The categories of adjectives by meaning are a table with examples. The concept of an adjective

Date: 01.10.2019

Stefanova Larisa Mikhailovna, teacher of Russian language and literature, State Educational Institution of the Republic of Kazakhstan "Republican Center of Education", Syktyvkar, Komi Republic

Categories of adjectives by meaning

Textbook: " Russian language ", grade 6. Authors Baranov M.T., Ladyzhenskaya T.A., Trostentsova L.A. Textbook for educational institutions in two parts. Moscow, "Education", 2015.

The purpose of the lesson: the formation of the concept of the categories of adjectives.

Tasks:

Obuzzing:

- to acquaint students with the categories of adjectives, their distinctive features;

developing:

- to form students' ability to determine the category of adjectives;

- develop students' spelling and punctuation skills;

educational:

- foster interest in the Russian language as an academic subject.

Cognitive UUD:

- ability to work with information;

- use of sign-symbolic means, general schemes solutions;

- performing logical operations (comparison, analysis, generalization, establishing analogies).

Regulatory UUD:

- drawing up a plan and sequence of actions;

- self-control, correction of knowledge, abilities and skills;

- awareness of the quality and level of assimilation.

Communicative UUD:

- the ability to express one's thoughts, to build an oral statement taking into account the sphere and situation of communication, to participate in a conversation, discussion;

- the ability to draw conclusions, generalize, argue your point of view.

Equipment: computer, multimedia projector, screen, lesson presentation created in the program Power point 2003.

During the classes:

Organizing time.

Blitz-survey on the topic "Adjectives":

What questions does the adjective answer?

What is the general grammatical meaning adjectives.

How do adjectives change?

What syntactic role do adjectives play in a sentence?

What degrees of comparison does an adjective have? How are they formed?

Communication of the topic and purpose of the lesson.

- Guys! Today we will continue our acquaintance with the adjective. Write down the topic of the lesson. Slide 1.

Observation of the language material.

Exercise: write out phrases like “adj. + noun ", to determine the gender, number and case of adjectives. Slide 2.

Winter came and covered the badger mink with a deep snowdrift.

badger mink

deep snowdrift

snowdrift (m., unit. h., Tv. p.)

Clustering.

Slide 3. Qualitative adjectives.

Which adjective denotes a feature (quality) of an object, which can be in this object to a greater or lesser extent?

Which adjective has degrees of comparison?

What adjective form short form?

What adjective can be combined with an adverb VERY?

Which adjective is repetitive to form complex adjectives?

What adjective do adjectives with the prefix NOT form?

All of these features are inherent in the adjective DEEP... This is a quality adjective.

What signs (qualities) can denote qualitative adjectives?

Slides 4-11 are shown, examples are given:

color - red ball,

size - tall house,

shape - round apple,

age - a young man,

the inner qualities of a person are a brave knight,

the state of mind of a person is a cheerful girl,

taste - sour lemon,

qualities giving general characteristics subject - an interesting book.

Slide 12. Relative adjectives.

Which of the adjectives denotes a feature of an object that cannot be more or less? Indicates the material of which the item is made? Has no degrees of comparison, a short form and does not combine with the adverb VERY? ( SNOW)

Quite right guys. This is a relative adjective.

Relative adjectives can denote the material from which the object is made, the object consists, the spatial, temporal signs of the object, characterize the object by action.

Slides 13-16. The meanings of relative adjectives (examples):

material - clay jug,

time is winter day,

place is a mountain river,

action - swimming pool.

Slide 17. Possessive adjectives.

And we still have one more adjective - BADGER... It's a possessive adjective.

Why do you think possessive adjectives got this name? What questions do possessive adjectives answer, and what do they mean? (Possessive adjectives denote the belonging of something to a person or an animal and answer the questions Whose? Whose? Whose? Whose?).

What suffixes do possessive adjectives have? (-OV (-EV), -IN (-YN), -II).

