The dilution time in the sperm is more than 60 minutes. Spermogram: key research indicator

The amount of spermatozoa in the seed fluid is a very important indicator, from which the likelihood of the child's conception directly depends. If you take care of your health, you feel good, but you can't conceive the baby, ask your husband to give sperm on a laboratory analysis. Insufficient concentration of spermatozoa and the small viability of these elements may cause male infertion.

The number of sperms in the seed fluid can be different. This indicator depends on individual features The body, age and health status of a man. Doctors argue that the generally accepted norm is the amount of spermatozoa in 1 ml. Equal 15-17 million. The World Health Organization indicates the minimum and maximum permissible standards.

When the concentration of spermatozoa is low, the patient is diagnosed with oligozoosperm. If you want to have children, then such pathology must be treated. The course of therapy is selected by a physician individually for each patient.

How much spermatozoa in one sperm drop? If you have easy calculations, you can easily find out that about 750 thousand sperms "live" in such a droplet. Impressive, isn't it? At ejaculation, men are released to 5 ml. sperm. The total number of spermatozoa in the ejaculate is 300 million.

It seems that this is more than enough to fertilize only one egg cell. However, only the strongest and fast spermatozoa will be able to overcome

wednesday vagina. The rest will inevitably die and without reaching the main goal.

Deviation

If the amount of spermatozoa in the ejaculate is below the norm, a man can become fruitless. The reasons for the development of pathology called oligozoospermia can be several. Most often, the concentration of spermatozoa is reduced due to frequent ejaculation. The body of a man leading an active sex life simply does not have time to produce the desired amount of spermatozoa. If you want to increase the number of liveliness in the seed fluid, and conceive healthy child, Try to refrain from daily sex or masturbation.

Additional reasons for insufficient spermatozoa content in ejaculate may be:

• Incorrect diet. To actively generate sperm in the daily menu, men must contain a sufficient amount of proteins, animal fats and vitamins.
• Pathology of men's genital organs, in particular, testicles. It may be epididimitis or orchit.
• Diseases of the urogenital system, venereal pathologies.
• The result of the habitat injury of testicles or penis.
• Strong intoxication of the organism harmful substancescontained in alcohol, nicotine, tablets or poisoned air.

To determine the exact reason for reducing the concentration of spermatozoa in the seed fluid, you must refer to the experienced doctor and get full medical examination. Sometimes pathologically low content Sperpev does not appear in any way, does not have any reasons. Such pathology may be congenital.

If you find out and eliminate the cause of insufficient spermatozoa production, do not rush to get upset. Today it is possible to conceive a child today by artificial fertilization.

Asthenozoospermia

Sperm can be connected to large in size to the accumulation. This condition is called agglutination. If we consider the seed fluid under the microscope, it seems that spermatozoa is still or dead. Such pathology develops if blood enters the sperm. The human immune system recognizes the seed liquid as an irritant, and begins to actively generate antibodies. The thing is that all cells male organismIn addition to spermatozoa, have a double chromosome set.

Antibodies act on sperm extremely negative - "livestock" begin to stick together, immobilized, and die very quickly. Blood can also go to cumsion after the injury of genital organs or with development dangerous pathologies urogenital system.

There are situations where living, but fixed spermatozoa are found in sperm. Such a violation is called asthenozoospermia. Pathology develops due to violations in the work immune system Or with strong poisoning of the body. Sperm may lose activity due to high body temperature.

Uncrossment is a condition in which the patient's seed fluid is the most spermatozoa dead. The reasons for the development of such pathology may be several:

• inflammatory processes in the testicles;
• prostatitis in acute or chronic form;
• venereal diseases;
• moved in childhood pig.

If the doctors have discovered a reduction in the viability of sperms, the patient must necessarily undergo a course of treatment. In some cases medical therapy Enough.

Azoospermia

If after laboratory Analysis Sperm, doctors found out that in seed sperm fluid very little or they are completely absent, the patient is diagnosed with Azoospermia. This violation is dangerous by the fact that it does not exhibit in any way. Sex life The man remains the same, but all attempts to conceive a child are unsuccessful.

Can only identify pathology after laboratory research sperm. There are several main reasons for the development of azoospermism among representatives of a strong sex, namely:

• Congenital violation of the structure of the tubules.
• Pathological changes in the work of the endocrine system.
• Insufficient development of male sex hormone testosterone.
• Inflammatory or infectious diseases The organs of the sexual system occurring in severe form.
• Radiation irradiation.
• Dangerous mechanical injury of genital organs, unsuccessful surgical operation.

To start an effective struggle in azoospermia, be sure to visit Andrologist. The specialist will help determine the exact cause of the development of pathology, and will select the optimal course of therapy.

Keep in mind that the patient will have to go diagnostic examination. Most often, methods are used to identify dangerous pathologies:

• blood test for testosterone;
• spermogram;
• laboratory test of blood for venereal diseases;
• palpation of prostate zone;
• biopsy of the testicles (applied if there is a suspicion of oncology).

If none of the diagnostic methods helped to find out the reason for the reduction in the number of spermatozoa in the seed fluid, you may need to re-pass tests.

Treatment

To conceive a healthy child natural way, A man must take care of his health. Increase the concentration of spermatozoa in the seed fluid can be in several ways, but it is better to use complex therapy.

