Why the delay in menstruation. Reasons other than pregnancy

A delay in menstruation, even one day, is always a warning sign. And it doesn't matter if a woman is planning a pregnancy or not. If menstruation does not start on time, it can be a serious violation. menstrual cycle.

Menstrual cycle

Ideally, a woman's menstrual cycle, or MC, should be regular and uninterrupted. It obeys the work of sex and pituitary hormones and has a well-defined structure.

MC begins with monthly bleeding, which can last from 3 to 7 days. In the middle of the cycle, the egg is released from the follicle - ovulation. The period from the first day of menstruation to the onset of ovulation is called the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. The second half of the MC is called the luteal phase, and progesterone regulates all processes occurring in the female reproductive system at this time.

The menstrual cycle is considered ideal if it lasts 28-30 days. It is this duration that is taken as the basis for all calculations. However, in most cases, its duration varies widely. Normal for the MC can be a period of both 23 and 35 days. Anything that goes beyond these boundaries is referred to as pathology.

Delayed menstruation

The concept of "delayed menstruation" is quite vague, especially when it comes to a period of 1-2 days. It is possible to accurately determine that menstruation is delayed only with a regular menstrual cycle. So, if a woman's monthly bleeding starts regularly every time, even the first day of delay can make her nervous.

If there are some hormonal problems, and the menstrual cycle lasts 28 days in one month, and 33 in the other, it is difficult to talk about the delay. However, after 35 days and in this situation, you can start sounding the alarm.

As a rule, we are not talking about delays, even with a large delay in menstruation in the first year after their appearance. This is the period when the menstrual cycle is just being established, and its duration can be very different, up to one and a half to two months.

Reasons for the delay

Menstruation is delayed different reasons. These may be physiological changes or the influence of pathological factors. Most often, the following processes lead to a violation of the menstrual cycle:

• Pregnancy.
• Prolonged stress.
• Overwork.
• A sharp change in the situation and climate, time zone.
• Malnutrition, including following popular weight loss diets.
• Normalization of the menstrual cycle in adolescence.
• Premenopause.
• Concomitant diseases - SARS, influenza, colds and others.
• Usage medicines.
• Diseases of the gynecological sphere - inflammatory processes, endometriosis, neoplasms.
• Hormonal disorders.

If the delay is 1-2 days, it is difficult to understand what exactly caused the violation of the menstrual cycle. As a rule, with gynecological or dyshormonal diseases, there are other symptoms:

1. Change in menstruation - scanty or heavy periods.
2. Blood smearing in the middle of the cycle. There may be intermenstrual bleeding.
3. Pain in the lower back or lower abdomen.
4. Excess hair.
5. Obesity.
6. Acne.
7. Problems with conception.

If none of the above signs are present, it is likely that the delay in menstruation is physiological in nature. And the first thing to think about in such a situation is pregnancy.

Pregnancy

Pregnancy should always be assumed when the delay in menstruation was preceded by sexual intercourse. Even a delay of 1 day can indicate it. It does not matter whether the couple was protected during sex or not, and which method they chose to protect themselves. No method will give a full guarantee that conception has not occurred.

As soon as the sperm fertilizes the egg, hormonal changes begin in the woman's body. First of all, progesterone, human chorionic gonadotropin and prolactin are actively produced. These hormones prepare the uterine cavity for implantation gestational sac and development of the embryo.

The inner layer - the endometrium - is not rejected, as in a normal cycle, and menstruation does not occur. That is why the delay of menstruation is hallmark pregnancy.

In addition, there are signs that may indirectly indicate successful conception with a delay of 1-2 days.

Signs of pregnancy

The probability of pregnancy is higher if a woman, in addition to a delay, has a number of characteristic symptoms. These primarily include:

• Nausea - morning or during the day.
• Vomit.
• Aching pain in the back.
• Engorgement and pain in the chest.
• Appetite changes.
• Frequent urination without pain, burning or cutting.
• Irritability or tearfulness.
• Increased sensitivity to odors.
• Change in taste.
• Aversion to certain foods.
• Constant sleepiness.