5. Primary anchoring. Practicing the skills and abilities of students.

Exercise 1. Write down sentences by inserting missing letters and spelling where the gaps are. Read expressively excerpts from poems by Russian poets; remember their names and authors. Find adjectives, determine their rank.

1. Lingonberry ripens,
The days have become x ... cooler,
And from the birds ... his cry
In the middle ... it became sad ... her.

(K. D. Balmont "Autumn")

2. Smell of winter cold
To fields and forests.
Bright purple lit
The skies are before sunset.

(I. A. Bunin "First Snow")

3. Under the g ... luby skies
In ... gorgeous carpets,
Bl ... stea in the sun, the snow lies.

(A. Pushkin "Winter Morning")

Checking the completion of the task. Slides 18-20.

Task 2. Working with the textbook. Exercise execution 341 (p. 17). Slide 21.

Determine the category of the resulting adjectives. Prove your opinion. (These are qualitative adjectives, since they form complex adjectives by repetition).

Task 3. Form adjectives from these nouns, make up phrases like “adj. + n. "; determine the category of adjectives. Slide 22.

fox - ... (fox hole - possessive);

stone - ... (stone house - relative);

happiness - ... (happy child - high quality);

bear - ... (bear den - possessive);

evening -… (evening twilight - relative);

run - … ( treadmill- relative);

sea - ... (sea coast - relative);

mom - ... (mom's umbrella - possessive).

Checking the completion of the task. Slide 23.

Say the words LEE WITH LYA , MEDVE F LYA. What sounds do you hear in place of the highlighted letters? What is the function of b? (Dividing b)

Task 4. Working with the textbook. Exercise execution 350 (p. 22). Slide 24.

Punctuation in direct speech (incidental repetition). Work on schemes:

6. Summing up the lesson. Reflection. Assessment of the work of students in the lesson by the teacher. Self-assessment using the "Unfinished sentence" technique (slide 25):

1) Today in the lesson I learned ...

2) I was ... (difficult, difficult, easy, interesting, etc.).

3) I learned ...

7. Homework. Exercise 344, 349.

Slides 26-27. Used Internet sources.

In this lesson, you will expand your knowledge of adjective names, learn about the categories of adjectives by meaning.

Subject: Name adjective

Lesson: Adjectives by Meaning

1. Features adjectives

We know that every word in a language belongs to one or another part of speech. On what grounds can one distinguish an adjective from other parts of speech?

1. Adjectives answer questions which? whose?

2. Adjectives denote a feature of an object

3. Adjectives refer to nouns and agree with them in number and case, and in singular- and kind

We have now named common features adjectives.

2. Categories of adjectives

Adjectives have such properties that allow us to divide them into three large groups. Or, as we say, discharges.

Let's pick up adjectives for the word pencil.

Thin,

small,

beautiful

wood,

plastic.

If we asked our sister Masha for a pencil, then we can say that it Machines or sisters.

Look at the last adjectives. They answer the question whose? Such adjectives are called possessive... They indicate the belonging of the item to someone.

The adjectives we named first ( thin, small, beautiful), - quality... They designate the qualities of an object, that is, those signs that can manifest themselves in an object to a greater or lesser extent. It can be color, size, shape, and so on.

Adjectives of the second group ( wooden, plastic) are called relative... They denote a feature of an object that cannot be expressed to a greater or lesser extent. These adjectives designate the material from which the object is made, the attribute of the object in time or place of its existence, the attribute of the object for its intended purpose, and more. When using such adjectives in phrases, we can easily replace them with nouns.

For example:

Wood house - a house made of wood

Winter day - winter day

3. How to define the category of an adjective?

Determining which category the adjective belongs to is quite simple. To do this, you need to perform the following algorithm:

1. Ask a question:

If the adjective answers the question whose?, before us is a possessive adjective.

But if the adjective answers the question which?, go to the next step.

2. Form a short form on behalf of the adjective or any degree of comparison.

If you can do it, then we have a quality adjective.

