Where stem cells are contained. Nervous stem cells

What is cell rejuvenation? Now it is fashionable to be beautiful, slim, emit health. Just a few years ago, many made themselves injections of Botox, today a new direction in fashion - stem cells.

Detailed description

The most initial cells of the human body are stem cells. They are formed immediately after conception in a fertilized egg. The ability to become any cell is the basic distinctive quality, the so-called polypotency. Stem cells of the embryo, while he grows, form his brain, liver, stomach, heart. Even after birth in the body of the child, there are still very many of them, but every year they are becoming less, by the age of 20, human stem cells are practically absent. This is a scientifically proven fact. But adult these cells are also needed - they always replace those affected by any organ. Throughout the life of organs with diseases, it becomes much more, but stem cells are reduced, so a person becomes.

A bit of history

A breakthrough in cell biology occurred in 1998, when scientists were able to single out and clone the lines of embryonic stem cells. After that, cell biology began to develop in two ways:

1. Studies for the purpose of treatment severe diseases.

2. In clinical practice, the Revitalization procedure, i.e., rejuvenation of the body with stem cell injections in an integrated approach with other cosmetics.

How is the rejuvenation of stem cells?

Stem cells in cosmetic cabinets

There are no restrictions on the use of embryonic stem cells, so cell therapy is everywhere. Any cosmetic salon mentions stem cells in its price list. But in practice, this injection of exhausts from embryos tissues, and they can cause allergic reactions and even rejection. And if the procedure is not carried out in the laboratory, that is, the risk that the cellular material can be infected.

The body after applying the procedure for introducing stem cells

In Russia, the new technology of stem cell injection technology is actively experiencing in humans, in the West, almost all experiments are conducted on animals. Stem cells apply increasingly, but what effect will be in the future, it is not yet known. None of the scientists were able to give a forecast for 10-20 years ahead, because until the end, the scope of application was not studied. While the treatment with stem cells consider alternative medicine. What will happen next, let's see.

Where are stem cells from rejuvenation

Now in Russian cosmetic centers use several types of stem cells:

1. Embryonic stem cells. They are obtained from the liver, pancreas, the brain of aborted human embryos, and then cultured in the material, in composition similar to the serum. All the resulting biomaterial after checking for viruses is placed on storage in liquid nitrogen.

2. Cup cells of newborns, bone marrow man. Treatment pupov cells Especially effective between members of one family. In Russia, there is a branch of stem cells in which cord blood can be stored. The puncture of the bone marrow takes from the iliac bones of the pelvis of an adult, after which the multimillion colony is grown in the laboratory.

3. Stem cells isolated from adipose tissue.

Delayed reaction

Rejuvenation with stem cells is very popular.

Depending on the selected method, the effect of injections with cellular material begins to appear only after 1-3 months. And for some reason, doctors do not say about the visual effects of rejuvenation, they focus on improving patients' well-being. A person just pays money, he is injected, and he is waiting for changes for three months. In practice, the patient does not see special changes in the body, the face, but it feels that the body behaves differently: they darken the hair, the acuity of sight appears, it hurts for 5-6 hours.

Some patients noted that in a month they began to read without glasses, the overall fatigue of the body disappeared, wrinkles began to disappear. But those who talked about such changes after a month, usually did a comprehensive rejuvenation procedure, which included mesotherapy with smoothing skin injections. In all cases, patients were completely trusted with a clinic and doctors, no consequences in the future did not think. How much is the treatment of stem cells?

Price of youth

All researchers agreed that the effect of cell injection lasts a year, after this period, the procedure is better to repeat. As they say, if once in 1.5 years, contact specialists behind cell injection, then a person will be able to live as much as 150 years. In fairness It is worth saying that the rejuvenation of stem cells is a very expensive procedure, and to make it 1 time in 1.5 years very expensive. It costs minimally in 17 thousand euros, and this is if the patient is young, healthy and wants to just slow down the aging process. The older the person and the more diseases he has, the more expensive there are cell therapy, due to the fact that it will take more stem cells.

As it depends on age

If a young organism To maintain tone, approximately 20-35 million cells need, the lady of prenetsion age with a bouquet of disease may be insufficient and 200 million. According to experts, such a high price is justified, because the cultivation of cells is a process that requires knowledge and high technologies, and therefore very expensive. If you offer such procedures at a lesser price, then most likely these drugs are not related to stem cells.

