Construction of wooden houses stages of work. Construction of a wooden house from a log - stages

If someone else is thinking about what material to build a house from, perhaps our article will provide food for thought. Indeed, someone believes that traditional brick is the best material for construction, someone is a supporter of wood. Let's say right away that both wood and brick are suitable for building a house to the same extent. Simply, some believe that brick is stronger and will last for centuries.

At the same time, now technologies allow making wood as strong and durable as brick. But wood has such attractive aspects as environmental friendliness, ease of installation, and aesthetics. In general, the controversy about what to build from is likely to exist as long as wood and brick exist. Therefore, let's today consider such a question as the main stages of the construction of a wooden house.

If you look at the literature on wood house construction, you will see that there are two stages. Why two? This is due to the physical properties of the wood. As you know, wood tends to dry out, in construction this is called shrinkage or shrinkage. Shrinkage - a decrease in the volume of wood, due to the evaporation of moisture. Therefore, it is precisely because of this property that it is necessary to build from wood in two stages.

The first stage is making a log house

So, the first stage. The frame is made and installed on the foundation. The foundation is arranged tape or columnar. The blockhouse is assembled from a bar or round timber. After installing the log house, you must wait until the tree shrinks.

When installing a log house in the summer, the shrinkage period should be at least a year. For winter construction - six months.

However, the construction of wooden houses has its own subtleties. Usually it is even more profitable to build from wood in winter. Winter wood is denser than summer felled wood. This is due to the fact that by winter the pores of the tree close, and the moisture itself leaves. As a result, the "winter house" will shrink slightly, and "sit down" more evenly. Another plus is that such logs crack less.

Another important advantage is that there are no various microorganisms in the winter tree that destroy wood.

One note - in winter the tree becomes fragile, so you need to work with it carefully.

Consider how much different wood can shrink. Let's take a standard log height of 2.5 m. A log house from a bar delivered in the summer during the year will give a draft of 4 cm. From a round timber - 8 cm.

The log house during this period must be covered with a roof and covered with roofing felt. At this point, the first stage can be considered complete.

Thus, the first stage consists of the following operations.

1. Pouring the foundation.
2. Making a log house.
3. Installation of a log house on the foundation.
4. Roofing and covering the log house with roofing felt.

The second stage is finishing the house

At the second stage, windows and doors are installed, partitions are built, floors are laid, interior and exterior wall decoration is carried out.

Many are trying for various reasons to keep within one stage. This desire is understandable, I want to move in faster, and construction is cheaper. However, building a house made of wood in one stage is fraught with unpleasant consequences. The blockhouse will shrink, but your windows and doors will not. As a result, the frame will hang on them. And the cracks are formed.

However, there are tricks that allow you to build a wooden house in one step.

To do this, it is necessary to leave the cuts above the windows and doors at approximately the shrinkage height, i.e. 4 cm.

When shrinkage occurs, the openings will just return to their places. In order to externally improve the house and close the cuts, it is necessary to put platbands. After the shrinkage is over (about six months), the platbands can be removed and the cracks can be sealed with polyurethane foam. This applies to all cracks in the house.

After that, we start finishing the house. You can sheathe the walls with any panels, such as siding or clapboard. It is strictly forbidden to sheathe the walls immediately after the construction of the log house. This is done after a year.

These are the main stages in the construction of a wooden house from a bar or log. Profiled timber is of course preferable for construction. Due to its shape, no cracks remain in it after shrinkage. Happy construction!

The construction of wooden houses has become more and more popular in the last decade. Buildings for permanent residence, summer cottages, baths are being erected.

The wood used is an environmentally friendly material. It creates a healthy microclimate in the house, and also has a beneficial effect on human health.

Wooden houses are warm in winter, and cool in summer heat, since the walls do not conduct heat. The material itself is beautiful and does not require additional decoration, but this does not exclude the facade decoration to give the house individuality.

Project selection and site selection

The two main interrelated tasks that are solved before building a house are project selection and site selection. The design of the structure depends on the terrain on which it will be located. On flat areas, building a house is easier, but hilly terrain is attractive because it will be a good base for multi-level architecture and creating a unique design for the backyard area.

