Planning is an important stage in the management of preschool. This is a type of management decision. It allows you to implement a set of measures to implement the tasks facing the team. Planning arises from pedagogical analysis. When planning, it is necessary to take into account the prospects for the development of public education and preschool education in the country, city, district, as well as the prospects for the development of its institution for several years ahead, for a five-year period or for a more remote period. The plan identifies the main, most important tasks of the preschool institution, which will be addressed by the team, and identifies the main ways and means to solve them: appropriate placement of people and distribution of responsibilities, coordination of team members actions, incentives for them (through the organization of instruction, control , competition), creating a favorable psychological climate in the team, strengthening the material base of the institution. The effectiveness of the plan lies in the clarity and clarity of the goals, objectives, in the concreteness and perspective, in taking into account the objective features of the planned.
Planning educational work with children should be built on certain principles that give the teacher an opportunity to exercise systematic and consistent impact on children through different types of organized (joint) activities. Considering the achievements of preschoolers in organized joint activities, the tutor gradually brings the children to the development of more complex content, new ways of action.
Principle-based planning repeated with complication provides better learning by children of program material in all activities.
Complicating the material, it is necessary to provide the variability of the children's tasksthat will ensure the manifestation of creativity, will allow to take into account the individual characteristics and abilities of children.
When planning takes into account the principle of communication all activitiesthat contributes to the comprehensive development of the child's personality.
The work plan is a mandatory document defining the organization of educational work in a group. Planning the process of raising and educating children can be represented by the following types:
- promising; quarter or month
- perspective calendar; month
- calendar.on every day
One of the variants of the prospective calendar plan is thematic planning.
The structure of the prospective calendar plan includes the following sections:
Objectives of the preschool institution for the year.
Sources of planning.
List of children in groups.
The sequence diagram of the joint activities of the teacher with the children
Family collaboration.
Individual correctional work with children.
Sports and fitness work.
Specially-organized training.
Types of children's activities.
Annual plan - this is a pre-planned system of activities, providing for the order, sequence and deadlines for the work on solving clearly defined tasks of the team. Consists of five sections and subsections that define its structure and content.
The first part is the definition of the main tasks. The second part is the content of the work, where the actions for the implementation of the tasks are determined.
The essence of planning lies in the rational distribution of the time of collective and individual labor of workers of preschool institutions, necessary to achieve the goals set, the decisions made.
The plan is a coordinated system of decisions designed to ensure the effective operation of a preschool institution during a specific time: a week, a month, a year, and also for a longer period.
The plan defines the specific goals and objectives of the activities of the preschool institution team and the means to achieve them. It shows not only what needs to be achieved, but also how to do it, by what forces and when. It notes the main ways and means of solving problems, expedient placement of people and distribution of responsibilities, coordination of their actions and incentive measures (through organizing instruction, control, encouragement, creating a favorable psychological climate in the team, strengthening the material base of institutions).
Planning allows you to implement a set of measures to implement the tasks facing the system preschool education in each specific period.
Planning is based on the principle of a systems approach, which presupposes a dialectical unity and interrelation of the purpose and tasks of planning, its structure and content, methods of planning and organizing its implementation, interaction of planning and organization of its implementation, interaction of planning with other management functions.
The essence of a systematic approach to planning in the head's ability to see the pedagogical system in the unity of all activities of the preschool institution.
The whole work planning system should be based on the program-target method. Under the conditions of the preschool education system, this means the orientation of all activities towards the achievement of final goals - the comprehensive development and upbringing of children, and their successful preparation for school.
The implementation of the program-target method implies:
· Determination of a clear hierarchy of goals, objectives of activities accessible to employees;
· The system of goals, main and subordinate tasks, specific activities should reflect the concretization of the main target programs and instructions of the public education authorities;
· The relationship between the analysis of the results of work for the previous period and the design of work for the next period;
· The relationship between long-term, future and operational work plans;
· The subordinated relationship between the work plans of the department of public education, pre-school institutions, individual services and employees;
· Clear forecasting of results in the planning period;
· Use of the work plan as a document for operational regulation of work (terms, performers, content);
· The minimum labor input for planning the work of preschool institution employees, the use of modern planning techniques (two-coordinate, graphical plans), color marking with basic symbols;
· The ability to regularly make adjustments.
Efficiency of planning is achieved under the observance of three main conditions:
· Knowledge of the level at which the preschool institution works at the time of planning;
· A clear idea of the level at which it should be raised by the end of the planned period;
· The choice of optimal ways and means that allow you to transfer the work of the preschool institution to a new level.
In the practice of the preschool education system, perspective plans (five-year and annual) and operational (monthly, weekly, daily) are used.
The timing of planning is determined by the goals of planning. On the basis of the five-year plan is compiled annual. Annual plans are part of the five-year plans and contribute to their phased implementation. Annual plans specify, clarify, complement the relevant section of the five-year plan, taking into account the dynamism and features of the kindergarten development in the previous year.
The plan consists of two parts. The first part is introductory.
The introductory part of the plan provides a critical analysis of the achieved level of development of the preschool institution in the implementation of the main goal and main objectives. In this part, achievements in educational and educational work are different; they highlight shortcomings and unresolved issues in the work of different age groups in the implementation of the parenting program. The state of the material base, the equipment of the pedagogical process and the working conditions of teachers in the organization and implementation of the pedagogical process are analyzed.
On the basis of a detailed analysis of the results of the previous period, cause-and-effect relationships, the root causes of deficiencies, and weak links that should be addressed are identified.
To analyze the results of the school year, it is necessary first of all to determine what the efforts of the leader in the system of pre-school education and public organizations should be directed to. The subject of the analysis is the educational process (its state) during the school year.
Completing the analysis is a summary of its results, as well as errors and difficulties in the implementation of the annual plan. Further, the leading tasks of the team work for the new academic year are formulated. In determining these, the type and type of pre-school overall level pedagogical skills of the whole team, strengths and weaknesses of each educator, working conditions, material and technical base. Should also be taken into account activities carried out; Department of Education.
When planning, the problematic issues of the upbringing and education of children, which require long efforts and well-coordinated work of the teaching staff, should be highlighted.
To study the opinion of educators on current areas of work in the system of preschool education for the coming period, a questionnaire can be used, including the following questions:
1. What topics should be taken up for discussion at the teachers' council in the new academic year?
2. In which seminars would you like to participate in the new academic year?
3. For which questions you are interested in especially would you like to receive a consultation?
4. What open views should be included in the work plan for the new school year?
5. Indicate the topic of educational work with children that interests you most.
6. What sections of a technique you own poorly?
7. What needs to be considered in working with parents?
8. What forms of work on the part of the head and methodologist’s educator do you consider most effective?
9. What methodical manuals need to be replenished in the new school year?
10. What topic of self-education would you like to take for the new school year?
Survey data is taken into account when developing a plan. The team is involved in conducting a pedagogical analysis of work for the past period. It is advisable to schedule 2-3 tasks per year, since their implementation requires a lot of organizational and methodological work of the head.
The second part - the activities that will be held during the year. They should be directed to the implementation of the Kindergarten Education Program and to the solution of the tasks outlined.
In terms of the work of the preschool education system, it should be clearly defined, which experience questions, at what level and when they will be considered, how work experience will be generalized and how experience introduction is organized. This part of the plan consists of the following sections:
1. Increasing social activity and business skills of employees: seminars, clubs, exhibitions, conferences, round tables on social and political topics, meetings with interesting people; direction for studying for courses, seminars, methodical associations; self-education.
2. Studying the work of educators with children in all activities, with penalties, school, etc.
3. Council of teachers. The Council is a permanent body of collective consideration of the main issues of educational work, the teaching of best practices. Some topics of the pedagogical council are repeated every academic (discussion of the work plan for the year, the results of the work for the quarter, and the year, the organization of the summer health campaign), others are outlined again in accordance with the tasks set. These topics should be relevant for this institution of preschool education.
