin, or chloramphenicol to suppress Gr+ cocci. If gram-rods are found on cytology, polymyxin, enrofloxacin, gentamicin, or amikacin should be used. Enrofloxacin is used to treat a ruptured eardrum. In the presence of yeast, clotrimazole or miconazole is used. You can also use a 2.5% solution of acetic acid or silver sulfadiazine (1 g of powder in 100 ml of water). Glucocorticoids are used topically to relieve inflammation. Dimethyl sulfoxide enhances the penetration of glucocorticoids such as fluocinolone, which reduces hyperplasia. The use of ototoxic substances should be avoided when using dimethyl sulfoxide to increase penetration and absorption of substances. Hosts should apply topical therapy 2-3 times a day, massaging the ears for 60 seconds after each application. To remove excess earwax, use special means to clean the ears every 3-7 days.

Additional studies should be carried out every 2 weeks to monitor the dynamics of the process (if there are improvements) and patient compliance with the regimen and treatment regimen, and develop a long-term treatment plan. Cytological studies are needed to further evaluate the response to ongoing treatment.

For example, if bacteria and yeast are absent, but inflammation continues, then allergic otitis media or otitis media due to excessive sulfur formation can be considered the primary factors. If the bacteria persist despite appropriate topical treatment, then the bacteria may be resistant to these drugs.

specific therapy.

Earwax solvents are used to clean the ears. They contain surfactants or emulsions that help dissolve sulfur plugs, soften them and help remove exudate. Water soluble substances contain docusate (DSS ) or propylene glycol; mineral oil, lanolin and glycerin are not water-soluble substances. Urea peroxide softens sulfur plugs.

Cleansing/drying mixtures are water-soluble and contain solvents for earwax and drying agents such as alcohol and alpha hydroxy acids (lactic, salicylic, malic), which have moderate antibacterial and antifungal effects.

Owners should be instructed how to clean the ear canal with special cleaners and massage the ear cartilage for 1-2 minutes, then remove wax buildup or let the dog shake it out. Purifiers work more effectively if the liquid is left in the ear for 15 to 20 minutes. The use of cleaners is contraindicated in perforation of the tympanic membrane due to possible ototoxic effects.

Flushing solutions are used to remove sulfur plugs or accumulations of organic matter. The safest are water or sterile saline. You can also use chlorhexidine, povidone iodine, xenodin and acetic acid.

Chlorhexidine (0.05%) is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent that has a long residual effect for 2 days and is not inactivated by organic substances. May be ototoxic, but one study showed no ototoxic effects after 21 days in dogs with experimentally perforated tympanic membranes. Povidone iodine (0.1-1%) is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent, although Gy-organisms are more resistant. It has residual activity for 4-6 hours, but is inactivated by organic substances. It can also be ototoxic and may cause contact allergies in some animals. Xenodin diluted 1:1 with water renders effective action for resistant strains Pseudomonas . It has a long-lasting effect, causes less tissue reaction than povidone-iodine and interacts less with organic substances. This substance is more effective in the aquatic environment. Acetic acid (when diluted 1:2-1:3) acidifies the internal environment of the canal, has antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas , staphylococci, streptococci and Escherichia coli, dissolves accumulations of organic matter, but can cause inflammation.

Means for local therapy is usually applied twice a day. The principle of treatment, which is often followed, is: “If wet, dry. If dry, moisturize. In other words, if the ears are wet, drying agents should be used, and if the ears are dry, flaky, oil-based agents that have a moisturizing effect should be used.

Medicines are often divided into first choice and second choice medicines (see list at the end). First-choice drugs (ie, trezadem, panalogue) are used for acute or occasionally recurrent otitis externa; they usually contain antibiotics and corticosteroids, some contain antifungal components. Second choice drugs (i.e. synotic, otomax, enrofloxosin) for chronic or recurrent cases with significant proliferative changes or resistant microflora. Solutions or lotions are often used for more acute exudative lesions because they are less likely to obstruct patency. Ointments and oil-based substances are used in the treatment of drier chronic otitis externa.

Topical application of antibiotics and antifungals is necessary for most types of otitis externa, since the corresponding microorganisms multiply in the inflamed canals. Topical application of glucocorticoids is prescribed to most patients, since they have anti-inflammatory, vasoconstrictive effects, relieve itching, reduce proliferation and reduce secretion. Dimethyl sulfoxide is a topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that also has analgesic, moisture-absorbing, and mild antibacterial/antifungal effects. Dimethyl sulfoxide prevents excessive formation of connective tissue and facilitates the absorption of antibiotics and glucocorticoids. It is often used in conjunction with fluocinolone (Synotic) for developed allergic and proliferative otitis externa. Dimethyl sulfoxide potentiates the ototoxic effect of other medicines.