And if not, then relative.

Let's try to determine the categories of adjectives from the quatrain:

From evil wolf -

V earthen crack.

By cold dew -

TO sly fox.

For convenience, we can put adjectives in the nominative singular.

Evil(which?). Trying to form degrees of comparison: the meanest, the most evil.

This means that we have a quality adjective in front of us.

Earthen (which?). Trying to form degrees of comparison. One mink cannot be more earthy than another. Yes, and it will not work to form a short form from this adjective. This is a relative adjective.

Adjectives cold and sly also high quality, because they answer the question which? and from them it is possible to form the degrees of comparison ( coldest, most cunning).

Is it possible to determine the category of adjectives by their morphemic composition? Sometimes you can. The point is that the suffixes an, yan, yenn are used when we form adjectives from nouns denoting material, substance. These will be relative adjectives: skins an th.

But if there are no suffixes in the adjective at all, then we have a qualitative adjective. For example , quick.

Adjectives of all three categories can move from one category to another. But only when they are used figuratively. For example:

Gold ring. In this case, the adjective golden relative. But in the phrase golden character adjective gold will be of high quality, as it denotes the quality of a person.

Wolf fall. In this case, we have before us a possessive adjective. But in the phrase wolf coat this adjective acts as a relative, because it indicates the material from which the object is made.

Some relative adjectives were so often used in speech in the sense of qualitative that they gradually completely lost their original meaning and now in modern Russian we perceive only as qualitative. This way, for example, have passed the adjectives stormy, outrageous and many others.

4. Qualitative adjectives

Qualitative adjectives differ from relative and possessive names at all language levels.

1. Designate a sign that can manifest itself in an object to a greater or lesser extent

2. May have antonyms: evil / kind

3. Always non-derivative

But the possessive and relative are always derived, that is, they are formed from nouns, adjectives, verbs.

4. From quality adjectives you can form nouns of abstract meaning: rigor

And adverbs in - O: strictly.

Adjectives with subjective suffixes: blue, feisty.

5. Only they can have degrees of comparison and a short form.

6. Only they can be combined with the adverbs of measure and degree: very big, very strict

5. Formation of relative and possessive adjectives

Relative adjectives are derived from nouns, verbs, and adverbs. The most common suffixes for their formation are the suffixes - l-, for example, fluent; -sk-, for example, human; -in- - poplar; -ov- - hedgehog; -n- - forest.

Possessive adjectives are derived only from nouns. Using suffixes - ui- - fox, -ov- - fathers, -in- - mother's.

Bibliography

Russian language. Grade 6: Baranov M.T. and others - M .: Education, 2008.
Russian language. Theory. 5-9 grades: V.V. Babaytseva, L. D. Chesnokova - M .: Bustard, 2008.
Russian language. 6th grade: ed. MM. Razumovskaya, P.A. Lekanta - M .: Bustard, 2010.

About the categories of adjectives ().
Additional tasks ().

Homework

Distribute adjectives according to categories (qualitative, relative, possessive).

Tin Soldier, Pewter Eyes, Cold Day, Long Train, Daring Deed, good person, stupid question, heart muscle, heartfelt greetings, stone house, stone face, short dress, fat boy, blue shawl, Moscow metro, children's literature, double chin, woolen suit, lead bullet, lead clouds, city park, heavy briefcase, heavy industry, deaf old man, deaf consonant, grandfathers' office, machine work, tit's nest, goose feet, dog kennel, cleft palate, wolf coat, wolf appetite, antlers, marines, dog cold, Katyushin bike, grinder, snake venom, snake smile, vegetable oil, lean face, mouse tail, neighbor's garden, Grand plans, observant person, tragic fate, wooden voice, chicken foot, chicken soup, squirrel collar, iron will, grandfather's words, bird noise, hare hat, December frosts, school uniform, Seryozhin briefcase, Barents Sea, Bering Strait.

2. Exercise 2.

Write down by inserting the missing letters. Underline the adjectives, define their grade.