• Regularly take special vitamin complexes For male health.
• Enrich your diet useful productscontaining protein. On your table, there must often be dishes from chicken, pork, sea fish, chicken eggs, legumes. Also, celery, fresh greens and vegetables are also used to generate sperms.
• Drink as little coffee as possible. From harmful habits, such as alcohol and smoking, will also have to abandon.
• Try to get enough sleep well, avoid stress and emotional overload.
• Do regular charging, do in any sport or just sign up into the gym.
• Wear only convenient without tight underwear.

To increase the concentration of spermatozoa and a successful conception, you should have sex every 3 days. This time is quite enough to generate a large number of sperm.

Consultation of Andrologist on the results of 2 spermograms

Price 3000 rubles

Cumogram for WHO 2010 standards (Kruger)

Price 2100 rubles

Address: Moscow, 2nd Kozhukhovsky passage, d. 12 p.14
Station MCC ZIL, Metro Avtozavodskaya.

Life time

a brief description of: the fading of the ejaculate contributes to the further promotion of spermatozoa. Initial viscous consistency allows sperm better adapting in the vaginal environment.

Norm: Locution occurs within 30 - 60 minutes after the analysis of the analysis (at a temperature of 20 to 37 degrees).

Comment on the result:the slow dilution of the seed fluid can be a consequence of inflammatory processes in the body, dehydration and even problems with the prostate. For more information about the sperm collapse.

Appearance and ejaculate color

A brief description of:the criterion is used to pre-evaluate the sample, compared with the norms.

Norm:translucent is a gray-colored liquid.

Comment on the result:with low sperm content, the liquid becomes muddy. Red - brown color Indicates the content of erythrocytes in the sample (hemospermia), injuries and tumors. Yellow Appears with jaundice or reception of some groups of vitamins. A greenish tint appears when in a sample of pus particles (PIOSPERMIA). This may be a sign of urological inflammatory processes of chronic form.

The volume of ejaculate

A brief description of:this parameter displays the activity of the hard secretion gland.

Norm:for analysis, at least 1.5 ml is needed, the indicator in 2 ml is considered normal.

Comment on the result:the insufficient ejaculate volume may be a consequence of the blockage of seed ducts or congenital pathology (if there were no disorders in the sample fence). A large amount of sperm is observed with active exudation (release of liquid from tissues) with inflammation of additional secretions.

Smell

A brief description of:the intensity depends on the presence of a sinter, the smell may vary when drinking alcohol, smoking and products with a specific aroma (onions, garlic).

Norm: Specific, similar to the smell of chestnut flowers.

Comment on the result: The smell changes may be a consequence of diseases of the genitourinary system, urogenital infections. Lack of smell - sign of insufficient secretion prostatic gland.

Concentration and total spermatozoa

A brief description of: The concentration is determined by the number of sperm per unit volume. The total number is calculated, based on the volume of the sample under study.

Norm:concentration of 15 million / 1 ml, total number - 39 million

Comment on the result: The low number of viable sperms can talk about the development of such pathologies as cryptozoospermia (friend. Name oligozoospermia) (critical content) or azoospermia (complete absence).

Live spermatozoa

A brief description of: Estimated integrity membrane cell. This is especially important with a progressive mobility rate of less than 40%. A test is performed by staining the sample (non-visual cells pass the paint through the membrane).

Norm:the percentage of dead spermatozoa should not exceed the percentage of viable.

Comment on the result: A large percentage of living, but fixed spermatozoa indicates possible defects of flavors. Necrospermia is placed with a high content of non-living and fixed sperm.

Mobility spermatozoa

A brief description of: Allows you to assess the percentage of sperm with progressive and non-peculiar movement, as well as completely fixed.

Norm:

Progressive and mobile and unpressive-movable (together) - from 38 to 42%.

Fixed - 0.

Comment on the result:at least 200 living spermatozoa, which have the right morphological structure. The correctness of the calculations depends on the qualifications and experience of the simptologist. In case of insufficient mobility of spermatozoa in conclusion, asthenozoospermia may indicate, with complete immobility - akinospermia.

Morphology Spermatozoov

A brief description of: The ratio of normal and pathologically modified sex cells is calculated.

Norm: From 4% of the total.

Comment on the result: The identification of morphologically modified spermatozoa in the presence of viable and normal ranging from 4 to 14% can reduce the chances of conception. With indicators from 0 to 3%, the diagnosis of teratozoospermia is usually made, in which fertilization is almost impossible.

The level of acidity pH

A brief description of: The balance is studied between alkaline environment The glands of additional secretion and the acid - secret of the prostate gland.

Norm: pH 7.2 and below.

Comment on the result: pH< 7,0 при недостаточном объеме эякулята и количестве сперматозоидов может указывать на обструкцию семенного канала или врожденные патологии (vas deferens или непроходимость семявыносящих путей). Повышенная кислотность - признак воспалительного процесса репродуктивной системы.

Aggregation spermatozoa

A brief description of:the accumulated immobile sperms and movable with other cells (mucus, epithelium, immature sex) are calculated.

Norm:no minor quantity detected or detected.