Systemic glucocorticoids or antibiotics should be considered for otitis externa, acute otitis externa, or recurrent or chronic otitis externa. Antibiotics should be effective against staphylococci, streptococci and E. coli (i.e. 1st generation cephalosporins, amoxicillin with clavulanic acid, chloramphenicol) and against Pseudomonas (enrofloxacin, ticarcillin, ceftiofur) in chronic cases in which other antibiotics are ineffective. Culture isolation and susceptibility testing are essential for selecting appropriate antibiotics. Prednisolone is prescribed at 0.5-1.1 mg / kg / day for severe inflammation or proliferative changes, the dose is gradually reduced after 2-3 weeks of treatment.

Specific diseases - external bacterial otitis media.

If cytological examination reveals a large number of leukocytes and bacteria, especially if the latter are localized inside leukocytes, it can be concluded that bacteria are involved in the pathogenesis of otitis externa. Acute or occasionally recurrent otitis media with bacterial isolation on cytology is treated with topical drugs, often neomycin. Chloramphenicol also works satisfactorily as a broad-spectrum topical antibiotic, but is not effective against Pseudomonas . Gentamicin should not be used in acute and occasionally recurrent cases to avoid the development of microflora resistance. Before using antibiotics, cleansing/drying agents should be used (increased local action). Systemic use of antibiotics is indicated for significant tissue edema, a huge number of inflammatory cells in cytological examination, with tissue ulceration or dermatitis around the auricle.

With the constant detection of bacteria during cytological examination, especially in the presence of Gram-rods, it can be concluded that the microflora is resistant to locally applied drugs. If the microflora is resistant, preparations containing gentamicin are topically applied, or local and systemic use of the preparations is stopped for 3-5 days, then the culture is isolated and examined for sensitivity to antibiotics.

For otitis caused by Pseudomonas , apply topical polymyxin B, colistin sulfate, amikacin, or enrofloxacin, or select a systemic antibiotic based on susceptibility test results. Glucocorticoids, topically or orally, can also be used additionally. With stability Pseudomonas to all antibiotics in standard testing, repeat susceptibility testing with stronger antibiotics (eg, ceftiofur) or use silver sulfadiazine, xenodin, chlorhexidine, or Tris-EDTA with or without gentamicin ( Tris-EDTA enhances the effectiveness of gentamicin against pseudomonas).

Other primary or predisposing factors such as atopy, food allergy, or anatomical changes should also be considered.

Infections caused Malassezia (yeast mushrooms).

Malassezia (yeast mushrooms) are opportunistic pathogens causing inflammatory changes. Allergies are often the main problem. Antifungal agents include ketoconazole, miconazole, nystatin, and clotrimazole. Miconazole is 10 times stronger than nystatin. The activity of amphotericin and thiabendazole varies depending on the type of pathogen. Hosts should also use cleansers/dryers every 24-48 hours. Topical application of glucocorticoids is indicated to relieve inflammation. With stability malassezia use clotrimazole, miconazole, silver sulfadiazine (mixed 50:50 with water and applied every 12 hours), oral ketoconazole (5-10 mg / kg every 12 hours for 2-4 weeks; you can use a prolonged form of 5-10 mg / kg every 48 hours) or oral itraconazole (5 mg/kg/day for 2-4 weeks).

Specific treatment - ear mites Otodectes.

The ears are cleaned, then locally active substances are applied or acaricidal substances are applied systemically, all animals that have been in contact with the infected animal are treated. Pyrethrins, carbaryl and rotenone have no effect on mite eggs, so they should be used for 21-28 days, throughout life cycle tick. Thiabendazole is effective against ticks at any stage of development, including eggs. It may be necessary to treat the entire surface of the body with a solution or spray against fleas, since ticks can move to another part of the body. The disinfection of the environment should also be taken into account. Ivermectin has an effective effect, both when administered orally, and when applied topically and parenterally. Dosage 3mg/kg once a week for 3-4 weeks or 3mg/kg every 10-14 days. Ivermectin should not be used on Collies, Great Danes, Australian Cattle Dogs and their hybrids. Before using ivermectin, a test for the presence of heartworms should be performed.

Demodicosis.

Demodicosis can be generalized or localized to the ears (especially in cats). Trezaderm, amitraz solution in propylene glycol (dogs, diluted 1:30 to 1:60), oral ivermectin (0.6 mg/kg every 24 hours for 2-3 weeks, thereafter as indicated), or oral milbemycin oxime (1 mg/kg every 24 hours for 2-3 weeks, thereafter as indicated).

Allergic otitis.