Methodical work: workshops; consultations, collective views of the pedagogical process; the study, synthesis and dissemination of best practices; the organization of mentoring, schools of excellence, creative reports of educators, the development of guidelines, diagnostic schemes, didactic games; equipment and equipment of the methodical study, assistance in self-education. This section should outline a systematic, individual assistance to young teachers, in accordance with the internship plan. Determine whose work experience will be studied and on what topic. In the work of the methodical cabinet, it is necessary to envisage the timing of exhibitions for the compilation of best practices, the replenishment of the library, the compilation of files, etc. To plan for these and other forms of methodical work means to create reliable prerequisites for continuous improvement. It is necessary to plan the timing of the preparation of certification of educators, the organization of systematic assistance to teachers who received recommendations in the course of certification.
Work with parents: propaganda of pedagogical knowledge; are common parent meetings; group parent meetings; pedagogical general education for parents; open days; group counseling; visual propaganda; the study of family education experience; work with "difficult" families; parent committee meetings.
Administrative work and equipment of the pedagogical process; repair of premises; exhibition design; base facilities and financial support; strengthening the material and technical base; work on the territory of the kindergarten; work to protect the lives and health of children; work with staff; work with the public; meeting at the head.
The head chooses the form of reflection of events in the annual plan at his discretion.
The clarity of the plan is manifested in the clear statement of tasks, specifying the main goals, being the stages of moving towards these goals, tasks and deadlines for certain types of planned activities, in the specificity of the distribution of performers and responsible for various types of work and sections of the plan, in the planning of all activities, in the development of the system monitoring the implementation of the plan for operational management. In planning practice, the following form was established:
Attached to the annual plan are the work plans of the local committee of the children's institution, the parent committee, health workers, a plan teamwork with a school for preparing children for school, a summer recreation plan.
Currently, an active search for ways to improve planning is underway. It seems to us interesting prospective calendar form of the annual plan. It is concrete and operational and excludes the monthly work plan. We offer a scheme of such a plan.
The first page provides an analysis of the work of the institution and the tasks facing the team in the new academic year.
The second page presents the personnel structure, the arrangement of educators and assistants of educators in groups, public assignments of each for a year.
The third frontier is a cyclogram of the most important activities of the institutions of the pre-school education system for the new year.
A cycle diagram is a form of work plan that reflects regularly recurring activities. This form of the plan records the rhythm of the preschool institution. Cyclograms usually provide for the day and time of the pedsovets and other collective activities of teachers. Sequence diagrams form the basis of the network planning form and are a kind of reminder that facilitates the work of thought.
The distribution of the main types of administrative, methodical and economic work during the week ensures their regularity, which passes over time into a certain tradition. There should not be such a phenomenon when after a month of quiet work comes a week of excessive workload (teacher meeting, seminar, open classes, documentation, etc.). This reduces the pedagogical effect of the events held and causes the legitimate dissatisfaction of employees.
Scheme of the cyclogram regularly held activities for the school year
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activity |
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Starting from the fourth page, the activities planned for the implementation of tasks are planned. They are distributed by month. For planning for each month one or several pages are allocated.
The definition of activities in each month is carried out in accordance with the schedule. The plan includes sections: increasing social activity and business skills; management of the pedagogical process; administrative work.
One of the most effective ways to improve planning is the introduction of comprehensive targeted planning (or integrated target programs). The target program is created in a preschool institution for the implementation of problems that need to be addressed immediately. The core of the program is a general goal, decomposed into tasks, communicated to each educator, etc. The structure of the integrated target program should include:
· A brief description of the state of the problem, its place and role in terms of pre-school education institutions;
· General purpose;
· System of tasks (sub-goals brought to the performers);
· Indicators characterizing the success of the goal;
· Dates, performers;
· Information support for managing the process of solving problems;
· Monitoring the progress of the program;
· Current and final analysis;
· Regulation.
Complex target programs are best compiled in graphical form, then all the goals, objectives, a set of methods, means and impacts are presented visually on a single sheet.
Modern planning involves a combination of textual and graphical components. The inclusion of schedules in the plan allows you to largely free the manager from drawing up calendar plans for the month.
Currently, graphical and network forms of planning are becoming more widespread. They help to visualize the entire amount of work for a year, a month and every day.
In the practice of managing a preschool institution, combinations of tables and graphs, known as "Gantt charts", are recognized as convenient. The first column on the left lists the types of work, people (planning objects), and the first horizontal line indicates the time in various dimensions: years, months, days, etc.
With the help of the schedule you can reflect what activities and when they will be held. Horizontally indicates the planned periods - months (from September to August); vertical lists organizational forms of events; in the cells the date and topic of the event.
In the form of a schedule, you can provide all types of work outlined in this plan: organizational, control, methodical, work with parents, etc.
Forms of work in graphic terms can be indicated by colored circles; for example, a meeting of the pedagogical council is marked by green circles, consultations are red, seminars are blue; and in the circle there is the date of the event.
Recently, a form based on the calendaring principle has become increasingly common. The content of the work is painted on vertical columns. These include four weeks of each month. This form of planning has several advantages. In such a plan, unnecessary appeals to “seek,” “enhance,” “improve,” etc. disappear to anyone. Only concrete actions and measures fit into it. The plan is clear, specific, operational.
In the annual control schedule, it is indicated in which month in which group, what type of control should be carried out (thematic or frontal, identifying readiness for new school year and other types of control).
The performers responsible for the events may be indicated by different geometric shapes; for example, a square — the work is performed by the head, a triangle — the head nurse, a lozenge — the farm manager, etc. If two geometric shapes are marked in a cage, this means that two persons are doing the work.
Participation of performers in different types of control can be reflected in color. For example, frontal control by the manager is a blue square, thematic control is green, warning control is yellow, etc.
The monthly schedule shows the date of the control, the group and the names of the teachers, the type of control and the form of its implementation, where the results are discussed.
In the corresponding cell of the grid graph, the date, type of work is indicated. This scheme can be used to determine the forms of organization of control (attendance of classes, study of documentation, children's work, conducting verification sessions or conversations with children, sanitary inspection, etc.). The color of the cell means who is exercised by the control: the head of the RUO, the head, the methodological educator, the trade union organization, the senior nurse. The control schedule in advance warns educators about the timing of inspections of certain sections of programs and work issues, which improves the quality of educational work with children. Network planning should be cross-cutting, i.e. weigh relative to a given end goal: to be comprehensive, should include all sections of the work that affect the achievement of the final goal. The definition of the ultimate goal must be clear, specific and complete. The basis of network planning laid cycle diagrams. The collective work on the plan, carried out under the leadership of the head, insures him against subjectivity, creates a high moral and psychological climate.
The experience gained in a number of preschool institutions makes it possible to recommend a planning method in which creative groups are created from among teachers and medical personnel in accordance with the number of sections of the plan, and it is very important to take into account the abilities and capabilities of each team member.
· Creation of creative groups for the development of sections of the plan, conducting briefings;
· Organization of the search for the optimal solution current issues upbringing of preschool children, the study by participants of creative groups of documents of the Russian Government, regulatory documents of the Ministry of Education Russian Federationdecisions and orders of public education departments; acquaintance with the latest data of pedagogical science;
· Planning, analyzing the implementation of the plan for the past period, critical consideration of the reasons that impede its timely and full implementation; definition of goals and objectives for the upcoming period; consideration of proposals received from educators and other staff of the children's parent committee;
· Discussion of the first version of the plan with the leaders of the pre-school institution and public organizations, as well as an asset of educators;
· Approval of the work plan of the kindergarten at the meeting of the pedagogical council, meeting of the labor collective.
