Laryngitis than you treat a child. If an attack occurs

What is it?

False croup is called inflammation of the mucous membranes in the larynx, which is accompanied by wheezing, a rough coughing or barking cough, difficulty breathing in and out. It is called false croup because, unlike true diphytric croup, it does not produce fibrin films, respiratory failure occurs due to swelling of the tissues and mucous membrane of the larynx and partly of the trachea.

Causes of False Croup

False croup is called a viral lesion of the upper respiratory tract. Usually it begins as a common SARS, but the infection quickly forms inflammation, swelling and increased production of mucus in the area of \u200b\u200bthe under-skin space, the area of \u200b\u200bthe vocal cords and the trachea. In most cases, false croup is stopped at home and does not give a difficult clinic, but about 10% of all cereals can be difficult and require treatment in a hospital, especially in young children. Therefore, in the case of even the initial symptoms, especially if the child is small and this is the first time, it is necessary to call a doctor or ambulance.

More often laryngitis   occur in children in one to three years, less often in children at an older age or children up to six months. There are practically no laryngitis in children up to six months and after four years.

Basically, stenosing laryngitis and laryngotracheitis occur with a viral infection - with influenza, parainfluenza, adenovirus infection and respiratory syncytial viruses, as well as mixed viral infections. In the vast majority of cases, the inflammatory process gives the parainfluenza virus, it gives severe inflammation in the trachea and larynx. This virus accounts for more than half of all cases. In addition, in the development of acute laryngitis, a rather large role is played by the microbial flora, which is activated by colds or joins as a secondary infection.

Why does croup occur?

To the development of laryngeal edema in children there are anatomical and physiological predisposing factors. This is a special structure of the larynx and trachea - in children the larynx is small in diameter, soft and pliable cartilage, it has a narrow and short vestibule, the shape of the larynx is in the form of a funnel, high vocal cords are located, they are disproportionately short in relation to the walls of the larynx.

In addition, children are characterized by hyper-excitability of the muscles that close the glottis, as well as functionally immature reflexogenic zones and pronounced sympathicotonia (the predominance of the tone of the sympathetic nerves).

In the area of \u200b\u200bthe mucous membrane and submucosal layer, an abundance of lymphatic tissue is detected, and in addition, it has a large number of mast cells that produce swelling, proximity of blood vessels and a weak development of elastic fibers in the larynx.

The influence of adverse external and internal factors, such as abnormalities in the constitution of the child (they were previously called diathesis), such as exudative-catarrhal and lymphatic-hypoplastic constitutions, is important. In addition, the presence of drug allergies, congenital narrowness of the airways, and obesity of the child play an important role. In addition, it is important whether there were birth injuries, cesarean delivery, post-vaccination period, and frequent previous colds.

When can a child get the disease?

Basically, children suffer from laryngitis in the offseason, when the air temperature changes and humidity fluctuates. Usually when it is cold, parents dress their children adequately, but when it is about zero on the street or changes from minus to plus, then there is a difficulty with clothes. Then the baby can get too cold, and if the sun warms, then the children want to take off their clothes.

False croup is a constant companion of acute respiratory infections, since viruses are most often active during heat.

Viruses, falling on the mucous membranes of the larynx and trachea, cause its acute inflammation - laryngitis occurs. Against the background of inflammation, an accumulation of mucus occurs, swelling occurs in the area of \u200b\u200bfiber, and reflex spasm of the glottis occurs. This leads to the formation of stenosis - narrowing of the lumen of the larynx, resulting in a sharp difficulty in breathing.

What does it look like?

Typically, croup appears suddenly, against the background of complete health or manifestations of mild respiratory diseases - a runny nose, cough. Usually, seizures occur usually in the evening or at night, mainly when the children are already sleeping. This is very scary for the baby and very upsetting for his parents. Of course, during the day the first signs of laryngitis can be noticed if you listen closely, but hoarseness can be barely perceptible, insignificant, not all parents pay attention to it. In the evening, the child becomes lethargic and tired, but usually parents do not associate this with the disease, but simply with an active day or a walk. But these are the first manifestations of a viral infection, developing edema.

In a dream, the baby begins tossing and turning, it becomes difficult for him to breathe, as swelling of the throat has begun, the baby is overcome by coughing attacks. With croup, a cough is very characteristic - it is a croaking, barking dry sound. The child breathes much more often than usual, taking on average up to fifty breaths per minute, with a norm of 25-30 breaths. Thus, the body is trying to make up for oxygen deficiency, the temperature may rise, but very quickly the cough becomes rougher if the baby does not wake up at this time and does not quickly receive help, it is likely that he will suffocate and lose consciousness.

The severity of acute laryngitis

Acute laryngitis occurs in four levels of severity. At stenosis of the first degree, compensated, signs of acute laryngitis are clinically manifested. Basically, they appear in a state of anxiety, with physical exertion, then there is an increase in noise and depth of breathing, and then shortness of breath appears on inspiration. At the same time, there are no signs of excess carbon dioxide in the blood, due to compensation and efforts, the body maintains the necessary gas composition of the blood at a sufficient level. On average, such stenosis lasts from one to two days.

Second degree stenosis   - subcompensated, with it there is an increase in all the symptoms of laryngitis. At the same time, stenotic breathing is characteristic, which is heard from a distance, it can be at rest. Shortness of breath on inspiration is already constant. At the same time, stenosis is compensated by increasing the work of the respiratory muscles five or more times. In this case, retraction of soft tissues in the area of \u200b\u200bthe chest at rest is noted, while with tension it intensifies.

At the same time, children are excited, they are worried and sleep is disturbed. The skin of the children is pale, there is a blue around the mouth, which intensifies with coughing attacks, and a heartbeat appears. Laryngeal stenosis of this degree can last up to 3-5 days, manifestations can be constant or appear seizures.

Stenosis of the third degree   - uncompensated. With it, there are signs of respiratory distress and circulatory failure, the work of the respiratory muscles is sharply enhanced, but it is not possible to compensate for the excess of carbon dioxide and lack of oxygen. External respiration and respiration of tissues will be disrupted, the process of tissue enrichment with oxygen and metabolism in them will be reduced.

With such stenosis, the general condition is very serious, expressed anxiety, fear, which are replaced by a inhibited or drowsy state. The voice drops sharply, hoarse, not a complete aphonia (no voice loss). The cough is rough and loud at first, but as the symptoms progress and the larynx narrows, it becomes very quiet and superficial. In this case, there is constant shortness of breath, already on inhalation and exhalation. Breathing is very noisy, frequent, soft tissues are abruptly drawn in the chest area.

In this case, special attention must be paid to the lowering of the sternum, it appears already in the second stage of stenosis. In the third case, it sharply increases, as stenosis increases, breathing becomes irregular, the depth and respiratory movements are uneven. At first, the arisen noisy and deep breathing changes to quiet and shallow, the signs of carbon accumulation are very pronounced. The doctor can first listen to gross noises of a conductive nature, and then breathing is evenly weakened.