Allergic otitis has a tendency to chronic course or relapses. Allergies should be controlled with diet, oral glucocorticoids, antihistamines, fatty acids, or desensitization. Sick animals require supportive topical therapy. Initially, the goal of therapy is to relieve inflammation and control the development of a secondary/opportunistic infection. First choice medications such as Tresaderm or Panalogue should be used if germs are present. If microbes are not detected during cytological examination, substances that relieve inflammation (for example, synotic) are used. Along with the control of bacterial / yeast microflora, maintenance therapy is used, depending on the degree of development of the disease. For subacute allergic otitis media, purifying/drying agents are used. For moderate allergic otitis media, mild glucocorticoids/astringents (HB 101 or Burow's liquid (?) or Cort/Astrin ) or glucocorticoids/cleansers/dryers ( Epi-otic or Clear X ). In advanced cases, stronger glucocorticoids are used ( Synotic ). Long-term topical use of strong glucocorticoids is contraindicated because they are absorbed and have a systemic effect and cause the development of symptoms similar to Cushing's syndrome. Prolonged use of solutions containing antibiotics can lead to the development of resistance of the microflora, as well as to have an ototoxic effect or cause the development of an allergy to medicinal substances. If the animal is prone to recurrent bacterial or fungal otitis media with allergies, tresaderm should be used every 48 hours throughout life, or if ear inflammation is severe, use Synotic with chloramphenicol (2-4 ml / 8 ml of synotic every 48 hours, rubber gloves must be worn when applying). With a relapse Malassezia treatment should be with a cleaner/dryer 1-3 times a week and a solution of Conophyte with the addition of dexamethasone (4 mg/kg) or for a long time, oral ketoconazole every 48 hours. Management of allergic otitis is similar to the treatment of atopy or food allergies.

Inflammation of the outer and middle ear.

Otitis due to excessive formation of earwax .

Sulfuric otitis associated with endocrinopathy (hypothyroidism, imbalance of sex hormones) or idiopathic seborrhea. Affected animals show mild to moderate inflammation and excessive accumulations of yellow sulfur. Such animals are prone to developing secondary yeast or bacterial infections. Monitoring of primary factors should be carried out until complete cure of otitis media. If necessary, apply continuous local therapy; once the secondary yeast/bacterial infection has cleared, supportive therapy with glucocorticoids or glucocorticoids/astringents is given, as well as routine washing with cleansers/desiccants or simply desiccants.

The specific disease is idiopathic inflammatory/hyperplastic otitis externa of cocker spaniels.

There are reports that Cocker Spaniel idiopathic inflammatory/hyperplastic otitis externa also occurs in other spaniel breeds. Otitis media develops early age and gradually progresses, causing proliferation, canal stenosis, cartilage calcification, and goes into inflammation of the middle ear. In sick animals, there are usually no other skin diseases. This condition must be differentiated from atopy, food allergy, and idiopathic ear sebaceous inflammation in Cocker Spaniels. Active glucocorticoid therapy (topically) is required, some patients may require oral glucocorticoids every 48 hours to control the disease. Resection of the lateral auditory canal does not make sense, total resection with osteotomy of the tympanic bladder is indicated for stenosis, significant proliferative changes and cartilage calcification.

Proliferative otitis externa.

Proliferative otitis externa requires active topical (dexamethasone, betamethasone, or fluocinolone) and systemic glucocorticoids if inflammation is present, as well as topical and systemic antibiotics to clear deep-seated infection. Oral prednisolone is started at 1 mg/kg/day and tapered gradually over several weeks. Total resection of the auditory canal with osteotomy of the tympanic bladder is recommended.

Otitis externa in swimmers.

Otitis externa in swimmers may be based on an allergic component with the imposition of a secondary bacterial or fungal infection (yeast). The infection is suppressed with topical drugs, followed by ongoing maintenance therapy with drugs such as isopropyl alcohol or aluminum acetate. Acetic acid is used as an antimicrobial and cleanser, and is also used in the treatment process. HB 101 Epiotic HC or Clear X , as well as steroids for allergies.

Chronic irritation.

Chronic irritation with topical application of drugs - contact hypersensitivity. The most frequently observed reactions are neomycin, sometimes propylene glycol, in some cases acetic acid, alcohol, glycerin, povidone iodine. Cytological examination reveals neutrophils; bacteria and yeast fungi are absent. If irritation is severe, the irritant should be removed and oral glucocorticoids given (0.5-1 mg/kg prednisolone every 24 hours for 3-7 days). If necessary, switch to the use of substances with an astringent effect and local anti-inflammatory therapy. If necessary, use chloramphenicol as an antibacterial agent.

Overdose.

Overdose is manifested by inflammation of the auditory canal; cytological examination reveals epithelial cells. To relieve inflammation, stop the topical use of drugs and clean with a mixture of vinegar and water (1: 2-1: 3) within 24-48 hours.

The inflammatory process in the ear, or in other words otitis media, can cause discomfort not only to a person. From this disease very often pets suffer, and for their acute hearing and delicate surfaces of the auricle, this is a rather difficult test. If the dog's ears become dirty very quickly, an unpleasant smell comes from them, the animal shakes its head very often and tries to comb its ears, then you should show the pet to the veterinarian. Most likely, we are talking about otitis media in dogs.