Thus, work planning is a complex process, time-consuming, coordinating the efforts of many employees of a preschool institution, but built on a real basis, with an integrated approach to solving the most important tasks, it largely determines the effectiveness and efficiency of the entire work of the preschool institution.
Planning for work in preschool educational institution.
The analysis of planning documents in pre-school educational institutions shows that the vast majority of them are traditional action plans that are weakly interconnected and have no clearly defined goals. To prevent this from happening, it is necessary to imagine the whole structure of the plans - the documents that are available in the institution and clearly define their subordination.
Plan of work with children (at the teacher and each specialist);
The plan of work with personnel (at the senior teacher and supervisor);
Work plan of the pre-school educational institution (for the academic year);
Educational program (model of organization of the whole pedagogical process in a preschool educational institution);
Program for the development of pre-school educational institutions ( perspective plan phased transition of the institution to a new status, concept of development).
In each of the documents listed, goals, objectives and activities are defined. All of them must be interconnected by goals, must complement and clarify each other. identifies three groups of goals, each of which is associated with ensuring the social function of education.
First, these are the goals of forming a single educational space, providing a highly efficient system of services and conditions that meet the educational needs of all strata and groups of the population.
Secondly, these are the goals of shaping the practice of socialization and education of the younger generation, taking into account the universal human values of the national culture;
Thirdly, these are the goals of transforming education into a developing and developing system capable of ensuring the development of the individual and the development of local social systems, subject to corporate interaction between all social institutions. ”
In the activities of each leader is important plan-prognostic function. Planning and forecasting the work of the team consists in determining the zones for the nearest and prospective development of a kindergarten in a specific environment based on a pedagogical analysis.
Planning will be effective if you comply with three main conditions:
An objective assessment of the level of work of preschool educational institutions at the time of planning;
A clear idea of the results of work that should be achieved by the end of the planning period;
Choosing the best ways, means, methods that will help you achieve your goals, and therefore get the planned result.
Plans can and should be adjusted and refined in the process of their implementation. However, the number of amendments can be minimized if you know in advance about the expected priority directions in education.
An important condition for planning work is to take into account the specific features of a particular pedagogical team, the real situation and conditions in an educational institution. Several important points that must be considered when planning the work of the kindergarten for the school year.
1.Before starting to draw up an annual work plan, it is necessary to carry out analysis of the final results of the last academic year which is the first component of the preschool annual plan. This section can be arranged in diagrams with brief conclusions for each subsection.
2. Determine the end results for the past academic year:
What was done, changed, improved;
What difficulties encountered in the course of work;
What could not be done, reasons.
3. Ask each group of professional teachers to carry out a self-analysis of the work done during the year:
What results I (we) are particularly proud of;
What tasks are unsolved and why;
What more work to do next year.
4. You can conduct an interview on the implementation of the program with the teachers of each age group.
The analysis of the results of the work of the past academic year may include six sections: (Details in the book, White educational institution. Management by results. M. TV Sphere 2007 p.111).
1. The health status of pupils and the results of the organization of physical culture and health work. Findings.
2. The results of the program in all areas. Findings.
3. The level of readiness for school children of the preparatory group.
Issues of succession in the work of the kindergarten and school. findings
4. The results of methodical work with personnel: the system of advanced training, self-education, certification. Analysis of the scientific and methodological support of the pedagogical process. Findings.
5. The system of interaction with parents is analyzed. Findings.
6. The results of administrative - economic work. Findings.
The form of writing a pre-school institution's plan for the year may be different: schematic-block; calendar month; cyclical forms of work.
Focusing on the main content of the activity and its focus on the final results, we propose a scheme of the DOE annual plan, in which the same sections are present annually. The content is changing, which is determined by the results.
Directions | Responsible | Control for |
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activities and | main | ||
activities | execution | run |
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(activity) |
Activities (sections):
Providing health and healthy lifestyle of life.
- (For DOW compensating type) Correctional work.
Education and development of children (sections of the program).
Creating conditions for ensuring the readiness of children to enter school.
Scientific-methodical and staffing of the pedagogical process.
Relationship in the work of kindergarten, school, family and other organizations.
Strengthening the material and technical and financial base.
In each of these activities, specific tasks are formulated that will be solved during the school year.
When drawing up the annual plan of an educational institution, be sure to check out the “Educational program of a pre-school educational institution”, remember that these two documents are interrelated and do not exist scattered.
The compiled plan is discussed and corrected by the teaching staff. It is assumed that on pedagogical councils you will certainly discuss the implementation of one of its parts. In the course of the implementation of the plan, fixed, in it the tasks are refined, supplemented by concrete deeds, results.
The annual work plan is a reporting document and must meet certain requirements.
Literature:
White work in DO. 2008
White K. Yu. From September to September. M. Sphere. 2006
White educational institution.
Management by results M. Sphere 2007.
Bondarenko A., Pozdnyak L., Shkatulla V., head of pre-school institution. M. 1989
Preparation and conduct of the results of the summer wellness
kindergarten works
, cand. ped. Sciences, Honored Teacher of the Russian Federation
The work of the kindergarten in the summer period has its own specifics. The weather of the summer months provides an opportunity to improve the children's body, since it has long been proven that it is better to start all tempering activities in the summer. It is necessary to do everything to the child's body rap. In the summer, the child spends more time in nature, communicates with her, and this allows educators, in general, than in other seasons, to solve problems of environmental education, to shape the child’s curiosity, the inquisitiveness of his mind.
Properly organized children's experimentation and experimental research activities of preschoolers will contribute to the development of cognitive activity. The pedagogical team at the end of May, when the results of the work for the school year are summed up and the pre-school institution prepares to work in summer conditions, should be aimed at solving these tasks.
The leader faces two important tasks: to make a vacation schedule correctly, so that all teachers can rest, improve their health and solve family problems in the summer, and at the same time organize the work of the team so that they can kindergarten during this period, diversified interesting summer health work was carried out. So, the preparatory stage is especially significant.
We offer rough plan Prepare a preschool for the summer season.
1. Administrative and business issues
To repair the sports and sports ground (if possible - the creation, the equipment is new).
Conduct an audit of existing equipment, purchase new sports equipment, equipment, a set of games for the summer playground.
Refresh sand in sandy yards; check the availability of toys for playing with sand and water.
To coordinate with possible sponsors allocation of the bus, for a trip to a forest-park zone.
Prepare a corner of nature, a small garden, a flower garden.
Determine the estimated occupancy of the groups during the summer months. Combine ungraded groups (create even-age, uneven-age groups).
Compile, coordinate with teachers, health workers and approve schedules of their holidays for the summer months.
To instruct teachers, staff on the protection of life and health of children in the organization of summer holidays, games, trips.
To organize a clean-up with the involvement of parents on the landscaping of the garden.
To hold a production meeting with all pedagogical staff of a preschool institution on the organization and content of work with children in summer conditions.
2. Methodical work
Conduct a seminar for educators on the preparation and organization of work with children in the summer.
Organize creative reports of educators in preparation for the summer or review competition.
Prepare guidelines for educators on topics:
"The organization of experimental - research activities of preschoolers";
"Summer hardening system";
"Feasible work of preschool children in the garden and in the flower garden";
"The use of the sports field to ensure the motor activity of children."
To equip the methodical study with necessary materials to help educators:
a) to develop routes for walks and excursions, taking into account the location of the preschool institution, recommendations for their implementation, to collect information about the plants growing on the route;
b) make a mobile filing, construction and design files; didactic games of preschoolers in a gym, in a park with brief description each of them;
c) prepare a calendar of Russian nature;
d) prepare a calendar of summer folk holidays, entertainment;
e) select literature on plants and animals, on agriculture, record observations, excursions, experiments in nature.
Think over the system of entertainment and holidays "for the summer period.