At the selected site, geologists are required to find out the depth of groundwater and the physical properties of the soil. The type and size of the foundation depends on these indicators. This issue is clarified even at the stage of preparing a project for the construction of a house.

The factor that also influences the choice of the site is the availability of infrastructure. It is desirable that there are shopping centers, children's and medical institutions nearby. A stable telephone connection and public transport are required. Near the site or nearby, it is desirable to have communications: electricity, water, gas, sewerage.

Creation of a technical project becomes a crucial stage of construction. The building area and the number of living rooms depends on the number of permanent residents. Together with the house, they create projects for additional structures: garages, baths, outbuildings. The project assumes the external attractiveness of the structure, comfort and convenience of its maintenance in the future.

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Cleaning and preparation of the site for construction

Before the delivery of materials, the territory is equipped. Cleaning and preparing the site for construction includes the elimination of plantings: bushes, trees, weeds and other vegetation. If there are stones or old buildings, they must also be removed. If there are significant irregularities in the soil on the site that impede work, the site should be smoothed.

Before starting the construction of a house, a drainage system is installed. If groundwater comes close to the surface, it destroys the integrity of the structure over time. The drainage project is done on the basis of geological studies.

Foundation, house box and roof

The type of foundation is chosen depending on the type of soil, the proximity of groundwater, the depth of freezing and the relief of the site. The following are used in the construction of wooden houses:
tape, columnar and pile. The choice of a suitable type is taken seriously, since it is the most important supporting element of the structure.

Pile piles are more often used, since they are economical and suitable for all types of soil, as well as tape, but they require the use of earthworks.

The box of the house is erected from wood materials of several forms:
A rounded log has the same diameter along its entire length. This allows you to build the required structure in a short time without the involvement of heavy equipment. The slots are sealed with a sealant.
The profiled timber is processed to give it a suitable shape. It is quickly assembled, and the presence of an accurate connection does not require caulking after shrinkage.
Glued laminated timber is made from wooden lamellas connected under high pressure and profiled to the required shape. During operation, it does not change geometry, does not dry out, and has high strength.
Before use, wooden structures are treated with antiseptics for resistance to aggressive environments.

Installing a roof is a big deal. It decorates and reliably protects the building, the comfort in the house depends on it. They install different types and shapes of roofs. According to geometric shapes, they are:

• Gable, symmetrical or with different angles of inclination.
• Hip with two large and two small (triangular) slopes.
• Semi-hip in two variations, with different types of pediment.
• Hip-like, like a hip variety with four identical slopes.
• Multi-pliers are complex in design, but create unique varieties.
• Broken lines, also called attic ones, increase the usable area of ​​the house.
• The combined ones make up a mix of various types.

House shrinkage

Within one to one and a half years, the frame stands and the house shrinks. Only after that do they start exterior and interior decoration, install windows and doors. During this time, wooden structures dry out, and additional sealing of the seams and cracks that have arisen is carried out.

Modern technologies allow you to move into a built house immediately after the completion of construction and decoration. The use of a casing system helps the building to tolerate shrinkage without damaging the structure.

Communications

When choosing a site, the issue of communications is acute, the viability of the estate depends on it. The main thing is electricity and power output. Ideally, connecting to central highways would be a solution to the problems.

Modern temperature control systems are a suitable heating option. Water supply and sewerage, in the absence of centralized ones, are equipped individually. Using a well or a well, water is pumped into the house. For an autonomous sewage system, a system of two wells is arranged or, if necessary, a treatment plant. This increases the cost of construction, therefore it is taken into account when searching for a suitable site.

Final finishing works

: where to start, what you need to pay attention to first of all when erecting a log house, how does the construction end.

Before the start of construction, many developers have anxiety, a premonition of vanity and problems. Don't worry, most people feel anxious, because not every year you have to build your own house. Many are building for the first time, once and for all. Without experience, it is difficult to remain calm and calm.

There are constant thoughts in my head: will they deceive me, will they follow the rules when building my house, will the house turn out to be solid and reliable, will there be enough money, etc.?