Heart sounds are muffled, there is a heartbeat, a paradoxical pulse with the loss of pulse waves. Pressure may drop sharply.

Extreme stenosis   - asphyxiation. In this case, the condition is very serious, a deep coma may develop, convulsions are possible, and the temperature at the same time drops to normal or even extremely low. Breathing is very frequent, with periods of lack of breathing. The heartbeat slows down, and violations of the gas composition of the blood changes to critical numbers.

In addition, false croup is supplemented by the development of manifestations of toxicosis, the addition of complications. Parents need to know this to always be attentive to the first manifestations of laryngitis.

It is always necessary to call a doctor, even if laryngitis is not the first and it seems that it is not severe.

What to do with attacks?

First of all, you need to reassure the child and pull yourself together, with agitation, seizures intensify. At the first sign of an attack, it is necessary to provide access to fresh air, it is necessary to ventilate more often and longer.

Fresh cool air helps with laryngitis, saturating the blood with oxygen and reducing cough. It is necessary to give the baby a semi-sitting position, put a blanket or pillow under the head and shoulders. It is necessary to remove all tight and constraining clothing, unfasten the collars and untie the elastic bands. It is necessary to give the child a warm drink, since with cereal, fluid with breathing is greatly lost, juices, milk and other drinks can be given.

It is important to remember about inhalation therapy, inhalation is the basis for the treatment of false croup, air humidification is a prerequisite for treatment. You can use a humidifier or hang wet linen or towels on batteries, doors, or put containers of water.

Children over 2 years old can make mustard plasters on the calf muscles, which will redistribute blood to the legs and prevent swelling from intensifying. With fever, antipyretics are necessary in an age-related dosage, and if respiratory arrest occurs, it is necessary to induce vomiting by pressing a finger or a spoon on the root of the tongue. This reflexively excites the center of respiration, as it is located next to the vomiting center.

If the child is allergic or very small, it is necessary to give him an antihistamine, it will reduce swelling and improve the condition. Well, of course, all this must be done until the ambulance you called or the doctor arrives. Do not forget that seizures are prone to recurrence and recurrence, a repeated attack may be heavier than the first.

Hospitalization

Children under 2 years old with a first-time attack, or with a severe attack of croup, will be taken to the hospital to relieve edema and treat a viral infection. This is necessary because inhalation can be done at home, but only a doctor can intubate the trachea in case of severe edema. In the absence of adequate assistance with severe edema, the child may die.

In a hospital, a child is given inhalation therapy, hormonal and antihistamines are administered to him, and if necessary, antibiotics are prescribed in an age-related dose.

In serious condition, resuscitation and emergency measures are carried out up to tracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation. This will save the life of the child, and will give you peace of mind.

Laryngitis or inflammation of the larynx takes a leading place in the structure of childhood diseases. It occurs against a background of a viral infection, characterized by a narrowing of the airways and a cough. How to treat laryngitis in children is an important issue, since a correctly verified diagnosis and adequate antitussive therapy are the key to recovery.

Causes of the disease

The development of the disease is associated with age-related structural features of the respiratory tract in young children: a narrow lumen of the larynx and its specific form, loose tissues of the mucosa, weakness of the ligamentous apparatus. The main etiological risk factor is adenoviral and respiratory infections. When collecting an anamnesis, special attention is paid to a combination of factors, which include:

• region of residence and living conditions;
• heredity and the presence of allergic people in the family (allows you to suspect the allergic nature of the disease);
• gastroenterological diseases;
• anatomical structure of the respiratory organs;
• the presence of smokers in the family;
• damage to the larynx and overstrain of the vocal apparatus;
• reaction to household chemicals, furniture, paints and varnishes;
• tuberculosis.

A special risk group is represented by children with chronic pathologies of the nasopharynx and dental problems. Against the background of diseases, swelling of the mucosa develops and, as a result, nasal breathing is disturbed.

The mechanism of the development of the disease and symptoms

Cough is a protective reflex of the body aimed at restoring airway patency. The development mechanism is associated with irritation of the nerve endings in the bronchopulmonary system, larynx and trachea. Cold air, viruses, smells, nasal secretions and sputum are the main irritants of the receptors, which contract as bronchial spasm decreases, which causes coughing.

Symptoms of laryngitis in children are acute and have a sudden character.   The main sign indicating the onset of the disease is accompanied by hoarseness of the voice. In the period from two to four in the morning the intensity of attacks increases and may be accompanied by suffocation. Attention should be paid to the characteristic symptoms:

• pain while swallowing;
• redness of the throat mucosa and friability;
•   and a slight increase in body temperature;
• anxiety and moodiness;
• whistling sounds and noises in the lungs.

In the chronic course of the disease, the symptoms are less pronounced, but the child complains of pain and itching in the throat (one can also note his constant desire to clear his throat).

Forms of the disease

There are wet and dry coughs, and its productivity depends on the nature and phase of the inflammatory process. Unproductive (dry) cough indicates the initial stage of the disease and causes significant discomfort in the child. Violation of sputum evacuation due to its viscosity and weakness of the respiratory muscles.

How to treat laryngitis in emergency cases before a doctor arrives? Activities should be aimed at stopping inflammation and relieving bronchospasm, which, in turn, ensures airway patency and liquefaction of sputum. In addition to acute and chronic course, the following forms of the disease are distinguished:

1. Catarrhal is a common and harmless variety, which can include all of the above symptoms. It is a consequence of a viral infection and is completely stopped within 5-7 days.
2. The hypertrophic form is a complicated course of catarrhal laryngitis. It is characterized by hyperplasia of the throat mucosa, pain and enlargement of the submandibular lymph nodes. It requires long-term treatment and constant medical supervision.
3. Fibrinous laryngitis or diphtheria form occurs after infection of the tonsils with Löffler's bacillus. It is accompanied by stenosis of the larynx, fever, and in some cases suffocation.
4. Hemorrhagic laryngitis develops only if there is a history of risk factors, which include: diseases of the cardiovascular or hematopoietic system, liver and toxic form of influenza. Distinctive features are morning unproductive cough and sputum with streaks of blood.
5. When the upper parts of the trachea are involved in the inflammatory process, they diagnose subglottic laryngitis (false croup), which is accompanied by a typical barking cough, scratching and burning behind the sternum.
6. Phlegmonous laryngitis develops in the background after suffering serious illnesses. It is characterized by high body temperature, severe pain when swallowing. Due to the lack of proper treatment, the muscle layer of the larynx, ligaments and lymph nodes are involved in the process.

Worrying statistics! Every third baby is diagnosed with laryngitis and is usually a consequence of viral infections. In a special risk zone are children suffering from various forms of allergies.