These signs can be observed in various combinations, but, as a rule, at least two or three are found in most women.

However, even if, apart from a delay of 1-2 days, a woman is not bothered by anything else, pregnancy cannot be ruled out. And in this situation, it is better to use more reliable methods to confirm it.

Confirmation of pregnancy

The first thing any woman resorts to when she suspects possible pregnancy, - buying a test in a pharmacy. This is a paper indicator that reacts to a certain concentration in the urine of a specific hormone - human chorionic gonadotropin.

If the test is positive, then the reason for even a small delay is clearly a successful conception. The indicators are designed in such a way that they practically do not give false positive results.

But with false negatives, the situation is different. With a one-day delay, the absence of two strips on the test still does not mean anything, even if the most highly sensitive indicator was purchased.

There are many reasons why pregnancy is not diagnosed so early. They include late ovulation, low hormone levels at the time of testing, improper use of the device.

But if a woman is sure that the probability of pregnancy is high, you can simply repeat the test in a few days. A more reliable diagnostic method would be a blood test.

Blood test

There is an analysis that allows you to detect pregnancy even with a one-day delay. It is highly sensitive, informative and reliable. The probability of error in performing this study is negligible.

We are talking about the definition of chorionic hormone in the blood. Since it begins to be produced already from the 5-7th day of conception, by the time of the expected delay, its level will be high enough for positive result. Moreover, this analysis even shows the estimated gestational age.

Many women believe that it is more correct to perform an ultrasound of the uterus with a delay of 1-2 days. But this opinion is wrong. In order for the doctor to be able to see the fetal egg with a conventional sensor, at least 5 weeks are needed. And the use of vaginal access on early dates in modern medicine not welcome unless absolutely necessary.

The delay of menstruation for one or two days may well be a harmless physiological phenomenon. However, it often becomes a sign of pregnancy or the onset of a serious illness. The best way out in such a situation would be to consult a doctor.

“You are waiting for the day, the second, the third, but there is still no menstruation and no. Strange, because they almost always came on time. Is this a delay or pregnancy?

A familiar situation for many women, isn't it? The absence of menstruation at the expected time suggests pregnancy, if, of course, it is possible. Some women suffer in conjecture, hoping for an early motherhood, while others, on the contrary, are afraid of an unplanned conception. However, there is something that unites them all - the desire to find out if we are talking about a delay or pregnancy?

The question, delay or pregnancy, is not relevant in such cases:

• If there are signs of pregnancy during a gynecological examination / ultrasound examination of the uterus;
• If surgical sterilization / extirpation of the uterus is performed;
• In the absence of sexual activity.

IMPORTANT! It should be remembered that pregnancy can occur both during menopause and when using contraceptives (any!). Only a doctor can distinguish a delay from pregnancy, after examination and a thorough examination.

Delay or pregnancy? Symptoms in favor of conception.

With a regular menstrual cycle, no hormonal disorders and diseases reproductive system You can suspect the onset of pregnancy with a delay in menstruation by the following signs:

Pharmacy test with a "+" sign.

Most pregnancy tests are effective from the seventh day after conception. Do not forget that the reliability of the test can be affected by factors such as:

• improper storage, expired test;
• kidney disease in a woman;
• testing not in the morning;
• a large amount of liquid drunk on the eve of a pregnancy test.

Raise basal body temperature(over 37°C).

Vomiting, nausea in the morning (a sign is typical for an early period, starting from 2-3 weeks of delay in pregnancy).

Drowsiness, weakness and fatigue (against the background of hormonal changes in the body, namely, an increase in the concentration of progesterone).

Changes in the mammary glands (increased sensitivity, engorgement, soreness, pigmentation of the nipples).

