What are the names of PTU at present. What is college, technical school, school

The educational system of our country today undergoes some changes, but despite the fact that educational institutions of a new type are appearing, the old, familiar since the Soviet time, remain no less relevant and are very popular among students. Applicants (and not only they) are often confused by the concepts: technical school, college, school. Let's figure out what their similarities are, but what's the differences.

Of course, in the first place in the rating of popularity there are higher educational institutions, and in second place are colleges. Now when the first step higher education - Bachelor, not a specialty, average special education It may become quite equal in terms of the volume of knowledge gained, skills, practitioners. Students begin to think: is it necessary to spend 4-6 years to receive higher education if you can get a secondary special for 2-3 years and be the same in demand in the labor market? In fact, it all depends on your personal attitude, desires and goals in life. Although, really lately Dusses are promptly adapted to changes in labor market and pay much more attention not to theory, but practices.

What is college?

This is one of the most promising and prestigious forms of existence of special educational institutions giving secondary vocational education. The college differs from technical schools and schools primarily by their high level of training of students who is practically close to higher education. Colleges can offer a fairly large range of various specialties, which are also multidisciplinary. The college learning process itself is also similar to the university: lectures, seminars, production, pre-diploma practice. College graduates are easily enrolled in higher education institutions. Often colleges are concluding contracts with universities, thanks to which students have some benefits for admission.

You can enter the college on the basis of a certificate of main common education (After grade 9), on average full education (after graders), in addition, a diploma is suitable for primary vocational education (vocational school, vocational education), a diploma of secondary vocational education.

In college, training takes place within 2-3 years, but this period may vary depending on which you have chosen the specialty and with what document they are (for graduates 9 grades, training lasts 4 years).

College students enrolling in educational institution, get a student card, credit book. And at the end of them, a diploma of secondary vocational education is issued. This diploma gives the right to immediately get a job or enter the university on preferential terms on a reduced learning program.

Another educational institution is a technical school.

In technical schools, as a rule, implemented the main professional educational programs secondary special education at the base level. Training in the technical school lasts no more than 3 years, sometimes two years.

Technical schools can be three types:

1. State educational institutions of secondary vocational education.

2. Non-state educational institutions of secondary vocational education.

3. Autonomous non-profit organizations of secondary vocational education.

Adopted in a technical school on the basis of a certificate (end of 9 classes and 11 classes), in addition, taken into account eME results and gia. Remember that training in the technical school does not give the right to delay from military service.

By the way, if everything is arranged in college, as in the university: lectures, seminars, then in the technical school more and more approximately school uniform learning.

Professional and technical school - the echo of the past?

Professional technical college (Vocational schools) were known since Russian Empire, they were only called then FDU and craft schools. PTU gives primary vocational education. Reception is conducted on the basis of a certificate of graduation 9 or 11 school classes. The term of study in PTU ranges from six months to three years. Recently, professional-technical schools are reorganized simply into professional schools, in the highest poroffessional colleges.

In general, in technical schools, colleges and colleges you can master and get almost any profession, and then go to learn further or get a job.

Education is still in price - every employer wants to hire qualified personnel. But to get a job on good workMost not necessarily go to the university and receive a diploma. To date, graduates of technical schools, colleges and schools have every chance to successfully build a career. After the 9th grade, they have the opportunity to study in prestigious colleges. Enrolling in technical schools and colleges after grade 9, by completing them and starting work, they quickly accumulate theoretical and practical knowledge, and then have a good opportunity to study in absentia.

Abroad, the college is something prestigious and expensive. In our country, today, along with habitual schools and technical schools, educational institutions of this type have become increasingly. Is there any significant differences between these educational institutions?

These educational institutions have several common parameters.

1. Technical schools and colleges refer to 1-2 accreditation steps, this means that graduating from these educational institutions, graduates have the opportunity to get the title of younger specialist and bachelor.

2. Similar conditions for accepting applicants: After graduation, you must pass exams, gaining the number of points for admission to the school. As a rule, learning after grade 9 is free. If, after graduation, the graduate did not work out the required number of points, it can be translated into a paid compartment in a technical school or school.

3. In college after grade 9, students receive fundamental and strengthened training, so it is believed that here you can get more high level Education. Colleges of Moscow and other cities of the country provide students wide spectrum Opportunities: After grade 9, at the end of the college, students can get at the same time several professions, as well as the efforts of the teaching team, work on retraining of specialists and research work.

