Paid aks title. Where to vaccinate

The DPT vaccine that every child needs is considered very unpleasant in terms of the body's reaction to it and the risk of complications. The composition of the drug, which once became revolutionary in medicine, which makes it possible to inoculate a person with immunity from three diseases at once, after decades, remains extremely reactionary. All components of the vaccine (dead cells of dangerous microorganisms) are fully compatible in one solution and can reduce the number of visits to the clinic, the duration of vaccination. Many parents are extremely worried about possible post-vaccination reactions, the risk of complications or allergies. In an effort to minimize possible harm, they use imported drugs to vaccinate against whooping cough, diphtheria and tetanus. Are they better and are they worth spending money on?

Which vaccine should you choose?

Regardless of the drug, three vaccinations will need to be done for a full vaccination.

To determine the choice of a drug, you need to study what is offered by default by clinics for vaccination of whooping cough, tetanus and diphtheria. The drug is called liquid absorbed diphtheria-tetanus pertussis vaccine, or simply DTP (this is both the name of the drug and the type of vaccine). This is a domestic drug produced by NPO Microgen in the form of an injectable suspension based on aluminum hydroxide. Active ingredients are whole killed cells of pertussis microbes and tetanus-diphtheria toxoid. The vaccine contains a rather harmful preservative called "merthiolate" at a concentration of 0.01%. He is the reason for most negative reactions.

In many clinics, doctors themselves offer to make Infanrix for an additional fee, due to its great popularity. At the same time, other vaccinations are presented as low-quality and dangerous. Do not panic - all certified vaccinations are safe, but it is better to buy imported ones at a pharmacy, depending on how much doctors require.

The DPT vaccine has a worthy analogue of Russian production - the drug Bubo-kok, produced by NPK Kombiotech. It is more expensive than the previous version (up to 1200 rubles), but has serious advantages: the combined composition of the drug, which also generates immunity against hepatitis B. The concentration of harmful substances and preservatives in the drug is at the level of the DPT vaccine. This means that the overall load on the child's body is reduced - when using Bubo-Kok, you will have to do one less vaccine.

Despite the high quality of domestic vaccines, drugs from other countries are considered safer and hypoallergenic. The composition of imported vaccines contains much less harmful preservatives, and the cells of pathogens are often divided into parts. This reduces negative reactions in the body, such as fever. The following vaccines are available on the Russian market:

• Pentaxim is a French-made vaccine that additionally vaccinates against poliomyelitis and infections caused by Haemophilus influenzae (meningitis, pneumonia, others);
• Tetracoc is also a French drug that combines the DPT and polio vaccine. Differs in a reduced content of harmful sorbent in comparison with the previous preparation. If necessary, vaccination is possible along with any hemophilus influenza vaccine;
• Tritanrix-HB is a Belgian vaccine that generates immunity against whooping cough, diphtheria, tetanus and hepatitis B. The most convenient drug for the conditions of the Russian Federation - combined hepatitis vaccination is much more important than poliomyelitis. There are tangible chances of contracting this disease only in the very South of Russia;
• Infanrix is ​​a Belgian-made drug that is quite popular in the CIS. A distinctive feature is the absence of merthiolate and formaldehyde in the composition. In addition, toxoid is used instead of pertussis germs, which guarantees a better well-being of the child after vaccination. These two factors minimize vaccination stress to the body at the cost of reduced effectiveness. Infanrix provides only 88% of the immune response after vaccination.

Remember that the national vaccination schedule requires 3 DTP shots during childhood. In the absence of allergic reactions, one drug should be preferred. How many stages of vaccination are ahead, so much is better and buy units of the drug in advance.

It will seem to many that the question of which vaccine to use is not worth it at all: you need to buy a high-quality one that grants immunity from several infections at once. Don't forget about allergic reactions in many children, individual vaccination schedules, or simply the price issue. DTP vaccination is provided in city polyclinics free of charge, according to the national vaccination program, others will have to be paid for. Here's how much one or another analogue of domestic drugs can cost:

• Pentaxim - 1100-1400 rubles per package;
• Tetrakok - 800-1200 rubles;
• Tritanrix - the cost of the drug reaches 1600 rubles per package, however, since recently, the drug is available only to private clinics;
• Infanrix - price from 1500 to 1700 rubles;
• Bubo-Kok - the average price is 1,000 rubles.

Many private clinics or vaccination rooms offer imported vaccinations at seemingly exorbitant prices. You need to understand that the price includes not only the drug, but also medical care: examination and the vaccination itself. How much will be requested in a particular vaccination room or clinic depends on the chosen drug and the status of the institution. But whatever the cost is, the service in such clinics is much better than in the clinic. By default, such institutions offer Infanrix.

Golden mean

The domestic DPT vaccine is by no means bad, as it seems to many. For its segment, this is the ideal balance of availability and quality, however, many people think this is not enough. Before making a choice in favor of some imported drug, it is worth deciding which stages of vaccination are more convenient to combine? Should you give DPT with the haemophilus influenza vaccine, or vaccinate hepatitis B with polio? Also, before immunization, it is worth undergoing a full examination by an immunologist to draw up an "immunity map" and identify allergic reactions. If all this is not possible, it is reasonable to use Infanrix, as the safest. The absence of whole cells of killed microorganisms negates the risk of post-vaccination reactions and complications. Infanrix is ​​the second most popular drug for DPT in Russia, which he earned due to the easier course of vaccination in the eyes of his parents. Although the drug is not a combination drug, it will be better tolerated when combined with other vaccines. Infanrix costs from one and a half thousand, which is very expensive. It is advisable or not to make a choice for everyone independently, but the fact that Infanrix is ​​the most popular imported vaccination no doubt about it.

Any vaccination will only be harmful if the vaccination is not carried out correctly. A vaccine with the slightest suspicion of counterfeiting or improper storage should be disposed of immediately, be it Infanrix or standard DTP. Always follow the vaccination schedule, keep track of how much and how the drug is stored and the vaccination technique. Only then is the child guaranteed safety and comfort.

The adsorbed (purified) pertussis-diphtheria-tetanus vaccine (called DTP in the Russian Federation) is an effective means of immunization. Allows you to prevent complications of diseases in the form lethal outcome or disability. However, despite its obvious benefits, it can cause a number of undesirable and unpleasant manifestations, which are minimized by a competent approach to vaccination, taking into account the possible severe reactions of the body and the availability of ways to relieve pain.

DTP vaccination protects against dangerous diseases, at the same time, a poor-quality vaccine can provoke the development of severe consequences

Russian DPT vaccine

DTP "NPK Microgen" RF is approved by WHO and is an effective means for vaccination. The DPT vaccine contains toxoids of infectious agents. Persons with reduced immunity or a state of immunodeficiency are at risk of getting negative post-vaccination reactions or getting sick. The indisputable advantage of the domestic vaccine is its low cost.

The preservative in the domestic DPT vaccine is merthiolate (thiomersal), which is prohibited in other countries. It is added as a vaccine protection against contamination. pathogenic microorganisms, are widely used in perfumery. It has been proven that the exclusion of mercury-containing substances in no way affects the likelihood of neuropsychiatric disorders.

Imported analogues

The following names of the following DTP vaccines of various compositions are widely known:

• Infanrix, Infanrix Hexa (includes polio, hepatitis B and HIB): manufacturer - GlaxoSmithKline.
• Pentaxim: manufacturer - Sanofi Aventis Pasteur, France. Protects against 5 diseases - whooping cough, tetanus, diphtheria, polio and HIB infection.

Produced foreign analogues of DPT are basically identical. They do not contain prohibited formalin and merthiolate. They are distinguished by a cell-free technology for creating an anti-pertussis component, so post-vaccination reactions are much less frequent. Imported vaccines contain additional components. They give a less pronounced immune response of the body than the Russian drug, but as vaccination continues, such differences practically disappear.

Of no small importance is the production of a foreign vaccine in convenient disposable dosage kits. They are stored in a dry dark place at a temperature of 2 to 8 degrees, used immediately. Do not freeze them.

Infanrix and Infanrix Hexa

Infanrix vaccine from the English company GlaxoSmithKline has been registered in the Russian Federation since 2004. Has the lowest reactogenicity of all imported drugs. It is considered the safest, cleanest and most hypoallergenic product. Sold exclusively in pharmacies and vaccination points (in combination with the service).

Post-vaccination manifestations are standard, but easier. The most dangerous of them - anaphylaxis or Quincke's edema - occur within half an hour after the injection and require prompt assistance. To avoid negative manifestations, you need:

• regularly ventilate the room, ensure high humidity (at least 70%);
• observe the drinking regime;
• consult a doctor if the body temperature is above 38.5 ° C or if it rises for a long time;
• urgently call emergency help if the hyperthermia reaches 40 ° C and above.

Contraindications to use: encephalopathy of unknown etiology, thrombocytopenia, bleeding disorders, sensitivity to active substances after a previous vaccination. In immunocompromised patients, the necessary immune response may not develop.

Infanrix Hexa differs in that an anti-hepatitis component is introduced into the composition of the drug. It is advisable to use it if the dates of vaccination against hepatitis B and DPT coincide, or if there is an individual scheme.

The Hexa package also contains a suspension against hepatitis B. The possibility of joint simultaneous vaccination allows you to reduce the number of vaccinations and not worry about the compatibility of individual components.

Tetraxim and Pentaxim

Consider what improved vaccines are out there. Tetraxim from Sanofi Pasteur contains an additional anti-polio component. The quality of the drug is quite high, which excludes the occurrence of adverse reactions... In the Russian Federation, vaccination of children against poliomyelitis coincides with DTP, therefore it is convenient to use Tetraxim: three injections of Tetraxim can replace 6 traditional DTP.

Pentaxim, as the name implies, protects against 5 diseases. It contains additional components against hemophilic infection and poliomyelitis.

Pentaxim is not used for:

• hypersensitivity to its components;
• encephalopathy;
• severe reaction (hyperthermia, long crying, convulsions) within 2 days after the previous administration of the pertussis component;
• chronic diseases in the acute stage;
• during ARI even with slight hyperthermia.

Which vaccine should you choose?

The Russian vaccine can be replaced with paid analogs of DTP produced abroad. Their main advantage is the special production technology described above, which minimizes the load on the body, but at the same time ensures the expected response of the immune system.

Another advantage of imported vaccinations is their convenience:

• comprehensively form immunity to several infections at once;
• the drug is poured into disposable syringes, ready for use.

According to the results of studies of DPT types, all of the above vaccines are equally effective. However, imported vaccines are preferred for two reasons:

1. Combination. This significantly reduces the number of visits to the medical facility and the number of injections.
2. Convenient form of release in ready-made kits. Syringes, needles, dosage - everything is selected so that the injection itself would cause as little discomfort as possible.

The most important criterion is safety. In the case when the doctor is convinced that the child's body is weakened, ADS is prescribed instead of DTP.

Which vaccine is the best is an intractable question. If funds are available, you can choose a more expensive one. However, the high price is not a guarantee of quality. Not every family can afford to pay as much as 1 injection costs, therefore, in most cases, the domestic vaccine is preferred.

Possible reactions to vaccinations and necessary care for the child

There are side reactions to DPT: edema at the injection site and hyperthermia. DPT is not a dangerous drug for a child's health, but on the contrary, a means of forming a reliable, stable and high-quality protection against a number of severe infections in one's own.

Immediately after the injection, it is recommended not to leave the medical institution for 20-30 minutes, so that the doctor has the opportunity to provide the child with emergency assistance in full in case of a severe allergic reaction. It is also better to postpone such events as: a walk, water treatments and massage. Over the next 3 days, it is necessary to pay close attention to the behavior and condition of the child, to control his temperature. Any symptoms that appear later than 3 days, as a rule, are not the consequences of vaccination.

The expected predicted reactions after DPT vaccination include the following:

• Elevated body temperature from 1 to 3 days, so it is necessary to prepare antipyretic drugs in advance. If the temperature before bedtime does not exceed 38 ° C, then it is better to put a suppository (candle) for the child. If the temperature exceeds this threshold, it is recommended to use anti-inflammatory drugs in the form of syrup (Ibuprofen, Nurofen, Nimesulide).