Drug treatment of laryngitis in children

Diagnosis: laryngitis in children, its symptoms and appropriate treatment are established on the basis of an anamnesis taking into account the stage of the disease and the individual characteristics of the baby's body. The primary task is to stop the inflammation and eliminate risk factors - the correction of living conditions, the exclusion of contact of the child with chemical agents and smokers.

The use of drugs used in complex therapy requires a differentiated approach that takes into account clinical indicators. Drugs are divided into several main categories:

• Antitussive - shown when a cough violates the patient's condition. The mechanism of action of this group of drugs is to reduce the sensitivity of the receptors of the tracheobronchial tree and inhibition of the cough center. These include Tusidil, Robotussin, Bitiodin, Bronchophytum, Sinecode, Codelac. Medications have a number of contraindications, a short time is used.
• An alternative is herbal remedies, for example, plantain syrup (Herbion), Stoptussin - in most cases, pediatricians begin treatment with them. A gentle approach avoids side effects, and the beneficial properties of medicinal herbs provide a mild immunostimulating, antitussive and restorative effect.
• Expectorant and mucolytic drugs are used to thin the viscous bronchial secretion and transfer cough from unproductive (dry) to productive. A group of mucolytic agents is considered safe and highly effective, can be prescribed for a long period for the treatment of both acute and chronic conditions. The most effective drugs are Bromhexine, Ambrobene, Fluimucil, Alteika, Lazolvan.
• To stop the inflammation of the larynx and eliminate pain, sweets and tablets for resorption, irrigation are recommended - Faringosept, Ingalipt, Septolete.
• At elevated temperatures and nasal passages, antipyretic drugs Panadol, Efferalgan, Ibuprofen and vasoconstrictor drops are used. According to the indications, broad-spectrum antibacterial agents, antihistamines and hormones are prescribed.

In the acute form of laryngitis, in the event of shortness of breath, blueness of the nasolabial zone and high temperature, immediate hospitalization of the child is required.

Home treatment

Treatment of laryngitis in children at home is carried out only after examination and examination of the child by a pediatrician. Self-medication is unacceptable (leads to complications and a chronic course of the disease).

Treatment of the disease is a long process and the main task of parents is to thoroughly implement medical recommendations. The following measures are the key to a speedy recovery of a child:

• daily wet cleaning and regular airing;
• bed rest and the creation of a peaceful psychological environment;
• the exclusion of contact with smokers and potential allergens (dusty books, down pillows and blankets, pollen);
• the diet should be dietary and light, balanced in the composition of trace elements and fiber. Ready meals before serving must be attractively drawn up;
• drinking plenty of fluids (herbal decoctions, fruit drinks, milk, jelly, stewed fruit and just plain water) helps to liquefy sputum and remove decay products from the body.

Physiotherapeutic procedures

Treatment at home allows for effective physiotherapeutic procedures.   In urgent cases, dry heat is indicated on the neck and drug inhalation through a nebulizer. Time-tested mustard plasters and banks work perfectly, which are used only at normal body temperature.

A combined effect on the respiratory system is provided by steam inhalations, which are prescribed by the attending physician. The procedure is carried out between meals (the child should not be in an excited state).

How to do inhalation

Heat a pot or kettle of water that has been pre-mixed with herbal extracts or sea salt. Sit the child in his arms, open the dishes with liquid and let him calmly breathe over the steam for 5-7 minutes. For inhalation, decoctions of medicinal herbs are usually used: chamomile, calendula, sage. An alternative is essential oils of tea tree, mint, eucalyptus (3-5 drops per 1 liter of water). In case of an allergic mood of the body, herbs and oils are prohibited, they are replaced with baking soda and salt.

To avoid adenoviral infections and their complications, efforts should be directed to the prevention of diseases. Chronic foci of inflammation, such as bronchitis, caries, or stomatitis, must be stopped. The diet is supplemented with vitamin complexes. Walking in the fresh air, physical exercises and contribute to strengthening the body's immune forces, good mood and physical health!

Laryngitis in children can occur in various forms. Acute laryngitis is caused by infection of the child with viruses, bacteria, chronic develops due to frequent inflammation of the larynx, allergens cause products and substances allergic. The causes of laryngitis in children are different, it is sometimes difficult to trace what caused the attack.

But the most common are:

• Viral and bacterial factor. The mechanism of their penetration into the human body is to damage the nasopharynx. Viruses and bacteria accumulate in the larynx, cause a protective reaction of the body in the form of edema of the vocal cords.
• Allergens An allergic form of laryngitis can be caused by contact with dust, certain products, household chemicals, animal feed, as well as with animal hair and house mites.
• Reduced immunity. Acute, chronic laryngitis can manifest itself in the form of a complication after illnesses with scarlet fever, measles. Also, the cause may be constant physical overwork, frequent hypothermia.
• Congenital addiction. Some children have an inborn predisposition to diseases - lymphatic and hypoplastic diathesis. This pathology occurs in late pregnancies, when parents over 35 years old, or mothers who are not in a diet, abuse fats and carbohydrates, have an infection or gestosis. Then the child is recommended therapy aimed at stimulating the immune system, timely prevention of infection in the mouth, dental treatment.
• Emotional shock. The child’s nervous system is not yet ready for some events that may occur in life, so pathological conditions become a reaction. So mental trauma sometimes causes a reflex contraction of the vocal cords. Severe spasm subsequently provokes laryngitis.

Laryngitis is a very insidious disease. Affecting the body of the child, it causes pathological changes in the tissues of the larynx of varying degrees:

• Catarrhal is the mildest form of the disease, the symptoms of laryngitis in children are practically not noticeable. The attack of suffocation, the temperature is absent, only a slight cough, a tickle in the larynx bothers.
• Hypertrophic - now the cough is caused by specific "nodules" that have formed on the laryngeal folds. There is no cold, the temperature is normal. After a few days, the baby can cope with the symptoms on its own.
• Atrophic - this form develops on the basis of long-term ongoing chronic laryngitis. Characteristic features - a coughing fit often worries, the larynx mucosa becomes thinner, and the child for a long time loses the ability to speak. In childhood, it leads to dangerous consequences, because a baby who is deprived of the opportunity to communicate, develops inferiorly.

Acute

Acute laryngitis in children occurs completely unexpectedly. There are no preliminary symptoms, the baby is cheerful and full of health. The first sign of illness is, for no reason, the changed timbre of the voice. Acute laryngitis is often accompanied by low-grade fever, which can rise to around 39.

At night or early in the morning, the peculiar begins to bother the baby. The condition apparently worsens, breathing problems begin - a narrowing of the larynx occurs, breathing becomes superficial, ineffective. In the process of breathing, the clavicles, muscles of the abdomen and intercostal space are involved. It’s difficult for a baby to breathe, to speak. The skin around the lips becomes cyanotic. An attack of laryngitis can be repeated for 4 nights, but will end earlier if you quickly cure the respiratory disease that provoked it.