3. Work with parents
Hold group parent meetings in preparation for the summer, in which:
a) acquaint parents with the state of health of the children;
b) inform about the summer kindergarten program.
Organize counseling for parents traveling with children on vacation and staying for the summer in Moscow.
Prepare an information and reference section for parents in the methodical cabinet.
The presented plan is far from complete, as it does not take into account the specifics of each institution, its location.
Understanding how important the stage of preparation and conduct of the summer-well work in preschool institutions is, the educational authorities are also actively involved in it. For example, if you organize the delivery of sand for children’s games to all preschool institutions, this will release the manager from additional troubles, and he will devote more time to questions of methodological assistance to caregivers.
And the organization of the contest “The Best Kindergarten in Summer” can contribute to the greater interest of teaching staff.
August - last month of the summer Already behind is a colorful emotional holiday for children and adults “Hello Summer”, hiking and nature excursions, sports leisure and entertainment, and everything that seemed to be only recently planned was intended to be held with children. August - summing up the work of the teaching staff in the summer and recreational period, this preparation for the new school year in each kindergarten and in each age group.
For managers - the head and senior educator - again a crucial moment. During this month you need to have time to plan and carry out a lot.
The school pedagogical practice has a tradition of holding August pedagogical councils.
In a preschool educational institution, the head himself decides which way to work with the team is better to choose: a pedagogical council or a production meeting. Considering that usually the team’s work plan for the school year was drawn up in May-June, and in summer the doors of the kindergarten were open for its students, it is better to hold a production meeting at the end of August. The head prepares him thoroughly, understanding how important it is for the teaching, technical and medical personnel to work smoothly in the new academic year.
The agenda of such a production meeting may involve many issues, but two main points are central.
1. Results, the work team in the summer-wellness period.
2. The readiness of the institution for the new academic year, taking into account the leading activities of the teaching staff.
Summing up the work over the summer, one can hear reports on interesting pedagogical findings and experiences of individual teachers on various problems. For this, a senior educator helps teachers in summarizing their experience in the form of a message, which can be supported by photographic materials, notes, notes, children's work, etc.
It is not at all necessary that these were reports, it is better if the exchange of experience takes place in a lively conversation with a story: what and how was the teacher able to work with the children. The tutor's story is interesting with specific examples of techniques, methods, vivid characteristics of children's behavior, assessment of their level of development, or the development of skills. Colleagues are always interested to hear what difficulties the teacher faced and how he overcame them.
The results of the work are, and reports that are prepared by individual specialists. For example, the senior nurse - on the results of the system of hardening and rehabilitation of children in the summer. The teacher in physical culture - about the system of physical culture and health work in all age groups. And the music director reports on how the system of musical education for children was built in the summer. It is a very good tradition that during the summer period musical and physical education classes with children in all kindergartens, but are conducted in different ways with the inclusion of entertainment, tours, holidays.
It will be interesting for the whole pedagogical team to learn from the report of the head, how a kindergarten is completed with new pupils. And if the educational psychologist by this time has communicated with his parents, he will also have something to tell the teachers about.
So, summing up the work over the summer means the tasks for the new school year.
It is not necessary to read out the entire annual work plan, one can only recall the main directions and work of the team. The senior teacher will tell about the methodical work, what experience or pedagogical experiment will be used, about the system of advanced training and self-education in the new academic year, about new developments, manuals, literature, which has been supplemented by the kindergarten office.
The production meeting assumes that it will raise issues of organizing the work of the whole team, and not just the teaching staff. Therefore, problems of labor discipline, occupational health and safety, equipment with new equipment and property safety can be discussed here.
The head well remembers the anniversary dates of his team and his individual employees, so you can discuss together how best to organize these holidays.
Each new school year has similarities and differences with the year that has already lived. The features of the new school year are outlined at the August city conferences. With them the head introduces the team of his institution. For example, in Moscow for many years, the Day of Knowledge - September 1 - is annually celebrated in all educational institutions, but each year has its own theme, which is determined by the mayor of the city, Yuri Mikhailovich Luzhkov. The theme of the Knowledge Day for the new school year is usually known already in May-June, therefore the head of the educational institution discusses with the team how best to spend this day, if possible, attracts parents and sponsors to organize the holiday.
The main difficulty in organizing the Day of Knowledge is that it is held on the first day of the school year. Most of the children come after the summer holidays on September 1, at the end of August there are still very few children in kindergarten. Therefore, the activities of children at this holiday should be improvised and contain a minimum of “blanks”. The entire burden in its preparation falls on adults: writing the script, the distribution of roles among themselves, the selection of phonograms, the production of costumes, attributes, the design of the site, premises (hall, groups). Educators should carefully consider all the preliminary work, plan it, you can attract former pupils to participate in the celebration. Do not be left without attention and parents. In conversations, consultations, educators introduce parents to the upcoming work on organizing a holiday, asking to take an active part, giving advice about what and how to hold a conversation with the children at home, preparing for the content, explaining its importance.
It is important that this day be remembered for children and their parents.
A characteristic feature of the work of preschool educational institutions is in the system of stages, replacing each other. And summarizing the work of the team during the summer health company, and the beginning of the new school year in this system are inextricably linked and are the most important moments. Therefore, it is not so much the form of the organization, as their content should concern the head of the preschool educational institution.
News bulletin
"Organization of sports and recreation work in preschool
institutions of the city of Moscow in summer time.
CMC Methodist
Features of physical education in the summer.
Summertime is a good time to improve the health of children.
Long stay in the fresh air, has a strengthening and healthful value. Favorable and nutritional conditions (the menu includes a large number of fresh vegetables, fruits); and conditions for the systematic and diversified use of water to reinforce the skills of a hygiene culture and carrying out tempering procedures (air, water, solar).
Consequently, summertime pedagogical and medical teams of public educational institutions should be maximally used to promote health and hardening of the body. To do this, it is necessary to develop a health care system, taking into account the changed conditions in each preschool institution of the city.
The organization of the preparatory work.
From June 1, the preschool institutions of the city are moving to work in the conditions of the summer regime. For this pedagogical and medical personnel should conduct preparatory work.
Educators need to develop for each age group:
Daily regime;
Grid lessons (including motor, musical, artistic activities).
Inspect all children, highlighting those who need special health care, enhanced nutrition, for health reasons;
Develop a system of hardening, taking into account the conditions, the health of children in each age group
Parents whose children remain in the institution should be informed about the requirements and the changes that will occur in the work system of public educational institutions.
For parents whose children do not remain in the institution in the summertime, consultations should be held, and recommendations developed for each child. In addition, all communications should be placed on parent boards in each group.
Cultural and hygienic skills
To successfully cultivate the skills of hygiene culture in children (especially in summer), teachers and parents need to recall these rules and the peculiarities of their formation in different age groups. It is important to ensure that compliance with the rules of personal hygiene is a constant and natural matter for each child.
At a younger age, it is necessary to use didactic games, appropriate content, songs, songs, poems, stories, fairy tales, pictures. In addition, you must have a game hygiene kits (comb, towel, soap, napkin, toothbrush, toothpaste, handkerchief, cup, etc.). At an older age, it is necessary to give a variety of information about personal and public hygiene: How to protect your health and body in summer? How to prevent a cold? How to help yourself and other children (with bruises, abrasions, wasp stings, bees)? Why do we need a lot of walking every day and engage in physical culture? How to behave near the water in the forest? Teachers are encouraged to use techniques that stimulate the child to action: create problem situations, exercise in performing various practical actions, experiment. You can organize and conduct entertainment on the theme: "The holiday of sand and water" or "Beautiful and amazing around us", or "Day of good deeds." However, it must be remembered that the most effective means of nurturing a culture of hygiene for children preschool age is a sample of an adult.