• Soreness, redness, and swelling at the injection site. To eliminate this symptom, it is usually recommended to use an alcohol compress.
• Disruption of the functioning of the limb into which the injection was made, its soreness or lameness. In this case, it is recommended to massage the leg, wipe it off with a warm towel.
• Headache, malaise, general weakness.
• Indigestion, diarrhea. To prevent such unpleasant reactions, the child is not recommended to feed for 1.5 hours before and after vaccination. When diarrhea occurs, use Smecta, Enterosgel, activated carbon;
• Prolonged crying, moodiness, irritability, sleep disturbance.
• A cough can manifest itself as a reaction of the body to the pertussis component. Usually, this symptom goes away on its own within 3-4 days, does not require medication. If the child has been coughing for a week, then this may be a sign of an infectious disease that is not associated with vaccination.
• Decreased appetite or complete refusal to eat.
• The rash goes away on its own after a few days. With severe itching, antihistamines are recommended.

For the formation of persistent immunity, vaccinations must be repeated periodically. After each subsequent injection, the general reaction of the body becomes less pronounced, but the local symptoms are more pronounced.

Is it mandatory to get this vaccine?

The immunization program of the population provides for a vaccination schedule, which is designed so that with age the child develops a sufficiently strong immunity against various pathogens. If you deviate from this schedule, no one can guarantee 100% protection of the child's body from these infections.

Whichever vaccine is preferred, domestic or imported, it is necessary to check the authenticity of the drug and the conditions for its storage. The high cost of imported funds significantly affects the frequency of their choice by parents.

There is an extreme in the approach to vaccination: parents completely refuse to vaccinate their children, they find many arguments why the child should not be vaccinated, citing the fact that these diseases no longer occur in their pure form. This position of adults is unacceptable. The choice of vaccines in Russia is large enough, you can choose another effective drug to replace the proposed one with minimal adverse reactions.

DPT is one of the most serious injections with frequent negative post-vaccination reactions, regardless of the composition of the vaccine. DPT is received only by children examined the day before, who must be closely monitored for the next 3 days. If negative reactions appear, you should immediately contact a medical institution. The final decision whether to give the child a DPT vaccine with the proposed drug or not is made by the parents. However, you should not be guided only by personal prejudices - it is important to study the issue together with the attending physician.

Vaccination against diphtheria, whooping cough and tetanus is mandatory and very important for every child. However, when faced with a violent reaction of the baby's body to the first vaccination, with fever and severe pain, parents ask themselves: are there other vaccines that are easily tolerated by the child's body?

There are foreign DPT vaccinations - these are Infanrix, Infanrix Hexa and Pentaxim. What is the difference between them? Is it possible to put them on the child instead of those that are done routinely in the clinic? Should I buy an expensive foreign vaccine or just endure another vaccination?

General information about vaccines, their composition and action

Since 1940, general immunization of the population has been carried out in Russia. There is an approved National Vaccination Schedule, which everyone adheres to. medical institutions... When a child is just born, he is given the first vaccinations against hepatitis B and tuberculosis.

Doctors consider the vaccine against three very dangerous, even fatal, diseases to be the main for the formation of childhood immunity:

• diphtheria - an acute infectious disease that affects the upper respiratory tract;
• whooping cough, leading to pneumonia, seizures and respiratory arrest;
• tetanus - a soil infection, accompanied by seizures and problems with the nervous system.

Statistics speaks of the severity of these diseases. So, before universal vaccination, the death rate from tetanus was 90%, and from diphtheria - 25%.

DTP is the name of a vaccination drug produced in Russia, but for convenience, this is the name for all vaccines against these diseases. Foreign vaccines differ from Russian ones in many ways.

The imported ones do not contain formalin and merthiolate, since these substances are prohibited in the United States and the European Union. They also lack the acellular anti-pertussis component, which is why they are better tolerated by children of any age.

Many foreign vaccines are produced in combination against poliomyelitis, hepatitis B and other diseases. However, they are not included in the child's health insurance, and you will have to pay for such vaccination.

Domestic DTP vaccine

In the clinic, the baby will be supplied with the Russian vaccine free of charge by default. It is inexpensive compared to Pentaxim and Infanrix, and not very modern. In its composition, it contains dead pertussis microbes, diphtheria and tetanus toxoid.

Toxoids are widely used in the production of vaccines. They are produced by pathogens, but after heat treatment they become harmless. At the same time, toxoids retain antigenic activity, that is, they form immunity in a child.

Merthiolate (thiomersal), an organometallic compound of mercury, is used as a preservative, antiseptic, and also to protect against fungus. This dangerous substance, very toxic, carcinogenic, causing allergies, is a mutagen.

The dose of merthiolate contained in the domestic vaccine is not dangerous for little child... However, in the body of a newborn, the level of mercury compounds after immunization decreases only after a month. It is this compound that often causes parents to refuse vaccination with Russian drugs.

DTP is used only up to the age of 4 years. When choosing which vaccine to vaccinate your baby, it should be remembered that the WHO has approved the domestic vaccine.

French vaccine Pentaxim

There is a French vaccine similar to DTP. Unlike the domestic one, it protects the baby from polio and hemophilic infection. Pentaxim additionally contains inactivated poliomyelitis virus, and the pertussis virus in its composition is split, its envelope is removed.

In addition, unlike DPT and the polio vaccine, Pentaxim is better tolerated. It reduces the risk of developing vaccine-associated poliomyelitis, that is, arising precisely due to vaccination. This is also evidenced by the multiple reviews of parents about the vaccine on the Internet.

Belgian vaccines Infanrix and Infanrix Hexa

In addition to the French vaccine Pentaxim, there is another drug on the Russian pharmacy market - the Belgian analogue Infanrix. It is intended for vaccination against whooping cough, diphtheria and tetanus. Includes components similar to the French vaccine.

Infanrix Hexa additionally contains a vaccine against hepatitis B, hemophilus influenzae and poliomyelitis. It additionally contains neomycin and polymyxin. The vaccine is contraindicated for antibiotic sensitivity. The subjective assessment of this drug by the parents is also very high.

Which drug to choose: imported or domestic?

What are the significant differences between domestic and imported vaccines? When choosing, you should be guided by important parameters: vaccination schedule, composition of the drug, possible complications and post-vaccination reactions:

• Pentaxim and Infanrix are acellular, acellular vaccines, which are why they are better tolerated by babies. They are much less likely to give post-vaccination reactions in the form of hyperthermia, edema and redness in the place where the injection was delivered. The Russian drug belongs to whole-cell vaccines, it contains whooping cough cells. After it, there are often post-vaccination complications.

• Foreign vaccines, unlike Russian ones, do not contain a harmful and highly allergenic component - merthiolate. He is the cause of some negative reactions. They also lack formalin.
• Pentaxim additionally protects against poliomyelitis and hemophilic infection, which means that it will be necessary to vaccinate the child less often, to give fewer injections. This is undoubtedly better, because for the baby each procedure is a lot of stress.
• In foreign vaccinations, the immune response is 2-3% lower. However, given the revaccination, this difference becomes imperceptible.
• DTP is delivered free of charge at the clinic. Packaging Pentaxim and Infanrix will cost on average 1,500 rubles. You can buy them at the pharmacy or get the vaccine at a private clinic. For comparison, the price for a pack of a Russian drug in a pharmacy is about 200 rubles.
• Foreign vaccines in the package are already packaged in disposable syringes, through which the vaccination is carried out, which means that there is no risk of infection through a non-sterile syringe. As a rule, being vaccinated with a domestic drug in a polyclinic, one cannot know for sure that everything was done correctly.

Although parents of children with allergies, it may be worthwhile to immediately make a choice in favor of Infanrix or Pentaxim, since the risk of allergy to a domestic drug is very high.

Is there a difference in the vaccination schedule?

There is no difference in the vaccination schedule for whooping cough, diphtheria and tetanus between foreign and domestic vaccines. Vaccination is done according to the scheme according to the National Vaccination Calendar:

• at 3 months;
• at 4-5 months (exactly 30-45 days after the first vaccination) (for more details, see the article: what vaccination is given to a child at 5 months old?);
• at 6 months;
• at 18 months;
• at 6-7 years old;
• at the age of 14.

Are there any differences in adverse reactions?

You should prepare for vaccination against diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, regardless of the drug - whether it is DPT, Infanrix or Pentaxim:

• give the baby an antihistamine in 3 days;
• make sure that the child is healthy, measure the body temperature.

Only an absolutely healthy child is allowed to be vaccinated!

This will prevent the development of adverse reactions. For all vaccines, they are about the same:

• allergic reaction, rash, urticaria;
• Quincke's edema, anaphylactic shock;
• infectious toxic shock;
• convulsions;
• redness and induration at the injection site;
• an increase in body temperature up to 39-40 ° С;
• hypotension.

Such reactions occur much less frequently with imported, cell-free vaccines. For the safety of the baby, you should spend 30 minutes after the vaccination in the clinic, so that in case of a severe post-vaccination reaction, he will receive urgent medical attention. In general, serious reactions occur immediately after the introduction of the vaccine or if the vaccine was given in the presence of absolute contraindications.

Adverse reactions disappear after 3-5 days. In case of fever, it is recommended to give an antipyretic and continue taking antihistamines for a couple of days.

How to behave in the event of a particular reaction, the doctor will tell you before vaccination. He can also postpone or cancel the vaccination if there are contraindications.

Do contraindications differ?

There is also no significant difference in contraindications. There are absolute contraindications for all vaccines:

• hypersensitivity to the components of the drug;
• encephalopathy;
• some diseases of the nervous system;
• tuberculosis;
• hepatitis;
• violation of blood clotting;
• HIV infection;
• very bad reaction to previous vaccination.

And relative:

• acute illness of an infectious and non-infectious nature;
• increased body temperature;
• vomiting, nausea, malaise, loose stools.

Are vaccines interchangeable?

Doctors differ on this score. Some believe that the baby should be revaccinated with the same drug. Others - that it makes no sense to replace the domestic vaccine with Pentaxim or Infanrix. There are no confirmed contraindications for replacement.

It should be borne in mind that Pentaxim and Infanrix Hexa additionally protect against other diseases and will make changes to the entire vaccination schedule. If you have a severe reaction to DPT, it makes sense to continue to vaccinate with already imported vaccines.

When the question of the need for vaccination against diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis has been resolved (this is how DPT vaccination stands), a new task arises for parents: to decide on a vaccine. The domestic vaccine is considered the most difficult for the child's body, so parents are trying to choose the safest option from imported analogues. Is the imported DTP vaccine really better than the domestic one, is it easier to tolerate and worth the money?

What are the options

The domestic DPT vaccine is a mixture of 3 components: killed whooping cough sticks, inactivated diphtheria and tetanus toxins. It belongs to whole-cell vaccines, and it is precisely because of the presence of the killed pertussis component that it is considered the most dangerous, since after such an injection there is a higher chance of complications.

The name of imported vaccines most common on the Russian market:

1. Infanrix (Belgium): Toxoid is used instead of pertussis germs to ensure that the child will react easily to the vaccine. The immune response after vaccination occurs in 88% of cases.
2. Infanrix-Hexa (Belgium): additionally included component for polio and hepatitis B.
3. Pentaxim (France): Includes polio and haemophilus influenza components.

Cell-free (purified) vaccines are considered safer for the child's body. The number of vaccinations does not depend on the choice of the drug, and they are performed according to the national immunization schedule.

Attention! The most important thing before vaccination: the child must be completely healthy.

An imported or domestic vaccine does not guarantee a good or bad reaction of the child's body; all the side effects after vaccination should be found out in advance. It happens that children tolerate the domestic vaccination well, and lie home with a temperature of 40 degrees after the introduction of an imported drug.

Read on! How many days the temperature lasts after DPT vaccination.

There are also Russian counterparts DPT vaccines, for example, Bubo-kok. It contains a component against hepatitis B, which equates it in terms of concentration of harmful substances with the usual DPT vaccine.

What is the price

Vaccination with the domestic vaccine is carried out by city polyclinics free of charge. The drug is paid for from the state budget. Other drugs are covered by the parents. You can find out how much an imported DPT vaccination costs in pharmacies or by contacting private clinics.

The approximate cost of vaccination in a private clinic:

• Pentaxim - 3600-5000 rubles;
• Infanrix - 2000-3500 rubles;
• Infanrix-Hexa - 3600-5500 rubles.