True, state scientific institutions, there is cheaper injections, but the price still starts from 5 thousand US dollars. They use bone marrow stem cells. Also in scientific institutions use special cell growth factors - peptides. T. K. Stem cells with the introduction cannot find a damaged organ, indicate the path of proteins that include the work of the body's cell, forcing it to work and look for means of independent recovery.

results

Those patients who passed courses rejuvenation with stem cells in research institutes noted that after three weeks the fatigue disappeared, the tone of the body was increasing, visual acuity appeared, the wrinkles were slightly smoothed, men had an increased libido and improved potency. As can be seen, the results of therapy for the revitalization of the body and in cosmetic clinics, and in research institutes coincide, although they have absolutely different techniques.

A special cell growth protein factor is used in cosmetic cabinets - additional mesotherapy. All these additional injections and procedures that go along with injections of stem cells, according to doctors, are aimed at the clinic's progress from the lack of result treatment with stem cells, since mesotherapy and additional proteins have long been known as excellent and effective method Smoothing wrinkles.

Specialists in cell therapy are silent about whether there were negative results or there was no result at all. And there are such cases, patients did not notice any changes even after 3-6 months, but neither the clinic nor the reimbursment of costs, since they do not guarantee that the body will find strength to recover.

Cellular technology. Their development in modern medicine

Despite the fact that there are positive results, doctors and the scientific community are extremely skeptical about such therapy. Many believe that, yes, the opening of stem cells and the possibility of their cultivation is the largest discovery in genetics since the decryption of the DNA structure, but it does not need to be used for all in a row, and only for treatment is very serious diseases. Stem cells contain encrypted information about the whole body, which means that of them can be raised not only by the colony of cells, but even some organ.

Therefore, it is unacceptable to use this technology to extract profits, since it is not fully studied, held clinical researches And experiments. Currently, in addition to cosmetic procedures, medical clinics The treatment of serious diseases with stem cell injections is also offered. In the pricea it is written that diabetes, Oncological diseases can be heal in injections. But there are no confirmed data on such recovery. On the contrary, there are opinions of specialists that the rejuvenation of stem cells causes cancer.

Positive effect

In the treatment of ischemic diseases, hormonal and immune diseases, some violations in development in children are perfectly helped stem cells. At the end of 2015, American scientists were saved by the life of a young man who received myocardial infarction. They took its same mesenchymal stem cells and introduced into the body. There are positive results of cell therapy in the treatment of Parkinson's disease, arthritis, arthrosis, rheumatism. Of course, considering such scientific achievements, the injection of stem cells just look dimly for rejuvenation.

It is still leaving that the budget does not provide for an article of financing for the development of cell biology and the development of methods for treating severe diseases in leading research and laboratories of Russia. The private clinics are not engaged in developments, they tend to work in order to profit. Therefore, in Russia, cellular technologies are associated only with rejuvenation, in contrast to the West, where the studies of cellular technologies are actively funded in the treatment of severe diseases.

Clinics providing stem cell transplant services

In Russia, there are not many such centers, but the main center of obstetrics, gynecology and perinatology of the RAMS, and more precisely their laboratory of clinical immunology, head of Gennady Dryym, Commercial Institute of Stem Cell, also the group of the Pyramid Clinic, the leader is Alexander Teplin.

Stem cells together with peptide injections (growth factors) practices the Institute of Biological Medicine. They, according to the specialists of this institute, and activate the effect of stem cells.

Korchak - Cosmetology Clinic and plastic surgery - also has a stem cell therapy as one of the directions. Here is used cellular material of the 3-hinteroid embryo of a pig grown on a nutrient medium. 3 days before administration, the cultivation stop. Thanks to the "living" material, the effect of rejuvenation and rehabilitation is achieved in a couple of months and keeps for 1-2 years.

Injection placenta in the Japanese clinic Rhana is also called cell therapy, although it is completely different. They believe that the placenta is capable of rejuvenating the body, but it has a narrow circle of action: the removal of chronic fatigue syndrome and raising libido and sexual activity.

"Versag" is also a clinic that uses stem cells in its work. But it specializes in anti-aging programs, including comprehensive treatment.

In Russia, cell therapy in the Novosibirsk Research Institute of Clinical Immunology with Rams is actively used. Also for the treatment of diseases of the heart and cardioplasty in Vladivostok, Irkutsk, Tomsk and Novosibirsk, treatment and rehabilitation procedures of human stem cells are used. The use of their rejuvenation and cosmetic procedures in the clinics of St. Petersburg.

Serious clinic selection

In Russia, it is currently quite enough clinics offer rejuvenating procedures with stem cells. But it is necessary to understand whether these are the very cells. Often, simply cell material is used. Therefore, before you decide on the procedure, you need to make information about the clinic, about its specialization, whether she has a laboratory, if not, what they cooperate with how efficient they work, try to find patients with clinics that have already received these procedures .