Chronic

Frequently recurring inflammation of the larynx, influenza and measles laryngitis lead to the development of a chronic form of the disease. Chronic laryngitis is often diagnosed by older children. Repeated inflammatory processes lead to pathologies of the tissues of the larynx. The secretion glands are rebuilt, the vessels expand, tissue hypertrophy occurs.

The main symptom of chronic processes is dysphonia, from a slight change in voice to obvious hoarseness and aphonia.

The child may feel discomfort in the larynx or trachea, slight tingling, but not pain. Difficulty with breathing does not occur. Wet cough, sputum go away by themselves. If chronic laryngitis is not cured, it will drag on for a long time.

Stenosing

Stenosing laryngitis in children is a more severe form of the disease. Inflammation progresses rapidly and can affect the respiratory system at a deeper level, causing bronchitis or tracheitis. Often is a concomitant complication of SARS, influenza,. The children's larynx has a very narrow lumen, which, in combination with an inflamed, swollen mucosa, cannot function normally. In addition, the breathing process is aggravated by reflex cramps.

The first sign indicating stenotic laryngitis in children is an attack of a “barking” cough, a hoarse voice, and a sore throat. A stenosing cough is especially acute for a baby at night. Depending on the degree of stenosis, the condition of the child is classified as follows:

• Compensation - the child becomes restless, his breathing is difficult, especially during physical exertion. However, the body copes easily, the temperature does not rise, oxygen tests are normal. The condition will last 1-2 days.
• Subcompensation - the symptoms are gaining strength, inhalation-exhalation is carried out using the clavicles and muscles of the torso. Constantly tormented by shortness of breath, near the lips the skin becomes cyanotic, which is significantly intensified by a paroxysmal cough. The temperature rises, tachycardia is observed. The condition lasts 3-5 days.
• Uncompensated stenosis - respiratory and circulatory functions are impaired, the child becomes inhibited and lethargic due to accumulated carbon dioxide and hypoxia. The cough subsides, but shortness of breath intensifies. The baby breathes noisily and often, in the process of breathing involves the muscles of the chest. You can see how the lower part of the sternum has sunk. Arrhythmia and low blood pressure are determined.
• Asphyxia is a dangerous condition that threatens the baby's life. The heartbeat slows down, breathing is absent, cramps appear, the child may fall into a coma. Blood contamination has reached a critical level.

Allergic

Allergic laryngitis in children begins with a reaction to an intolerable substance. An edema is formed, covering the entire larynx or a certain part of it. The voice wheezes, discomfort is felt when swallowing, at night the child has symptoms similar to the 4 stages of stenosis.

The first stage is not dangerous, if the treatment is prescribed correctly, the consequences are often avoided. As for the rest - here the prognosis depends on the timeliness and effectiveness of treatment. To cure allergic laryngitis in children, it is not enough to eliminate the symptoms of developing false croup, you must certainly eliminate the cause of the reaction - an allergen substance.

Features of the disease in babies up to a year

The body of young children weakly resists pathogens, the effects of dry, cold air polluted by dust. Laryngitis in children under one year old can be the result of hypothermia, infectious and viral diseases, and inflammation in the nasopharynx.
  Mucosal edema, a periodic attack of dry cough are all the first signs that determine the presence of laryngitis.

If an attack occurs

If at night a month-old or one-year-old baby has an attack, you can not wait until the morning! You should immediately call an ambulance, a suffocating child has nothing to do at home. First aid should also be provided immediately to ease the torment of the child.

• Do not panic and make the child nervous. Emotional shock, crying intensify spasm and narrowing of the larynx.
• A warm alkaline drink is useful for a baby; it relieves puffiness well. Borjomi or any alkaline water is suitable. You can make the solution yourself - 1 liter. boiled water + 1 tsp soda. To drink often and little by little - 10-15 minutes. 1-2 tablespoons of table or tea for a monthly baby. You can not drink stewed fruit, juices, coffee, milk is not recommended - all these are allergens, dangerous in case of allergic.
• It is recommended that the child make a steam bath. Take it to the bathroom, plug the drain hole and turn on hot water. A lot of steam forms in the room. You need to sit here for 5-10 minutes, then after half an hour repeat the procedure. The effect will be quick - from the second time the “barking cough” will be moistened, sputum will begin to pass away.
• Warm foot baths help well. Having steamed the legs a little, you need to wrap them, and again give the child a warm drink.
• If the room has dry air, you need to moisten it - wash the floor, hang wet towels, put a bowl of water.
• To prevent an allergic reaction, antihistamines are used - suprastin, as well as drugs that relieve spasm - no-spa, papaverine. Dosage is calculated taking into account age.
• You can use a nebulizer with - the best first aid for dry cough. You can make a mixture of saline and one of the drugs - lazolvan, pulmicort, berodual, ambrobene. Use such an inhalation no more than 2-3 times a day.
• If the temperature has risen above 38-39 it is better to give an antipyretic.

Laryngitis in children under one year old is much more complicated than in older children. The immune system of a month-old baby is not formed, the larynx is very narrow, and the mucous membrane is so loose that swelling caused by the disease can deprive the lungs of oxygen.

Signs of laryngitis in infants are progressing at an incredible rate.

Therefore, diseases such as laryngitis and tracheitis, in view of the possibility of asphyxiation, are considered deadly for a newborn and a month old baby. Having hardly noticed the slightest signs of a developing disease, parents are obliged to immediately call a doctor for help. So that the baby does not suffocate, it must be held upright and periodically watered.

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Effective treatment melodies

It is important that each reader of this article understands that the information on how to treat laryngitis in children is laid out here solely for the purpose of familiarization. Only a qualified physician has the right to diagnose and prescribe treatment.
  Therefore, if a child has a stenotic cough, a fever has risen or there is the slightest suspicion of the development of the disease, it is urgent to take the baby to the hospital. The doctor will examine the child, make a general blood test, determine the severity of the disease, and on the basis of this will prescribe an effective treatment.

1 degree of stenosis

  going on at home. Here you can create a baby a calm atmosphere of peace and security, which will save him from unnecessary nervousness. To relieve symptoms, you can make warm foot baths, put mustard plasters, a compress, use a warming ointment, but without a smell, so as not to cause an allergic reaction. For the same reason, it is not recommended to give milk, honey, jam, decoctions from herbs.

If the disease caused an infection, the doctor will prescribe antibiotics, with an allergic form - antihistamines. You will also need to find the source of the allergen and get rid of it.

Daily wet cleaning is required. The air in the room should be fresh, moist, devoid of traces of dust, the room should be regularly ventilated, preferably before bedtime.