Pulling pains in the lower abdomen, lumbar region (may indicate a threat of early termination of pregnancy!).

meager bloody issues on the expected day of menstruation (one of the signs of the introduction of the fetal egg into the endometrium of the uterus).

Frequent urination, constipation (the growing uterus puts pressure on adjacent organs, disrupting physiological processes).

Change in taste preferences, increase / decrease in appetite.

Exacerbation of the sense of smell, including intolerance to strong odors.

IMPORTANT! All of the above signs are indirect. For confirmation developing pregnancy you should seek help from a women's clinic.

Delay outside of pregnancy. When it's possible?

The onset of pregnancy is not always the cause of delayed menstruation in a woman. In most cases, the violation of the menstrual cycle is a consequence of:

• Transferred stress (for example, against the background of divorce, dismissal, exams, etc.);
• High physical activity(exhausting workouts, physically hard work);
• Compliance with a very strict diet (lack of important nutrients, minerals and trace elements involved in the synthesis of sex hormones);
• Changes in climatic conditions;
• Severe/prolonged illness;
• Infectious and inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs (urogenital infections, exacerbation of chronic adnexitis, etc.);
• Endocrine disorders (endometriosis, uterine fibroids, polycystic ovaries, etc.);
• Termination of pregnancy (medical abortion, miscarriage, habitual miscarriage, which are accompanied by curettage of the uterine cavity);
• Ovarian dysfunction in menopause (in women over 40 years old);
• Taking certain medications ( oral contraceptives, as well as drugs used as a therapy for endometriosis).

Delay or pregnancy? What to do with it?

First of all, don't panic. It doesn't matter, it simple delay or pregnancy, in any situation it is necessary to think soberly and remain calm. It is especially common to sound the alarm for young girls who have recently begun an intimate life and are not yet ready for conscious motherhood.

If menstruation lags behind the usual schedule by only 1-3 days, expectant tactics should be preferred. In the event of pregnancy with a delay of several days, even ultrasound procedure the uterine cavity often turn out to be uninformative, due to the short gestational age.

If your period was supposed to start about 5-7 days ago, using a pharmacy test at home is likely to clarify the situation. Further tactics will depend on the result of a pregnancy test with a delay.

If the delay in menstruation is more than 7 days, you should contact your gynecologist at the antenatal clinic.

Contraceptive use, management healthy lifestyle life, compliance with the regime of work and rest will help get rid of the ever-emerging questions about delay and pregnancy. In any case, if signs of pregnancy appear, it is recommended to consult a doctor.

Pregnancy from the very first week leaves its mark on the condition of a woman. After the fertilized egg attaches to the wall of the uterus, hormonal changes begin in the woman's body.

They are manifested by certain symptoms by which pregnancy can be diagnosed at an early stage.

The most favorable time for conception is the period of ovulation, which occurs in the middle of the menstrual cycle. Ovulation occurs when the follicle ruptures and the egg is ready for fertilization.

If for some reason the menstrual cycle has failed, the timing of ovulation may shift and conception may occur earlier or later than the middle of the cycle.

The mature ovum enters fallopian tube in which the spermatozoa are located. The most active of them penetrates the shell of the egg and fertilizes it. Then it begins to move towards the uterine cavity. Along the way, the egg divides and by the time it enters the uterus turns into a fetal egg, consisting of several hundred cells.

Implantation of the fetal egg occurs 7-10 days after ovulation.

After entering the uterus, the fetal egg does not immediately attach to its wall, but is in a “suspended” state for 2 days. During this time, it prepares the surface of the uterus for implantation by relaxing its tissues. This is necessary so that the walls of the uterus do not reject the foreign body.

Attachment is more common back wall uterus, since it is thicker, many vessels are concentrated in it and Better conditions for the development of the embryo.