Otitis in a dog photo

There are several classifications of the disease. According to the localization of the infectious process, otitis is divided into:

External - inflammation affects the external auditory canal, located between the inlet and the surface of the tympanic membrane.
Average - inflammatory process penetrates deep into the eardrum. Often accompanied by suppuration - this form of the disease is called purulent otitis media. With a neglected or complicated form of otitis media, inflammation of the outer and middle ear is often found.
Internal - a severe form of the disease, the lesion is localized in the inner ear and very often causes various kinds of complications.

Depending on the cause of the development of the disease, the following types are distinguished:

Primary otitis - occurs as an independent disease and proceeds without concomitant diseases.
Secondary otitis - inflammation is a complication of a dermatological disease. Most often, this type of otitis media appears against the background of atopic, dermatosis, autoimmune diseases, damage to the adrenal glands or thyroid gland.

There is a classification based on the causative agent of the disease:

Chronic otitis media is a complex inflammation that requires specialist advice. It is provoked by streptococci, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and also Escherichia coli.
Fungal otitis media (otomycosis) - fungal bacteria mix with earwax, begin to multiply rapidly, causing inflammation.
Bacterial otitis - pathogenic bacteria often cause the development of otitis media, and both one or both ears can be affected.
Allergic otitis - develops due to allergies or hormonal imbalance.

Risk group

Predisposing factors include hereditary predisposition and thallium intoxication. There is a connection between breeds and the development of otitis media, since the disease and its course are associated with the structure of the auricle.

Most often, inflammation develops in owners of long, hanging ears, which are hidden from natural ventilation and are an ideal "hotbed" for the development and reproduction of pathogenic microorganisms. Among breeds with a similar problem, spaniels and poodles can be noted.

But not only the owners of such ears can suffer from otitis media. Pets with too open ear canal, for example, East European Shepherds, are also victims of frequent inflammatory processes. Their hearing organ is not protected from the penetration of pathogenic bacteria.

Why does otitis media develop in dogs?

The primary form of the disease can manifest itself after hypothermia, injury to the animal, due to malnutrition or infection with helminths. There can be many reasons, and if the pet's immunity is reduced and cannot resist, then the disease affects the dog's ears.

If it's about infectious agent, then most often they are streptococcus or staphylococcus, developing in a weakened animal body.

Signs of otitis media in dogs

The clinical picture of the disease is as follows:

the pet is restless, as he feels ear pain and itching;
purulent exudate flows from the ear, which has a nauseating odor, the discharge may contain an admixture of blood;
the pet often tilts its head and shakes its ears;
the ear canal turns red;
the ear becomes hot to the touch, the temperature in the affected area rises;
tissue swelling in the ear;
you can feel enlarged The lymph nodes from the inflamed organ;
at the pet;
the dog is lethargic, does not find a place for itself, can circle in the direction of the inflamed ear.

During severe forms of otitis in dogs, the following symptoms and complications are possible:

hearing loss;
development of strabismus;
the dog has difficulty eating - it is hard to chew due to pain;
discharge of exudate from the eyes.

Diagnosis of disease in dogs

Making the right early diagnosis is half the road to recovery. Veterinarians warn owners not to ignore the condition of the pet and not treat the disease on their own.

Therapy for otitis media in dogs

Given the variety of forms and types of the disease, it is difficult not to guess that there is no single treatment for otitis media in dogs. Each variety requires an individual approach:

Purulent otitis - is carried out in without fail antibiotic therapy, the affected auricles are treated with chlorhexidine and hydrogen peroxide.
Chronic otitis - involves the use of antibiotics, dexamethasone compresses are recommended. Candibiotic drops are also prescribed - a remedy that fights fungi and pathogenic bacteria.
Fungal otitis - Gaselan 2% is used, the ear is regularly treated using a phosphoric acid solution.
Bacterial otitis media - complex preparations with antifungal and antibacterial action are used for treatment, for example, the drug in the form of Surolan spray drops.
Allergic form of otitis media - includes a three-month strict, antipruritic drops are prescribed to eliminate itching. If the allergy is of a permanent seasonal nature, you can apply antihistamines appointed by the veterinarian.

The most common antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs include the following:

Otibiovin;
Otipax;
Otofenarol;
Normax.

For local treatment, camphor oil, aversectin ointment, Dekta are used, with tick-borne lesions - Amit ointment.

To increase and maintain the immune system, a course of Askorutin, Vitam, Gamavit and other vitamin preparations is prescribed.

Ear drops Otipax, Framycetin have an excellent anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect.

Treatment of otitis media in dogs at home

hydrogen peroxide;
vaseline oil;
saline.

Also for these purposes, you can purchase special lotions for cleaning the ears of the animal. If the disease has developed to a late stage and crusts have formed in the pet's auricles, hydrogen peroxide will help remove them.