All information is given to children in everyday life, and is fixed in the classroom in physical culture, familiarization with others, environmental education, labor education, play activities. It is advisable to include in the content a brief conversation, playing up a situation, listening to and memorizing songs and skits, and working out the technique of performing movements and exercises. It should be remembered that the success of a business will depend not so much on specially organized classes (their minimum number) but on skillfully used emerging pedagogical situations in which children can observe, compare, and most importantly act. It must be remembered - the task of the teacher is not only to give children knowledge, and most importantly, to cultivate their desire and to form the skill to be neat and healthy.
Hardening
In order to train the body's defenses and increase its resistance to adverse natural conditions in the summer, special attention should be paid to the organization and conduct of tempering procedures. Spring and summer are the most favorable periods for hardening. Each age group should develop its own hardening system.
You can start any procedure only with healthy children. All recommendations to teachers and parents must give the medical staff.
Maximum stay of children in the fresh air - this procedure strengthens the respiratory system, increases blood circulation, increases the appetite, and has a positive effect on the performance of children. Children's clothing should be light, not hamper their movement, at the same time protect from wind and sunlight, there should be a panama or a light cap on her head. The time spent in the fresh air in the spring-summer season is reduced only under adverse weather conditions (rain, sharp temperature fluctuations).
During a walk in the summer, it is recommended to take air baths at an air temperature not lower than 20 degrees. The duration of the first procedures is no more than 10-15 minutes, gradually it increases to 30 minutes. On windless days, some children (indicators determined by the doctor) of an older age can spend the whole day outdoors in their underpants, dressing only when the weather conditions change. Air baths are recommended to be combined with regime momentswhich are held in motion (morning exercises, outdoor games, physical education classes, etc.).
Sunbathing is stronger than the air, so they should be used with great care (after consulting a doctor). Their duration should be different depending on the age and health of the child. Take a bath should be once a day, after 1 - 1.5 hours after eating, lying down or in motion. The best time for sunbathing is considered 11 - 11.30. hours Sunbathing is well combined with air baths.
Barefoot is an effective remedy tempering, as well as a means of forming the arch of the foot. In summer, barefoot walking is carried out on well-cleaned soil, grass, gravel, sand. This procedure should be started on hot days. The first procedure is 2-3 minutes, gradually the time increases to 10-12 minutes. For children 5-7 years old, it is good to do barefoot morning exercises.
Hardening water.
The greatest health effect is created when using water treatments in everyday life, in the formation of personal hygiene skills: washing with cold water after sleep; washing hands after using the toilet; walks; before eating; rinsing the mouth and throat after each meal
(boiled water at room temperature). Special tempering procedures with water are assigned to each group by medical professionals. These can be: local wet rubbing, dousing, walking on wet tissue laid on a massage mat, swimming in a summer pool. Bathing in open ponds and dousing children as a tempering procedure should be recommended for parents. Methods for conducting special water procedures are given by medical professionals.
Motor mode.
In summer conditions are especially favorable for the work of developing movements. Questions of proper leadership and the choice of the most pedagogically sound forms - these are the questions that should be occupied by a tutor and a tutor in physical culture. The main means of education and development of movements among preschoolers in the summer should be: outdoor games, game exercises, games - fun, physical training exercises, sports, ball school, jump rope school, relay games, sports entertainment. Teachers should prefer games that are entertaining, capable of their content to captivate the child, and not contrived play movements. Once a week it is possible to hold thematic entertainment, such as “Flower Day”, “Ball Holiday”, “Jump Rope Holiday”, “Meeting with a Fairy Tale”, “Day of good deeds”, etc. It is necessary that the child, playing, perform useful for him a variety of movements. When choosing games, exercises and other motor forms, not only age should be considered, but also individual characteristics, and the physical strength of individual children, the degree of organization and discipline of the group, the level of motor skills. Children are easily excitable to give more calm games, sluggish vice versa. During motor actions, care should be taken that children do not reach excessive arousal, slight fatigue in motor activities is inevitable.
Gymnastic exercises for individual muscle groups should be given a modest place. They are appropriate in cases where the child does not have an automated skill, there is a lethargy of individual muscle groups. The exercises should be organized individually or in small subgroups, teachers should refrain from frequent remarks to children.
CMC Methodist
A walk is an essential element of the daily routine. The main task pedagogical work caregiver for a walk is to provide an active, meaningful, diverse and interesting activity for children.
The walk should give the child relaxation, relieve tension after static, concentrated exercises and create a cheerful mood in him that provides the appropriate emotional tone for the successful physical and mental development of the child in different conditions and activities. It is held twice a day (in the first and second half of the day), and in summer the entire life of children is transferred to the open air (except for sleep and eating). The stay of children in the fresh air promotes health, hardening of the body, the development of motor and cognitive activities. The time of the walk is determined in the programs (according to which the institutions work) and its volume depends on the age of the children. The walk must be carried out in any weather, with the exception of: strong wind, rain, snowfall, frost exceeding the standard indicators (the youngest - the average group is below -15 degrees; the oldest - the preparatory group is below -20 degrees).
Areas nursery and preschool groups should be isolated from each other by green plantations (shrubs). Plot nursery should be located near the exits from the premises. To ensure different types of activities it is recommended to divide the group areas by types of gaming and physical education equipment. A shed should be provided at each site to protect children from the sun and rain. The site should be well lit and kept in perfect order. Cleaning the area should be done daily before the arrival of children. Every day the sanitary condition of the plots should be under the control of the head of the public educational institution and the medical staff (the working day begins with an inspection of all the plots to ensure the protection of the life and health of children).
Distribution of duties of personnel working in groups early age can be found in the book “The Organization of Life and the Culture of Raising Children in Groups of Early Age”, Iris-Press, Moscow, 2006, p. 1.
At any time of the year, when conducting a walk, each educator is obliged to observe the state of health and the thermal state of the children. In the cold season to prevent hypothermia, and in the warm - overheating. In the summer, the teacher is obliged to observe the drinking regime for a walk. The comfortable condition of the children during the walk is provided by its interesting content. The teacher plans a walk for each day of work. The structure of the walk plan should include various activities.
Independent activities of children - children are in close contact with nature for a walk, they adapt to the conditions of the season and the weather, which significantly affects the content of children's games. In winter, physical exercise is dominated (skating on an ice track, sledging, on a hill); constructive games.
Riding on an icy track, on a sled, on a hill, children of 3-4 years old are performed with the help of a tutor, 5-6 year olds do it on their own or with a little help from a teacher.
For constructive games, children actively use snow, colored ice, prepared in advance with the teacher. In the summer, children enjoy playing with various natural materials: pebbles, acorns, leaves, sand, and water.
Participating in games on their own, children organize in small groups, freely run, jump, catch up with each other, practice throwing, play with the ball, and jump rope. Such games are valuable because each child can take the initiative and fulfill his plans. The role of the educator is to organize the conditions for independent activities ( necessary equipment site, portable material: attributes, toys, modular material, etc.).
To provide the necessary conditions for children, the teacher needs to know the interests of each child.
Cognitive children's activities - it is known that familiarization with objects or phenomena gives the most optimal result, if it is effective. Children must be given the opportunity to act with objects in the world around them. Subjects of the study of senior preschoolers can be: water (“Colored droplet”, “Fountains”, “Water clock”); wind ("Where the wind blows", "Air takes place"); sand (“Patterns on sand”, “What a house is built from”); phenomena inanimate nature ("Measurement of the shadow of an adult and a child", "Making a sundial"); Wildlife "Live Clock", "How old is a tree").
In order to increase attention to speech work during a walk, it is recommended to use speech games and tasks - “What do you hear around yourself?”, “Who called?” And others. Developing auditory perception and phonemic hearing of children.
In all age groups, at any time of the year for a walk it is necessary to observe the seasonal changes occurring in the plant and animal world. The teacher should be well prepared for them, think over the organization of the children, select the object to be watched for, compose questions and be prepared for unexpected situations that arise during a walk (bird arrival, full-blown flower, dew, rainbow, etc.).