This article will help you understand and decipher any spermogram. You will learn the story of the occurrence of the sperm analysis, read in detail about the ways to give sperm and the stages of its surveys. Standard cumogram takes into account the physical parameters: the volume of sperm, its color, viscosity, pH; and microscopic parameters: the number and mobility of spermatozoa, the content of other cells, etc. On the basis of the data obtained, it is possible to make an assumption of men's infertility, disease reproductive organs, possible infections. Spermogram, as a rule, is recommended when preparing spouses to the ECO program. In the treatment of men's infertility, the spermogram is one of the first and most informative analyzes appointed by the Andrologist.

How to get sperm for analysis

Masturbation is considered the ideal method of obtaining sperm to analyze a spermogram. It is this method that is recommended by the World Health Organization. Sperm collection into the condom is not used due to the destructive effect of lubricants on the spermatozoa. The interrupted Koitus is also not recommended: cells of vaginal origin can enter the sample sample, or a partner microflora. It is possible to use stimulating drugs, such as "Viagra", etc. In the absence of spermatozoa in the ejaculate (this condition is called "azoospermia") surgical methods Preparation of sperm.

It is best to serve cum in the clinic, it will allow specialists to start the analysis immediately after the ejaculate is lost. Material collection is allowed and at home, if the patient can provide the delivery of the material to the laboratory for 1 hour. In the clinic, the mother highlighted a special room for obtaining sperm, its interior is far from the "hospital" - this ensures the psychological comfort of the patient. Those who wish to bring ejaculate from the house give a special transport container for sperm.

Before passing sperm for analysis, the patient recommends sexual abstinence for 3-5 days. It is recognized that a smaller abstinence period can lead to an understated volume of sperm and the amount of spermatozoa, greater - to a decrease in mobility and an increase in abnormal spermatozoa. However, the specified dependence is not always clearly traced.

How to analyze the ejaculate

Ejaculate's dilution time is the first parameter studied. Monster cum, as a rule, is a coagulation, that is, is not completely liquid. After some time, the ejaculate becomes liquid under the action of the prostate gland enzymes contained in the seed fluid. The discharge is determined by changing the viscosity of sperm. For this, the ejaculate, scored in a pipette, is released from a height of 2 to 15 cm. The viscosity is measured along the length of the "thread" stretching behind the released drop. Cum is considered discharged if the "thread" does not exceed 2 cm. Normal sperm is diluted after 10-40 minutes (in some laboratories, the discharge for one hour is considered normal). If the discharge is delayed or does not occur at all - this may indicate violations in the work of the prostate gland.

Locution can affect the fertilizing ability of spermatozoa. Increased viscosity indicates possible prostate gland dysfunctions and, it means, disorders in the biochemical composition of the seed fluid, which in some cases may cause male infertility.

An analysis of an indefereditioned sperm may result in errors in determining the concentration and mobility of sperm. Therefore, to determine other parameters of the ejaculate, specialists are waiting for a complete liquefaction, or special substances accelerating this process are added to sperm.

The volume of ejaculate is one of the most important characteristics of sperm. Together with the concentration of spermatozoa, this indicator gives an idea of total Looks, spewing with sexual intercourse. The volume is less than 1.5 ml can be considered as a cause of male infertility (oligospermia). It's not just that there is little spermatozoa in a small ejaculate. Even if their concentration is large and the total amount is much higher than the necessary 40 million, all the equal to the threat for normal conception exist.

When eruption in the vagina, the spermatozoa is provided in aggressive conditions. The acidic medium of the vagina is detrimental for spermatozoa and most of them die for 2-3 hours. During this time, the most mobile and "healthy" sperm must have time to penetrate the uterus, where the conditions for their life are favorable (spermatozoa can remain movable in the uterus and phallopy pipes more than a day). Seed fluid (or seed plasma) for a while larsing the vagina medium, making it less acidic, and allows active spermatozoa to go into the uterus. It is believed that the small amount of seed fluid "does not cope" with this task: the smaller the seed fluid, the smallest time it can restrain the acidity of the vagina.

In addition, the seed plasma of the man locally suppresses the immunity of a woman (because for the immune system of a woman spermatozoa - that alien objects). In the pathological course of this process, the so-called cervical factor of infertility arises. And from this point of view, the volume also plays a significant role.

However, too much sperm does not give a man's advantages. As a rule, no more than 5 ml of ejaculate is placed in the vagina, the excess millilitres flow and do not participate in conception.

In view of the importance of determining the volume of sperm, the patient must collect in the container if possible all the ejaculate for the spermogram. In case of loss of the ejaculate, intended for analysis, it is necessary to inform the clinic specialist about this. It should be borne in mind that the first part of the ejaculate is the most rich in spermatozoa.

Unfortunately, in some cases, ejaculation is absent at all, despite the feelings of orgasm. This may indicate the so-called "retrograde ejaculation" (ejaculation in bladder). In such cases, it makes sense to study the urine after orgasm - there is no spermatozoa in it. In the presence of urea, spermatozoa is quickly dying and destroyed, so in this case required special approaches. Specialists of our clinic will instruct you in detail about the receipt of the Poshorgazmenny urine and will fulfill its analysis quickly and efficiently.

Currently, the color, like the smell of ejaculate, does not carry an important diagnostic valueAnd the World Health Organization does not recommend fixing this parameter in a standard spermogram. Nevertheless, most laboratories, while maintaining the tradition, write the color of the seed fluid. Most men sperm "white-gray-gray" color. Numerous shades: milky white, yellowish, transparent cannot clearly indicate any violations. The exception is only the ejaculate of the "pinkish" color, indicating the hemospermia - the increased content of erythrocytes in sperm.