The whiteness of the snow made the new paws grow greener. A pair of uneasy lowlands rose to the level of tree tops and fell on birch branches.Uncountable ro_springs of the smallest beads sparkled on the sun. Frost began to slowly shave everything that had at least a small fraction of moisture. The forest rivulet, which yesterday was rushing towards the broomsticks, began (c, h) to be crushed with silver teeth. Transparent ice confidently crawled into the middle of the stream, constricting the air current with an indestructible armor. And everything around was shining noisily, sparkling, sparkling. But, barely having time to warm up, our great light began to blush and fall on the far, flat tops. Purple wings, extending into the depths of the darkening expanse, descended lower and lower. In the constellation Gemini, the awakened Mars, the god of the Roman pagans, the patron of wars and conflagrations, flashed with a red eye. But this brilliance immediately and (s, h) chaz, lost in the twinkling_ of innumerable stars. And now close and distant star clusters have already hung over the world. Only a month, glowing bright yellow, but still not (with, h) cheap light, seemed to be very close to the dark forest land... (According to V. Belov)

An adjective is a part of speech that denotes a feature of an object and answers which questions? etc. Adjectives are relative, qualitative and possessive.

Qualitative adjectives indicate a certain quality of the subject. The main characteristic such adjectives is that they can in most cases have a degree of comparison and a short form. But there are also a number of other criteria that are characteristic only of a qualitative adjective.

Adverbs in o, e can be formed from high-quality adjectives. For example, fast - quickly.
The category of qualitative adjectives is combined with adverbs that denote measure and degree. For example, very fast.
Qualitative adjectives can be included in antonymic pairs: high - low, smart - stupid.

It is worth remembering that the main quality criteria is the ability to form short forms and degrees of comparison with adjectives. It is not at all necessary that all of the above quality attributes be present in one word at the same time.

The category of relative adjectives inherently denotes a material, an object, geographic name etc. For example, Kiev, iron, sea. Such adjectives do not have the characteristics that are characteristic of a qualitative adjective. This refers to the degree of comparison, the formation of a short form, etc. For example, the word "sea", we cannot say that the sign is more or less marine. But the words "long" can be used in such combinations: longer and shorter.

Possessive adjectives indicate that an item belongs to someone. They answer the questions: whose? whose? other. Dad's jacket, mom's jacket, Dima's worries.

Just like relative adjectives, relative adjectives do not have a short form and degrees of comparison.

Transition from one category to another

It is worth noting that sometimes one category of an adjective can pass into another category. For example, tin soldier and pewter eyes. In the first case, we have a relative adjective, and in the second, a qualitative one.

6th grade.

Russian language.

Teacher: Arushanyan T.P.

Topic: “Categories of adjectives by meaning. Relative adjectives. " Section 42

Lesson objectives:

Educational : to acquaint students with the categories of adjectives by meaning; to form the ability to determine the category of adjectives.

Developing : to develop research, creative activities of students; develop the communication skills of students.

Educational: foster a positive attitude towards the process of cognition; interest in the native language.

Planned results:

Subject: know the categories of adjectives, their distinctive features; be able to distinguish between adjectives by meaning.

Metasubject:

Cognitive: reproduce from memory the information necessary for solving an educational problem; extract information from various sources; give definitions to concepts; explain linguistic phenomena; build reasoning; give examples as evidence; establish causal relationships.

Regulatory: define and formulate the purpose of the activity; draw up an action plan, work according to the plan; predict, adjust their activities; put forward versions of solutions; analyze and evaluate your own work.

Communicative: be able to collaborate in a group; take into account different opinions, compare different points vision; express and defend their point of view; negotiate, ask questions on the topic; speak to an audience.

Personal: express a positive, conscious attitude towards learning; evaluate one's own learning activities; apply the rules of cooperation in the group.

Equipment:

Notebooks, textbook.

Lesson type: a lesson in learning new material.

Method : research, partly - search.