Labor children's activities - for its organization, the teacher needs to know and comply with the requirements of hygiene of child labor, the rules for protecting the life and health of children (the use of non-traumatic objects, objects causing allergies and relevant age features children). Labor activity is planned and carried out at any time of the year. Winter work is organized with snow; in autumn, spring and summer - in the flower garden and in the garden.
In the summer it is recommended to work with children not in hot hours (in the morning and in the evening); Be sure to alternate types of work. Inventory must match the age of children (see Sat. "Toys and manuals for kindergarten", edited by M., Enlightenment, 1987). After work, children should wash their hands thoroughly with soap.
Motor activity children - outdoor games, (storyline, outdoor games with elements of sports games), relay races, sports activities, a variety of game exercises with and without objects, exercises with game materials: hoops, balls, skipping ropes, rackets, pins and. etc. This is the list of motor forms that should be actively used for a walk. Daily it is recommended to plan two mobile games (in the morning and in the evening). In addition, children of senior and preparatory groups may offer the teacher to hold their favorite game. The guidance of the organized movement activity during a walk is provided by the group educator. At any moment she is obliged to help children - in clarifying the rules of the game, the distribution of roles, teams; preparation of places for carrying out relays, competitions. Some exercises (riding a scooter, cycling, walking along a narrow path, jumping exercises) require the immediate attention and assistance of an adult - insurance, support, joint performance of movements.
Conducting various forms of motor activity, the teacher must
monitor the status of children, adjust the load (increase or decrease the time of the game), change some rules of the game if necessary, regulate the duration of pauses in the game; choose a place to hold games, change the difficulty of obstacles to be overcome in the game, determine the distance for jogging, crawling, number of jumps.
For organization musical activities It is advisable for teachers to use games with singing, musical didactic games, rhythmic word games and dramatized games. Most of the entertainment music director is recommended to be on the air.
Annually, when planning methodological work with teachers, the senior teacher uses various forms of work that are widely practiced: consultations, open views, round tables, etc. Given that one of the main goals in the work of the senior teacher is to improve the methods of individual work with teachers. The head of the methodical work, knowing the level of skill, chooses for the teaching staff the most effective forms of training for young professionals. This may be a workshop on the topic: "Features of the organization and content of the walk at any time - the year in different age groups." Its content includes practical tasks, observations of options for walking with colleagues, followed by discussion. During the workshop, it is possible to discuss various points of view, discussion, the creation of problematic situations that will eventually develop a unified position on this issue.
An interesting and productive show for educators can also be a well-organized open demonstration of the work of a teacher-master in organizing a walk, in which pre-school teachers learn the most effective, rational methods and techniques for working with children on a walk.
The head of the preschool institution is obliged to systematically instruct the pedagogical and technical staff on the fulfillment of the requirements of the instruction for the protection of the life and health of the child.
Literature:
N.T. Terekhova "Day routine in kindergarten", M., Enlightenment, 1987.
, "Games and entertainment of children in the air", M., Enlightenment, 1983.
"Hygienic bases of education in preschool institutions", M., Enlightenment, 1973.
In the summer, educators continue to work with children on the formation of design abilities. Children are offered desktop construction kits, constructors appropriate for age, entertaining puzzle games, didactic aids (on plane modeling, sets of drawings with different design tasks, etc.). It is more convenient to organize this activity on the verandas, in the gazebos, in order to exclude the loss of small parts and parts.
The focus is on the organization of the most characteristic children's activities in the summer period - the construction of sand. In the process of this work, creative, research, constructive abilities of children, imagination, aesthetic taste are developed. Preschoolers learn the ability to act together, they develop the skills of independent activities, humane feelings and positive relationships with each other. And finally, there are great opportunities in the formation of preschoolers' desire for self-expression, mutual learning and self-government, and this in turn contributes to the revitalization of children's socially-focused activities.
The most important condition for the organization of this work is the preparation of sand. It must be clean (sifted if necessary) and wet. For children of younger groups in kindergarten, it is inappropriate to allocate large areas for this work, since the kids do not create large story buildings, combining them with a general content, their actions are often procedural in nature, the buildings are still imperfect and simple !. Therefore, small portable sandboxes with legs (1 m 20 cm x 1 m 20 cm, height 50-60 cm) are considered convenient. It is desirable that the site had two or three such sandboxes. They can be of any shape, removable umbrellas. The bottom of the sandbox is convenient to produce from sheet iron, because the tree quickly rots from the constant moisture.
The sand is periodically flushed from a hose (the water flows freely at the same time). If necessary, such sandboxes can be covered with plastic wrap to protect the sand from pollution.
For children of the middle group, similar portable sandboxes are used at the site. It is advisable to have four of them. Experience shows that it is better to move the sandboxes in two, since the children are going to the game in small groups, they begin to combine their buildings with a common content. (For example: several guys in one sandbox build a room, and others in the next - a street, a kindergarten, after which they jointly beat buildings.)
For children of preschool age, a large amount of sand is required, as well as large areas for organizing construction activities (3x4 m). After all, children are already creating large ones; collective buildings, unite in large groups, develop interesting plots of games in the sand. The buildings are informative, creative, and distinguished by their constructive complexity. The children themselves monitor the purity of the sand, its preparation for work. Children work carefully, not soiling clothes, shoes (they are barefoot in the sand in warm weather), they are accustomed to wash their hands if necessary without a reminder. Therefore, to organize the activities of children of preschool age, you can strictly different sandy patios directly on the ground.
Typically, patios are placed under the trees to protect children from playing overheating in the sun, and sand from drying out. In the absence of trees, shade umbrellas are recommended. Do not arrange sandy patios in a constant shade: in cool time it will be damp, cold, uncomfortable. In addition, the sun - the source of the fight against various malicious organisms. Well-established patios of hemp. (The log is sawn into pieces, which are dug into the ground closely to each other in any shape.) They can be made from lying logs, from boards, can be of any shape.
Encourage children to take care of the material, do not spread the sand across the site. In the event that there is no construction left in the sandy courtyard, remind the children that when leaving the site, it is necessary to scrape the sand into a pile.
For working with sand, young children of preschool age can be offered plastic buckets, shovels, shovels and molds, medium-sized toys that are durable, easily washable, various additional materials: planks, plywood stencils depicting people familiar to animal children, vehicles. You can offer kids to play dollware, pieces of oilcloth, color film, plywood plates for making kulichikov on them.
To organize the construction of sand in medium group the same materials are used with an increase in the number of different additional means: plates made of plywood of various sizes and shapes, pieces of colorful plexiglass, plastic (edges cleaned), natural material (twigs, roots, pebbles, seashells, etc.).
For the organization of constructive activities for children of senior preschool age, offer smaller toys that meet children's ideas, increase the amount of additional material and diversify it. It can be trimming plastic hoses and pipes of different diameters, pieces of foam plastic, foam rubber, twine, braid, colored wire (in the shell), various plastic and metal boxes, banks of various shapes and sizes for molding, etc. Children can already be offered for building containers , which they fill with water, and organize games with water in the sand. You can use plastic wrap, which the guys line the bottom of the structures, creating pools, ponds, lakes, rivers, and playing out the plots of the games.
In order to give children's activities the right direction, teachers enrich their experience with various knowledge, impressions, and skills. For this purpose, well-known methods are used (observation, excursions, reading works of art, conversations about what they have seen, viewing illustrations, viewing filmstrips, slides, etc.), which makes it possible to acquaint children with different species architecture, features of buildings, to enrich their understanding of different types of transport, people of different professions, etc.
When organizing work, teachers themselves are often included in the construction; explain, show the methods of working with the material, help children to develop the plots of games. The development of interest in the construction contributes to the involvement of children in the manufacture of various crafts for playing around buildings.