Pet owners need to know that ear inflammation is treated quite poorly, especially in protracted, severe forms. Therefore, it is recommended that you contact your veterinarian at the first sign of illness.

An example of otitis on video:

Preventive measures

The owner must take care of the health of his pet, and therefore prevent the development of various kinds of diseases. Prevention of otitis media consists in the following actions:

do not allow hypothermia of the dog;
after bathing, you need to remove excess water with a cotton swab;
it is worth carrying out regular hygiene procedures - daily examination of the auricles and cleaning a couple of times a week;
it is required to provide, if necessary, supplementing it with vitamin supplements;
limit contact of the dog with other unfamiliar animals;
If possible, avoid injury to your pet and stressful situations.

Otitis can cause deafness of the animal, and, in addition, cause a number of irreversible consequences. To prevent this from happening, you should carefully monitor your beloved dog, and not try to prescribe and conduct therapy on your own.

There are a number of major causes of otitis media in dogs.

Decreased immunity. The low activity of the pet's immune system leads to a weakening protective function skin. As a result, in the ears there is an increased reproduction of numerous microorganisms and fungus, inflammation develops.
The presence of hair in the ears. Too thick hair in the dog's ears has several negative effects: it interferes with the removal of excess sulfur from the ear canal, blocks the access of air (it stagnates and becomes waterlogged), irritates the skin, leading to increased work of the ear glands.
Neoplasms in the ear. The growths in the ear canal can disrupt ventilation, bleed, fester, causing an active growth in the number of pathogenic microbes.
Allergy. Allergic reactions cause otitis by increased sulfur secretion, a decrease in local immunity.
Ear mite. Damages the skin of the ear canal, causing inflammation.
Growth of cartilage and skin folds. This feature characteristic of dogs of certain breeds, for example, sharpei. As a result of an excessive increase in the size of the folds in the ear canal, gas exchange is disturbed in it.
Water penetration. Stagnation of fluid in the ear contributes to the reproduction of pathogenic microorganisms.
Entry of a foreign body. If it gets stuck in the dog's ear foreign object, the access of air will stop, irritation of the nerve endings will begin, the release of sulfur in excess, the growth of bacteria.
Hormonal disbalance. Any endocrine disorders can cause excessive secretion of sulfur, a decrease in local defenses.
Not proper nutrition. An excess of simple sugars (sweets) in the pet's diet leads to their presence in the produced sulfur. Released in an increased volume, it becomes nutrient medium for infection.
Heredity. Animals with drooping ears (spaniels), an overly open shell (shepherd dogs) and those prone to allergies are more likely to develop otitis media than others.

Photo of otitis media in dogs

How does otitis media present in dogs?

Symptoms of otitis media in a dog can be varied, the degree and form of their severity depends on the type of disease, immunity, individual characteristics of the pet, neglect of the process. The owner should contact the clinic if he notices the following manifestations:

the animal shakes its head or scratches its ears frequently;
the pet does not allow you to touch the ears;
there was a discharge from the external auditory canal;
the dog whines when he tries to scratch his ears;
too much sulfur in the passage;
wool falls out at the beginning of the ear canal, sores, redness, wounds appear;
lymph nodes under the jaw of the animal are enlarged;
the ears are hot to the touch, and their swelling is observed.

As the pathological process develops, the general body temperature of the pet rises, he refuses to eat.

In some cases, the predominance of one or another symptom may indicate the cause of otitis media.

Deep growing hair

ear mite

On the surface of the skin of the auricle and ear canal there are dark crusts. When they are removed, wounds can be distinguished

Bacteria, fungi

Swelling of the skin, redness, suppuration, increase in local and general temperature

Liquid discharge from the ears

Allergy

The appearance of an allergic reaction in other parts of the body

Types of otitis media in dogs

There are several classifications of otitis media in dogs.

Origin

Primary. It develops independently (hypothermia).
Secondary. It is a consequence of any disorders, for example, hormonal.

By localization

Otitis externa.
Otitis media.
Internal otitis. The most dangerous, as the eardrum, cartilage tissue become inflamed. There is a threat of sepsis and the spread of the process to the brain.

By the nature of the discharge

Purulent.
Exudative (a lot of sulfur is released).

With the flow

Spicy. It is typical for him strong pain, sudden onset of symptoms.
Chronic otitis. Has washed out symptoms. It is characterized by a long course with alternating periods of exacerbation and remission.

According to the source of inflammation

Fungal. The reproduction of the fungus is very intensive, so the disease quickly passes to inner ear. Symptoms are pronounced, which brings anxiety and pain to the pet.
Bacterial. Accompanied by an increase in temperature, the formation of crusts on the surface of the ear canal.
Malasession otitis. Refers to fungal types of otitis media. The causative agent is Malassezia. It is present on the surface of the skin of the dog's ear, but manifests itself only when the body's defenses are reduced. Often accompanied by a bacterial infection.
Allergic. Manifested in swelling, itching, redness of tissues. Does not respond to antifungal and antibacterial drugs. You can suspect an allergy if you find similar symptoms in other parts of the body.
Verrucous otitis media (warty). Numerous warts, growths form on the surface of the dog's ear skin, which gradually block the ear canal, leading to inflammation.