If you are building with a company "Chukhloma estate", then do not worry and be sure that your house from a bar will be built as it should, according to the Agreement. Chukhlomskaya Usadba has been on the construction market since 2001, during this time we have built so many wooden houses from logs and beams that we have lost count of them.

The main thing for us is the construction of a house with high quality, so that our customers are satisfied with our work and continue cooperation in the future, recommend our company to their relatives, friends and acquaintances. And this is only possible if our customers are satisfied with our homes and our carpenters.

So where does the construction of any home begin? That's right, from the foundation ...

1.Construction of a foundation for a house from a bar

The construction of the foundation is the first stage in the construction of a house from a bar.

The most common types of foundations that are erected under log houses are (MZLF), pile-grillage and pile-screw foundation.

Of these three, the most in demand is pile-screw foundation... Due to three factors: price, production speed and the possibility of its installation at any time of the year.

The pile-screw foundation has the lowest manufacturing cost, in comparison with all the others, this is the decisive factor in choosing it for most developers. Moreover, there is no need to wait for some time when it will be ready. As a rule, one daylight hours is enough to drive the piles into the ground. The next day, you can already start assembling the log house on it.

Since houses from a bar are built year-round, the construction of other types of foundations is problematic, especially MZLF, tk. concrete does not adhere well in the cold, and it is difficult for it to dig a trench in the frozen soil.

Thus, if you want to build a house inexpensively, then pay attention to the pile-screw foundation. It has proven itself well on our customers' sites. Houses from a bar and even from a log, built by our company "Chukhlomskaya Usadba" 10 and more years ago, stand firmly on a pile-screw foundation, without complaints from customers.

A foundation with a grillage is something in between a pile-screw and a tape one in terms of price and manufacturing principle, therefore it is acceptable for those who do not dare to make a choice in favor of the first and who have a fairly large house.

For those who decided to build thoroughly, to build a large house for several generations, it is worth stopping at a shallow strip foundation. This is the most expensive type of foundation, but also the most reliable. There is no doubt that he will stand under the house for the entire period of his service. It is especially suitable for overall dimensions.

2.Types of timber, installation of a frame

After you have the foundation ready, a team of carpenters proceeds to the second stage of construction - the construction of a log house on it.

If the foundation is pile-screw, then before installing the house, the strapping row is installed on the pile-screw foundation, which will connect all the piles sticking out from the ground.

An ordinary timber with a cross section of at least 100x150 mm is used for strapping: the larger the structure, the more rooms it contains, the more complex the foundation and the more piles, the thicker the timber should be.

The strapping row is compulsorily processed, tk. the timber is in contact with the metal, and this is not the best neighborhood for materials with opposite properties. Antiseptic treatment of the strapping row is mandatory!

In this article, we will consider the construction of a log house only from, which is a building material made of natural wood, made mechanically without the use of chemical action: timber of natural moisture and chamber drying.

The first type of timber includes , and to the second dry profiled timber.

Regular timber differs from profiled timber in price - it is the cheapest and, therefore, affordable wooden building material due to the fact that it undergoes minimal processing.

During its manufacture, the wood layer is removed until a bar of the required section is obtained. Therefore, it is slightly rough to the touch, as carpenters jokingly call it “shaggy timber”.

A blockhouse made of a simple bar requires either additional processing of the walls in the form of sharpening and grinding, or cladding with other wall material.

Not only houses are built from ordinary timber, but also other types of buildings: utility blocks, garages, sheds, gazebos, it is used for the manufacture of a strapping row and for beamed ceilings in floors and ceilings.

It has spikes and grooves on both sides, with which it closes in the wall when assembling a frame from it.

Both simple and profiled "raw" timber has a moisture content of 25-40%. The moisture level depends on the production time and the environment, because wood is a hygroscopic material that has the ability to take and release moisture into the environment. The longer a bar of natural moisture is in the open air, the drier it becomes.

Dry profiled timber- the most expensive type of wood building material of all types of solid timber, since it is additionally dried in a heat chamber. Its moisture content, according to GOST, should be 12-20%.

In appearance, it does not differ in any way from a profiled bar of natural moisture: it has the same grooves on both sides, smooth surfaces on the other two sides. A blockhouse, assembled from a profiled bar, does not require additional processing of the walls, because they are smooth, without roughness, and have a beautiful textured pattern of wood. To preserve the integrity of the log house, the walls must be treated with an antiseptic and, if desired, give them some shade.