Educators strive to apply in their work such methods that contribute to the development of ingenuity in the children, the desire for a creative search. For example, “What do you need to do to make the hare fit in your house?”, - ask the baby. “Guess how to make a bridge out of the hill?” Is a question for the children of the middle group. “Think of how to use a hose to get water to pour water into this pool. What needs to be done to strengthen these parts of the buildings? ”(Stick chopsticks between them) questions for children of preschool age.
In the process of construction, teachers strive to purposefully shape their children’s communication skills. In the groups of younger preschool children, children continue to be taught actions with sand, the ability to express their thoughts and desires, which contributes to the development of communication skills: “Invite to play! Thank you for your help! ”Educators stimulate the desire of children to participate in joint games, provide an opportunity to feel the joy of joint actions (example:“ They visit each other with dolls, treat them with “gingerbread”, “sand cakes”).
In groups of younger preschool age, teachers develop not only the skills of individual autonomy, but mutual assistance and mutual learning: “Teach Natasha to build a road!” They form stable motives for active joint activities in children (for example, the Pastry Shop plot role-playing game).
In working with children of middle preschool age, caregivers set the main task of forming children with a certain independence and self-management skills in the process of joint activities with sand (small subgroups of 3-4 children). Children are taught to set a goal, to find a constructive solution based on existing experience, independently or with the help of an adult to plan work, build together, unite their buildings with a common theme, achieve the final goal. They are encouraged to express their opinions, to listen to others, not to conflict, to subordinate their desires to the wishes of the comrades with whom you are building. The main methods and techniques for this are joint discussion of conflict situations, the inclusion of a teacher in the activities of children, an example of his communication with children.
Educators constantly encourage collective building: “How well you work! What a beautiful city built! It would be good to keep the building, and continue working tonight, make a pond, a beach, plant a park. ” Such proposals serve for children as a program of creation, they are taught to treat the results of common labor with care.
In groups of older preschool age, children should have joint construction skills. For the children to come together in large subgroups, the buildings have interesting content and diversity in accordance with their skills and perceptions, a joint discussion of the work is necessary, so the educators encourage and direct the children first to negotiate the activities, then to plan them. At the same time, a particularly effective method in the joint construction of large associations of children is the suggestion to children to choose alternately foremen who learn to direct their common activities towards a common goal. An important educational task in the construction process in the preschool age is to give each child the opportunity to establish himself in that. that he can become a leader.
Teachers do not allow when the guys are aimlessly digging in the sand, while they are bored, when games with a negative content develop from boredom (they throw sand at each other, roll, bury themselves, etc.). Educators strive to organize children's activities in such a way that an active childish life, interesting and meaningful, boils in the sand.
The theme of the buildings of sand echoes the theme of the lessons on the construction of building materials and designers, which makes it possible to teach the children to build structures, making them from different materials.
In younger groups, caregivers teach the kids to rake sand into small piles with scoops and shovels, tamp them down, dig holes in the sand, apply sand to small low molds, and make cakes, gingerbread, cakes and other treats for dolls.
You can teach kids to build a booth for a toy dog. The teacher rakes the sand in a pile, seals it and makes it a deepening scoop at its base, offers the baby to put a dog in it. To teach to carry out a walk in the sand, advancing a plate lying flat on it and slightly pressing it to the sand. After that, together with the children, the tutor on the track makes hummocks (heaps) and pits, and the building is played up, for example, using folk poteshki. The teacher promotes the toy along the path, saying: (Over the bumps, over the bumps, along the smooth path into the hole - boo! ”
Toddlers continue to learn the technique of molding. The teacher shows how to take the full form, seal the sand in it, knock over it, where it is necessary to knock on it, how to lift it without damaging the little cake. Thus, cakes, towers, houses are formed. You can teach the guys to build slides. To do this, a heap of sand is poured, compacted, and with the help of a plate, slopes are laid on it (similar to the construction of a walkway). After that, you can teach the kids to build a bench, gates, table, chair, bridge (a plate is superimposed on one or two kulichika standing side by side). You can teach children to build fences: raking the sand from both sides with their hands and compacting it, gradually building on the structure in length towards itself.
In the middle group, teachers fix in children the ability to form various parts, constructing simple buildings, combining them with a common content, decorating buildings. You can teach the guys to build a high tower of three forms of different sizes. First, the base is molded - the largest detail, a smaller detail is mounted on it and the smallest tower completes the tower, which is decorated with a flag.
Guys continue to learn to build different slides on their own (high, low, wide, narrow), fences, fences, pens, etc. Kulichiki are placed at the same distance, and sticks are inserted between them, either somewhat in a row, or one at a time, horizontally, one end inserted into the side of one Kulichka, the other in the next.
Using cubic forms, children build houses, decorating with colored windows, pressing pieces of multi-colored plexiglass into the sand. (To keep the window better, top part it is pressed deeper). Especially the guys - they love to dig together in the sand heaps of tunnels on both sides, until they join hands inside the heap.
Children continue to build furniture, decorate the "rooms" with various additional materials. Educators encourage children to play with the building, if necessary, suggest plotting, help them develop.
Children senior group learn to build from sand more complex and large buildings. Educators explain how to cut houses, ships, cars, trains, pieces of furniture, etc. with the help of shovels or planks from a rammed pile. Children also develop the ability to organize the space, foresee the size and shape of the future structure.
The guys fit for molding a variety of materials. Large forms are constructed with the help of wooden frames, hollow cubes, cans without bottom, lengths of plastic pipes of large diameter (in this case, the form does not turn over, but is removed, rises up).
Children build high-rise buildings, palaces, chambers, theaters, rocket, build railways, build pools, lakes. At the same time, buildings are generously decorated with various materials and details. For example, cylindrical high-rise houses make with loggias, inserting identical pieces of plexiglass or plywood from the top down at the same distance, install television antennas made of colored wire on buildings, lay wires between the masts of street lamps. During the construction process, the guys combine different ways of working with sand.
Teachers encourage children to build on different topics (port, kindergarten, neighborhood, etc.), according to familiar fairy tales (for example, "The Frog Princess", "Rabbit Hut", "The Snow Queen", etc.) and play fabulous plots. Children are offered as models for the construction of photographs, drawings of various structures.
In the preparatory school group, children reinforce acquired skills. You can teach guys a new way to work with sand. The sand is poured into a bucket, mixed with water, then the children are invited to collect the “porridge-Malasha” they like to say in the palm of the hand and release it in a trickle, the sand lays down with patterns, thanks to this technique you can build high palaces, castles, towers and others structures cone-shaped, gradually increasing the building in height and width.
Carrying out the education of children, teachers rely more and more on their experience, knowledge, and skills, they strive to develop ingenuity, ingenuity, and creativity in children. Thus, acting, experimenting with sand and water, preschoolers sensibly, learn their qualities, and educators expand the concepts of children, their experience, form skills, educate.
Organization child creativity summer
, Senior Lecturer
department of Pedagogy and Methodology
preschool education mioo
The summer period should be used to organize a variety of manual labor. Children reinforce existing skills of working with various materials, learn how to make crafts for their games.
When working with children of younger preschool age, teachers often craft in the presence of children, prompting the kids to help (spread, attach, hold) and immediately made attributes, toys are offered to the kids for games.
With children of middle school age, educators make simple toys and attributes from paper, thin cardboard (handbags, boxes, binoculars, caps, boxes, reels, etc.). Children cut out details according to the markings made by the tutor, independently decorate crafts with elements of colored paper, pieces of cloth.
Older children of preschool age make toys from various materials, paper, cardboard, foam rubber, wire, fabric, etc., using their experience, developing it, acquiring new skills.