Implantation can fail for a number of reasons:

• hormonal failure (change in the concentration of progesterone, estrogen, glucocorticosteroids, prolactin, etc.);
• unpreparedness of the endometrium (uterine mucosa) for implantation. The thickness of the endometrium for the successful attachment of the fetal egg must be at least 7 mm;
• myoma ( benign tumor) uterus.

If the fertilized egg fails to establish itself, menstruation will begin, and it will leave the uterus along with the menstrual flow.

Hormonal changes after implantation

After the attachment of the fetal egg, the active work of the body begins, aimed at the proper development of the child.

The woman faces hormonal changes which affects the functioning of all body systems.

In place of the bursting follicle, it appears - this is a temporary formation responsible for the production of progesterone.

Progesterone is a hormone necessary for the implantation of a fertilized egg and the normal development of pregnancy. Job disruption corpus luteum may lead to miscarriage or.

During the division of a fertilized egg, the rudiments of the future embryo appear and membranes(chorion). The chorion produces a special hormone - chorionic gonadotropin (hCG).

By the presence of this hormone in the blood, it is possible to assume the onset of pregnancy with a high degree of probability. In rare cases, it is not associated with pregnancy, but with certain diseases.

Subjective first signs before delay

The first signs of pregnancy before the delay are based on the feelings of the woman.

They are characteristic of pregnancy, but their severity may be different: in some women they appear more strongly, in others they are completely absent. And it doesn’t matter which pregnancy is the first, second or third, any woman can feel the early signs of pregnancy, regardless of age, nationality, social status, etc.

Even before a missed period, the first sign of pregnancy can be chest pain. They appear at 1-2 weeks of pregnancy.

The chest swells, becomes more sensitive, any touch causes pain.

The initial sign of pregnancy before the delay may be increased pigmentation of the nipples. This symptom does not always appear, in some cases women do not feel any discomfort in the chest.

Another one so to speak folk sign pregnancy, there may be slight spotting from the genital tract.

The process of attaching the egg to the wall of the uterus may be accompanied by implantation bleeding -.

A woman may mistake them for premenstrual flow. They can last from several hours to days.

changed hormonal background becomes, which causes apathy, loss of strength and drowsiness.

Such early signs of pregnancy can accompany a woman throughout the first trimester of pregnancy. Added to this are changes to emotional state pregnant: there is tearfulness, irritability and anxiety.

Many women are concerned about the malaise that is characteristic of colds: headache, feeling of weakness, discharge from the nose, .

These symptoms are caused by a temporary weakening of the immune system, which is characteristic of early pregnancy.

If a woman goes to a doctor about being unwell, she needs to inform him about a possible conception.

This will allow the doctor to choose drugs that are safe in early pregnancy.

Accelerated blood circulation in the pelvic organs and a change in the functioning of the kidneys cause frequent urination. If it is accompanied by pulling or cutting pain, you should immediately consult a doctor. In this case, frequent urination may be a sign of a urinary tract infection.

During pregnancy, blood flow to the pelvic organs increases, and the growth of the uterus begins.

An increase in the size of the uterus may be accompanied by a feeling of "fullness" in the abdomen, painful sensations and tingling in the uterus.

Diarrhea may be the primary sign of pregnancy before a delay.

Diarrhea is non-infectious and resolves quickly. Thus, the body reacts to the stress caused by pregnancy.

Do not worry about this - after a while the chair will recover. According to statistics, local disorders of the gastrointestinal tract in 65% of cases are clear signs of pregnancy before the delay.

Looseness of the cervix, reduced turgor of the muscles of the vagina. This is due to the action of progesterone, which helps to relax muscle tissue.

Without waiting for an examination by a gynecologist, you can conduct a self-examination: insert a finger into the vagina and assess muscle tone. On palpation in the event of pregnancy, the muscles will appear "boiled".

Unusual signs of pregnancy include a change in taste preferences, excessive tearfulness, flatulence, heartburn, and decreased visual acuity.