The hydrogen indicator (pH), or, simply speaking, the acidity of the ejaculate, often can be an important tip in determining the violations of the reproductive and sexual function. Normal ejaculate has a weakly alkaline medium reaction (pH 7.2-8.0). Changing this indicator in one direction or another from the norm, if there are no other deviations, cannot indicate any violations. But in combination with other signs, affects the diagnosis. For example, an increased pH with an elevated content of rounded cells and injecting sperm will strengthen the opinion of a specialist about a possible violation of the prostate gland of infectious nature; The reduced pH for azoospermia will give hope for its obstructive nature (there is spermatozoa, but the seed-winning ducts are clogged), etc.

Nevertheless, the basic properties of sperm can be found only considering it in a microscope. The amount of spermatozoa is the first thing that specialists are determined during microscopic examination. Special fixtures are used to count spermatozoa - counting cameras. Typically, the amount is expressed in the form of a concentration (so much millions per milliliter). In the normal ejaculate of sperm at least 15 million in millilitress. The amount of spermatozoa depends on many factors. But in the clinic of Mom, you can get a pregnancy with a hard man's factor - from single spermatozoa.

Norms for spermogram

The mobility of sperm is important at least their quantity, because it is the tar in the set of spermatozoa, if they do not move. In accordance with the new regulations of the World Health Organization (2010), it is customary to divide the spermatozoa for 3 categories of mobility: progressive-movable (PR), unpressive-movable (NP) and fixed (IM).

The PR category (according to the old classification of category A + B) includes spermatozoa with rapid progressive (not less than half of own length per second - 0, 025 mm / s) or with slow, but still straight movement. In the category Np (Category C) include spermatozoa, which are moving indirecturally (and those that barely move on site, and those whose circular trajectory). Finally, the category IM (category D) is completely fixed spermatozoa.

In the ejaculate, there are usually all the categories of mobility, although not always. It is often quite a lot of fixed spermatozoa category IM (from 40 to 60 percent). As a rule, these are dead or dying "from old age" spermatozoa. Therefore, the less abstinence before ejaculation, the less fixed spermatozoa in the ejaculate. Also, there are usually a lot of fast straight spermatozoa category PRs - these are healthy, "young" spermatozoa, recently formed in the testicles. Nep-free-moving spermatozoa category NP is usually 10-15 percent, it is usually spermatozoa with violations of the structure of cervix and burning either "aging".

In the normal fertile sperm of progressive-movable spermatozoa (PR or A + B) should be at least 32 percent. There are many factors on the mobility of spermatozoa. In particular, the temperature: at a body temperature (about +37 ° C), the speed of movement is maximum, at room temperature it decreases, and at a temperature of less than +10 ° C, the sperm is almost not moving. Therefore, in a number of laboratories, including a mother's clinic, a microscope for sperm analysis is equipped with a special heated "thermostol", adjusted by +37 ° C.

There are methods that allow you to find out how much spermatozoa among fixed is alive. To do this, cum tinted with eosin. This red substance cannot penetrate the cerematozoa shell, but the shell of the deceased spermatozoa is quickly destroyed, and it is painted red. This method makes sense to apply under akinospermia (complete immobility of spermatozoa) to find out whether this immobility is associated with disorders of the flavor apparatus or with death. In accordance with this, you can develop a plan for infertility treatment.

The man who had seen sperm under the microscope for the first time, is usually stunned by a multitude of "ugly", "curves" of spermatozoa. Here are headless, and twin, and with a curve head. But it is not necessary to scare. Special research It was shown that men whose sperm contains up to 96 percent of pathological sperms, may have healthy children in the treatment of Eco and sperm selection by Max methods.

Of the ten in the field of vision of sperm only two normal. (Fig. From WHO Laboratory Manual for the Examination and Proceeding of Human Sperm, 5th Edition, 2010).

The proportion of abnormal spermatozoa is determined by two methods. The first is the study of the morphology of sperm in a native ejaculate, that is, cum, as it is (native), is considered under the microscope. At the same time they try to count how much spermatozoa from every 100 is anomalous. This method is very inaccurate, since, firstly, not all pathologies can be seen without special processing of sperm, and secondly, spermatozoa moves and with difficulty can be a detailed viewing. Therefore, in the clinic of the mother in the "mandatory package" of the research of the ejaculate, an analysis of the painted sperm smear on the kruger is included. To do this, the sperm drop is smeared along the subject glass, dried in the air flow, treated with alcohol, dried again, immersed in several different dyes, wash away from excess paint and dried again. After such processing, the spermatozoa is glued to the glass, immobilized and painted. They can easily consider and calculate, the disorders invisible at the first method can be detected (for example, the lack of acrosoma).

Not only the share of abnormal sperm (it should be less than 96 percent in the painted smear), but also the average number of pathologies per spermatozoa (the so-called sperm, SDI) and the average number of pathologies for one abnormal spermatozoa (the so-called Teratozoospermia index, TZI). When the TZI is exceeded, the value of 1.6 sperm is considered anomalous, and when the SDI is exceeded, the values \u200b\u200bof 1.6 may occur even with artificial fertilization and patients need eco + Ixi techniques.