Do not forget to check in advance about the availability of the necessary vaccinations by calling the medical centers.

Remember! Each private clinic or vaccination office usually includes prices for services in the cost of vaccination, so the price range can be very large.

Where to vaccinate

The question of where to get the vaccine is often a question for parents. If the choice stopped at the usual DPT vaccine, it can be done in any children's city clinic after being examined by a pediatrician and passing the necessary tests.

City polyclinics usually refuse to administer an injection with a self-purchased drug, since the clinic staff do not know if the vaccine was stored correctly. It is strictly forbidden to inject a vaccine with violations of the storage rules to a child.

If the parents chose an imported vaccine, you need to find out about its availability by yourself calling the medical centers. If a child from birth is observed not by a district pediatrician, but in a private clinic, you can seek advice from your doctor.

Important! If a child is observed in a city polyclinic, but the parents decided to vaccinate him with an imported drug, they have the right to write a refusal to vaccinate with a domestic DPT vaccine, and contact another medical institution.

The decision on vaccination and the choice of the drug is made only by the parents. It is important that the vaccination information is entered on the child's vaccination certificate.

Where do they get the injection

Domestic and imported vaccines are injected intramuscularly into the outer area of ​​the thigh. The injection is not placed subcutaneously or in the area of ​​the buttocks, since the fatty layer interferes with the normal absorption of the drug. Children over one and a half years old are allowed to inject the drug into the deltoid muscle, from 7 years - into the scapular region.

Which vaccine to choose

There is no unequivocal answer which DTP vaccine is better than imported or domestic. Not a single doctor will be able to say with certainty how a child will react to the introduction of a domestic drug, whether the child will not be worse off from an imported vaccine.

When choosing, parents can proceed from considerations of a different nature:

• can they afford to give their child a few costly injections;
• whether their baby is guaranteed safety when choosing an imported vaccine;
• whether they will be able to vaccinate with the drug of their choice in a few months (taking into account the interruptions in the supply of imported vaccines to the territory of Russia);
• can they give the baby an injection with another drug in the absence of the original one they have chosen.

Many children undergo the domestic DPT vaccine without fever, redness, and seals at the injection site. Some children had a high fever and increased swelling at the injection site from imported drugs.

Remember! Protecting your child with the choice of an inactivated vaccine does not mean guaranteeing the complete safety of his health.

You can protect your child by following a few simple rules:

• a ban on vaccination at the time of illness and for 2 weeks after it;
• examination by a doctor and delivery of the necessary tests;
• taking antihistamines a few days before and after vaccination;
• do not allow the introduction of new dishes into the diet of the baby and the nursing mother a week before and after the procedure;
• restrict the child's access to crowded places and playgrounds 2 days before vaccination and 3 days after it;
• do not vaccinate babies with neurological disorders, exacerbations of chronic diseases.

The care of the child's health is in the hands of the parents. Sometimes it just seems impossible to make the right choice. If the baby is healthy, he is likely to react in the same way to domestic and imported vaccines.

Despite the fact that the widespread use of the DPT vaccine has practically saved humanity from the epidemics of whooping cough, tetanus and diphtheria, this vaccine is still viewed with distrust. And for good reason: it can cause quite severe complications, and some side effects (which, however, occur quite rarely) plunge young parents into shock and force an ambulance to be called.

What does DTP mean?

The medical term is interpreted as follows: adsorbed pertussis-diphtheria-tetanus vaccine. This means that a mixture of three vaccines is injected into the child's blood - antibodies to whooping cough, diphtheria and tetanus. All these ailments are deadly to humans.

Complications in children after inoculation with the DPT vaccine arise due to the rare presence of lipopolysaccharides and pertussis toxins in it. It is they who can cause an unpredictable reaction of the immune system within three days after the injection.

What diseases does vaccination protect against?

The DPT vaccine is injected into the baby's body to protect against three dangerous infections: tetanus, pertussis and diphtheria.

Tetanus

Doctors call tetanus an infectious disease, the causative agent of which is considered to be a special ubiquitous bacterium Clostridium tetani, which can penetrate into open wounds on the surface of the epidermis or mucous membranes of a person. Tetanus is characterized by high fever, dehydration, and severe seizures, which are often fatal.

Diphtheria

Diphtheria is an acute infection transmitted both by airborne droplets and by contact, caused by the so-called diphtheria bacillus- Corynebacterium diphtheriae. The disease most often affects the nasopharynx (a fibrinous film forms on the mucous membranes), causing Quincke's edema and asphyxia, another frequent fatal dangerous complication is myocarditis.

Whooping cough

Whooping cough is infectious, mainly childhood disease caused by the bacillus Bordetella pertussis, which is transmitted by airborne droplets. The disease causes uncontrolled spasms of the tracheal muscle and its necrosis, a frequent cough, similar to a bird's cry. Frequent lesions of the heart muscle and lungs, asthma attacks, in babies - severe hypoxia, encephalopathy and convulsions.

DTP vaccination plan

Despite the fact that the DPT vaccination is a vaccination that most often causes any side effects in babies, it must be done: this way you may well save your child's life or save him from disability and other consequences of severe infections.

DTP for babies

Young children are vaccinated four times:

• the first time - at the age of two to three months;
• the second time - one and a half months after the previous one;
• the third time - three months after the first;
• the fourth time (revaccination) - in a year and a half.

Compulsory vaccination against diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis is recommended (but not required) before the baby enters kindergarten.

DTP for adults

Unfortunately, only a quarter of the adult population of our country knows about these recommendations and adheres to them, and they often give a "tetanus shot" only when the body has already become infected - with severe soft tissue injuries, animal bites.

Compulsory DPT vaccination of the entire population in the Soviet period practically expelled the epidemics of diphtheria and tetanus, and much fewer children suffered from whooping cough (and the disease was easier than that of the unvaccinated). However, in our time, many again begin to refuse vaccines, which gives rise to outbreaks of epidemics of dangerous infections.

Contraindications to vaccination

Doctors distinguish two groups of contraindications for DTP vaccination:

• Relative contraindications:
  1. Recently suffered acute respiratory infections or acute respiratory viral infections, as well as exacerbation of seasonal allergies - are reasons to postpone the vaccination until complete recovery to exclude complications.
  2. Neurological ailments are a reason to postpone vaccination until a period of calm (no progression of neurology).
• Absolute contraindications:
  1. Diseases of the central nervous system in progress.
  2. Previously present convulsive syndrome against a background of high body temperatures.

In the presence of absolute contraindications, babies are vaccinated with the ADS vaccine - a pertussis option that extremely rarely causes a reaction in children.

Who needs to be vaccinated?

• polycystic;
• bronchial asthma;
• chronic liver disease;
• diseases of the heart and blood vessels;
• chronic kidney disease;
• neurology in remission.

The fact is that a successful outcome with possible infection diphtheria, tetanus or whooping cough among these children is unlikely - the infection can kill them or make them deeply disabled.

When is the best time to postpone the vaccination?

• in case of severe ARI, ARVI;
• during other serious illnesses;
• with progressive neurology;
• if you have a strong reaction to a previous dose of vaccine.

In the latter case, pediatricians are advised to purchase an analogue of the domestic vaccine - Pentaxim. The foreign drug does not cause side effects due to the replacement of the whole-cell component of pertussis with acellular one and is well tolerated by children.

Vaccination AKDS: side effects

During a traditional examination by a pediatrician before vaccination, doctors often warn mothers that they need to monitor the baby for at least 24 hours after vaccination - it is during this period that 99% of severe complications develop.

The consequences of DPT vaccination can be:

• The child's temperature rises. The complication is considered a completely normal immune response to foreign antibodies, and you will most likely be warned about this by a pediatrician or nurse in the treatment room. When the temperature rises above the 38.5 ° C mark, it is necessary to give the child an antipyretic drug. Which one - ask the doctor, he will also prescribe a dosage corresponding to the age and weight of the baby. If the reaction turns out to be unexpectedly strong and the temperature rises to 39 ° C and above, convulsions have joined, call an ambulance, it is better to treat such complications under the supervision of experienced doctors.
• Sleep disorders in a baby associated with itching and discomfort in the area of ​​the injection, as well as neurological features. If a child's leg hurts after DPT (he may limp slightly on the first day, "take care" of it), lubricate the injection site with ointment (a prescription can be obtained from a pediatrician in advance).
• Lethargy, lack of appetite is also a normal reaction of the body. Do not burden the baby, let him lie down alone - soon acute period will pass.
• Tearfulness, anxiety crumbs.
• Thigh thickening and redness at the injection site. If it does not bleed or itch, its diameter is less than 2-3 cm - this is the norm. A constantly growing spot size of more than 3 cm is a reason to see a doctor. Attention! The injection must not be heated, scratched and rubbed! Wipe the injection site with alcohol if necessary.
• Cough, runny nose and other ARVI symptoms that occur after vaccination are not the consequences of vaccination, but indicate the child's weak immunity. In addition, in the clinic, where sick children are often brought in for examination, it is easy to catch an infection.

Severe complications after DPT

The following symptoms are very rare, but parents should be aware of them and be prepared if they occur, immediately take the baby to the hospital:

• Shrill scream syndrome (occurs in infants under the age of six months) is an extremely rare neurological complication after vaccination. It is characterized by a sharp and piercing childish cry that lasts for hours. Take the baby to a specialist immediately!
• Convulsive syndrome occurs more often and is accompanied by a high body temperature, which is very dangerous. Sometimes children lose consciousness from seizures.
• Exacerbation or first manifestations of chronic diseases (diathesis, bronchial asthma, etc.).

What to do after vaccination?

To possibly prevent and alleviate the consequences of vaccinating an infant, parents should behave as follows:

1. A couple of hours after the DPT vaccination, the baby can be given a dose of the antipyretic agent recommended by the pediatrician.
2. At night, give the crumbs an antihistamine (the pediatrician will prescribe the name and dosage to the child in accordance with his age, weight and developmental characteristics).
3. V night period, if possible, approach the baby to check how he sleeps. It would be ideal to spend the night in the same bed.
4. Give as much drink as possible: offer your child favorite drinks (jelly, juices, compote, sweet tea).
5. Do not introduce new complementary foods to the child within 10-14 days after vaccination.
6. If the baby is breastfed, the mother is prohibited from eating new foods and drinks; if possible, it is recommended to exclude potential allergens for at least three to four days.
7. Exclude contact with strangers for two to three days after the DPT vaccination: the child's immunity is weak, he can easily pick up an infection.
8. Ventilate the nursery often.
9. Take a walk in the fresh air (if there is no temperature).

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Issues related to vaccination of a child against infectious diseases are of concern to all parents. One of the first vaccinations that a baby receives in the very early age is a DPT vaccine. That is why the greatest number of questions arises - what may be the reaction to the DPT vaccination, how to prepare the child for the introduction of the vaccine and how to respond to certain changes in the health status of the baby after vaccination. It is also the most talked about vaccine, as most children respond to DPT with fever and sometimes other symptoms.

Let us consider in detail everything that concerns the drug itself, the rules for its use and possible reactions to the DPT vaccine in children.

What diseases do DPT for?

What is the DTP vaccine for? The vaccine contains components against three dangerous infections of bacterial origin - whooping cough, diphtheria and tetanus. Therefore, the abbreviation of the name stands for - adsorbed pertussis-diphtheria-tetanus vaccine.

1. Whooping cough is a rapidly spreading infection that is especially dangerous for children. It is very difficult in infants. Complicated by the defeat of the respiratory system and proceeds with pneumonia, severe cough, convulsions. In the first half of the twentieth century, whooping cough was a significant part of the causes of child mortality.
2. Diphtheria. Bacterial disease causing severe inflammation of the upper respiratory tract. Fibrinous effusion and membranes form in the larynx and trachea, which can lead to suffocation and death.
3. Tetanus is a soil infection, a person becomes infected when bacteria get into wound skin lesions. It is manifested by a violation of muscle innervation and cramps. Without specific treatment high risk of death.

The first vaccines were given to children in the 1940s. Today on the territory of the Russian Federation several drugs are approved for use, but the main one, which is included in the vaccination schedule, is a Russian-made vaccine by the Federal State Unitary Enterprise NPO Microgen of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. This DPT manufacturer uses a pertussis component that consists of inactivated pertussis germs. The DPT vaccine has an analogue of foreign production - "Infanrix", as well as similar combined vaccines containing antigens and other infections.