Important: to diagnose the type of otitis in a dog, it is better to consult a specialist. Only laboratory tests can pinpoint the exact cause of the disease. Self-selection of drugs can provoke complications, up to deafness or inflammation of the meninges and death of the pet.

How to diagnose

In the veterinary clinic, the owner will not only need to show the dog to a specialist, but also answer a number of questions. Of great importance for the diagnosis are: diet (the predominant product or feed), walking characteristics, the presence or absence of vaccinations, chronic diseases. You will need to remember when the symptoms appeared, what is the nature of the disease, the behavior of the animal and other nuances.

For diagnosis, a veterinarian may prescribe the following types of examinations:

blood tests, discharge from the ear canal;
ear scraping;
x-ray (if a foreign object is suspected);
tomography (to assess the condition of the inner ear, meninges).

Treatment of otitis media in dogs

Treatment of otitis media in dogs is complex. The conservative approach includes a number of areas:

elimination of the cause (if possible);
removal of puffiness, itching, pain;
getting rid of crusts, secretions, external treatment;
detoxification of the pet's body;
destruction of pathogenic microbes in the ear and throughout the body;
strengthening the immune system.

If we are talking about overgrowth of the ear canal, tumors, a foreign body, then it is possible to carry out surgical intervention.

Due to the variety of forms of ear inflammation in dogs, treatment will vary. So, in chronic otitis media, in addition to antibacterial drugs prescribed during an exacerbation, it is recommended to use drops to prevent the growth of fungi and bacteria. Fungal otitis requires the use of antimycotic agents, and bacterial inflammation is treated with antibiotics. When diagnosing allergic otitis, first of all, a strict diet and antihistamines are prescribed.

Drugs for the treatment of otitis media in dogs

Prescribing the drug

Medicine name

Hygiene treatment

Otoclin, Otifri

Antiseptics

Hydrogen peroxide, Chlorhexidine

Healing

Sanatol, Levomekol

Eliminating the symptoms of inflammation (pain, itching)

Otinum, Otipax

Antimicrobial drops

Otobiovet, Sofradex, Tsipromed

Antifungal

Clotrimazole, Nitrofungin

From ear mites

Amitrazine, Leopard, Otoferonol

Antibacterial

Amoxicillin, Ceftriaxone, Mastiet forte

Combined

Otospectrin, Tresaderm, Oricin

Body detoxification

Hydrolysin, Sirepar

To improve immunity

Immunofan, Cycloferon

Complications of otitis media in dogs

An untimely appeal to a veterinarian or a sharp and rapid development of an infection can lead to dangerous complications, which is especially characteristic of bacterial otitis media. In addition to the transition of the disease to a chronic form, the dog may have such consequences as:

hearing loss, deafness;
inflammation of the meninges;
neurological disorders;
psychical deviations;
swelling of the inner ear;
lesions of the eyes of a purulent nature, strabismus.

Features of treatment at home

Even if the owner knows how to treat this or that type of otitis in a dog, it is necessary to carry out ear therapy at home only after identifying the pathogen. You should not immediately stuff your pet with antibiotics or bury the first drops that come to hand. Such "treatment" can lead to a deterioration in the condition of the animal.

What other rules should be observed when treating an animal at home? First, ear cleaning should be done with a swab, not a stick. Due to its small size, carry out hygiene of the auricle and ear canal in fully impossible.

The owner must have the skills to clean the ears of the animal, especially if the breed has a tortuous ear canal, there are numerous folds and cartilage growths. There is a high probability of inept actions to cause pain in the dog. In addition, if there are outgrowths and folds, it will not be possible to properly see the surface of the skin and carry out hygiene.

Some owners believe that hydrogen peroxide should be instilled into the animal's ear so that it "dissolves" deposits, which can then be easily removed. In fact, the solution is intended only for treating the sink. Penetrating into the ear and contacting with pus, damaged surface, gray, peroxide foams, leading to specific sounds in the ears. The animal may be afraid.

All that is required of the owner is to provide the dog with peace, adequate competent treatment, good nutrition and attention.

What to do before visiting the vet

If you can’t immediately seek help from a veterinarian, you can take several independent measures that will alleviate the condition of the dog.

Examine the concha and external auditory canal. This must be done carefully so as not to hurt the animal.
In the presence of damage, treat them with a swab dipped in hydrogen peroxide.
Otinum can be dripped inside the ear. This remedy is not dangerous for the health of the dog. It will help eliminate pain, itching, soften deposits. It is better not to use other drops or ear ointment before a doctor's examination and diagnosis, so as not to accidentally contribute to the resistance of microorganisms to further treatment.
If your pet is feverish, you can give him an antipyretic, such as paracetamol.