Forms of work of students : frontal, individual.

During the classes

Organizing time .

Updating basic knowledge .

Greetings. Announcement of the topic of the lesson.

What do you guys think are our goals in today's lesson? (Student response)

Indeed, we will get acquainted with one more category of the adjective - with a constant morphological feature, we will learn the distinctive features of relative adjectives, we will learn to distinguish them from qualitative ones.

Let's write down the date and topic of the lesson in a notebook.

Spelling warm-up.

O long journey, about a hundred-year-old spruce, because of aching pain, in an odorous liquid, in a neighboring village, in the fresh air, in a thorny bush, about the summer heat, into the patio, about a future housewarming, in a blue distance, about a recent incident, to the nearest station, in the nearest cafeteria.

In the last lesson, we studied the categories of adjectives, namely, qualitative adjectives. Let's remember everything we know about them.

1. An adjective denotes a feature of an object; answers the questionwhich? / whose ?: big, iron , mother's.

2. Categories of adjectives:

- quality - an adjective names a feature that can be expressed to a greater or lesser extent:kind, kinder, kindest ;

- relative - an adjective names a feature that cannot be expressed to a greater or lesser extent:Golden earrings;

- possessive - an adjective indicates that something belongs to a person or animal:squirrel, mother's.

3. Declination of adjectives

Adjectives change:

by cases: red rose, oh red rose etc.;

by numbers; red rose, red flowers;

by birth (singular only): red, rose red, glow red.

Gender, number, case are determined by the noun.

4 adjective form (only for high-quality):

- full: happy;

- short: cheerful.

5. Degree of comparison (only at quality):

- comparative: more fun, more fun;

- superlative degree: funniest, most happy.

6. In a sentence there can be a definition, predicate: warm bread. The bread was warm.

Qualitative adjectives (what?): the adjective names the sign,

which can be expressed to a greater or lesser extent:

bright light - brighter.brighter

Relative adjectives ( what?): the adjective names a feature that cannot be expressed to a greater or lesser extent:

computer program, Digital Watch

Possessive adjectives ( whose?): an adjective indicates that something belongs to a person or animal:

daddy's documents, fox hole

III . Learning a new topic.

- Unlike qualitative adjectives, relative adjectives denote a feature of an object that cannot be manifested to a greater or lesser extent in the object.

Working with the theoretical material of the textbook, pp. 8, 10

"Identifying signs of relative adjectives."

1. Have no degrees of comparison.

2. They do not have a short form.

3. They do not go well with the adverb.

4. Have no antonyms.

Designate:

- material (glass wall, sandy beach);

- number (two-story house, five-year-old daughter);

- location (river port, Moscow resident);

- time (last year's plan, January frosts);

- appointment (Washer, sport shoes);

- weight, length, measure (one-hundred-gram weight, meter stick, two-liter jar).

IV ... Consolidation of the studied material.

Working with the tutorial. P. 9, exercise. 313, 314

From each group of phrases, write down phrases with qualitative, relative adjectives.

New cloak .., leather cloak ..,.; gold broch .., dear bro ..; linen thing .., the right thing ..; woolen comforter, beautiful comforter; elegant coat, woolen coat; expensive boa, fur boa; black coffee, Kenyan coffee.

V ... Lesson summary. Reflection.

1. Have we completed the tasks that were set before us at the beginning of the lesson?

2. What adjectives did you meet today in the lesson?

3. By what identifying signs can we identify them?

VI ... Homework

Learn theoretical material§ 42 (rules + notebook). Execute exercise 315.

In this lesson, you will expand your knowledge of adjective names, learn about the categories of adjectives by meaning.

Subject: Name adjective

Lesson: Adjectives by Meaning

1. Distinctive features of adjectives

We know that every word in a language belongs to one or another part of speech. On what grounds can one distinguish an adjective from other parts of speech?

1. Adjectives answer questions which? whose?

2. Adjectives denote a feature of an object

3. Adjectives refer to nouns and agree with them in number and case, and in the singular - in gender

Now we have named the common features of adjectives.