The DPT vaccine contains:

• pertussis component - killed pertussis bacteria in a concentration of 20 billion microbial bodies in 1 ml;
• tetanus toxoid - 30 units;
• diphtheria toxoid - 10 units;
• "Mertiolate" is used as a preservative.

The pertussis component of the vaccine is the most reactogenic, as it contains whole cells of whooping cough rods (Bordetella pertussis). It causes the development of immunity to the bacteria that cause the disease.

Tetanus and diphtheria have a special course. To protect against these diseases, it is necessary that the body has protection not so much from microbes as from the toxins that they produce. Therefore, the composition of the vaccine does not include the pathogens themselves, but their toxins.

Vaccination schedule

When is DPT done? According to the National Vaccination Schedule, the DTP vaccination schedule is as follows.

1. The DPT vaccine is given to children three times at the age of 3, 4½ and 6 months.
2. The interval between injections should be 30–45 days. If for some reason the first vaccination was missed, then they start from the current moment, observing the intervals of one and a half months.
3. Children over four years of age are given the vaccine without the pertussis component.

The maximum interval between vaccinations is 45 days, but if for some reason the administration of the drug was missed, then the second and third vaccinations are done as far as possible - there is no need to do an extra vaccination.

Revaccination of DPT is carried out in the following terms: in a year at the age of one and a half years. If the first injection of the DPT vaccine was made later than three months, then revaccination is carried out 12 months after the third injection.

DTP vaccination for adults is given only if they were not previously vaccinated in childhood. A course of three injections is carried out with an interval of one and a half months.

At the age of 7 and 14, children undergo revaccination against tetanus and diphtheria using the ADS-M vaccine or its analogues. Such revaccinations are necessary to maintain the amount of antibodies and the resistance of the immune system at the proper level.

For adults, booster vaccinations against tetanus and diphtheria are given every ten years.

Description of instructions for use

The DPT vaccine is a white or yellowish suspension, packaged in ampoules. Ampoules are packed in cardboard boxes of 10 pieces.

According to the instructions for the use of DPT, the drug is intended to create immunity to whooping cough, tetanus and diphtheria in children. All children under four years of age should receive four doses of the vaccine. Children who have had whooping cough and have natural immunity to it are injected with the vaccine without the pertussis component (ADS, ADS-M).

Where do you get the DTP vaccine? It is placed intramuscularly in the thigh (quadriceps), and in older children, it is injected into the shoulder. Intravenous administration DPT vaccine is not allowed.

The DPT vaccine can be combined with other vaccinations from the national calendar, making injections in different parts of the body. The only exception is BCG vaccination, it is placed separately with the observance of a certain interval.

Contraindications for DPT

What are the contraindications for the DPT vaccine and when should the vaccine not be given? Contraindications are numerous.

It is often asked whether it is possible to do DTP for teething? Yes, this does not threaten the baby and does not in any way affect the development of immunity. An exception is if the baby's teething is accompanied by a rise in temperature. In this case, the vaccination is postponed until it is normalized.

How to prepare your child for the DPT vaccine

Because the DPT vaccine causes big number post-vaccination reactions and complications, this vaccination requires careful attention from parents and doctors. Here's how to prepare your child for the DPT shot.

1. By the time of vaccination, the child must be examined by all the necessary specialists and not have a medical outlet from them.
2. The child must be healthy, have good performance in blood tests. Do I need to get tested before getting DPT vaccine? Yes, it is necessary. Also, the doctor must conduct full inspection baby and listen to all my mother's complaints.
3. If the baby has a predisposition to allergies - diathesis, rash - a doctor's consultation is necessary. Most often, in this case, the vaccination is done against the background of the preventive administration of antihistamines (often doctors prescribe Fenistil before DPT vaccination). The drug and dosage are selected by the doctor, you cannot prescribe medication to the crumbs on your own.

Preparing for the DTP vaccination of parents immediately before vaccination includes the following.

Do I need to give my child Suprastin before getting DPT? Without a doctor's prescription, no similar drugs... Although taking them does not affect the development of immunity, according to the WHO recommendation, children should not be given antihistamines before preparing for vaccinations.

Post-vaccination care

How to take care of your baby after DPT vaccination? Here are the questions that parents are most concerned about.

1. Do I need to give antipyretic after DPT vaccination? Yes, doctors recommend doing this as a preventive measure, without waiting for a rise in temperature. They can be used as syrup, tablets or suppositories. It is best to put a candle with ibuprofen on the baby at night.
2. Is it possible to walk after the DPT vaccination? There are no restrictions on outdoor activities. After visiting the vaccination room, sit in the hallway for a short time (15–20 minutes) in case of a severe allergic reaction. Then you can take a short walk. Walking is canceled only if there is a temperature or other general reaction to the vaccine.
3. When can I bathe my child after DPT vaccination? It is better to refrain from bathing on the day of vaccination. In the early days, try not to wet the injection site, but it's okay if water gets on the wound - do not rub it with a washcloth and do not wash it with soap.
4. Can I massage after DPT vaccination? There are no direct contraindications, but usually massage therapists recommend abstaining for 2-3 days. You can either shift the massage course or postpone the vaccination for several days until the massage is over.

On the day of vaccination and three days after it, you need to carefully monitor the baby's health, if necessary, measure the body temperature.

Possible reactions to the DPT vaccine

According to various sources, from 30 to 50% of children, one way or another, react to the DPT vaccine. What reactions are considered normal and how can you help your baby cope with them? Most of all symptoms occur within the first 24 hours after the injection, but the reaction can occur within three days. It should be noted that if the symptoms appeared later than three days after vaccination (fever, diarrhea, acute respiratory infections), then this is no longer a reaction to the DPT vaccine, but an independent infection, which, unfortunately, is easy to catch after visiting our clinics.

Distinguish between local and general reactions to the DPT vaccine. Local changes include changes in the skin and subcutaneous tissue at the injection site.

1. A slight redness forms at the injection site after DPT vaccination. What to do? If the speck is small, then don't worry. This reaction is typical for the introduction of a foreign agent. After a day or a little more, the redness will disappear.
2. Also, a compaction after DPT vaccination is considered a normal reaction. What to do in this case? To accelerate resorption, lubricate the swelling with Troxevasin gel. The lump and lump should dissolve within 10-14 days. A lump at the injection site can also form if part of the vaccine was mistakenly injected into the subcutaneous tissue. In this case, the resorption of the vaccine will occur more slowly, but this will not affect the health of the baby and the formation of immunity.
3. At the injection site, the baby often feels soreness. It is strongly or weakly expressed, depending on individual sensitivity. Sometimes for this reason, after the DPT vaccination, the child is lame, as it protects the sore leg. Applying ice to the injection site will help alleviate the baby's condition. If the pain does not go away for a long time, then they consult a doctor.

Common reactions include systemic manifestations, including those of an allergic nature.

Other reactions to the DPT vaccine include decreased appetite, restless behavior, nervousness, moodiness, and drowsiness.

Temperature and allergic reactions develop more often in response to the second injection of the DPT vaccine, when the body is already familiar with its antigens. Therefore, how the second DPT is transferred, it is possible to judge how the child will transfer subsequent vaccinations. In case of severe reactions or allergies, DPT is replaced with lighter analogs or the introduction of the pertussis component is completely excluded.

When to see a doctor

In rare cases, a child will develop a severe reaction to the DPT vaccine. This situation requires immediate medical attention. Take the baby to the hospital or call the pediatrician if there is following signs:

• persistent crying lasting more than three hours;
• swelling at the injection site larger than 8 cm in diameter;
• temperature above 39 ° C, which is not confused by antipyretic drugs.

It is also necessary to consult a doctor if symptoms appear that are characteristic of complications of DPT.

Complications of the DPT vaccine

Typical reactions the DPT vaccine passes without a trace for several days. But complications and side effects differ in that they require treatment and can cause serious harm to the health of the child. What is the danger of DTP vaccination in this regard?

Analogs of DPT

The domestic DPT vaccine is given to children free of charge according to the vaccination schedule. At the request of the parents, paid vaccines of foreign production can be used instead. Their common advantage is that they do not contain mercury compounds as preservatives.

One of the analogues of DPT is the Tetracoc vaccine. It additionally includes inactivated polio virus. However, judging by the reviews, the drug has a reactogenicity similar to DTP.

To reduce the likelihood of adverse reactions to vaccination, imported DTP analogues made on the basis of acellular pertussis component are used.
These include:

• Infanrix, manufacturer GlaxoSmithKline;
• Infanrix IPV (polio added);
• Infanrix Hexa (plus polio, hepatitis B and HIB);
• Pentaxim produced by Sanofi Aventis Pasteur, France - from five diseases (pertussis, tetanus, diphtheria, poliomyelitis and HIB infection).

In conclusion, we can say that the DPT vaccination is one of the most serious vaccinations, often causing post-vaccination reactions. The child must be prepared for vaccination in advance, undergo all the necessary examinations, if necessary, get advice from specialists. DTP vaccination is carried out only to healthy children, after which the baby is closely watched for three days. If the temperature rises, they give antipyretic drugs, and if signs of a strong reaction develop, they consult a doctor.

You can rate the article:

Actually, this vaccine has been canceled in many countries! And in Russia they do it, it is very dangerous vaccination I would not make it my children !!!

Do not do this, only then do not complain if your child gets sick and the doctors cannot do anything! The decision to not vaccinate the child was made by you!
I am amazed by modern mothers, do you want the return of epidemics of such serious diseases? When did entire cities die out? Poliomyelitis should have been eradicated by the year 2000, but because of such "vaccine-opponents" mothers, the danger of this disease still exists!

154+

Razil, poliomyelitis has not been registered in the Russian Federation since 1998. But this is so, as information. To believe that infectious disease epidemics are caused by refusal to vaccinate is a rare folly. Read at least a little information and scientific (!) Literature on this topic. Of course, it is much more difficult to read, study, analyze, fish out information on grains among the propaganda cries and pseudo-statistics than to aggressively attack those who have a different opinion on this issue. I dare not even think that I will make you think about this topic at least for a moment. Well, I will ask at least one question: Do you really think that it is possible to exterminate all infectious diseases and get a "sterile" world ?! Epidemics need to be prevented, and there are many other ways besides the dubiously effective and dangerous vaccination.

My son miraculously survived the DPT.
The consequences are for life!
An encephalopathic reaction, a terrible thing! We fought for the life of my child for three days!

In a month we received the first vaccination. After her, we lost our appetite, although the doctors did not say that this was a reaction to DPT. For feeding, the child ate 20 grams. Then we were prescribed Elkar and the appetite gradually returned, the baby began to eat and gain weight, in 2 months without appetite, the child gained 180 grams. At 4.5, we were given a second vaccination, the reaction is the same, the child refuses to eat. Our pediatrician said it wasn't because of the vaccine. It turns out he is just a LITTLE EATER. Soon we are 6 months old, the time of the 3rd vaccination is approaching, I don't even know what to do. And when I told the doctors about the analogue, they told me not to invent and not spend money.

This is the first time I hear that the vaccine is given in a month.

They got the second vaccination at 6 months, after 18 days he began to wipe the pus from the injection point. What to do?

Asthma started after being vaccinated at age 4
👏👏👏

In the first grade, they got vaccinated, in the place where the injection was placed (buttock), everything was swollen, reddened, and then a rash began. Now we are studying in grade 3 for a rash on the buttocks and hips, what is not treated with, including hormonal ointments, the result is zero ... What to do?

(copied the article from another site, maybe someone will be interested in reading it)

The DPT vaccine is given for the prevention of diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus in a child.

All three infections can be prevented with preventive vaccinations... Children under 4 years of age are injected with DPT - a vaccine, and as an alternative on a commercial basis, foreign drugs registered in our country can be used - TETRAKOK, BUBO KOK and (more about vaccines will be described below). Vaccines DTP and TETRAKOK are whole-cell vaccines, as they contain killed cells of the causative agent of whooping cough, diphtheria and tetanus toxoid. TETRAKOK also includes a polio vaccine containing cells from the killed pathogen. INFANRIX is an acellular vaccine, as it contains only individual particles of the pertussis microorganism. It also contains diphtheria and tetanus toxoids.