Today, highly qualified working work is very popular around the world. The former professional school schools receive new names: some become professional colleges, and others acquire the name of a professional lyceum.

Currently, in many people there is a process of reorganization into higher professional schools.

How prestigious are diplomas about graduation of schools, colleges and secondary special educational institutions? It depends on the needs of employers. However, regardless of the education profile to graduates of schools, professional lyceums, colleges impose a constant requirement for high professionalism.

So, make conclusions:

Technical school and college

The technical school and college is the same with some reservation: in the technical school you get basic training, and in college, training is conducted on a more in-depth program.

College in the Russian education system is an educational institution of secondary vocational education and is actually synonymous with the word "technical school". In a typical state of an educational institution of secondary vocational education, you can find a difference in the concepts of "Technical School" and College.

In college, you can master the specialty of the manager, technology, accountant, lawyer, etc. In college, you can go after graduation from 9 or 11 school classes, receiving a diploma about secondary vocational education or after graduation. Depending on which profession is chosen, college will be trained from 2 to 4 years. Studying in college, the applicant has a student status, receives a student card and a counters. After graduating, the graduate receives a diploma of secondary special education in the chosen profession. Then you can go to the university or get a job, but it will not be possible to rise high service staircaseSince already needed higher education.

School collections (vocational schools)

In collections, you can get a specialty hairdresser, installer, electrician, locksmith and others. At any time, these professions will be in demand. In schools, you can get a basic level of knowledge, some of them are completely easy to do after grade school. You do not need to take the entrance exams in the school - just write a statement, so it's easy enough to enter here. However, there are such schools in which 2-3 people claim some specialty for one place, so you have to pass an exam in order to participate in the competitive selection. At the end of the school, you can get a job in a specialty, however, as in colleges and technical schools, it will not be possible to highly climb the career staircase.

At the end of the school, the graduate receives a certificate of completed secondary education and a certificate of profession. Upon admission to the university, this does not give any benefits, however, if a graduate has a red diploma or sufficient experience of the specialty, the university will provide benefits.

Technical collections and schools for a long time There were one of the most common educational institutions. However, as a result of reforming the scope of education, they have undergone some changes.

What is a technical school

So in the Soviet Union was the main institutions that were preparing middle-level frames. Here mostly received a specialty technique and a diploma of secondary special education. Their graduates were used at work in the sectors of the economy of the production area. There were also technical schools that gave an secondary special formation of non-industrial profile (pedagogical, legal, artistic, etc.)

In the post-Soviet period in the Russian Federation and most of the states from the former Soviet republics, the processes of reforming the education system occur. As a result, many welcome technical schools colleges. In essence, it is the same technical school, only gives in-depth general education. Both and other educational institutions provide youth to youth quality training of an average level for the chosen profession.

Technical schools today are educational institutions that implement educational programs for certain professions. Their graduates get a basic secondary special education and professional qualifications By selected specialties. Such institutions must have appropriate personnel and logistical support. To complete the development of the training program, they usually need to be studied for three years. In some specialties, this period may be two years.

Reception in technical schools is carried out among young people who graduated at least nine classes general education school. They choose their future specialties from their official List. Such lists are developed in accordance with state standards and are approved by the organizing educational processes by ministries and departments.

About colleagues

The concept of college is quite multifaceted. Some of them earlier, as in technical schools, a secondary special education was obtained. Such specialists were preparing the schools for the needs of medicine, veterinary medicine, pedagogy, culture and other areas of activity. Schools call many military educational institutions. However, this name was the most common for training institutions for training. workers personnel. They are on the basis high School Moved the initial training of future workers. Wear the names of vocational or professional schools. In the days of the Russian Empire, such institutions also functioned.

In the 1980s, the last century in the Soviet Union was over seven thousand Proftechilitis with the number of students more than 3.6 million young people. There were several types of schools. These were technical schools (TU), urban and rural professional vocational schools (GPTU and DPTU), special institutions closed type. Cadres were preparing for hundreds of sought-after working professions, including very rare. Students had a preferential passage in public transport, could eat for free. Excellent studies have enjoyed benefits for admission to specialized universities.

In the course of reforming the education system, many were reformed into professional lyceums, vocational training centers, etc. Some of them became technical schools and colleges. They teach the basics of many working professions and give primary vocational education. They can relate to state and non-state forms of ownership. However, regardless of this, operate within the framework of national educational legislation.