A log house is being built. Both types of locking joints in the corner keep heat well with high-quality manufacturing, because have a complex configuration that does not allow air to pass from the outside.

A log house from a bar is erected either for shrinkage, or on a turnkey basis.

3.Construction of a house from a bar for shrinkage

The phased construction of a house from a bar means that the construction of a structure for shrinkage or turnkey determines the further order of work.

The construction phase is more time-consuming, because the house is being built from a bar of natural moisture.

A house made of "raw" timber shrinks up to 10% in the first year of construction. This means that it will decrease in height, because the timber in the rows will dry out, sit down. During this period, when the wooden building material will sag, it is impossible to install windows and doors in order to avoid formation in the walls. Because the window and door frames will prevent this, they will keep the upper rows from sagging while the lower ones will shrink freely.

Thus, the upper crowns, which will be held by the windows and doors, will not be able to tightly close with the lower ones and gaps will form between them. That is why they build a house from a bar of natural moisture for shrinkage, so that the rows of the house during shrinkage can tightly close, "grow" to each other.

For this, after the construction of a log house, openings are made in those places where windows and doors will be installed, so that there is ventilation inside the house.

The house must be covered with a roof to protect it from precipitation, you can immediately make a capital roof, under the weight of which shrinkage will occur faster.

Shrinkage occurs about six months, its most intense stage occurs in the first 3-4 months.

4.Construction of a turnkey log house

A house is being built from a kiln-dried timber, tk. it gives less shrinkage, up to 3-5% in the first year of construction. With this construction option, windows and doors are installed immediately, but taking into account the shrinkage, technological expansion gaps are made over them.

Compensation gap Is the distance between the timber and the window or door frame, which gradually decreases during shrinkage. Insulation is placed in the void of the gap and covered with cashing on top. Over time, the timber will lie on the box, pressing the insulation tightly with its weight, the distance between the window and the timber will disappear.

5.Mounting the roof

In order for the roof to be reliable, it would not be carried away even under the pressure of the strongest hurricane, a number of technological conditions must be observed during its construction.

First of all, you need to provide a solid frame-rafter system: rafters - edged board 50x150 mm and lathing - edged board 25x150 mm. The rafters are installed with a step of 0.6 m, the distance between the battens is 20-30 cm. These are the optimal technological standards for erecting the roof of a log house. They are suitable for all types of roofs.

The main types of roofs are gable, broken line(attic) and hip.

The most difficult to manufacture, because the rafters on it are not solid, but with a break. Therefore, the construction of a sloping roof must be approached with special care so that it is sufficiently reliable. Only an experienced team of carpenters should be involved in its construction.

Good craftsmen with skills are also needed in the manufacture of other types of roofs, especially if a special roof window is to be erected.

6.Dinning a house from a bar after shrinkage

Decorating a house from a bar after shrinkage is the final stage in the construction of a house from a bar of natural moisture.

Six months later, the main shrinkage of the log frame already takes place, so you can start installing windows and doors, interior and exterior decoration: laying finished floors and ceilings, installing stairs, conducting electrical wiring, etc.

It must be borne in mind that imperceptible shrinkage will occur even before a year, therefore, as in the case of the construction of a house from a turnkey bar, the necessary compensation gaps are made over the windows and doors.

So, now you know the phased construction of a house from a bar, in what order it occurs. Of course, this description is given in general terms, because for each stage of construction, you can write a whole instruction on several sheets, since they all have their own characteristics, each has its own nuances.

But you’ve already learned the most important things, what you need to pay attention to first.

The most important condition for the construction of a quality wooden house is conscientious and skillful craftsmen. These are the people who work in the Chukhlomskaya Usadba company.

Examples of the phased construction of a house from a bar for shrinkage with photos and videos:

Construction of a house from a bar for shrinkage according to the project:

Construction of a house from a 6x9 bar according to the project for shrinkage:

Project of a house from a bar with a terrace

Start of construction of a house from a bar for shrinkage according to the project "Committee"

The construction of houses from a bar consists of several stages, the sequence and correctness of which must be observed, regardless of whether you decide to build a house from a bar on your own or turn to specialists.