Depending on the constituents of the pertussis component, vaccines differ in their reactogenicity (the ability to induce a reaction to the vaccine). Acellular vaccines (INFANRIX) are less reactogenic, since they contain only the basic elements of the microbe (proteins) sufficient for the formation of immunity, without other, less essential substances and impurities. Whole-cell vaccines (DTP, TETRAKOK) contain the entire microbe cell, and this is a whole set of substances foreign to the human body, provoking a pronounced response, including in the form of post-vaccination complications. After the introduction of acellular vaccines in children, post-vaccination reactions (fever, malaise, soreness and swelling at the injection site) develop many times less often, these drugs practically do not cause post-vaccination complications, which, although very rarely, occur when whole-cell vaccines are used.

DTP vaccines.

Tetanus adsorbed liquid - DTP

manufactured by FSUE NPO Microgen, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Russia

Release form: 1 ampoule / 2 doses No. 10

Vaccination schedule:

prophylaxis of diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus according to the National Vaccination Calendar in children three times with an interval of 1.5 months (3 months - 4.5 months - 6 months).

Instructions for use. Vaccine diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis adsorbed liquid (DTP vaccine) suspension for injection

Composition. DTP vaccine consists of a suspension of killed pertussis microbes and purified tetanus and diphtheria toxoids, adsorbed on aluminum hydroxide.

Preservative - merthiolate at a concentration of 0.01%. Contains in 1 ml of the preparation 20 billion pertussis microbial cells, 30 flocculating units (LF) of diphtheria antitoxin-binding units (EC) of tetanus toxoid. One primary dose (0.5 ml) contains at least 30 international immunizing units (MIE) of diphtheria toxoid, at least 60 MIE of tetanus toxoid and at least 4 international protective units of pertussis vaccine. It is a suspension of white or slightly yellowish color, which separates on standing into a transparent liquid and a loose precipitate that easily breaks up when shaken.

Properties. The introduction of the DTP vaccine into the human body causes the formation of specific immunity against whooping cough, diphtheria and tetanus.

Appointment. The drug is intended for routine prophylaxis of whooping cough, diphtheria and tetanus in children from 3 months of age according to a special scheme.

Application. DTP vaccinations are carried out at the age of 3 months. Until the age of 3 years 11 months 29 days. (Vaccinations for children who have had whooping cough are carried out with ADS-toxoid). DTP vaccine is injected intramuscularly into the upper outer quadrant of the buttock at a dose of 0.5 ml (single vaccination dose). The vaccination course consists of 3 vaccinations with an interval of 1.5 months (3 months, 4.5 months, 6 months.) DTP vaccine can be administered simultaneously with polio vaccine and other drugs on the national immunization schedule. Revaccination is carried out once at the age of 18 months. (in case of violation of the terms of vaccinations - 12-13 months after the last DTP vaccination).

Note: If the child is under 3 years old 11 months 29 days. has not received revaccination with DTP vaccine, then it is carried out with ADS-toxoid (for ages 4 years - 5 years 11 months 29 days) or ADS - M-toxoid (6 years and older)

Contraindications Progressive diseases of the nervous system. History of afebrile seizures. The development of a strong general reaction to the previous administration of the DTP vaccine (an increase in temperature in the first two days to 40 and above) or complications.

Note.

1. Children with contraindications to the use of DTP vaccine can be vaccinated with DTP - toxoid.

2. If the child is vaccinated twice, the course of vaccination against diphtheria and tetanus is considered complete, if the child received one vaccination, vaccination can be continued with ADS-M-toxoid, which is administered once, no earlier than 3 months later. In both cases, the first revaccination is performed with ADS-M-toxoid after 9-12 months. After the last vaccination. If the complication develops after the third DTP vaccination, the first revaccination is performed with DTP-M toxoid 12-18 months later. Subsequent revaccinations are carried out at 7, 14 and every subsequent 10 years with ADS-M-toxoid.

Release form. DTP is produced in ampoules of 1.0 ml (2 inoculation doses). The package contains 10 ampoules.

Storage. Store in a dry, dark place at a temperature of (6 ± 2) ° С. Protect from freezing!

Shelf life. 1 year 6 months

Infanrix ™ / INFANRIX ™ (diphtheria, whooping cough, tetanus)

INFANRIX ™ combined diphteria, tetanus, acellular pertussis vaccine GlaxoSmithKline J07A X

COMPOSITION AND FORM OF ISSUE: suspension. d / in. syringe 0.5 ml, 1 dose, No. 1

One dose (0.5 ml) contains at least 30 International Immunizing Units (MIE) of diphtheria toxoid, at least 40 MIE of tetanus toxoid and 25 μg of detoxified pertussis toxin, and 25 μg of filamentous hemagglutinin and 8 μg of pertactin. Diphtheria and tetanus toxoids obtained from cultures of Corynebacterium diphteriae and Clostridium tetani are inactivated and purified. The acellular pertussis vaccine components are prepared by growing a phase I culture of Bordetella pertussis, from which PT, FHA and pertactin are extracted and purified.

INDICATIONS: active primary immunization against diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis in children from 3 months of age.

APPLICATION: The primary vaccination regimen consists of three doses in the first year of life and can begin at 3 months of age followed by a booster dose in the 2nd and 6th years of life.

Infanrix vaccine is intended for deep intramuscular injection. Infanrix vaccine should be administered with caution to persons with thrombocytopenia or blood clotting disorders, since local bleeding may appear in such persons when administered intramuscularly. The injection site must be firmly pressed (without rubbing) for at least 2 minutes.

CONTRAINDICATIONS: Infanrix vaccine should not be administered to persons with known hypersensitivity to any component of the vaccine or to persons who have noted signs of hypersensitivity after a previous vaccine administration for the prevention of diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis.

The administration of Infanrix is ​​contraindicated in children if the child has previously been diagnosed with encephalopathy of unknown etiology within 7 days after the previous administration of the vaccine containing the pertussis component. In this case, the course of vaccination should be continued with a vaccine with diphtheria and tetanus components.

SIDE EFFECTS: pain, flushing, swelling, fever, atypical crying or screaming, vomiting, diarrhea, loss of appetite.

INTERACTIONS: Infanrix vaccine can be used simultaneously with other vaccines intended for immunization in children. The vaccine can be used in the same syringe with vaccines to prevent diseases caused by Haemophilus influenzae (type B). Places of vaccine administration must necessarily be different. In patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy, as well as in immunocompromised patients, a sufficient immune response may not develop.

STORAGE CONDITIONS: in a dry, dark place at a temperature of 2–8 ° С, do not freeze. The vaccine should be administered immediately after opening the bottle (no more than 8 hours after opening the bottle).

INFANRIX ™ IPV

combination vaccine for the prevention of diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis (acellular component) and polio (INFANRIX ™ IPV)

GlaxoSmithKline J07C A02

COMPOSITION AND FORM OF ISSUE: suspension. d / in. 0.5 ml syringe disposable, 1 dose, No. 1

A 0.5 ml vaccine dose contains at least 30 IU of diphtheria toxoid, at least 40 IU of tetanus toxoid, 25 μg of pertussis toxoid, 25 μg of filamentous hemagglutinin, 8 μg of pertactin; 40 D-antigenic units of type 1, 8 D-antigenic units of type 2 and 32 D-antigenic units of type 3 of inactivated poliomyelitis virus.

PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES: Infanrix IPV is a combination vaccine for the prevention of diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis / acellular component / DTPa and poliomyelitis (IPV).

INDICATIONS: prevention of diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis and poliomyelitis in children from 2 months of age. Infanrix IPV vaccine is also indicated as a booster (booster) dose for children who have previously been immunized with diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis and polio antigens.

APPLICATION: The primary vaccination regimen consists of 3 doses in the first year of life and can begin at the age of 3 months. An interval of at least 1.5 months should be adhered to between the introduction of subsequent doses. Typically, the vaccine is given to a child as young as 3; 4-5 and 6 months with revaccination at 18 months. After the completion of the primary vaccination regimen, an interval of at least 6 months should be maintained for the administration of the booster dose. Clinical data on booster dose use of this vaccine have been obtained in children under 13 years of age.

Infanrix IPV vaccine is intended for deep intramuscular injection. For infants, the predominant injection site is the anterolateral thigh; in older children, the vaccine should be injected into the deltoid muscle. Each subsequent dose is desirably administered at alternate sites.

CONTRAINDICATIONS: Infanrix IPV vaccine should not be administered to persons who are hypersensitive to any component of the vaccine or who show signs of hypersensitivity after previous administration of vaccines for the prevention of diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis or inactivated vaccines for the prevention of poliomyelitis.

The administration of Infanrix IPV vaccine is contraindicated if the child has had encephalopathy of unknown etiology within 7 days after the previous vaccination with the vaccine containing the pertussis component.

SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS: Infanrix IPV vaccine should not be administered to persons with known hypersensitivity to any component of the vaccine or to persons who have shown signs of hypersensitivity after previous administration of vaccines for the prevention of diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis or inactivated vaccines for the prevention of poliomyelitis. Infanrix IPV is contraindicated if the child has an encephalopathy of unknown etiology within 7 days after the previous vaccination with the vaccine containing the pertussis component. Under no circumstances should Infanrix IPV be given IV.

STORAGE CONDITIONS: Infanrix IPV vaccine should be stored at 2–8 ° C in a dark place. Cannot be frozen; do not use if Infanrix IPV vaccine has been frozen.

Infanrix ™ HEXA / Infanrix ™ HEXA

diphtheria, whooping cough, tetanus, hepatitis B, polio, Haemophilus influenzae type b

INFANRIX ™ HEXA combined vaccine for the prevention of diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis (acellular component), hepatitis B, poliomyelitis and the disease caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b (INFANRIX ™ HEXA combined diphtheria, enhanced tetanus, acellular pertussis in hepatitis B vaccine, polio and Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine (DTPa-HBV-IPV / Hib))

GlaxoSmithKline J07C A09

COMPOSITION AND FORM OF ISSUE: suspension. d / in. disposable syringe, + lyophil. since. d / in. in fl., no. 1

Contains diphtheria toxoid, tetanus toxoid, 3 purified pertussis antigens (pertussis toxoid (PT), filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA) and pertactin (PRN; 69 kDa outer membrane protein), purified basic surface antigen (HBsAg) of hepatitis B virus) and HBV purified polyribosyl ribitol phosphate capsular polysaccharide (PRP) Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), covalently linked to tetanus toxoid, adsorbed on aluminum salts The vaccine also contains inactivated type 3 poliomyelitis viruses (IPV) (type 1: Mahoney strain 2 : strain MEF-1; type 3: strain Saukett).

The drug is a suspension (DTPa-HBV-IPV) for injection in a disposable syringe and a lyophilized powder (Hib) for injection in a vial, which are mixed before use.

Tetanus and diphtheria toxoids are obtained by treating purified Corynebacterium diphtheriae and Clostridium tetani toxins with formaldehyde. Acellular pertussis vaccine components are obtained by extraction and purification from phase I cultures of Bordetella pertussis, which are accompanied by irreversible detoxification of pertussis toxin by treatment with glutaraldehyde and formaldehyde, and formaldehyde treatment with FHA and PRN. Diphtheria toxoid, tetanus toxoid and components of the acellular pertussis vaccine are adsorbed on aluminum salts. DTPa-HBV-IPV components are prepared in isotonic sodium chloride solution and contain 2-phenoxyethanol.

The HBV surface antigen is produced by a culture of yeast cells (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) obtained by the method genetic engineering which carry the gene encoding HBsAg. This surface antigen is thoroughly purified by physicochemical methods. It spontaneously transforms into spherical particles with a diameter of 20 nm, which contain non-glycosylated antigen polypeptides and a lipid matrix consisting mainly of phospholipids having the characteristic properties of natural HBsAg. Poliovirus types 3 are cultured on the VERO cell line, purified and inactivated with formaldehyde. The Hib polysaccharide is prepared from the Hib strain 20752 and combined with tetanus toxoid. After purification, the conjugate is adsorbed onto aluminum salts and lyophilized in the presence of lactose as a stabilizer. complies with the WHO requirements for the production of biological substances, diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis and combination vaccines, vaccines for the prevention of hepatitis B, obtained using recombinant DNA technology, inactivated vaccines for the prevention of poliomyelitis and conjugated Hib vaccines.