2-3 degree of stenosis

Treatment of grade 2 and 3 of the stenosis of the disease takes place in a hospital, as the condition of the child can deteriorate sharply. Inspection of the child is carried out very carefully, not allowing yourself loud sounds, sudden movements. It is important that parents were nearby, holding the crumbs in their hands. So his nervous system is less stressed and a nervous cough does not appear.

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Usually hospitalization implies the obligatory taking of a general blood test, but it is better to carry out this procedure later, when the condition of the child is normalized. Treatment will include the use of inhalations, antipyretic, antibacterial and infusion therapy.

4 degree of stenosis

Treatment of the 4th most dangerous stage is carried out exclusively in the intensive care and resuscitation department.   If the rapid development of the disease leads to asphyxia, when the laryngeal fissure is completely blocked by edema, the doctor will put a tracheostomy. The procedure is very complicated: under the thyroid gland, bypassing the non-functioning glottis, an incision is made into which the breathing tube is inserted. As soon as the condition stabilizes, the tracheostomy is removed, and the baby will breathe freely through the nose.

Antibiotic use

  A doctor may prescribe antibiotics to treat complicated laryngitis. This decision is justified by the following factors:

• In the process of diagnosis, the bacterial nature of the disease was discovered;
• There is a danger of intoxication of the body - the child feels hot, shivering, he feels weak, there is no appetite;
• The doctor wants to play it safe with antibiotics to avoid complications.

The following antibacterial drugs are used:

1. Penicillins:   , Ecoclave suspension;
2. Cephalosporins:   syrups, Cefadox, Cefix, Fortum injection,;
3. Macrolides:   Clarithomycin, Ecomed, Zetamax Retard, Azitrox.

Bacterial laryngitis is very rare, more often its origin is due to viral diseases, which are useless to treat with antibiotics. Therefore, in the effective treatment of laryngitis, antibiotics are used only when this measure is really necessary.

In combination with antibacterial treatment, various probiotics are used to normalize the intestinal flora -, Lactobacterin, Probifor, Lactovit.

Inhalation

Inhalation with laryngitis in children is extremely effective and completely harmless.   An indispensable tool that can alleviate an attack with laryngitis is inhalation with a nebulizer. The principle of operation of the nebulizer inhaler is a very fine crushing and spraying of the drug solution.
  A solution is placed in the nebulizer, in which special medications for inhalation are included. The device sprays the solution into the smallest particles, they quickly penetrate into the depths of the respiratory system, without causing irritation and spasm.

If a child suffers from chronic diseases of the respiratory system, parents are simply obliged to acquire a nebulizer.

The inhaler greatly facilitates the treatment process, performing therapeutic procedures with it is easy, comfortable. It is only necessary to load the composition prescribed by the doctor into the nebulizer.

Still mineral water

You can add Borjomi or Narzan to the nebulizer, having previously released the gas. This inhalation is most effective in the morning. Mineralka relieves swelling, moisturizes the bronchi, eliminates reflex cough. Mineral water nebulizer can be used from the first days of life.

Pulmicort

Quickly affects the mucosa, has a softening, anti-inflammatory effect. diluted with saline, the suspension can be used within 30 minutes. The individual dosage is determined by the doctor. Pulmicort can be given to children from 6 months.


  Pulmicort is added only to the nebulizer, other types of inhalers are not suitable for this medicine. The best treatment is provided by using a mouthpiece or mask. Breathe calmly, evenly. The nebulizer delivers the substance to the larynx, where it is rapidly absorbed. After inhalation, you need to wash and rinse your mouth to prevent irritation.

Pulmicort has a long therapeutic effect - about 12 hours. Inhalation should be continued for 1-2 weeks.

This is a hormonal drug, therefore, in rare cases, it is fraught with side effects, noticing which should be immediately reported to the attending physician.
Pulmicort can cause allergic reactions in the form of a rash, a feeling of dry mouth, candidiasis in the nasopharynx, depressive states, nervousness can be observed from the nervous system. Before adding a pulmicort to a nebulizer, consult a pediatrician.

Berodual

  The active substances of the drug prevent bronchospasm by acting on their muscles, improve the expectorant effect, and positively affect the function of the respiratory system. Berodual is prescribed if the disease has already passed into the chronic stage. Berodual, pre-diluted with 3-4 ml of saline, is added to the nebulizer.

The dosage of the substance berodual is prescribed by the attending physician. Do not replace saline with distilled water, and also store the prepared mixture. Berodual gives side effects in the form of nervousness, changes in taste, discomfort in the mouth, dizziness, headaches. Having noticed signs of side effects, you need to inform your doctor.

Compresses

To alleviate a cough and provide a warming effect, you can use a compress, but first you should consult with Lor about the appropriateness of this action, and also check if there is a temperature. At elevated temperatures, this method cannot be used. The compress is placed on the chest, neck. A dry compress is used during the day, and a wet compress at night.

Wet compress

It is built using alcohol, oils, herbal tinctures, badger fat and nutria. The easiest option is a vodka or alcohol compress. Vodka is diluted 1: 1 with water, in a prepared solution, a bandage of cotton wool and gauze is moistened, squeezed, applied to the body. Next, the dressing must be covered with a layer of polyethylene, and on top, wrap the compress on top with a warm cloth. The main thing is not to tighten the bandage too tight so as not to squeeze the vessels. In this form, the compress is left overnight. In the morning, wipe this place with alcohol.

Dry compress

In the morning, removing the wet dressing, apply a dry compress. A similar cotton-gauze dressing is used, but already dry. Such a compress warms slightly, it is used in the first stage of the inflammatory process. The compress remains on the body for about 8 hours, then a 2-hour break and again a wet dressing is applied for the night. This method of therapy requires a long stay at home, you can not go outside.

Prevention

Prevention of laryngitis in children is to increase the protective functions of children's immunity. The best way to prevent respiratory and infectious diseases is. It is useful for the child to take a contrast shower, to be more often on the street, try not to talk, and even more so scream in the cold.

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A less developed immune system and a relatively narrow larynx in children lead to the fact that laryngitis is much more common in them and proceeds more rapidly than in adults.

Laryngitis in children - inflammation of the larynx. In this case, the vocal cords swell, the voice wheezes, hoarsens and can completely disappear.

In contact with

Spread

Children under 2 years are most susceptible to the disease - laryngitis is found in every third. At risk are children with allergic diseases, overweight and with an enlarged thymus gland. Chronic laryngitis is more often fixed in boys under 10 years old.

The greatest number of cases is observed among children living in dusty and gassed industrial areas, near major highways, intersections and industrial facilities.

The peak of diseases occurs in spring and autumn, as laryngitis often develops against the background of colds and flu.

The children's nasopharynx is not yet sufficiently developed to retain microorganisms from the outside. As a result, pathogenic microflora quickly penetrate lower. Microbial inflammation causes edema, which can lead to constriction of the airways. The younger the child, the more severe the disease can occur.