Spermagglutination (gluing spermatozoa) is a signal of formidable immune disorders, which, unfortunately, do not always pay due attention. It is often incorrect that agglutination does not allow spermatozoa to move freely and achieve an egg. This is not true. In itself, gluing usually affects a small part of the spermatozoa, and does not interfere with the movement of the majority, but the presence of agglutination may indicate the presence of antispermal antibodies in the ejaculate, which may cause infertility.

Antispermal antibodies (ACA, or AsaT) are an organism antibodies against sperm. Connecting with the flagella, the Asa suppress the movement of the spermatozoa. Adhesive to the head, prevent fertilization. ACA can be formed both in the body of men and in the body of a woman, causing infertility. For the diagnosis of ASA in sperm, various methods are used, the most common among which is MAR-test (Mixed Immunoglobuline Reaction - "Immunoglobulin Reaction with Mixing").

In addition to spermatozoa in ejaculate there are so-called rounded cells. Under this collective name, leukocytes and immature spermatogenesis cells are meant, that is, cells from which mature spermatozooids are formed in the testicles. Normally, the concentration of leukocytes should not exceed 1 million / ml. It is believed that the large concentration of these immune cells may indicate inflammatory processes In the apparent germ (prostate or seed vesicles). Without special staining, the leukocytes from immature cells of spermatogenesis is difficult, so WHO recommends resorting to staining if the overall concentration of all rounded cells exceeds 5 million / ml.

What terms are used to describe sperm disorders?

To describe sperm disorders, there are various terms. Here there is a rule: the definitions ending with the "-Sermia" refer to the characteristics of the ejaculate, and ending with "-soospermia" to spermatozoa. In accordance with the recommendations of the World Health Organization, the following nomenclature is used:

• azoospermia - the absence of sperm in ejaculate;
• acinderospermia - complete immobility of spermatozoa;
• asthenozoospermia - Insufficient mobility of spermatozoa (PR< 32 процентов);
• hemospermia - the presence of red blood cells in ejaculate;
• cryptozoospermia - single spermatozoa can be found only after centrifuging sperm and a detailed study of the sediment;
• leukocyteospermia - increased the content of leukocytes (more than 1 million / ml);
• non-Simpermia - living spermatozoids less than 58 percent;
• normozoocompermia - all the characteristics associated with sperm fertility are normal, but at the same time the deviations that do not affect the infertility (increased rounded cell content, anomalous pH, anomalous viscosity or non-promisculation of ejaculate);
• nommospermia - all the characteristics of the ejaculate is normal, normal sperm;
• oligozoospermia is an insufficient amount of spermatozoa (concentration of less than 15 million / ml or total in ejaculate less than 39 million).
• oligospermia is an insufficient ejaculate volume (less than 1.5 ml);
• teratozoospermia - increased the content of abnormal spermatozoa (more than 96% in the study of the painted sperm smear).

In cases where there are several violations at once, complex definitions are used, for example, "oligo-butcheutozoospermia" (OAT).

All changes

When the patient meets the results of the spermogram, he must know the following. All to the uniform characteristic of sperm are varying over time. If the volume of sperm at the analysis was 3 ml, then at the next ejaculation, it can have completely different values, also other values \u200b\u200bit will have a month later, even more than six months. The same principle concerns other parameters. The WHO Guide provides the results of an interesting study. A graph of the concentration of sperm of a man, who for two years twice a week did a spermogram. The concentration values \u200b\u200branged from 120 million / ml (excellent sperm) to 15 million / ml (oligozoospermia). That is why in Reproductology it is generally recognized that for objective analysis it is necessary to investigate cum at least twice with an interval of at least two weeks, and in the case of significant differences in parameters - several times.

In addition, the patient must represent that even the most accurate data has its own error area. For example, the use of the hot chamber (accurate instrument to determine the number of cells) makes an error of 5 percent. Inesl in the results is the value of a concentration of 20.3 million / ml, this means that the concentration is ranging from 19 to 21 million / ml. If a concentration of 136, 5 million / ml is specified, then it must be perceived as an interval of 129.7-143.3 million / ml.

All norms are relative and conditional. It is impossible to say that the sperm of 1.6 ml "still normal", and 1.4 ml - "already bad". These values \u200b\u200bare approximately equal in the sense of fertilizing ability. Some samples with "deviations" may have much more chances for the outcome of conception than a different formally "normal" sperm. For example, 1.4 ml ejaculate, with a concentration of spermatozoa 180 million / ml, good mobility (70 percent) and low content anomalous forms (22 percent) can formally be attributed to pathological state oligospermia. At the same time, a formally "normal" creamp with a volume of 1.5 ml, a concentration of 16 million / ml, a mobility of 35 percent, and three quarters of anomalous spermatozoa, although the chances of conception with such ejaculate are small. Therefore, only a specialist can competently estimate the state of the ejaculate.

If you plan to undergo a survey and treatment with andrologist, make a spermogram in the clinic Mom, sign up for reception or analysis. Make it you can approximately a week before the alleged visit.

Take the first step - sign up for appointment!

To conceive a woman with eco, only high-quality sperm is used. For this reason, the man passes the appropriate analyzes that determine its ability to conceive. If the norms of the spermogram are met, the chances of a successful compound of sperm with eggs increase, artificial insemination held.

Basic information

In each case, the sperm analysis rate is based on the quality of seed fluid, leukocytes and erythrocytes. Any violations may indicate the presence of an inflammatory process, which in obligatory Cold.