INDICATIONS: Infanrix Hexa vaccine is indicated for primary immunization to prevent diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, hepatitis B, poliomyelitis and Haemophilus influenzae type b infection in infants from 6 weeks of age and can be given to infants who have received the first dose vaccines to prevent hepatitis B at birth.

APPLICATION: Infanrix Hexa vaccine is injected deep intramuscularly into the broad lateral muscle in the anterolateral area of ​​the middle or upper thigh.

CONTRAINDICATIONS: Do not appoint to persons with known hypersensitivity to any component of the vaccine or persons who have experienced hypersensitivity reactions after previous vaccines to prevent diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, hepatitis B, polio or Hib.

The introduction of Infanrix Hex is contraindicated if the child has previously had encephalopathy of unknown etiology within 7 days after the previous vaccination with the vaccine containing the pertussis component. In this case, pertussis vaccination should be discontinued and the course of vaccination with vaccines for the prevention of diphtheria-tetanus, hepatitis B, inactivated polio vaccine and vaccine for the prevention of Hib should be continued.

SIDE EFFECTS: In clinical trials, the most common reactions (10% rate) reported after primary vaccination were:

Local - pain, hyperemia, edema;

Systemic - anorexia, fever, drowsiness, irritability.

In studies involving 4083 individuals (vaccine doses are documented), reactions at the injection site and increased irritability were reported of reactions that were judged to be due to or likely to be due to vaccination.

Allergic reactions have been reported very rarely, including anaphylactoid reactions following immunization with vaccines containing DTPa.

For vaccines with a pertussis component, extremely rare cases of collapse or shock (hypotonic hyporeactive episode) and seizures have been reported within 2–3 days after vaccination. All vaccinated with similar reactions recovered without complications.

STORAGE CONDITIONS: in a dark place at a temperature of 2–8 ° С. During transportation, the recommended storage conditions should be observed. DTPa-HB-Ip suspension and vaccine prepared for administration must not be frozen.

Vaccine " "

against diphtheria, tetanus, whooping cough, poliomyelitis and hemophilus influenzae "SanofiAventis Pasteur", France

Release form: 1 syringe containing 1 dose of vaccine against diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis, poliomyelitis, hemophilus influenza type B

Instructions for use of the vaccine Pentaxim Pentaxim.

Vaccine for the prevention of diphtheria and tetanus, adsorbed, acellular pertussis, inactivated poliomyelitis, infection caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugated.

DOSAGE FORM

Lyophilisate for the preparation of a suspension for intramuscular administration 1 dose, complete with a suspension for intramuscular administration of 0.5 ml.

COMPOSITION. 1. Vaccine for the prevention of diphtheria and tetanus, adsorbed; acellular pertussis; inactivated poliomyelitis (suspension for intramuscular administration).

One dose of vaccine (0.5 ml) contains:

Active substances:

Diphtheria toxoid ...? 30 IU;

Tetanus toxoid ...? 40 IU;

Pertussis toxoid ... 25 mcg;

Filamentous hemagglutinin ... 25 mcg;

Poliomyelitis virus type 1 inactivated ……… .40 units of D antigen;

Type 2 poliomyelitis virus inactivated… 8 units of D antigen;

Type 3 poliomyelitis virus inactivated… 32 units of D antigen;

Excipients:

aluminum hydroxide 0.3 mg; Hanks medium 199 * 0.05 ml; formaldehyde 12.5 mcg; phenoxyethanol 2.5 μl; up to 0.5 ml; acetic acid or sodium hydroxide - up to pH 6.8 - 7.3.

2. Vaccine for the prevention of infection caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b, conjugated (lyophilisate for preparation of a suspension for intramuscular administration)

One dose of lyophilisate contains:

Active substance: Haemophilus influenzae type b polysaccharide,

conjugated with tetanus toxoid… 10 mcg.

Excipients: sucrose 42.5 mg; trometamol 0.6 mg;

DESCRIPTION. Vaccine for the prevention of diphtheria and tetanus, adsorbed; acellular pertussis; inactivated poliomyelitis (suspension for intramuscular administration): Whitish, turbid suspension.

Vaccine for the prevention of infection caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b, conjugated (lyophilisate for preparation of a suspension for intramuscular administration):

White homogeneous lyophilisate.

PURPOSE. Prevention of diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, poliomyelitis and invasive infection caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b (meningitis, septicemia, etc.) in children from 3 months of age.

Contraindications

Progressive encephalopathy with or without seizures. Encephalopathy that develops within 7 days of any vaccine containing Bordetella pertussis antigens. A strong reaction that developed within 48 hours after the previous vaccination with a vaccine containing a pertussis component: an increase in body temperature to 40 ° C and above, prolonged unusual crying syndrome, febrile or afebrile convulsions, hypotonic-hyporeactive syndrome. An allergic reaction following a previous vaccine to prevent diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio and a vaccine to prevent Haemophilus influenzae type b infection. Confirmed systemic hypersensitivity reaction to any vaccine ingredient, as well as glutaraldehyde, neomycin, streptomycin and polymyxin B. acute manifestations an infectious disease or exacerbation of a chronic disease. In these cases, vaccination should be postponed until recovery.

DOSAGE AND APPLICATION

The vaccine is administered intramuscularly at a dose of 0.5 ml, the recommended injection site is the middle third of the anterolateral thigh. Do not inject intradermally or intravenously. Before insertion, it must be ensured that the needle has not penetrated a blood vessel. For the packaging option with two separate needles, before preparing the vaccine, the needle should be tightly secured by rotating it a quarter turn relative to the syringe.

The PENTAXIM vaccination course consists of 3 injections of one dose of vaccine (0.5 ml) with an interval of 1-2 months, starting from 3 months of age. Revaccination is carried out by the introduction of 1 dose of PENTAXIM at the age of 18 months. life. In accordance with the National Calendar of Preventive Vaccinations of the Russian Federation, the vaccination course for the prevention of diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis and poliomyelitis consists of 3 injections of the drug with an interval of 1.5 months, at the age of 3, 4.5 and 6 months, respectively; revaccination is performed once at the age of 18 months. If the vaccination schedule is violated, the subsequent intervals between the administration of the next dose of the vaccine do not change, including the interval before the 4th (revaccination) dose - 12 months.

If the first dose of Pentaxim was administered at the age of 6-12 months, then the second dose is administered after 1.5 months. after the first, and as the third dose administered after 1.5 months. after the second, the vaccine should be used to prevent diphtheria, tetanus; pertussis and poliomyelitis initially presented in a syringe (i.e. without dilution of the lyophilisate in a vial (HIb)). As a booster (4th dose), the usual dose of Pentaxim (with dilution of the lyophilisate (HIb)) is used.

If the first dose of Pentaxim is administered after 1 year of age, then for the 2nd, 3rd and 4th (revaccinating) doses, the vaccine should be used to prevent diphtheria, tetanus; pertussis and poliomyelitis, initially presented in a syringe, without dilution of the lyophilisate in a vial (HIb).

STORAGE CONDITIONS. Store in a refrigerator (at a temperature of 2 to 8 ° C). Do not freeze.

Keep out of the reach of children.

Tetracock

Is a vaccine for the combined prevention of diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis and polio. Tetrakok fully complies with international and Russian requirements by concentration of antigens and is a classic DTP vaccine in combination with inactivated poliomyelitis vaccine. The Tetrakok vaccine scheme is fully consistent with the Russian vaccination schedule - vaccination can be carried out at the age of 3, 4.5 and 6 months, followed by revaccination at 18 months.

Safer alternative to conventional vaccines

TETRAKOK does not contain mercury-based preservatives, which reduces the risk of allergic reactions and the risk of exacerbation of diathesis.

Thanks to the inactivated poliomyelitis vaccine (IPV) included in the Tetracoc preparation, the likelihood of developing vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis is completely excluded. Therefore, the Tetrakok vaccine is especially indicated for children with diseases of the immune system, as well as for children whose immediate environment has similar diseases.

Inactivated polio vaccine is a safe (with higher efficacy) alternative to the live oral polio vaccine (OPV) traditionally used in clinics.

The use of inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) has other benefits:

The vaccinated child does not infect others, since IPV does not contain live viruses. This means that this vaccine can be safely used in those children whose family or immediate environment has pregnant women and patients with diseases of the immune system.

Unlike a live vaccine, IPV is not given by mouth, in the form of drops, but with an injection, which means that the child will not be able to spit out or regurgitate the IPV. This, in turn, means that there will be no need for repeated vaccinations and visits to the clinic.

Unlike the live vaccine, IPV can be administered to children with gastric and intestinal disorders, which means that the vaccine will be effective.

IPVs are less sensitive to storage conditions and are more effective than OPVs.

Experience proven safety

Due to the high degree of purification of the TETRAKOK vaccine, 85% of children do not experience post-vaccination reactions to its administration. Like any DPT vaccine, Tetracoc causes temperature reactions in about 10-20% of vaccinated children, but the risk of reactions can be minimized by taking prophylactic antipyretics. Other adverse reactions to Tetracoccus vaccine include redness, induration, and soreness at the site of the vaccination. As with any DTP vaccine, a rather rare adverse reaction to the administration of the Tetracoc vaccine is the baby's “prolonged unusual crying” - loud, atypical crying that lasts from one to several hours.

According to pharmacovigilance data in France, following the results of the use of the TETRAKOK vaccine for 6 years (during this time, about 15 million vaccinations were made), complications for this vaccine occurred with a frequency of 3.6 per 100 thousand vaccinations, and only 5% of them were heavy.

Like any other DTP vaccine containing the whole-cell pertussis component, the Tetracoc vaccine is contraindicated in children with afebrile (i.e. not associated with fever) seizures in history, as well as children who have had severe adverse reactions to a previous vaccine administration ... In this case, it is recommended to use a vaccine without a pertussis component (DT Vax or ADS) or to carry out special prevention of adverse reactions.

Higher efficiency

After the completed course of vaccination (4 vaccinations), the level of protection (percentage of those who are immune) against poliomyelitis, diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis reaches virtually 100%.

The vaccine is especially effective in the prevention of whooping cough - immunity develops in 92-96% of children, which is 10-26% higher than the indicators of other vaccines used in Russia and other CIS countries, including the so-called. acellular.

Time-tested reliability

Over 15 years of use in more than 50 countries of the world, over 45 million doses of the vaccine have been introduced. Tetrakok possesses wide experience applications in Russia - the best commercial vaccination centers in Russia and other CIS countries choose it as having the best combination of safety, convenience, efficiency and economy indicators.

Convenience

The vaccine is produced in disposable syringes, the needle of which is treated with a special compound that makes the vaccination procedure painless. Your child simultaneously receives protection from 4 infections at once.

The Tetrakok vaccine can be combined with other vaccinations: In one syringe: with a vaccine (for the prevention of hemophilic infection - meningitis, pneumonia, sepsis). Thus, one vaccination protects the child from 5 infections at once. This combination vaccination is carried out in France, USA, Germany and other developed countries.

It is possible to combine the Tetracoc vaccine with all other vaccines of the vaccination schedule, but in this case, vaccinations are given with separate syringes, in different places.

The permissible interval between Tetrakok vaccination and other vaccinations, if they are not given on the same day, in accordance with Russian recommendations is 1 month.

VACCINE

- is a combination of recombinant yeast surface antigen of hepatitis B virus (HBsAg) and a mixture of formalin-killed pertussis microbes and purified from ballast proteins of diphtheria and tetanus toxoid (DTP), adsorbed on an aluminum hydroxide gel.

The drug contains in one inoculation dose (0.5 ml) 5 mg HBsAg, 10 optical units (OU) of pertussis microbes, 15 flocculating units (Lf) of diphtheria and 5 binding units (EC) of tetanus toxoid. Preservative - merthiolate at a concentration of 0.01%.

The drug is a homogeneous suspension of yellowish color, which separates on standing into a colorless transparent liquid and a loose yellowish-white precipitate that easily breaks up when shaken.

IMMUNOBIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES

The introduction of the drug in accordance with the approved scheme causes the formation of specific immunity against whooping cough, diphtheria, tetanus and hepatitis B. The studies have shown that the Bubo-Kok vaccine is characterized by safety and high immunological activity.