The main stages of building a house from a bar:

• Designing a house from a bar;
• Foundation construction;
• Laying the first crown and sub-flooring;
• Assembling the truss structure and installing the roof;
• Installation of doors and windows;
• Warming and finishing works;

You can build a country house from a bar for temporary or permanent residence. But it is necessary to take into account the method of operation in advance. Depending on the purpose of the house, the main building material is chosen, that is, the timber. For a country house, a timber with a cross section of 120 mm is suitable. A house for permanent residence should be built from a bar with a section of 200-220 mm. Lumber walls of this thickness will keep your home warm.

It is possible to manufacture a bar and a larger section, but this is rather an exclusive, as it leads to a tangible rise in the cost of construction. So, after you have decided on the operating conditions and selected the appropriate material, you need to prepare a project for the future house from a bar.

To draw up a project, you need to decide on the main dimensions of the house. It should be remembered that the standard length of the timber is 6 m, and for the construction of a house longer than 6 m, the timber will need to be joined along the length. You also need to decide on the number of floors and rooms. The location of door and window openings, the height of the walls. Select the roof structure and basic building materials.

Taking into account all these data, a house project is drawn up. The project will be required for the manufacture of timber, and the subsequent construction of a house. Therefore, you should take a responsible approach to its preparation in order to avoid confusion in the future.

Foundation construction:

Houses from a bar can be erected on a shallow strip foundation. Bored or screw, pile foundations can also be used. The choice of the type of foundation depends on the design load and the characteristics of the soil on the site. If, after making the pile foundation, you can immediately continue to build a house from a bar, then after pouring the strip foundation, it is necessary to pause to set the foundation of the necessary strength. After preparing the foundation, you can start laying the first crown and setting up the subfloor.

Laying the first crown and making a temporary floor:

Waterproofing (rubiroid) is laid on the prepared foundation under the first crown. The first crown bears the main load combined with increased exposure to moisture. To protect the crown and extend its service life, a wedding board with a section of 200 * 50 mm is often placed under it. As a rule, larch is used as a material for a wedding setting.

The first crown is laid on the wedding board. The wedding salary and the first crown must be carefully treated with an antiseptic. At the ends of the timber, dust is marked and made forming a groove on one timber and a spike on the other (they can be of different shapes depending on the assembly method). They allow you to more accurately connect the timber and exclude the blowing of the corners of the house during operation. Insulation is laid in the joints.

The joints of the perimeter of the house with partitions are also cut down. Simultaneously with the assembly of the flashing and the first crown, logs are installed. Lags are set at the level of the salary if it is made of timber. Or, in the case where a wedding board is used, the joists can be installed at the level of the first crown. A temporary floor is laid along the logs on which you can walk during the assembly of the log house. Subsequently, the temporary flooring is removed and a rough floor is laid, and then a final floor.

At the corners and along the length of the first crown, holes are drilled for dowels or pins, depending on the assembly method used. Dowels and pins allow you to tie the crowns of a house from a bar together and exclude the twisting of a bar. A sequential assembly of the crowns of the house is carried out. Each subsequent crown begins to be laid after the completion of the previous one. Insulation is laid between the crowns of the walls, it can be jute, tow or moss.

Dowels are installed near window and door openings in order to avoid distortions of the wall. A whole beam is passed through large spans, which is cut out only after the house has shrunk, before installing windows and doors. The whole timber prevents uneven shrinkage or deformation of walls with large openings. After assembling the walls of the log house, floor beams are installed and fixed from above.

Assembly of the truss structure and installation of the roof:

For convenience, a temporary flooring is made on the fixed floor beams, and the assembly of the truss structure is started. A gable roof with framed gables is the simplest and most economical roof option. For the manufacture of rafters, a board with a section of 50 * 200 mm or 50 * 150 mm is used. For the frame of the gables, you can use the same board as for the rafters. The pediment is sheathed with siding or edged board 25 * 150 mm.