The study of laryngitis has a thousand-year history. The inflammation of the larynx was studied by Hippocrates (IV century BC), by Galen in the 1st century BC made the first description. The term "croup" was introduced into the terminology in 1765.

Until the mid-twentieth century, croup was considered a terrible disease, causing enormous child mortality.

Croup arising from diphtheria was called true, and with other infections - false. Now this separation is not relevant.

Causes of the disease

• Viruses (influenza, parainfluenza, adeno- and PC viruses) - cause the vast majority of cases of laryngitis (up to 90%);
• bacteria (staphilo, strepto-pneumococci, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) - rarely become causes of acute laryngitis, but their attachment to infection causes a severe and protracted disease;
• a loud, angry cry of children is one of the main causes of acute laryngitis;
• exposure to harmful substances - dusty, gas polluted air;
• allergic reactions - to dust, paints and varnishes, animal hair.

Symptoms of laryngitis in children

Acute course

Acute laryngitis in children   - arising suddenly and rapidly developing inflammation.

• Voice change - hoarseness, rudeness appears. There may be a complete loss of voice;
• cough at the beginning of the disease - dry, asphyxiating, then wet, with expectoration of sputum;
• runny nose;
• temperature increase (not always found) - possibly up to 40 ° C. In mild cases, the temperature may not rise;
• difficulty, rapid breathing - due to swelling of the larynx;
• sore, dry and sore throat.

Chronic course

Chronic laryngitis in children   - A long illness with periodic exacerbations.

• Hoarseness, voice change;
• coma, sore and dry throat;
• cough - various, from constant silent coughing to painful suffocating attacks.

With exacerbation - a rise in temperature, fatigue, headaches. With remission, the symptoms are mild, with exacerbation, they intensify.

Types and features in children

• Catarrhal laryngitis - easily treatable, most common;
• hypertrophic laryngitis - often found. It is characterized by mucosal hyperplasia;
• hemorrhagic laryngitis - a feature is hemorrhage in the larynx and ligament, streaks of blood in the sputum;
• diphtheria form - inflammation from the tonsils passes into the larynx;
• phlegm laryngitis - a severe but rarely found form, characterized by inflammation of the muscle and submucosal layers of the larynx, perichondrium, ligaments;
• stenosing laryngitis is the most dangerous variety (false croup). It is characterized by a narrowing of the airways, the rapid development of a lack of oxygen, and cyanosis of the nasolabial triangle. It requires immediate hospitalization, and it happens that resuscitation.

Diagnostic Methods

• History taking - examination with the establishment of symptoms, establishing redness of the larynx;
• laryngoscopy - examination with a laryngoscope with a flashlight to detect edema, mucosal hemorrhage, vascular pattern enhancement, thickening and incomplete closure of ligaments;
• pharyngoscopy - examination of the pharynx under special lighting;
• rhinoscopy - a study of the state of the nasal cavity using special mirrors;
• study of larynx swabs (virological, bacteriological) - to establish the causative agent of the disease.

Differential diagnosis

It is necessary to differentiate laryngitis from diphtheria, a foreign body, a pharyngeal abscess, papillomatosis. With diphtheria, plaque is found on and around the tonsils, asphyxiation develops gradually, with high temperature and an increase in cervical lymph nodes. When the pharyngeal process is characterized by difficulty breathing, lack of cough and hoarse voice.

With a foreign body in the larynx, symptoms occur suddenly, during games or eating. Cough - up to vomiting. The main role in differentiation belongs to laryngoscopy.

With laryngeal papillomatosis, against the background of prolonged hoarseness, a progressive breathing difficulty gradually develops. For differentiation, laryngoscopy data is used.

Treatment of laryngitis in children

General rules:

• Elimination of the causes of the disease (more often - treatment for influenza or SARS);
• strict bed rest;
• providing fresh humidified air in the room;
• silence mode - talk as little as possible, whispering is also impossible;
• warm, plentiful drink (herbal decoctions,);
• diet - food should be warm, exclude all spicy, salty, spicy, allergen products.

Acute treatment

Acute laryngitis in children is completely cured by a complex of measures:

• inhalation - in the first days every 2 hours for 5 minutes, then - at longer intervals;
• warm compresses - on the neck or a warm scarf;
• anti-inflammatory drugs - in the form of sprays (,) or lozenges (pharyngosept, strepsils);
• antibiotics - prescribed by a doctor with a bacterial infection;
• antitussive drugs (,);
• expectorant medicines - to facilitate the discharge of sputum (thermopsis,);
• antihistamines - to reduce edema and calm the child (clarithin, zodak, cetrin);
• antipyretic - (panadol, ibufen, efferalgan);
• physiotherapy (electrophoresis, UV, UHF).

Mild treatment

It is made at home, consists of following the general rules, and, if necessary, symptomatic treatment:

• Inhalation with alkaline solutions (sodium chloride or alkaline mineral water), vasoconstrictors;
• UHF therapy;
• antiseptic sprays and resorption preparations.

Medium grade

Treatment is carried out in a hospital. The treatment uses:

• Inhalation with hydrocortisone;
•   - intravenous administration of glucocorticoids;
• with increased breathing difficulties, they resort to intubation or tracheotomy.

Severe

Treatment is only in a hospital. Used by:

• Antibiotics (amoxiclav, ceftriaxone, azithromycin);
• antihistamines and diuretics;
• corticosteroids;
• when forming an abscess, they resort to opening it;
• with an increase in stenosis, an urgent tracheotomy.

Chronic treatment

A combination of general rules and symptomatic treatment is used:

• Inhalation with alkaline solutions;
• antiseptic sprays and lozenges;
• antitussive and expectorant drugs;
• physiotherapy during periods of remission: UV, UHF, sollux, electrophoresis;
• removal of hyperplastic areas by laser, ultrasound.

Physiotherapy

• Electrophoresis on the larynx - the introduction of drugs (novocaine, 5% calcium chloride) using a constant low-frequency current.
• Ural Federal District - the use of ultraviolet radiation increases the absorption of oxygen, increases the resistance of infection. Has a bactericidal effect.
• UHF - high-frequency ultrasound operating in a non-contact manner is used. Most effective in inflammatory processes.
• Sollux - the action of an artificial light source is directed to the front surface of the neck.

Inhalation with laryngitis in children

The most effective treatment. With the help of inhalations, the larynx is additionally moisturized to alleviate the cough that may accompany laryngitis. As prescribed by a doctor, decongestants and antiseptics are added to the inhaler. Inhalations with essential oils are best avoided.
  Produce inhalation using inhalers, nebulizers.

Treatment with folk remedies

Inhalation:

• Potato Steaming. Cook unpeeled potatoes, put on mint or chamomile. Breathe over steam for 10 minutes;
• garlic. Finely chop the garlic and place it around the patient’s room, around his bed;
• hot steam. By turning on hot water, fill the bathroom with steam. Sit in it for 15 minutes.