PURPOSE

Prevention of pertussis, diphtheria, tetanus and hepatitis B in children.

DOSAGE AND METHOD OF APPLICATION

Vaccinations with the Bubo-Kok vaccine are carried out at the age of 3 months to 4 years. The drug is injected intramuscularly into the upper outer quadrant of the buttocks or into the antero-outer region of the thigh at a dose of 0.5 ml (single dose) three times according to the DPT vaccination scheme.

The vaccination course consists of 3 vaccinations (3 months, 4 months, 5 months).

Revaccination Bubo-Kok is carried out once at 12-18 months. The exception should be children born to HBsAg-positive mothers. Such children should be vaccinated in the first days of life with the recombinant monovaccine of hepatitis B.

REACTIONS TO ADMINISTRATION

Some of the vaccinated in the first two days may develop short-term general (fever, malaise) and local (soreness, hyperemia, swelling) reactions. In rare cases, complications may develop due to the content of the DPT component in the preparation: convulsions (usually associated with fever), episodes of a shrill cry, allergic manifestations (Quincke's edema, urticaria, polymorphic rash), exacerbations of diseases.

CONTRAINDICATIONS

Contraindications to the use of the Bubo-Kok vaccine are the same as for the DPT vaccine.

RELEASE FORM

In ampoules of 0.5 ml (inoculation dose). The package contains 10 ampoules.

STORAGE CONDITIONS AND TRANSPORTATION

The drug is stored in a dry, dark place at a temperature of 62C. The frozen vaccine cannot be used.

Transportation is carried out by all types of covered transport under the same temperature conditions.

SHELF LIFE - 1 year 6 months.

Varieties of toxoid

For vaccination only against diphtheria, AD or AD-M toxoid is used, and separately against tetanus - AC toxoid.

For immunization against diphtheria and tetanus of children under 6 years of age, if they have suffered pertussis and no longer need to vaccinate them against this disease, or they have constant contraindications to the use of the pertussis component of the vaccine (afebrile convulsions, a progressive disease of the nervous system), about which will be discussed later, use ADS toxoid. During primary immunization, this vaccine is administered twice with an interval of 1.5 months. 12 months after the second injection, a single revaccination is required. From the age of 7, children and adults are given only ADS-M toxoid. This drug is used for routine revaccinations in accordance with the vaccination schedule (at 7, 14 and then every 10 years). If for some reason a child under 6 years of age was not vaccinated against diphtheria and tetanus, then after this age he is vaccinated with ADS-M toxoid twice with an interval of 1.5 months and revaccination after 6 - 9 months, and then revaccinated according to the vaccination schedule. ADS-M toxoid is also used to continue immunization against diphtheria and tetanus in children under 6 years of age who have had complications of DPT vaccination.

DTP in questions and answers.

DPT - it is this vaccine that raises the most questions, it is about its consequences that they are very often argued and asked about.

DPT is an adsorbed diphtheria-tetanus pertussis vaccine. In Russia, vaccination against whooping cough, tetanus and diphtheria begins (more precisely, it is recommended to start) at three months. In parallel, it is recommended to vaccinate against hepatitis and poliomyelitis.

Why is this vaccination introduced so early? Can't you postpone? I answer. If there are no contraindications, it is necessary to vaccinate, these infections are considered especially dangerous, before vaccination they were fatal. Whooping cough is especially dangerous for babies. If a baby falls ill with it for up to a year, the risk of developing suffocation, severe brain damage and disability for life is very high.

Although diphtheria with tetanus are no less dangerous. And in order to create full-fledged immunity by the time the baby begins to walk and the risk of contact with pathogens increases, you need to start just so early. The fact is that the full course of vaccination consists of several repeated injections of the vaccine - this is done at 3, then at 4.5 and at 6 months. A year later, a supporting (revaccinating) injection is given. That is, the vaccination will be fully completed by the time the little one is already actively exploring the world and contacting the external environment and a large number of children and adults.

Subsequently, pertussis is not vaccinated in Russia, and vaccination against diphtheria and tetanus is carried out further - usually this is done at 7 and 14 years old. And then adults get the vaccine every 10 years. Now remember yourself - when was the last time you yourself were vaccinated? Isn't it time for you to introduce the next vaccine? Tetanus can be contracted by digging in the country or in the garden, on a picnic, nature…. There are not so few carriers of diphtheria around us. And it is transmitted as a banal cold, there is only a limited time for the administration of anti-diphtheria serum during infection - about a day. And the mortality rate from diphtheria is still high.

The DPT vaccine is used not only in our country. It is included in the vaccination calendars of almost all countries in Europe, Asia and the Americas. It's just that the vaccine preparations themselves are used differently, the principle itself remains - everywhere vaccination begins at 2-3 months, and is carried out with an interval of 1-2 months. Now in Russia there are several vaccines officially registered and approved for use.

All routine vaccinations in Russia are free, they are made with drugs that the state buys and distributes to hospitals, clinics, and vaccination centers. Therefore, it is not known which vaccine will be purchased. Most often it is a domestic vaccine.

If the terms of vaccination are violated.

If the baby begins to vaccinate after three months, then you need to know some rules.
If for some reason the baby was not vaccinated at 3 months, then DPT is also administered three times, the minimum interval between injections should be 1.5 months, revaccination is carried out 12 months after the last vaccination was introduced. If at the time of revaccination the baby is not yet 4 years old - he undergoes DPT, and if he is already four years old - then vaccination is completed without the pertussis component of ADS or ADS vaccines. However, if the baby was vaccinated with the Infanrix vaccine, the age restriction of 4 years does not apply to it, then the baby is also revaccinated with the same vaccine.

If the vaccination schedule is violated - that is, the period between vaccinations is more than 1.5 months, then all the earlier injections are counted in the vaccination, and the vaccination and revaccination are completed in terms of time (between vaccines 1.5 months, revaccination in a year), and then everything is carried out according to the vaccination calendar ...

All DPT or toxoid vaccines are freely combined with other vaccines. You cannot do them only with BCG.

The composition of the vaccine. Vaccine administration rules.

The vaccine is an ampoule with a cloudy liquid. Shake it before injecting it into a homogeneous medium. Mom can control the actions of the health worker. If there are flakes, sediment or various uncharacteristic inclusions in the ampoule, this may indicate a violation of the storage of the vaccine and directly indicates its uselessness. This vaccine cannot be used.

The vaccine contains killed (inactivated) cells of pertussis pathogens (4 IU), tetanus (40 IU or 60 IU) and diphtheria (30 IU). Such a dosage of tetanus and diphtheria toxoids is due to the need to achieve the desired intensity of the reaction of the child's immune system, which is still imperfect and is just being formed. There is also an analogue of the Tetracoc vaccine - but both vaccines are whole-cell vaccines. That is, the pertussis component in them is the undivided cells of the pertussis bacillus. There are other analogs (for example, Infanrix), where the pertussis component is represented by fragments of the whooping cough stick. It causes the same immunity in tension, but the reactions usually give less.

The composition of vaccines also contains an adsorbent, aluminum hydroxide, which increases the immunogenicity of the introduced vaccine, that is, contributes to the formation of a vaccine depot (that is, the bumps, which our mothers love to treat so much). In fact, due to this substance, inflammation forms at the injection site of the vaccine, and it should be there - thus, in the focus of this inflammation, a larger number of immune cells can get acquainted with the vaccine. Then the immunity will be developed more actively. But if the lump is not groped, this does not mean that the body does not develop immunity - it is just that all children are different. And the degree of inflammation is also not the same. I will return to this in more detail later.
Thiomersal (mercury salt) acts as a vaccine stabilizer, for some reason many are very afraid of it. But the vaccine contains such a negligible amount that compared to what we inhale from exhaust gases every day, this is just nonsense.

Any DPT vaccine, both our domestic and any imported vaccine, is administered only intramuscularly. Moreover, if earlier the introduction of the vaccine into the buttock (in the ass, in other words) was practiced, now they refuse this method (you have the right to demand it too), because the structural features of the baby's buttocks are such that there is a layer of adipose tissue (for shock absorption in case of falls to the fifth point). And when the vaccine gets there, a long-absorbing infiltrate (compaction) is formed, and the effectiveness of vaccination may decrease.

Therefore, now vaccination is carried out in the antero-outer part of the thigh of babies. And for children over one and a half years old - in the upper third of the shoulder, in the deltoid muscle. If ADS or ADS-m is found, then they are injected into the same places. And if the child is over 7 years old, it is also permissible to inject it under the scapula, but then you need to use special needles for hypodermic injections.

What are normal reactions to a vaccine?

The introduction of any substance is not indifferent to the body. This is especially true of substances that can induce the body's immune response. DPT is an ode to the most important and difficult vaccinations for the baby's body. But this does not mean that it must be abandoned. You just need to know what can happen with vaccination in a baby, how to help him and how to minimize the risks. I wrote about the preparation for vaccination in the brow. This information can be viewed in the vaccination section. Let's talk about reactions to the introduction of DPT.

The reaction can be both to our, domestic, vaccine, and to any imported one. Whole-cell vaccines (DTP and Tetracoc) are more likely to react. Reactions can be local or general. And they must be clearly distinguished from post-vaccination complications. Unfortunately, they are very often confused. And especially the comrades-"anti-drinkers" are inclined to dramatize and attribute quite normal reactions to complications.

Reactions to DPT may appear during the first three days after vaccination. Everything that happens after this period has nothing to do with vaccination and the vaccination is not at all to blame here.
A local reaction is a slight soreness at the injection site, since it is accompanied by a violation of the integrity of the tissues. Perhaps the development of redness and swelling (infiltration), which I spoke about earlier. and this is actually not bad, as it allows you to create a focus of local inflammation. A large number of lymphocyte cells, which are responsible for the immune response, will rush there. There they will get acquainted with the components of the vaccine, multiply and create a special clone of cells - memory T-lymphocytes. The development of swelling and redness up to 8 cm is allowed and considered a normal reaction, and more often infiltrates occur when an injection is made in the buttock, and at the same time they dissolve somewhat more slowly. In this case, you do not need to carry out any actions - neither lotions, let alone Vishnevsky's ointment, should in any case be applied. You can translate normal inflammation and the usual vaccine reaction into an abscess (in other words, an abscess) by your actions. Just do not touch the injection site - do not press, wrinkle or rub!

The overall response is how the body as a whole has responded to the administration of the vaccine. It usually develops within a few hours from the moment of the injection and is expressed in malaise, refusal to eat, and fever. There are three grades: mild, moderate and severe vaccination reactions.

Weak is expressed in a rise in temperature to 37-37.5? With and minor general malaise. Average - is the temperature rise 37.5-38.5? With and moderate violation general condition and expressed with temperatures up to 39.5? With and a fairly strong violation of the general condition, lethargy, adynamia, refusal to eat.

When the temperature rises to 40? C in the first two days is an indication to refuse further vaccination with the DPT vaccine, and the baby is subsequently vaccinated only with ADS or ADS-m. this is no longer considered a vaccine reaction. And it is regarded as a post-vaccination complication.
There is no relationship between the severity of the reaction and what kind of injection it is in the account, it is usually believed that the reaction is more pronounced to the first injections of the vaccine, because the baby for the first time encounters several foreign antigens and his immune system works more actively. But this applies to absolutely healthy babies.

Any vaccine can give a reaction, but more often general reactions are given by whole-cell vaccines - our domestic DTP and Tetrakok. The different series of vaccines also differ. But acellular vaccines and toxoids give reactions very rarely.

And if the baby is allergic or has some kind of disease?

Babies with a tendency to allergies have some features of the course of the vaccination process, which should not be forgotten. Still, the vaccine activates the entire immunity in general, including the synthesis of immunoglobulin E (allergic globulin). Therefore, these guys may have an increase in local reactions - that is, swelling, redness and swelling. When the baby receives the first dose of the vaccine, the body gets acquainted with the antigens, and from the second dose it already begins to allocate immunoglobulin E in increasing quantities for the inoculation, and it is he who is responsible for intensifying the reactions. To prevent or reduce this phenomenon, it is necessary to vaccinate only outside the exacerbation of allergies and use antihistamines before and after vaccination.
But, I want to warn parents right away that these drugs do not prevent a temperature reaction. Therefore, it makes no sense to vaccinate all children indiscriminately under the guise of antihistamines - this is unjustified. Do not forget that allergies are triggered by a violation of complementary feeding. Errors in the nutrition of a nursing mother, stress. Therefore, there is a rule - 7-10 days before vaccination and three to five days after it, you should not introduce any new food products into the diet, you should not change cosmetics, go to nature and change your place of residence. Older babies do not need to be treated to sweets, citrus fruits and other allergenic foods as a reward for being patient with vaccinations.