The rafters are assembled and installed vertically, at a distance of no more than 1 meter from each other. The rafters are attached to the base with a nail in the prepared hole, and for reliability they are pulled together with metal brackets or corners. For strength, the rafters can be connected with a longitudinal beam, or several (on large slopes). A ridge board is installed on top of the rafters, and the roof is insulated and the lathing is stuffed (the type of lathing depends on the selected roofing material).

Waterproofing is spread on the lathing of the slopes and the roofing material is attached. If the gables are not sheathed immediately, then they must also be closed with waterproofing so that rain and snow do not clog inside the house. In this state, a house made of timber is left for 1-2 years, for drying and shrinkage. Only in houses made of laminated veneer lumber can you immediately go over to the installation of doors and windows, and finishing work.

Installation of doors and windows:

After drying and natural shrinkage, you can proceed with the installation of doors and windows. Immediately before installation, door and window openings are cut and a window is installed on them from above and on the sides.

A gap of 8-15 cm is left between the frame and the upper jamb, for shrinking the frame, which is filled with a soft insulation (tow, mineral wool). The upper and side jambs can be fastened to each other, but they are not attached to the frame so as not to hinder its further shrinkage.

Doors and windows are installed in door and window openings already framed by jambs. After that, you can proceed with the insulation and interior decoration of the house from a bar.

Insulation and finishing works:

A house made of timber, subject to assembly technologies, keeps heat quite well, but to make it even more energy efficient and eliminate blowing, the walls of the house can be insulated. Insulation can be done both outside and inside. To do this, use different heaters, but most often mineral wool. Be sure to insulate the roof and floor. It is also imperative to use a vapor barrier underlay to avoid the accumulation of condensation in places of insulation, causing intensive decay of the wood.

After warming, they start finishing. Almost any modern finishing materials can be used in houses made of timber. In bathrooms, after some preparation, you can lay tiles. For walls and ceilings, when decorating houses from a bar, natural materials are often used (lining, block house). Sometimes leaving open beams as decorative elements.

Conclusion:

Subject to the sequence of stages of building a house from a bar and the technologies for their implementation, the built house will delight you with warmth and comfort for a long time, in a unique atmosphere created by natural natural material.

Video: Stages of building a house from a bar

Wooden houses are at their peak of popularity today, and all because people understand the enormous importance of ecological housing. The company "Russian Horoms" offers suburban construction of wooden houses according to standard and individual projects. Here are some tips for future wood home owners.

Choosing a place for construction

It is important to choose the right place for your home.

In order not to get confused when choosing, clearly form your wishes: the price of land, an ecological stop, the presence of a reservoir or forest, location on a plain or in the mountains, the proximity of points of civilization.

What type of wood is best to build from?

The cedar is in the first place according to merit. Amazing smell, revitalizing effect and beauty of cedar logs make it very popular.

Larch wooden houses are also quite durable. After processing, the logs have a beautiful texture and aesthetic appearance that does not require additional finishing.

Pine, while a softer wood than cedar or larch, is also great for creating a sturdy and reliable home.

Which forest is better?

Almost everyone who has just begun to learn information about wooden houses hears that it is best to use a winter forest for construction.

The Russian Khoromy company uses winter wood cut in the Kirov forests, which are famous for their spruce and pine trees.

In addition to the time of felling, the geography of wood growth is also of great importance. In the northern latitudes, where the forests of the Kirov region are located, trees grow slowly and therefore they have rather narrow annual rings, which gives a very high strength, incomparable with the wood of the southern regions.

Types of manual felling

In modern housing construction, two types of manual felling are used. Both types of technology were borrowed from Russian architects, who successfully applied them for many centuries.

Building a house: crown after crown

At the first stage of the construction of a wooden house, the logs are placed in the frame. In this case, the logs are fastened with “locks” - special joints, which can be of different types. One row is called a crown.

The lowest row is called a salary and temporary linings are placed under it. On the lower rim, the lower strapping is mounted, into which the transverse beams - logs are cut. It is the logs that become the basis for flooring.

Particular attention should be paid to the lower crown, because it is he who most often decays.

Roof of a wooden house

Here the choice is simply huge, starting from a wooden roof (shingle), which is made of natural larch or cedar wood, and ending with an inexpensive soft roof.