Hot inhalations should not be carried out if the child has wheezing and shortness of breath. This can provoke even greater obstruction of the airways, up to their complete closure.

Rinse:

• Beetroot and potato juice;
• honey (1 spoon dissolve in a glass of boiling water);
• infusions of herbs (calendula, sage, chamomile, oak);

Nasal Lavage:

• infusions of herbs;
• a solution of sea salt or soda (0.5 tablespoons per glass of water).

For oral administration:

• 2 spoons of plantain leaves brew boiling water, insist. Drink when coughing;
• carrot juice with honey - anti-inflammatory and restorative.
• a decoction of dried apples with honey or carrots in milk - with hoarseness.

Treatment of laryngitis in children at home

  Houses successfully treat uncomplicated forms of laryngitis. Use a combination of general rules, medical and folk methods of treatment.

Disease prevention

Primary Prevention:

• Personal hygiene;
• the exclusion of contacts with patients with colds;
• hardening of the child - gradual;
• the inadmissibility of hypothermia of the child's body; in the cold season, a scarf and hat are required;
• maintaining cleanliness, fresh and moist air in the house.

Secondary Prevention:

• Timely treatment of diseases of the nasopharynx;
• vaccination against childhood diseases;
• in case of forced contact with harmful substances (living in a contaminated area) - periodic preventive inhalations.

Forecast

In children with acute uncomplicated laryngitis, a favorable prognosis. Timely treatment will forget about the disease after 2 weeks. With violations in treatment (non-compliance with general rules) and the frequent occurrence of laryngitis, a chronic form of the disease can develop. With the development of a stenosing form, the prognosis depends on the timeliness of the treatment, otherwise laryngeal stenosis can lead to death as a result of asphyxiation.

If a child coughs, fever (39aboutC), difficulty breathing and swallowing, whistling while breathing, immediately consult a doctor - general practitioner, otolaryngologist, pulmonologist.

Useful video

Children's laryngitis (especially stenosing form) is a serious disease that requires immediate medical attention, in detail in this video:

Infectious diseases of the respiratory tract, including laryngitis, in a one-year-old child, the phenomenon is quite common. This is due to the fact that the immune system in this group of patients is poorly developed, it cannot fully resist pathogenic microorganisms. Laryngitis in childhood is difficult, entails serious complications. Therefore, it is impossible to treat this pathology on your own, if you find the first symptoms, you should immediately seek help.

Laryngitis is a disease, mainly of an infectious nature, in which the mucous membrane of the larynx and the vocal cords are involved in the process. Non-infectious factors, for example, an allergen, can also provoke pathology.

Among pathogenic microorganisms that contribute to the development of laryngitis in children, viruses, bacteria and fungi are isolated. In most cases, it develops against the background of acute respiratory viral infections, influenza, tonsillitis. According to statistics, pathology is more common in children of the first three years of life. At the same time, in infants under the age of 6 months, the pathology is rarely diagnosed, since their body still has antibodies received from the mother during the period of intrauterine development.

Factors that contribute to frequent laryngitis include:

• weak protective function of the body;
• underdevelopment of the respiratory system;
• adverse living conditions;
• poor nutrition;
• the presence of concomitant diseases of the nervous and endocrine systems;
• hypothermia;
• overheat.

Parents can easily suspect a pathology. You do not need specialized skills to do this. First of all, changes in behavior appear. Children become moody, irritable, drowsy, refuse to eat, sweating intensifies.

This is followed by the appearance of symptoms specific to laryngitis, namely:

• an increase in body temperature to febrile indicators;
• sore throat;
• unproductive cough;
• changing the tone of voice.

Immediately, the child coughs periodically, unproductively. It may seem that something is stopping him in the throat. Then the main symptom appears, indicating laryngitis, this is the so-called "barking" cough, shortness of breath. Attacks are frequent, not bringing relief, appear mainly during sleep. Breathing is hard, during inhalation and exhalation, even at a distance, a typical whistle is heard. These symptoms occur due to the fact that the inflammatory process causes swelling of the mucous membrane of the larynx and vocal cords. As a result, the lumen in the organ is significantly narrowed, and normal air exchange is difficult.

The consequence of the condition is respiratory failure and oxygen starvation.

After a few days from the onset of the disease, sputum forms and begins to flow away, the normal narrowing of the larynx also interferes with normal evacuation.

According to the specifics of the course, laryngitis of viral and bacterial etiology is different. If the pathology was provoked by viruses, it is characterized by an acute onset. The temperature rises sharply to 39 degrees and above, a runny nose appears, tonsils redden and hypertrophy, symptoms typical for laryngitis appear. This condition lasts about three days, then, with adequate treatment, the condition improves.

Bacterial laryngitis in children as an independent disease rarely develops. More often manifested as a complication of a respiratory viral infection. In such cases, bacteria join the already formed inflammatory process in the respiratory tract, and a clinical picture typical of this pathogen develops. For such laryngitis, an acute onset is not characteristic. Symptoms increase gradually, the condition worsens.

The body cannot cope with pathogenic microbes on its own, antibiotic therapy is needed. If help is not provided, it is fraught with serious consequences.

When the first symptoms appear, indicating a pathology of the larynx, you need to not hesitate to seek help. Only a doctor can determine the causative agent of the disease and tell how to treat laryngitis in a particular case. In the absence of adequate therapy, laryngospasm develops, the consequences of which are unpredictable, especially in childhood.

How to treat laryngitis for a one-year-old baby

At the first symptoms that cause suspicion of laryngitis, the child should be shown to the doctor. Only after the examination is a medication prescribed. One can’t cope with pathology alone, parents must provide the most comfortable conditions.

The first, and perhaps most important, is the drinking regime. The child should drink plenty of fluids warmed up to body temperature. It is recommended to give more alkaline water, like Borjomi, it not only saturates the body with moisture, but also relieves irritation in the throat. If this is a baby, then the frequency of feedings should be increased.

Laryngitis is often accompanied by temperature, in this state the body requires more moisture. If it is not enough, dehydration begins, due to which the blood thickens, it circulates more slowly, and the quality of the nutritional function worsens. In addition, dehydration is characterized by reactive tissue swelling. This is fraught with the fact that the already inflamed mucosa of the larynx hypertrophies even more, thereby enhancing the symptoms of obstruction. Children are most susceptible to this complication; its development cannot be allowed.

The second thing that needs to be done is to create optimal conditions in the room where the mother and baby are. Air temperature, humidity and cleanliness play an important role in the well-being of the patient. If the room is hot, dry, dirty, the frequency of attacks will increase. Necessarily the room is ventilated, regardless of the time of year.

In addition, all possible allergens and fragrances are removed. With laryngitis, it is recommended to maximize the peace of the vocal cords. If the baby is crying, he should be reassured as soon as possible.