Prevention of otitis media in dogs

Minor restrictions and rules for caring for a dog will help prevent the development of otitis media.

Attentive attitude to a four-legged friend and, in case of otitis media, a timely visit to veterinary clinic will be the key to the health of the ears and the whole body of the dog.

Otitis media is an inflammation of the ear.

The ear is a complex organ that in all mammals, including dogs, is responsible for hearing and determining the position of the body in space. Anatomically, the ear consists of the outer ear (the auricle and the canal from the “entrance” to the ear to the eardrum), the middle ear (the tympanic cavity in the temporal bone, in which are familiar to everyone from school auditory ossicles: hammer, anvil and stirrup, transmitting sound from the tympanic membrane to the oval window) and the inner ear (here is the balance apparatus and cells that transmit sound impulses to the brain).

Accordingly, there are inflammations of the outer, middle and inner ear - external, middle and internal otitis media.

Otitis externa in dogs

Inflammation of the external auditory canal, known as external otitis, meets in dogs often. The disease can have a different etiology, therefore, for accurate diagnosis and the appointment of an effective dog otitis treatment needs professional help. The causes that cause the development of the disease can be ticks, foreign bodies, wounds and injuries, tumors. Often otitis develops as one of the symptoms of atopy or food allergy.

There are also factors predisposing to the development otitis media, for example, narrow ear pass in dogs its excessive overgrowth, strongly pronounced folding of the skin on the head. Lop-eared breeds are more likely to develop otitis externa. The problem can be provoked by unskilled hair removal and ear cleaning.

All these factors ultimately lead to a violation of the barrier properties of the skin of the external auditory canal, the balance between bacterial and fungal flora is disturbed. Bacteria and fungi that always live in the ears of a dog and do not normally cause any concern, begin to multiply actively and cause inflammation. Otitis externa in a dog requires a mandatory and thorough treatment, you can’t start the problem, self-healing is extremely unlikely.

Symptoms of otitis externa in dogs

What kind signs will indicate to the owner of the animal the development of external otitis media in dogs?

A change in the behavior of the animal - prolonged scratching of the ear, frequent shaking of the head, a sharp negative reaction to an attempt to touch the ears, apathy, decrease and loss of appetite - the first signs of a problem. May also change appearance ear secretion, an unpleasant odor will appear and the amount of secretion will increase. With these symptoms the animal must be taken to a specialist immediately. The sooner the diagnosis is made dogs e, the faster and easier it will pass otitis media treatment.

The neglected form manifests itself in the form of abscesses or ulcerations, edema, accompanied by purulent secretions from the ear. These signs require immediate medical attention. The main danger is the transition of the outer otitis media in dogs in otitis media and inner ear. Surgery may be required to treat these conditions. The carelessness of the owner in matters treatment outdoor otitis media can result in very serious consequences - hearing loss in dogs, meningitis, encephalitis and even fatal.

The answer to the question how to treat otitis media in dogs primarily on the etiology of the disease. After the tests, the doctor will determine the cause and make an accurate diagnosis.

Bacterial otitis media in dogs develops as a result of infection of the ear canal with bacteria that normally cannot penetrate the skin. As a rule, bacteria penetrate through areas damaged by scratching or trauma, and begin to multiply actively. As pathogens otitis media in dogs most often staphylococci, streptococci, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus act. severe forms bacterial otitis in a dog can lead to the development of purulent otitis, the treatment of which requires a whole range of measures. The purulent form is characterized copious excretion oily, foul-smelling, purulent secretions from the patient's ear or ears. The neglected form of purulent otitis media in dogs in difficult cases can be difficult to respond to therapeutic treatment. Then, after 4 weeks, the examination should be repeated and the question of surgical intervention should be decided. The purpose of the operation in this situation is to expand the ear canal, facilitating the access of drugs and air to the area of inflammation.

Fungal otitis media, like bacterial, is diagnosed in dogs according to the results of research taken from the ear sample. Its cause is fungal infection. Fungal otitis media in dogs and can be either primary or secondary. Fungal infection is often found in various allergic reactions. The cause is also a weakened immune system, this happens after serious illness or a course of strong antibiotics. Scheme treatment of fungal otitis in dogs and includes local and, in rare cases, systemic therapy.

In the absence of adequate treatment (non-compliance with the scheme and duration of the use of drugs) or an incorrect determination of the cause of the disease, otitis externa can become chronic.