In Russia, they are considered average special educational institutions. Federal legislation found that their functions include the implementation of the initial vocational training skilled workers. This is carried out in many areas and is aimed at personnel satisfaction of a variety of social needs. The educational base of such preparation is the overall average (9 classes) and full (11 classes) secondary education. In order to obtain the right to provide such professional educational services, the school should receive the relevant state license. It can only be issued to those educational institutions that have prepared personnel of teachers needed by the material and technical base.

The condition for providing primary vocational education with such institutions is the presence of an appropriate license issued by the competent state body.

What is the difference

Despite the fact that the technical school and school are average educational institutionsThere are differences between them.

1. In technical school during educational process Larger attention is paid to theoretical issues of a developed specialty. In the school, the main thing is to master practical skills, which makes it possible to immediately begin work in production.
2. The graduate of the technical school receives a diploma corresponding to the diploma of a bachelor or junior specialist. In the School, which gives the completed secondary education, receive only a certificate of the working profession and the corresponding certificate of education.
3. The training course in technical school is usually longer than in the school.
4. The technical school can enter the structure of the university, which is usually not happening to the school.
5. A graduate of the technical school has the ability to spend less time on training in the university. The graduate school enters the first course of the university on the general basis.

Among the most common types of secondary educational institutions in Russia are colleges and colleges. What do they imagine?

What is college?

Under college. It is customary to understand the secondary educational institution, in which disciplines are taught under programs that suggest an in-depth study of a particular subject, and moreover, as a rule, mainly theoretical orientation.

College

The duration of training in college is about 4 years. Many of the educational institutions of this type conclude agreements with universities, within which learning programs It is prepared so that graduates are easier to subsequently receive higher education in relevant specializations.

Quite often colleges are structural divisions universities, and this allows them to further prepare students to continue studying: this can be traced in the application of similar conceptual principles of the organization of training, as well as, for example, in the fact that many colleges are conducted by university teachers.

A student in the institution of the type under consideration, so, like a university student, can attend lectures, seminars, take exams at sessions on the results of semesters, to have a counters. Some universities give certain preferences to graduates of their colleges when admitting and learning.

What is a school?

Anyone school - It is also a secondary educational institution. But depending on the particular historical period, this term could comply with the institution. of different types.

School

In the USSR and for a while in the post-Soviet Russia were common, or vocational schools. In them, citizens were trained mainly on working specialties. Subsequently, PTU was renamed in PU, that is, professional schools, some in the lyceum.

In modern Russian (as previously - in the Soviet) educational system also establish collegiates medical profile, institutions in which people are trained in teachers, educators.

All types of schools are focused on obtaining students' knowledge of practicality. A person passing the course in the appropriate educational institution and receiving a document confirming this should be able to immediately begin work in its specialty.

The training deadlines in collections of different profiles may vary significantly. Usually in the PU, they constitute about 2 years, which is essentially shorter than in the lyceums, medical and pedagogical colleges, where the training time is approximately corresponding to the fact that colleges are established.

The organization of the educational process in the schools is usually sufficiently close to the one that characterizes training in colleges and, accordingly, universities. But since the institutions under consideration are usually independent of universities, curricula in them can be very specific, often they are not adapted to the subsequent receipt by a graduate of higher education to the extent as in colleges.

Any advantages upon admission to universities graduates of school usually do not have. But, of course, the knowledge gained by them can greatly facilitate the learning process in the future - in case the specialty in the university is the same or similar to the one that is obtained in the School.

Comparison

The main difference between college from the school is that in the first educational institution, mainly theoretical knowledge is taught, in the second - practical.

College usually on the organization of the educational process closer to university than the school, and is largely due to the fact that the corresponding secondary educational institution is a division of higher education institutions.

Curriculums in some collections have a significantly shorter period than in colleges, it is especially true.

It can be noted that the profile of education in colleges is almost always humanitarian. School of school, if you do not consider the institutions of the pedagogical and medical profile, often offer coming to undergo training in technical specializations.

Having determined what is the difference between the College and the School, reflect the conclusions in the table.

Table

College	School
What is common between them?
Colleges and School - Middle Educational Institutions
What is the difference between them?
In most cases, humanitarian knowledge is taught in colleges	In many colleges, technical knowledge is taught.
Suggest training mainly on theoretical programs	Suggest practical training
The duration of training in colleges is about 4 years	Learning time in some collections - 2 years
Are often universities universities	Quite rare universities universities
The learning process in colleges is similar to organized in universities	The educational process in schools may have a little common with training in universities