Nutrition also has an important role. In the diet you need to include as many foods as possible containing vitamins. Exclude spicy, fried, tough foods.

The implementation of these simple, but at the same time very important rules will significantly improve the condition, speed up the healing process.

Effective drug treatment

Laryngitis in a child is a disease in which you can not hesitate to visit a doctor. Failure to provide serious, life-threatening consequences. After examination and diagnostic measures, the doctor will prescribe an effective medication.

Timely and proper treatment of acute laryngitis is an important stage. If pathologies at an early stage are not given due attention, the development of false croup or the spread of infection lower in the respiratory tract is possible.

The main in the treatment of the acute phase is etiotropic therapy. It is aimed at eliminating the root cause of the pathology. If the disease is provoked by viruses, antiviral drugs are prescribed. In bacterial lesions - antibiotics, mainly cephalosporin and amoxicillin series. Without specific treatment, it is impossible to get rid of the inflammatory process in the larynx, you can only alleviate the symptoms.

Auxiliary therapy for laryngitis is aimed at eliminating the unpleasant signs that the infection provoked. For this, the following groups of drugs are used:

• Anti-inflammatory. Mostly non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are prescribed. In addition to the fact that the activity of the inflammatory process is inhibited, they have an antipyretic property (Ibuprofen, Paracetamol).
• Antihistamines. Relieve swelling from the inflamed tissues of the larynx, thereby ensuring free breathing and drainage of mucus (Eden, Zodak).
• Mucolytics. Dilute the accumulated sputum, facilitate its evacuation (Lazolvan, Ambroxol).
• Antitussive. Reduce irritation of the laryngeal mucosa, thereby reducing the number of coughing attacks. (Sinekod, Gebion plantain).
• Immunostimulants. Restore the protective functions of the body, accelerating the healing process (Anaferon).

The dosage and form of the drug is prescribed by the doctor. It is forbidden to treat alone, since in children of the first years of life, the structure of the respiratory system has its anatomical features. Uncontrolled reception of funds will lead to deterioration.

First aid for false croup

False croup with laryngitis develops due to severe swelling of the larynx and vocal cords, muscle spasm. The child is disturbed by a strong suffocating, paroxysmal cough of a barking character. A child cannot breathe air in and out freely, respiratory failure develops. By external signs, pallor of the skin, cyanosis of the nasolabial triangle, severe crying, which only enhances the attack, are noted.

The first thing parents should do:

• take the baby in his arms, calm, keep upright;
• open a window, give fresh air access;
• drink warm water, preferably alkaline, you can milk with soda;
• try to distract the child as much as possible;
• gently push the spoon on the root of the tongue.

If this does not help, and the child continues to suffocate, resort to medical care. With laryngospasm in children, inhalations with Pulmicort are prescribed. This is a hormonal drug that locally removes edema from the inflamed tissues of the larynx. Antihistamines in the form of syrups are also used as first aid. In addition, inhalations with saline or Borjomi mineral water are prescribed, they will relieve the sensation of irritation in the throat.

You cannot prescribe these drugs on your own, only with the permission of the doctor. At the first symptoms indicating false croup, you must immediately call an ambulance. Untimely or incorrect assistance may result in death.

Nebulizer inhalation and steam

The inhalation route of administration of drugs for laryngitis helps to quickly stop the symptoms, minimize the side effects associated with taking the drugs orally. Only a doctor should prescribe treatment.

Carrying out inhalation requires the implementation of several rules:

• you can not feed the child an hour before and after the procedure;
• it is not allowed to go out into the cold after inhalation;
• after the child has breathed the medicine, it is advisable to provide physical rest;
• it is forbidden to carry out manipulation at high temperature.

Almost all groups of medicines can be used as inhalation preparations, but only after consulting a doctor. Using a nebulizer accept:

• antibiotics (Fluimucil-antibiotic, Gentamicin);
• immunostimulants (interferon);
• hormones (Pulmicort, Flexotide, Dexamethasone);
• mucolytics (Lazolvan);
• bronchodilators (Berodual, Ventolin);
• antihistamines (Cromohexal);
• saline;
• mineral alkaline water.

When inhaled, the drug reaches directly to the site of inflammation, bypassing the gastrointestinal tract and bloodstream, which significantly accelerates the onset of the therapeutic effect and reduces side effects. The dosage is prescribed only by a doctor, the slightest non-observance of the proportion entails serious complications.

It should be noted that it is forbidden to use clean preparations in a nebulizer. They are divorced with saline in a ratio of 1: 1 or more. It is impossible to use boiled or distilled water as a solvent, they will provoke pulmonary edema.

As for steam inhalation for laryngitis in a one-year-old child, it is better to avoid such procedures, or use only with the permission of a doctor. A strong steam flow can provoke a strong attack of suffocation in a child. Another side effect of thermal inhalation is the risk of a burn of the upper respiratory tract mucosa.

For steam inhalations, decoctions of medicinal herbs, such as chamomile, St. John's wort, special breast fees are used. In order to remove the symptom of irritation, inhale a pair of soda solution. It is better not to use conifer oil in young children, they are aggressive and often cause allergies.

All solutions before serving the child must be cooled to a temperature of 80 degrees. During the procedure, you can not leave the child unattended, so that the baby does not overturn boiling water on itself.

Diagnosis of laryngitis

When contacting a medical institution, the doctor first examines the child and collects an anamnesis. After that, the patient is sent for additional diagnostic tests, which include:

• laryngoscopy;
• clinical studies of blood and urine;
• throat and nose swab.

Only after a full examination can an accurate diagnosis be made and adequate treatment prescribed.

Disease complications

If we talk about the complications that can cause laryngitis in a child, the first thing I want to note is false croup. This condition is not a separate disease. This is a symptom indicating swelling of the laryngeal mucosa. Failure to help with it leads to suffocation. At the first sign, it is necessary to call an ambulance team.

Due to the fact that the pathology is not given due attention or the treatment is prescribed incorrectly, the infection will spread down the respiratory tract, causing bronchitis and pneumonia.

To prevent this from happening with a one-year-old child, at the first symptoms you need to call a doctor at home, or go to the hospital yourself.

Preventative measures

So that a small child does not get laryngitis, his immune system should be actively strengthened. In one-year-old children, the state of the protective function of the body directly depends on the responsibility of the parents.

For immunity to be strong, parents must provide:

• proper and balanced nutrition;
• walks in the fresh air for at least 2 hours a day, regardless of the time of year, the only condition is that the clothes must match the weather;
• control of temperature, cleanliness, moisture in the room;
• regular airing of the room.

By following simple rules, parents will help to strengthen the child’s immune system that has not yet been formed, so that he never experiences laryngitis. If the disease has already caught up, the effectiveness of treatment directly depends on the timeliness of seeking help.