Despite the abundance of signs that indirectly indicate pregnancy, you may not experience any signs at all other than a delay.

Personal experience

To begin with, I am a mother of 3 children and all 3 pregnancies were, therefore, from the very first days after conception, I listened to my body and carefully monitored all the changes that were taking place.

I would like to clarify that the early signs of pregnancy, which can occur 1-2 weeks after conception, are so subjective (even for one woman) that it is not worth trying on all the feelings of other people.

So, for the first time, the earliest sign indicating pregnancy was pain in the mammary glands. The chest swelled, became very sensitive and hurt so much that it was impossible to lie on the stomach. This was not the case before. The chest, of course, hurt, but not much. It was this fact that prompted me, and he gave.

The planning of the second pregnancy stretched for as much as six months. Health was all right. Before planning a pregnancy, my husband and I passed. But for some reason the test failed. I listened to my own body, and when my chest started to hurt, I ran for the test, but the results were negative. So during the next cycle after ovulation, I noticed that the chest does not hurt at all.

To be honest, I thought that this time the body decided to take a break and reward me with an anovulatory cycle. My chest never started to hurt. This time I didn't even take the test. However, this cycle ended with pregnancy. And I did the test after the delay, and it showed a red bright second strip.

Moreover, a few days after ovulation, I started having cystitis on the background. I successfully cured cystitis with Monural, and after 2 weeks I found out that I was pregnant. I don’t know if you can call cystitis and a cold early signs pregnancy. But I'm glad that taking the antibiotic did not affect the child in any way.

The third time I got pregnant again the first time. Moreover, the pregnancy occurred immediately in the next cycle after the cancellation of OK "Regulon". This time the chest was normal. Slightly began to swell after ovulation. In principle, nothing foreshadowed pregnancy.

However, this time I set aside for myself the day when the embryo transfer was supposed to take place. On this day, the whole body was wadded, I wanted to lie down all the time and. By the way, this time the test did not show pregnancy before the delay. A weak second strip appeared the second time on the 2nd day of delay.

So, even for one woman, each new pregnancy manifests itself differently.

Xenia, 34.

Objective signs of pregnancy before delay

One of the reliable signs of pregnancy before the delay is considered to be an increase in basal temperature (temperature in the rectum) above 37 ˚С.

The obtained measurement results may be correct under certain conditions.

Basal temperature is measured in the morning, immediately after waking up, without getting out of bed. Prior to this, the woman should lie down for at least 6 hours.

You can not measure earlier than 2 hours after intercourse, as the results will be incorrect.

The onset of pregnancy can be judged by the level of the hCG hormone. At home, its level in the urine is determined using special tests.

In early pregnancy, a second faint strip may appear on the test. In this case, it is necessary to repeat the tests for several days and monitor the change in the brightness of the bands.

If the gestational age is short, home tests can be given, that is, implantation has already occurred, but the level of hCG is still insufficient to determine it in the urine.

For correct results in the early stages, it is better to use with a sensitivity of 10 mIU / ml.

A false negative result can be for other reasons:

• the test was damaged or expired;
• non-morning urine was used;
• on the eve of the test, the woman drank a lot of liquid or took diuretics;
• kidney disease;

If pregnancy is suspected but a home test is negative, a blood test is needed.

In it, hCG is determined earlier than in urine. Blood for analysis is taken from a vein, the analysis is taken in the morning on an empty stomach or 4-5 hours after eating at other times of the day.

To confirm the result, it is necessary to take hCG in dynamics. In the case of a normal uterine pregnancy, the level of the hCG hormone in the blood will constantly rise.

After the first signs of pregnancy appear, it is necessary to wait for the delay of the menstrual cycle and consult a doctor.

He will prescribe an ultrasound, which will unequivocally allow you to establish the fact of pregnancy and determine its development (uterine, developing or frozen).