An important condition is a normal sperm proves the absence of erythrocytes in seed fluid. If a deviation is noted, a significant threat is still missing and fertilization can occur. The presence of erythrocytes indicates the subsequent injury, the presence of stones in the prostate gland, oncology.

The normal result of the analysis of the spermogram further estimates leukocytes. Increased indicators indicate inflammatory processes in urinary organs (most often we are talking about the prostate gland, testicles and their appendages).

If in the seed fluid is overly a large number of leukocytes and erythrocytes, you can suspect inflammation of seminal bubbles.

The perfect cum is almost never observed, so individually the doctor conducts research and determines its diagnosis. Specialist remembers: the spermogram is normal to be a certain composition and with the necessary amounts, characteristics of leukocytes, red blood cells. In most cases, if the indicators of the spermogram are not credited, the man is treated before the further stages of Eco.

Dangerous signs

AT lately About serious violations with intimate health men testifies blood in sperm. If such a deviation did not affect the remaining parameters and still managed to get normal for fertilization, additional treatment is required.

The presence of blood in sperm may indicate the following problems:

1. chronic kidney inflammation;
2. problems with bladder;
3. diseases of urinary tract.

Experts note that men under 40 years have a periodic character, but the consultation of the urologist - Andrologist becomes mandatory. Of particular alertness is recommended if the blood managed to detect three or more times.

Knowing that it is best to prepare for a potential continuation diagnostic events. Only after full examination The final opinion is drawn up regarding the possibility of fertilizing a man.

Only good result The spermogram increases the chances of the occurrence of pregnancy, because artificial fertilization is carried out using strong spermatozoa and good egg cells.

Analysis data

The doctor after the procedure performed assesses the resulting cum that must be approached under normal indicators Spermogram.

What does the result of the spermogram look like? The ability of a guy to fertilizing a girl depends on the quality of seed fluid, red blood cells, spermatozoa. in the laboratory. The analysis includes a microscopic study of ejaculate, spermatozoa. After diagnostic measures, a document is submitted to all the results, which are individually decided.

What should be the analysis of the spermogram:

• the volume of ejaculate is one of the most important characteristics of sperm, as 2 milliliters and less considered a potential sign of infertility;
• the dilution time depends on the viscosity of the seed fluid (the optimal duration is about 10 to 40 minutes);
• color is interpreted indefinitely, so it does not attach an important diagnostic role;
• acidness - 7.2 - 8.0 (the increase indicates inflammation of the prostate gland, seed bubbles, a decrease - about the blockage of withdrawal ducts);
• number of spermatozoa: one milliliter - 20 - 60 million;
• mobility is one of the key characteristics (50% of movable sperm);
• the glued spermatozoids are undesirable, since otherwise the spermogram standards cease to play for the previous role, and the risk of infertility increases;
• the presence of antispermal antibodies indicates the development of antibodies against spermatozoa and the impossibility of fertilization of the egg;
• ejaculate composition: spermatogenic epithelial cells, lecithine drops and the minimum number of leukocytes;
• anomalous spermatozoa no more than 50%.

Only, if the spermogram is fixed by the norms, a man can become a father.

Each family couple, dreaming of a child, should know: Normokinesis is a diagnostic assessment of the number of moving sperm. If a minimum percentage is recorded (for example, 2%), the guy is mandatory by the treatment prescribed to it.

Factors for reliable diagnostics

When conducting an eco, the true characteristics of sperm and the results of the survey of the girl play an important role. In order for the parameters when passing the sperm to be reliable, the patient should comply with the recommendations of the doctor.

The great value of the indicators provides for responsibility during the study.

The procedure is carried out according to a specific scheme:

• ejaculate must be collected in a special plastic test tube for further transportation to the laboratory;
• to maintain truthful characteristics, it is necessary to maintain the appropriate temperature.

The doctor provides a special reminder with advice, which is desirable to observe within a few days before surrendering sperm for analysis:

1. abstinence from intimate contacts and masturbation for three days;
2. rejection of alcohol abuse that reduces the quality of spermatozoa;
3. the exclusion of visits to the baths and saunas, negatively affecting the ability to conceive.

If we neglect the tips, there is a serious risk of changing the quality of sperm and receiving unreliable information that will not help in successful holding artificial fertilization.

Each guy should remember: an example of sperm indicators of other men is not important, since only the individual interpretation by a specialist allows you to understand the chances of becoming a dad.

After checking the norm of spermograms, the doctors determine the possibility of conducting Eco with the participation of a man. If necessary, additional surveys are performed. The success of extracorporeal fertilization depends on the quality of sperm.

Analysis of the spermogram, during which the number and the most important properties of sperm, is one of the main methods for diagnosing infertility in men. The bad results of the sperm can, among other things, to testify the presence of a man in the body of infections and inflammation. Therefore, each half-legged man is recommended to occupy periodically this analysis. The spermogram will show that it is not so with male sperm, but on the basis of the results of the analysis, the doctor will be able to appoint a suitable treatment.

The advantage of the sperm in front of the many other diagnostic methods It is that it gives maximum valuable information. In addition, the analysis is carried out simply, it is relatively inexpensive, and the result is available in a few days.

How does the spermogram analysis give up?

Before considering that the analysis of the male ejaculate shows, it is necessary to familiarize themselves with the main features and conditions for his passing. If the analysis is given in violation of the basic rules, it will cause distortion of data, as a result of which the doctor will not be able to objectively assess the results of the spermogram and assign good treatment.