2. Categories of adjectives

Adjectives have such properties that allow us to divide them into three large groups. Or, as we say, discharges.

Let's pick up adjectives for the word pencil.

Thin,

small,

beautiful

wood,

plastic.

If we asked our sister Masha for a pencil, then we can say that it Machines or sisters.

Look at the last adjectives. They answer the question whose? Such adjectives are called possessive... They indicate the belonging of the item to someone.

For example:

Wood house - a house made of wood

Winter day - winter day

3. How to define the category of an adjective?

Determining which category the adjective belongs to is quite simple. To do this, you need to perform the following algorithm:

1. Ask a question:

If the adjective answers the question whose?, before us is a possessive adjective.

But if the adjective answers the question which?, go to the next step.

2. Form a short form on behalf of the adjective or any degree of comparison.

If you can do it, then we have a quality adjective.

And if not, then relative.

Let's try to determine the categories of adjectives from the quatrain:

From evil wolf -

V earthen crack.

By cold dew -

TO sly fox.

For convenience, we can put adjectives in the nominative singular.

Evil(which?). Trying to form degrees of comparison: the meanest, the most evil.

This means that we have a quality adjective in front of us.

Adjectives cold and sly also high quality, because they answer the question which? and from them it is possible to form the degrees of comparison ( coldest, most cunning).

But if there are no suffixes in the adjective at all, then we have a qualitative adjective. For example , quick.

Adjectives of all three categories can move from one category to another. But only when they are used figuratively. For example:

Gold ring. In this case, the adjective golden relative. But in the phrase golden character adjective gold will be of high quality, as it denotes the quality of a person.

4. Qualitative adjectives

Qualitative adjectives differ from relative and possessive names at all language levels.

1. Designate a sign that can manifest itself in an object to a greater or lesser extent

2. May have antonyms: evil / kind

3. Always non-derivative

But the possessive and relative are always derived, that is, they are formed from nouns, adjectives, verbs.

4. Nouns of abstract meaning can be formed from qualitative adjectives: rigor

And adverbs in - O: strictly.

Adjectives with subjective suffixes: blue, feisty.

5. Only they can have degrees of comparison and a short form.

6. Only they can be combined with the adverbs of measure and degree: very big, very strict

5. Formation of relative and possessive adjectives

Possessive adjectives are derived only from nouns. Using suffixes - ui- - fox, -ov- - fathers, -in- - mother's.

Bibliography

Russian language. Grade 6: Baranov M.T. and others - M .: Education, 2008.
Russian language. Theory. 5-9 grades: V.V. Babaytseva, L. D. Chesnokova - M .: Bustard, 2008.
Russian language. 6th grade: ed. MM. Razumovskaya, P.A. Lekanta - M .: Bustard, 2010.

About the categories of adjectives ().
Additional tasks ().

Homework

Distribute adjectives according to categories (qualitative, relative, possessive).

Tin soldier, pewter eyes, cold day, long train, brave deed, kind person, stupid question, heart muscle, heartfelt greetings, stone house, stone face, short dress, fat boy, blue shawl, Moscow metro, children's literature, double chin , woolen suit, lead bullet, lead clouds, city park, heavy briefcase, heavy industry, deaf old man, deaf consonant, grandfathers office, Machine work, titmouse's nest, goose foot, dog kennel, cleft palate, wolf coat, wolf appetite, deer horns, marines, dog cold, Katyushin bike, grinder, snake venom, snake smile, vegetable oil, lean face, mouse tail, neighbor's garden, grandiose plans, observant man, tragic fate, wooden voice, chicken foot, chicken soup, squirrel collar, iron will, grandfather's words, bird noise, hare hat, December frosts, school uniform, Serezhin briefcase, Barents Sea, Bering Strait.

2. Exercise 2.

Write down by inserting the missing letters. Underline the adjectives, define their grade.