Any girl needs to know how many days of delay indicate pregnancy. This will ensure you don't miss out on the an important event in life and get registered in the antenatal clinic.

stress emotional exhaustion vitamins
menstrual cycle Saturation of the body Passing the test
insidious disease thrush, which is the cause of delayed menstruation Delayed onset of menstruation due to polycystic stress

When did you start to lead sexual life, you should consult a doctor who will tell you in detail how many days the delay in menstruation lasts when pregnancy occurs.

In order not to worry about how many days there should be a delay in menstruation during pregnancy, you need to immediately buy a test. Modern tests allow you to determine pregnancy from the first days of its onset. If the tool showed two stripes, then you can be congratulated.

But sometimes the tests are wrong, so you need to contact a gynecologist.

Passing a test to exclude or confirm pregnancy

Possible other reasons

A missed period does not always indicate pregnancy. Sometimes menstruation comes later due to other reasons. These include.

1. Consequences of abortion.
2. Taking hormones.
3. Stress.
4. Diet.
5. Diseases of the genital organs.
6. Sport.

After termination of pregnancy, the general hormonal background is disturbed. Menstruation after an abortion usually begins after 40 days. You need to understand that this should not be so, so if you encounter this problem, immediately consult a gynecologist. The doctor will do tests and prescribe hormonal treatment.

One reason is stress.

Sometimes a girl worries, counts how many days the delay lasts, and the point is not pregnancy, but taking hormonal birth control pills. The task of contraceptives is to suppress ovulation, and this causes the syndrome of "ovarian hyperinhibition". In order to confirm ovarian dysfunction, the doctor either completely cancels oral contraceptives or prescribes others.

Long-term and short-term stress can provoke an ovulatory anomaly, resulting in a delay in menstruation even in the absence of pregnancy. Problems come when:

• severe shock;
• emotional turmoil;
• severe physical and emotional fatigue.

Also, climate change can be a reason for delay.

Many girls strive to lose weight with the help of diets. However, fasting deprives the body of valuable substances and essential vitamins. The result is a hormonal imbalance.

emotional exhaustion

Exist special term"critical menstrual weight". The first menstruation occurs only if the teenager has gained the required number of kilograms. If a mature woman begins to lose weight a lot, menstruation may simply stop.

Therefore, if you are on a strict diet, and there is a delay, you should not count how many days it happens during pregnancy. Start eating well.

Pathologies of the genital organs often cause disruptions in the menstrual cycle. The culprit is:

• polycystic ovaries;
• inflammation of the appendages;
• uterine myoma.

If these diseases are not treated, serious complications can occur, the worst of which is female infertility.

Failure of the menstrual cycle

A delay in menstruation in the absence of pregnancy for several days is sometimes caused by sports. But only if you lift weights or prefer strength training. In this case, menstruation occurs later by a maximum of five days.

Body care and proper nutrition

As soon as it became clear how many days of delay you can determine the exact gestational age, and you realized that you were expecting a baby, you need to start carefully monitoring yourself. It is very important to eat right, take care of yourself and prepare for childbirth.

After a delay in menstruation and the onset of pregnancy, serious changes begin in the body, to which you will have to adapt.

1. The heart works with increased load, the volume of the lungs increases.
2. Due to changes in the digestive organs, a woman feels nausea and vomiting.
3. The joints of the pelvis begin to transform, so some pregnant women may acquire a "duck" gait.
4. Transformations also take place on a psychological level. The mood of a woman falls under the influence of hormones and is constantly changing.

Don't neglect body care. Of course, women in position should not visit a solarium, spend a lot of time on the beach and regularly exhaust themselves in complex fitness workouts, but special exercises will not hurt.

There are programs for pregnant women that prepare the body for childbirth:

• today you can enroll in special centers where classes are held in adapted aqua aerobics, gymnastics, childbirth;
• you can practice dancing if they are conducted by a qualified trainer.