Also chronic otitis media in dogs may be secondary. Its development is possible against the background of allergies, atopy and a number of endocrine diseases. Treatment of chronic otitis media in dogs occurs in association with the underlying disease. Knowing about the dog's tendency to such ailments, the owner should be especially careful about preventive measures, note changes in behavior in order to more effectively stop the next exacerbation.

allergic otitis media in dogs is one of the chronic forms. It occurs along with other symptoms of the reaction of the immune system to an external stimulus. AT dog allergic otitis treatment it is very important to start the course of treatment on time, avoiding the transition to acute or purulent form. Often, just local measures and anti-allergic therapy are enough to relieve symptoms. allergic otitis media, and the total of treatment occurs after isolation of the allergen.

Otitis media in dogs

The cause of otitis media is the penetration of infection from the external auditory canal. It occurs in acute or chronic otitis externa due to rupture of the eardrum, less often - the infection penetrates from the pharynx through the Eustachian tubes. Otitis media in dogs has the following symptoms: pain when pressed at the base of the auricle, hearing impairment, partial paralysis facial nerves(the shape of the muzzle may change in the dog), as well as the so-called Horner's syndrome (omission upper eyelid and constriction of the pupil of the eye from the affected ear). This is due to damage to the sympathetic nerves passing in the tympanic cavity. Average otitis dog most often occurs due to untimely access to a doctor, delay treatment, as a result, the disease progresses to the stage chronic purulent outdoor otitis, which sooner or later leads to damage and rupture of the eardrum .

Treatment of otitis media in dogs is to detect the pathogen and determine its resistance, thorough rehabilitation, the use of antibiotics and glucocorticoids locally and systemically. Therapy can be quite long, up to 6-8 weeks. If during this time otitis media treatment does not bring positive results dogs, an operation should be considered, during which the doctor will open the tympanic cavity, remove pus and dead tissue, rinse the cavity with an antiseptic and install drainage. Treatment of otitis media in dogs should only be done under medical supervision. Advanced cases or self-treatment can lead to hearing loss in the animal, as well as, as we said earlier, to the transition of infection from the middle to the inner ear, which, in turn, can lead to meningitis, encephalitis and death.

Otitis externa in dogs is the most severe form of otitis media. It occurs when an infection affects the inner ear. As a result, deafness occurs; the dog also loses the idea of the position of his body in space. A sick animal has a tilt of the head towards the sick ear, lack of coordination, the temperature rises sharply, the animal refuses to eat. These symptoms threaten the life of the animal due to the high probability of infection in the dog's brain. If you notice such signs in your pet, this is an occasion to urgently, within the next few hours, take him to the doctor. Only timely help, the introduction of very strong antibiotics and corticosteroid drugs intravenously, as well as drainage of a purulent cavity, can save a life in this case. Treatment of such an animal is possible only in a hospital.

Methods for treating otitis media in dogs

The sooner the owner turns to a specialist, the more effective it will be. treatment of otitis media in dogs. Depending on the nature and form of the disease, various local and systemic drugs are used.

At treatment of otitis externa in dogs first, the doctor examines, perhaps the cause (foreign body, excessive overgrowth) can be eliminated immediately.

Further, if the cause is not immediately clear, the doctor will take tests and conduct a thorough sanitation of the ear canal. High-quality cleaning of the passages, without the risk of perforating the eardrum, can only be done by a qualified specialist. There are frequent cases in veterinary practice when unscrupulous cleaning of the ears became the cause of the development of otitis externa in a dog, and subsequent treatment.

Primary therapy includes rinsing the ear with saline. Only it can be used if there is no confidence in the integrity of the eardrum.

The initial stages of infection are treated, as a rule, with local remedies (antifungal or antibacterial drops in the ears).

Purulent external otitis requires special attention. In addition to local drugs, systemic antibiotics (injections or tablets) are prescribed. Sometimes, if treatment is ineffective, the appointment drugs for treatment purulent otitis media in dogs corrected after an antibiogram. Usually the duration of therapy is 2-3 weeks, but sometimes up to two months.

The dog has otitis - what to do owner?

The first symptoms of the disease should immediately set the owner to visit a specialist. After inspection, sanitation of the passage and additional examination the doctor will determine the degree of damage, prescribe the necessary drugs. In mild cases treatment for otitis media in dogs held at home with regular visits to a specialist.

allergic or chronic forms demand additional measures to eliminate the pathogen from the environment, for example, changing the feed, sanitizing the premises, changing the conditions of detention.

Acute, purulent, warty forms or damage to the ear canal as a result of neglected otitis media in dogs sometimes require surgical intervention, which is carried out in at home impossible, that treatment can only be done in a clinic.

The worst idea treatment of otitis media in dogs on the advice of friends or Internet sources. Without knowing the causes of the disease, you can harm the animal. Sometimes veterinarians have to correct the consequences of poor treatment first. otitis at home, and only then assign an effective treatment the disease itself dog.

Prevention of the disease is timely cleaning of the ear canals, cutting off excess hair, proper nutrition and caring care, attention to the behavior of the pet. Animals prone to allergies, atopy and autoimmune diseases should undergo regular preventive examinations.