If the baby has chronic diseases without exacerbation, vaccination is carried out with the permission of a specialist who has a child and passing all the tests necessary to confirm health or a state of remission.

When do you need help? What should parents do?

To begin with, you need to remember one thing - the temperature after vaccination is an acceptable and normal reaction of the body, this is a sign of an actively developing immune response and you should not be afraid of this. Have we already figured out that it is permissible to raise it to 39? S. But this does not mean that you need to sit back.
Will we lower the temperature if it rises above 38.5? C, and if the baby has a tendency to seizures or has a history of any neurological disorder, then above 37.5? C. For starters, you can simply wipe the baby with a damp sponge or towel, give more liquid or herbal decoctions (chamomile, lime blossom,). If the temperature tends to rise, you can give the child an antipyretic drug (eg, cefecon, Tylenol) in a child's dosage.

Antipyretic drugs should not be abused. They should be given again no earlier than 6-8 hours after the previous dose. By the way, giving antipyretics in the absence of temperature or a slight increase in temperature - for prevention - is also unjustified.

If within 6-8 hours the temperature does not go astray, or does it rise above 39-39.5? C - you should immediately call an ambulance or a doctor. You should also call a doctor in case of any other alarming symptoms, which will be discussed below.

And if there are other signs besides temperature?

If, in addition to a fever, a child has vomiting, loose stools, a runny nose and a cough, or the temperature rises after three or more days, it is most likely an infection that just coincided with the time of vaccination, and the child should be shown to a doctor and treated accordingly.

Now let's talk about complications.

Yes, unfortunately none of the modern vaccines are completely safe. As well as any medicine in general. However, in fairness, it should be noted that the complications and negative effects of vaccination cannot be compared with the consequences of the infections themselves.
I'm not going to load you with statistics - I don't see any sense in using numbers, “anti-vaccinators” are very fond of these games with numbers, only now they, to put it mildly, are far from the truth. My job is to objectively convey information, but it's up to you to decide.

Local and general complications differ. local complications are considered the formation of a dense infiltrate (area of ​​edematous tissue) with dimensions of more than 80 mm, and pronounced redness and soreness of this place is also possible. Usually, these phenomena last several days (most often 2-3), and dissolve on their own. But if you are very worried, you can use an absorbable ointment, for example "".

General complications usually affect the entire body of the child in one way or another. These include the following:

1. As with any other drug, an allergic reaction may develop to the vaccine administration - its manifestations are different - from acute urticaria (manifested by a rash similar to mosquito bites). Quincke's edema (manifested by pronounced swelling of the face and neck, before anaphylactic shock (a sharp decrease in pressure, loss of consciousness, convulsions). All these manifestations develop sharply during the first 20-30 minutes after the administration of the drug. Therefore, dear parents, take note - rules, it is necessary not to leave the territory of the office or clinic (well, in extreme cases, do not go far from it, take a walk nearby) within 30 minutes after the injection. and anti-allergic assistance.

2. Complications of vaccination include convulsions. They are divided into two groups:
-febrile seizures - they occur due to organic damage to the nervous system. Which was not established prior to vaccination. And the vaccination is a provoking factor, so these children are suspended from subsequent vaccinations until a comprehensive examination by a neurologist is carried out. This complication is very rare - but you need to know about it.
- the second type - febrile convulsions - occurs against the background of a high temperature (above 38-38.5 ° C), and most often on the first day of vaccination. Not all doctors agree that this is precisely a post-vaccination complication, since a certain part of children generally tend to give convulsions to a high temperature, regardless of the cause that causes it.

3. Separately, there is such a complication as a persistent monotonous cry or a shrill screech - it manifests itself a few hours after vaccination and is expressed in incessant crying. lasting 3 or more hours. which can still be accompanied by an increase in temperature, general anxiety of the baby. this does not affect the subsequent health of the baby in any way and usually goes away on its own.

4. Well, directly - the most serious complication - an increase in temperature to 40? C and above.
Usually complications arise on whole-cell vaccines - DPT or Tetrakok, Infanrix and Pentaxim rarely give complications.

If a complication develops on the administration of DPT, vaccination is continued with toxoid. No whooping cough component. This is because the pertussis component is the most reactogenic. Immunity to whooping cough will be developed, and it is still better than nothing at all, however, the vaccination is incomplete and incomplete.

Are there any conditions in which it is impossible to do DPT?

Of course. Any vaccine has its own contraindications - and they need to be discussed separately and in detail. The fact is that recently the data on vaccination have been very distorted and many parents are unreasonably trying to expand the list of contraindications for their child. And they are trying to force their doctor to follow their lead, asking: “Doctor, can we postpone it for now? Write something like that. In order not to do it yet ... ”and in vain. There are clear criteria and instructions that should be followed in vaccination and the definition of contraindications to it. And most often they try to postpone vaccinations for those children who need them more than other babies. for example, if a child is asthmatic or has non-progressive problems with the nervous system - who gets sick with whooping cough, it is much more severe and often fatal.

So, the real contraindications are:

Temporary contraindications.

1. Any acute infectious disease - from ARVI to severe infections and sepsis. Upon recovery, the period of the medical removal is decided individually by the doctor, taking into account the duration and severity of the disease - that is, if it was small snot, you can vaccinate 5-7 days after recovery. But after pneumonia it is worth waiting a month.

2. Exacerbation of chronic infections - then vaccination is carried out after all manifestations subside. Plus another medical outlet for a month.
In order to exclude vaccinations for an initially unhealthy baby. On the day of vaccination, the baby should be carefully examined by a doctor, and the temperature should be measured. And if there are any doubts, it is necessary to conduct a more in-depth examination - blood and urine is by itself, but if necessary - to involve narrow specialists for consultation.

3. It is not necessary to vaccinate even if there is a sick family in the family acute infections or under stress (death of relatives, moving, divorces, scandals). This is certainly not quite medical contraindications but stress can have a very negative effect on vaccination results.

Permanent contraindications.

1. In no case should you be vaccinated at all if the baby has an allergic reaction to one of the components of the vaccine - the baby may develop anaphylactic shock or Quincke's edema.

2. this vaccine cannot be administered in the event. if at the previous dose there was an increase in temperature above 39.5-40? C, convulsions.

3. Whole cell vaccines DPT or Tetracoc should not be given to children with advanced diseases of the nervous system. Also, they should not be administered to children who have had episodes of afebrile seizures.

4. severe congenital or acquired immunodeficiency.

I also want to note separately - if a child has had whooping cough, then he is no longer given DPT vaccination. And the administration of ADS or ADS-m is continued, with the transferred diphtheria, they begin to vaccinate with the last dose, and with tetanus, they are vaccinated after the transferred disease on a new one.

And in conclusion, I want to show whether or not to do DPT - it's up to you to decide, but weigh the pros and cons before making a decision.

Vaccinations Pentaxim, Infanrix and Russian DTP: what is better, what are their differences, when to vaccinate, and can they be combined. Pediatrician recommendations.

Since September 2015, there have been no foreign Pentaxim and Infanrix vaccinations for infants in Russia. Only the Russian DPT vaccine remained available. These three vaccinations are similar, they protect the child's body from the most dangerous childhood diseases, such as whooping cough, diphtheria, tetanus, etc. tetanus toxoid, and imported - acellular vaccine, that is, it contains only the protein of the pertussis microorganism, as well as tetanus and diphtheria toxoid.

DTP vaccination is considered one of the main ones for infants. According to and c, vaccination must be given to a child at 3 months, 4.5 months. and 6 months.

Lack of choice due to the shortage of foreign vaccinations, as well as not the best responses The rumors about the Russian DPT vaccine caused panic in the camp of parents. Not finding foreign vaccines in our country, someone went to vaccinate in Belarus, someone - to Europe.

The vaccine shortage has arisen due to certification problems due to a change Russian legislation... In March this year, the Scientific Center for Examination of Funds medical use The Ministry of Health of Russia, the children's vaccine "Pentaxim" has been certified and is now available to the public.

We talked with a specialist at the Lapino Clinical Hospital and found out whether the panic was justified, how the imported and Russian DPT vaccines differ, and what to do if the desired vaccine is not available.

The "panic" is understandable: when the vaccine is present, everyone thinks whether to do it or not, and when there is no vaccine, the parents are deprived of the right to choose. If we are talking about the beginning of vaccination, then it is better to wait until the imported vaccine appears. If it is necessary to continue vaccination, then it can be replaced with Russian vaccines so as not to violate the terms of vaccination, "says the chief expert of the Lapino Clinical Hospital on pediatrics, head of the Children's Center of the Lapino Clinical Hospital of the Mother and Child Group of Companies, a pediatrician, .m.s. Olga Polyakova.

- Did you feel some excitement and concern of your parents in your clinic about the lack of a vaccine?

There was excitement, but it was absolutely insignificant for the clinic, since for all contract patients, i.e. for all the children that we had on the contract, we were provided with vaccines even at the time of their absence.

- Has a foreign vaccine already appeared in your clinic in free access?

We had a period when vaccines were not freely available. Now we have absolutely all imported vaccines.

- What are the basic rules for vaccinating a child - at what age to start, how many vaccinations and at what interval to do?

The vaccination schedule for children is regulated by the vaccination schedule. Such vaccination schedules exist in all countries of the world. In similar national calendars vaccinations are prescribed all the terms for the beginning and end of vaccination, as well as the terms for revaccination and the sequence of those vaccines in those age periods, in which it is necessary to make them. The timing for starting vaccination is dictated by a large number of factors. Firstly, the social activity of the child, secondly, the danger to his health, thirdly, in the case of a particular disease at a certain age, etc.

- What happens if the intervals between vaccinations are violated, how can it be dangerous?

Each vaccination has its own vaccination schedule and it is desirable that these intervals are not violated, because it is the specific intervals between the administration of different vaccines that determine the maximum immune protection. For example, for DPT, this is a month and a half between injections. Nothing happens if the timing of vaccination is violated, but if the intervals between vaccinations are violated, epidemiologists and immunologists cannot guarantee the formation of strong immunity against a particular disease.

- What are the differences between the Pentaxim, Infanrix vaccines and the Russian DPT vaccine?

These vaccines are analogous, with the only difference that Pentaxim is a 5-valent vaccine (prevention of diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, poliomyelitis and diseases that develop under the influence of the pathogen Haemophilus influenzae type B, the same e like, etc. - approx. Artem Magidovich), DPT - 3-valent (prevention of diphtheria, tetanus, whooping cough - approx.Artem Magidovich), and Infanrix or Infanrix Hexa - can be either 3-valent (prevention of diphtheria, tetanus, whooping cough - approx. Artem Magidovich), so and 6-valent (prevention of diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, poliomyelitis, hepatitis B and diseases that develop under the influence of the pathogen Haemophilus influenzae type B, such as, and others - approx. Artem Magidovich). Valence refers to the number of infections against which the The vaccine is recommended, respectively, these vaccines contain components from 5, 3 or 6 infections.

- Is there a "best" vaccine?

There is no concept of a "best" vaccine.

- Can vaccines be combined with each other?

All vaccines registered on the territory of the Russian Federation are combined with each other.

- Are there any contraindications?

There are practically no contraindications for modern vaccines. Anaphylactic reactions are an absolute contraindication for any vaccination, i.e. very severe allergic reactions that occur to the previous dose of vaccination.

- What are the dangerous consequences of vaccination with DPT vaccinations?

There are no consequences of DPT, there are post-vaccination reactions, they are very predictable in the case of vaccination. These are, as a rule, local reactions in the form of edema and hyperemia at the injection site and a hyperthermic reaction as a normal physiological programmed reaction to antigen administration. DPT is not a harmful drug for a child's health, on the contrary, it is a drug that forms a stable full-fledged protection against whooping cough, diphtheria and tetanus.