So that the spermogram results were as reliable as possible, the man must fulfill the following requirements:

1. Refrain from masturbation and sex contacts within a few days before delivery of the spermogram (a specific period you can find out at the place of sending semen, as a rule, it is 3-5 days).
2. Do not drink alcoholic beverages and potent drugs (soothing agents, anabolics, sleeping pills, etc.) for the same 3-5 days.
3. Do not visit the baths and saunas, do not take a hot bath.

Cum can be taken to analyze several different ways. Masturbation is the most simple and widely used. Earlier in some clinics, the doctor could assign sperm collection into a condom. However, currently this method is practically not used - due to the lubricant that the condom contains. Interrupted sexual act is also not suitable for sperm fence - vaginal cells and other representatives of the microflora women can enter the material, which will distort the results of the spermogram.

Recommended the ejaculate on the analysis is recommended in the laboratory, because At home, it is often unable to comply with the requirements of sterility and other important conditions. Due to such violations, the results of the spermogram may distort it that complicates the work of the doctor at the stage of analyzing the results and the preparation of treatment.

In order for the analysis of the spermogram to give the most accurate results, it is recommended to pass it several times and if possible in different laboratories. Best places To give this analysis, your attending physician will recommend.

Normal and deviation

The results of the sperm make it possible to detect a number of deviations that may indicate availability various diseases. Evaluate the analysis results should a doctor. You can get acquainted with the norms of spermological indicators approved by the World Health Organization, in the following table: Fig. one.

With this table you can independently deal with the analyzes to the visit to the doctor. However, take any actions aimed at improving the sperm, without prior consultation with the doctor prohibited. The analysis is estimated comprehensively, and a qualified doctor can correctly interpret it.

What disorders allows you to detect a spermogram?

With the help of spermogram, the following diseases and deviations are diagnosed:

• oligospermia - too small volume ejaculate;
• asthenozoospermia - reduced mobility of spermatozoa;
• olioHosospermia - low spermatozoa concentration;
• acinderospermia - absolute immobility of spermatozoa;
• non-Simpermia - the complete absence of living spermatozoa;
• teratozoospermia is an excessive concentration of abnormal spermatozoa;
• hemospermia - Erythrocytes in sperm;
• leukocyteospermia - increased concentration of leukocytes in ejaculate;
• azoospermia - ejaculate without spermatozoa.

Is this an analysis accurate?

Each patient, who planning to give sperm on the analysis, should know that all indicators can change over time. If, when analyzing, the volume of sperm was 4 ml, then with the following ejaculation, it may differ. This statement is true for other parameters.

A very interesting study was conducted, during which a man twice a week for 2 years passed sperm for analysis. Concentration of spermatozoa B. different periods From 120 million per 1 ml of ejaculate (excellent indicators) to 15 million / ml (sign of oligozoospermia). That is why to obtain the highest possible results of the analysis of the ejaculate, it is necessary to pass 2-3 times with an interval of 2 weeks.

In addition, the patient needs to be aware that even the most accurate and perfect studies have their errors. For example, in the hot chamber, which is the most accurate of the currently existing devices for determining the number of cells, the error is 5%. Thus, if the results of the analysis indicates a concentration equal to, for example, 20.3 million / ml, the real value is in the range of 19-21 million / ml. If the spermogram showed a concentration of 136.5 million / ml, it is in an even wider range - from 129.7 to 143.3 million spermatozoa in 1 ml of ejaculate.

It should be understood that all the rules are conditional and relative. It cannot be argued that the volume of ejaculate, equal to 2.1 ml, is still considered "normal", and 1.9 ml - "bad". With respect to fertilizing ability, these values \u200b\u200bare practically equal. In some samples with different "deviations", the probability of successful fertilization can be much more high than that of formally "normal" sperm. For example, if the volume of the ejaculate is 1.7 ml, the concentration of spermatozoa is equal to 170 million / ml, sperms with good mobility 70%, and anomalous - 23%, then formally such a ejaculate can be attributed to pathological. At the same time, the "normal" result will be considered in which the volume of the ejaculate will be 2 ml, and the concentration will be less than 30 million / ml. Therefore, only a qualified specialist can correctly appreciate the results of the spermogram, comprehensively approaching this task.

Life time

This is the first parameter studied. As a rule, ejaculate is not completely liquid. After some time, under the influence of prostate enzymes, which are contained in sperm, it is diluted. This parameter is determined by changing the viscosity of the ejaculate. Healthy is considered to be such a cum that is diluted in 10-40 minutes. Too long or completely missing discharge may indicate the presence of problems with the prostate.

The connection between infertility and the sperm loss time is missing. So the viscosity of the ejaculate does not have a direct relationship with the fertilizing ability of a man. However, too high viscosity, as a rule, indicates disorders of the prostate gland, which in certain situations can lead to infertility.

When analyzing an indefinite sperm, as a rule, errors appear in determining the concentration of spermatozoa and their mobility. Therefore, before proceeding to the study of other sperm parameters, you need to wait for its ignition. If necessary, special substances contributing to the ejaculate are added.

Sperm volume as a sperm characteristic

This value is one of the most important. In a complex with a concentration of sperm, the volume of the ejaculate indicates the total number of active and healthy spermatozoa allocated by a man in the completion of sexual intercourse. If the ejaculate is less than 2 ml, it may indicate the availability of oligospermia.