Teachers encourage the desire of children to make attributes for role-playing plot games (for example, for the game “Ship” - an anchor, lifebuoys, caps, signal flags, pipes, etc.), make dolls for theater from different materials, sew skirts, cape, aprons, hats, make crowns, belts and other elements, dress up and play fairy tales, make toys and attributes for kids (for example, to make crafts from paper on the principle of origami, papier-mâché, sew from fabric, weave from wire).
Summer is a good time to clean up the household in your group. Therefore, children of preschool age are attracted to repairing boxes, attributes, aids, books, doll clothes, sewing buttons, loops to towels and other work. And, of course, summertime can be used to prepare benefits, demonstration and handouts for the next school year, with the desire, for example, cut strips, cut out cardboard figures, paste elements on cards, print images with seals, make sultanas, put together bags and weave pigtails for physical education classes, etc.
Educators direct children's activities, contribute to the creation of necessary conditions for work, allocate certain places (on the veranda, in the gazebo, under a tree, under an umbrella), provide for convenient storage of materials (it is better to arrange them in boxes, so it’s more convenient to use materials on the other; boxes can be tied up and carried).
Since for summer period especially characteristic are games with sand, water and wind, let's take a closer look at what crafts can be taught to make preschoolers to organize these games.
For sand games, toys are made from materials that do not deteriorate from moisture (coils, foam rubber, foam plastic, colored oilcloth, wire, etc.). For example, children can weave rugs from a film in the manner of interlacing the warp with stripes. To make room for dolls, make furniture from rectangular milk bags, tents for tourists - from triangular, make flags and flagpoles, trees, road signs from oilcloth, from sticks and coils, cut little people, animals from foam rubber, etc.
For games with water, the guys will be able to make catamarans from triangular milk bags. Packages cut one of the sides, then unfold it so that a square pocket is formed and cut. Get one part of the catamaran. Then cut another in the same way. Sew both parts together, spread them apart and insert sticks.
For the manufacture of the ship will require two plates of foam: one thick - the base, the other thin - the upper deck and a piece of foam and a cubic shape, a few coils, pointed sticks and twine. At the plates, round the corners, place the coils, put a thin plate and, piercing it with chopsticks, passing them through the holes in the coils, connect it with a thick plate, deepening the sticks into it so that the parts are well sealed and the same lengths of sticks remain on top; tie sticks together with a string, putting them on each next loop. Then decorate the ship to your desire.
Swan is easy to make from a cubic foam piece. (Cut corners, shape the sphere into a piece, cut the neck with the head, wings and sew to the body.)
For the manufacture of an aircraft on water skis will require plates and pieces of foam. The parts can be fastened with the help of rods made of thin pointed sticks. Guys can be taught to tinker with funny swimmers who are cut from strips of pores 0lon. The sharp edges at the same time cut off, giving the figures rounded shapes. Facial features are knots (a needle is threaded into a needle, folded in half, a knot is made, foam is punctured in the sheet where the eye should be, the needle is drawn into the upper part of the head, the thread is slightly tensioned, fixed). A wig of thread is sewn on to the head. Guys can make foam buoys, whales, dolphins, sharks, octopuses and other toys.
To play with the wind, children can make different toys turntables. For their manufacture will need paper, cardboard and sticks, nails. The most simple to manufacture spinner from a square, incised from the corners to the center with curved and connected corners, nailed to a stick. Such turntables can be of different sizes and colors. They are nailed not only one by one but also several at once. For the game "Planes" you can offer the children to make rims with propellers, which can be worn on the head. The pinwheel is attached to the cardboard rim with the help of a piece of wire in the sheath (the pinwheel is folded, glued, then a puncture is made in its center and in the cardboard, a piece of wire is threaded into the hole and twisted in a spiral from both sides).
The pin can be made from a circle, folded into 8 parts, from 8 squares and circles. To the cardboard circle (to back side) the circles folded in half of one of the sides are glued, the second side of the circles is folded down - the “Sun” spinner is obtained.
Pincock "Cock" is made of a circle, folded into 8 pieces and notched. The head of the rooster is attached to the stick, which is glued between the two parts of the body and head, the tail is made of color film. The craft is nailed to a stick.
The pinwheel “Airplane” is made of cardboard. The body of the aircraft and the wings are glued together. The pinwheel is attached with a stud or wire (glued between two parts).
Summer is a fertile season for organizing work with natural material. This activity develops in children:
Interest and love for nature, respect for her;
Aesthetic responsiveness and artistic taste;
Creative imagination and design skills;
Dexterity, ingenuity;
The skill is expedient and careful to use the gifts of nature;
Diligence, perseverance, patience.
Through working with natural material, the child becomes acquainted with its properties, children develop fine motor skills of the hands, coordination of movements, etc.
The teacher organizes observations with nature in children, walks, excursions, collecting natural material, teaches children to collect natural material so as not to cause damage to nature: bark and bark are removed from fallen trees, sprigs are dry, and cones, seeds, leaves are fallen.
The educator attaches children to the collection of natural material, starting with younger group. These are various cones, seeds (lindens, maple, ash), roots, curved twigs, wood, mushrooms, bark, twigs, acorns, moss, straw, grass, ancient spila, leaves, dried flower petals, etc.
Stored natural material in boxes under the covers. If the boxes are large, they are divided inside into cells and used for the storage of shells, feathers, stones, acorns, various fine materials. Appropriate designations are stuck on the lid of the box so that the child can quickly find everything needed.
In the manufacture of handicrafts made of natural material, we recommend that you consider the following rules.
1. Do not use plasticine when designing, because such crafts are not durable, quickly lose their appearance, do not give a full opportunity to improve children's constructive skills.
2. Do not paint the natural material, as it is quite beautiful (our task is to teach children to emphasize its natural beauty!). It is much better to cover crafts with clear varnish to make them more durable and beautiful.
3. In the manufacture of handicrafts made of natural material should not use another material, such as paper, foam rubber, foam, etc. From this crafts loses its natural charm.
4. It should be used for crafts only the material that can no longer be used in food and which refers to waste (stones from fruit, shell from nuts, peel from oranges, husks from onions, garlic, seeds, etc.).
5. Do not use the material that can cause injury to the child or threaten his health - burdock, ears of corn, poisonous plants, raw eggshells.
6. Do not use too fragile, fragile material, which is easily damaged already in the process of work (whole egg shell).
The following tools are required for working with natural materials: a back plate; casein and PVA glue; napkin; tassel; pointed stick (stack); scissors.
AT preparatory group children are given knives with rounded ends, one for 2-3 children, working standing under the supervision of a caregiver (the knives are kept by the caregiver!), as well as an improvised awl, the point of which is made from a short nail (the length of the tip is 1-1.5 cm).
Developing in preschool children interest in natural material, the educator examines it with children, feels it, draws attention to its beauty, connects the details, asking the kids what it seems to encourage them to pick cones, acorns, chestnuts, attach them to each other, impose, fantasize, calling images. The teacher makes in the presence of children, asks the children to provide all possible assistance to themselves, connects to the activities of children of senior preschool age. Together with them organizes games with the resulting crafts. For example, it shows table theaters, plays in everyday role-playing games etc. Children themselves, under the guidance of an educator, will be able to make simple crafts, for example, if you glue the inside of the shell half with glue. walnut and put it on a cone - it will turn out a fungus, and if you stick a beard of moss to this craftwork, insert twigs in the cone scales, the fungus will turn into an old man - a little forest worker. If you insert a wand into a piece of bark, and you put a sail out of birch bark on it, you will get a boat, a boat, a raft, etc.
When working with children of older preschool age, teachers reinforce their acquired skills: they acquaint themselves with various types of natural material and teach them how to handle bonding. For example, children cleaned parts of broken off branches, give the necessary form to the bark, remove excess parts of the roots, cut out small plates of moss and lichen from the ground. They learn, under the supervision of a caregiver, to make an awl in fresh cones with an awl.
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