Pay attention to massage. Naturally not anti-cellulite, even if you notice orange peel on the hips. Exist special programs massage, which differ from the classical one in that they exclude vigorous rubbing. Only relaxing, stroking techniques are used.

It is important to observe proper diet. Choose only healthy foods that are essential for you and your baby.

Regardless of the duration of pregnancy, you need to adhere to certain nutritional principles. There are several.

1. Give up alcohol, fried, spicy.
2. Reduce your intake of fat, salt, and fluids.
3. Eat regularly.
4. Prepare fresh meals for every meal.

In the first half of the term, you need to eat 4-5 times a day in small portions in certain time. Dinner should be three hours before bedtime, otherwise gastrointestinal tract have to deal with overload.

All foods that pregnant women need to eat are divided into six groups.

1. Vegetables.
2. Poultry, fish, meat, eggs.
3. Fats.
4. pasta, bakery product, potatoes, sugar, cereals.
5. Milk, cottage cheese, dairy products.
6. Fruits, berries.

The use of vitamins

From the fourth month, the baby begins to develop intensively, so he needs to eat more proteins. Eat more sprouted grains, nuts, vegetables, herbs, and fruits. AT without fail from the diet should be excluded:

• products with dyes and aromatic additives: soda, strong tea, coffee;
• salted, dried fish;
• half-cooked and raw meat;
• fatty meat, mayonnaise;
• spicy and spicy dishes that negatively affect the gastrointestinal tract;
• fried food requiring a large number energy, digestive juices and difficult to digest.

What can harm the baby?

Once you have figured out how many days of delay definitely indicates pregnancy, you need to determine the factors that can affect the development of the fetus. There are several of them:

• x-ray radiation;
• smoking, drug addiction, alcoholism;
• mother's illnesses: pathology thyroid gland, diabetes;
• viral infections: mumps, thrush, rubella, polio, influenza, measles, hepatitis.

Women after a few days of delay in menstruation and during pregnancy are forbidden to independently select medications. Only a doctor knows how this or that mechanism can affect the development of the fetus. The most, at first glance, harmless medicines can pose a threat to the fetus.

Don't listen to girlfriends who claim to have taken any pills. If the medicine does not affect their baby, then in your case everything may turn out differently and turn into serious complications.

Be sure to protect yourself from viral diseases, for example, sore throats or flu. In order to avoid infection of the sore by airborne droplets, you should wear a gauze bandage.

During the period of mass infection, you need to fully eat, consume vitamins, and avoid crowded places. Sometimes pregnant women are sent for x-rays. Talk to your healthcare provider. You may have to either cancel the study or replace it with another one.

Saturation of the body useful properties fruits and vegetables

During pregnancy, you need to forget about alcohol. Even low-alcohol drinks can harm your baby. The same goes for smoking. One puff, sometimes, rewards with serious consequences. Your baby's health is more important than bad habits.

In children of a smoking mother, changes in the auditory nerve often occur. Nicotine negatively affects the brain, liver and lungs of the fetus.

Alcohol can cause a huge number of irreversible complications:

• heart defects;
• dementia;
• various deformities.

Psychological comfort of a woman

It is very important to properly adjust yourself and mentally prepare for childbirth. Try to be less nervous. If you are stressed by communication with any acquaintances or relatives, it is best to exclude meetings with them.

Sometimes relatives only escalate the situation. They decide for themselves to calculate how many days you have a delay and whether the pregnancy has occurred. Stop these attempts in every possible way if they cause discomfort.

Find like-minded people. Now there are many forums on the Internet where pregnant girls have the opportunity to communicate with each other, share experiences about how many days a delay should be in order to be sure of pregnancy. But you should not constantly be in front of the computer, as this can harm the baby.

Many pregnant women have nesting syndrome. As soon as they calculated how many days the delay lasts and realized that they are pregnant, they immediately begin to actively equip their home, buy new things. Do not deny yourself this desire. Items dear to the heart will help you survive a joyful, but difficult period of life.