Finding into the vagina of a woman, spermatozoa is subjected to rather aggressive impact acid environment. Most of them dies within 2-4 hours. The most active spermatozoa during this time has time to penetrate the uterus with the conditions favorable to their lives. Sperm for some time larch the vaginal medium, reducing its acidity, which allows active spermatozoa to get to the uterus. It is believed that too small the volume of sperm does not cope with this task. It is assumed that the smaller the male seed fluid fall into the vagina, the smallest time the acidity of its environment will be accomplished.

In view of the importance of this indicator, the patient must try to collect all the cum into the container. In the event of a loss of more than 25% of the seed fluid, intended for analysis, a man must say about this to Dr.. It is important to take into account that in the first portion of sperm contains the greatest number Spermatozoa.

Some men may experience orgasm, but ejaculation will be absent; In such patients, as a rule, the analysis takes urine after orgasm.

What does the ejaculate color indicate?

When analyzing the spermogram, the color of the seed fluid was previously accounted for. This tradition stretched from the 19th century. In those days it was paid great importance. To date, the color of the ejaculate, as well as its smell, does not carry almost no diagnostic value. The World Health Organization recommends not to record this parameter in the standard spermogram.

It is necessary to alert only if the seed fluid is painted pinkish, reddish and other uncharacteristic shades.

Hydrogen indicator in spermogram

This value indicates the acidity of the ejaculate. In many situations, the hydrogen indicator allows specialists to judge the existing violations. reproductive function. Healthy seed fluid has a pH within 7.2-8.0. If a this indicator It differs from the norm, but there are no other deviations, it is concluded that there are no violations. However, in a complex with other signs, changes in the hydrogen indicator can be the basis for diagnosis.

Number of spermatozoa in ejaculate

Taking a spermogram into his hands, the doctors first turn their attention to the amount of spermatozoa. This characteristic is one of the most important. Calculation of the amount of spermatozoa is carried out using a variety of microscopic devices. The most accurate is the Noebaouer camera (Goryola's chamber). As a rule, the amount of spermatozoa is indicated in the form of a concentration, i.e. How many millions of sperms are contained in 1 ml of seed fluid.

Suspicions for the presence of diseases and deviations appear in cases where the concentration is less than 20 million / ml.

What does the mobility of spermatozoa evidence?

This indicator is closely related to the amount of spermatozoa in the ejaculate. Depending on the mobility of the spermatozoa, it is customary to divide into 4 categories:

• A - spermatozoa with straight rapid movement;
• In - spermatozoa with a straightforward slow motion;
• C - spermatozoa with indirectural movement;
• D - fixed spermatozoa.

In sperming of each man there are spermatozoa of all four categories. As a rule, in the ejaculate the most sperm categories are detected - usually these are dying or dead "from old age" cells. So the longer the man refrains from ejaculation, the more in his ejaculate there will be still spermatozoa. As a rule, in sperm there are many "young" and healthy spermatozoa category A. Representatives of the category in traditionally are "aging" or having disruptions of the structure of the flagella or neck spermatozoa.

In a healthy sperm in the amount there should be at least 50% of spermatozoa categories A and B, or the share of spermatozoa Category A should be more than 25%. Sperm mobility may vary under the influence of many factors, the most important of which is temperature. The maximum mobility is noted at a temperature of about 37 ° C. If the temperature decreases to 10 ° C and below, the spermatozoa is almost stopped moving.

There are a number of methods with which you can find out whether there are alive among fixed spermatozoa. For this, the ejaculate is tinted by Eosin. This substance is not able to penetrate the shell sperm. And the shells of the dead spermatozoa are quite quickly destroyed, as a result of which they take red color. This method is traditionally used in akinospermia - the complete absence of spermatozoa mobility. It allows you to determine, immobility with cell death or violations of their harness.

According to research on natural conception And healthy offspring can count on men, in the ejaculate of which there are no more than 85% of pathological spermatozoa.

Provided, of course, that all other indicators do not go beyond the norm.

Gluing sperm (spermagglutination)

The presence of such deviation indicates severe immune disorders. Spermagglutination often does not pay due attention, and absolutely in vain. In many cases, incorrect conclusions are made, according to which the gluing of spermatozoa does not allow them to move normally and reach the egg. This is not true. Bonding as such affects, as a rule, a minor part of sperm, and nothing prevents the movement of most of them. However, the presence of such deviation in some situations indicates the presence of antispermal antibodies in the seed fluid, due to which infertility can develop.

True spermagglutination requires a detailed study using special methods that would allow to distinguish it from sperm. The latter is a bonding of sperm, caused by non-immune disorders, and the mucus present in the composition of the ejaculate. Surveying has no connection with infertility.

The presence of antispermal antibodies

This is a rather severe deviation. When combined with flaming flashes, antibodies suppress their movement. Such a deviation can lead to infertility. The diagnosis of antispermal antibodies is performed using various methods, among which the so-called was the greatest distribution. MAR test.

Upon receipt of the "bad" spermogram, a man needs, first of all, not to be upset and not to panic. He must try to quietly wait for a visit to the doctor. The specialist will analyze the results and tell a man what to do next. It is very important to adhere to all these recommendations and take a course of treatment if it is assigned. Be healthy!