Next, in the clinic itself, ask to provide a "cell passport", certifying that there are no viruses in stem cells. Before entering the cells, you must suggest a survey. Even if the procedure goes well, you can see the effect only after 1-3 months and not on your face or body, but in the general condition of the body. Feel cheerfulness, tide of strength. But this may not happen, since the clinics are usually not responsible for the effects of rejuvenation with stem cells. Guarantees neither the clinic nor the Research Institute.

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Comment

Stem cells - undifferentiated (immature) cells available in many species of multicellular organisms. Stem cells are capable of self-renewal, forming new stem cells, sharing through mitosis and differentiated into specialized cells, that is, to turn into cells of various organs and tissues.

The development of multicellular organisms begins with one stem cell, which is customary called the zygote. As a result of numerous division cycles and differentiation process, all types of cells are formed typical of this biological species. In the human body of such types of cells, more than 220. Stem cells are maintained and functioning in an adult organism, thanks to them, it can be updated and the restoration of tissues and organs. However, in the process of aging the body, their number decreases.

IN modern medicine human stem cells are transplanted, that is, transplanted in therapeutic purposes. For example, the transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells is performed to reduce the process of hematopoies (blood formation) in the treatment of leukemia and lymph.

Self-renewal

There are two mechanisms that support the stem cell population in the body:

1. Asymmetric division, at which the same pair of cells is produced (one stem cell and one differentiated cell).

2. Stochastic division: one stem cell is divided into two more specialized.

Where are stem cells come from

UK can be obtained from various sources. Some of them have strictly scientific use, others are used in clinical practice today. According to its origin, they are divided into embryonic, fetal, cord blood cells and an adult cell.

Embryonic stem cells

The first type of stem cells should be called cells, which are formed at the first few divisions of the fertilized egg (zygotes) - from each can develop an independent organism (for example, one-time twins are obtained).

A few days later embryonic developmentAt the blastocyst stage, embryonic stem cells (ESC) can be distinguished from its inner cell mass. They are capable of differentiate absolutely into all types of cells of an adult organism, they are able to unlimitedly divide under certain conditions, forming the so-called "immortal lines". But this source SC has shortcomings. Firstly, in an adult body, these cells can be spontaneously reborn into cancer. Secondly, a safe line of truly embryonic stem cells suitable for clinical use has not yet been allocated in the world. Cells obtained in this way (in most cases using animal cell culturing) are used by world science for research and experiments. The clinical use of such cells is impossible today.

Fetal stem cells

Very often in Russian articles embryonic crypts call cells derived from aborted fruits (fetus). This is not true! In the scientific literature, the cells obtained from the fetus tissues are called fetal.

Fetal UK is obtained from abortive material on the 6-12 week of pregnancy. They do not have the above-described esc properties obtained from blastocysts - that is, the ability to unlimited reproduction and differentiation into any type of specialized cells. Fetal cells have already begun differentiation, and, therefore, each of them, firstly, can pass only a limited number of divisions and, secondly, to give rise to not any, but rather defined species of specialized cells. This fact makes their clinical use more secure. Thus, specialized liver cells and hematopoietic cells can develop from fetal liver cells. Fetal nervous tissue, respectively, develop more specialized nerve cells etc.

Cellular therapy as a type of treatment with stem cells originates precisely from the use of fetal IC. In the past 50 years in different countries of the world, a series of clinical works with their application were conducted.

In Russia, in addition to ethical and legal friction, the use of unverified abortive material is fraught with complications, such as patient infection with herpes virus, viral hepatitis and even AIDS. The process of allocating and receiving FGC is complex, this requires modern equipment and special knowledge.

However, with professional control, well-trained fetal stem cells have a huge potential in clinical medicine. Work with fetal SC in Russia is limited today scientific research. Their clinical use has no legal framework. More and officially, such cells are applied today in China and some other Asian countries.

Cord blood cells

The source of stem cells is also placental and umbilical blood, collected after the child's birth. This blood is very rich in stem cells. Taking this blood and placing in the cryobank for storage, in the future it can be used to restore many organs and patient tissues, as well as for the treatment of various diseases, primarily hematologic and oncological.

However, the number of SC in the cord blood at birth is not large enough, and their effective application is usually possible, only once for the child itself under the age of 12-14 years. As matters, the volume of harvested SCs becomes not enough for a full-fledged clinical effect.

About cell therapy

Cell therapy is a new official direction in medicine based on the use of the regenerative potential of the stem cells of the adult organism for the treatment of a number of severe diseases, the rehabilitation of patients after injuries, the fight against premature signs of aging. Stem cells are also considered promising biomaterial to create biological prostheses of heart valves, vessels and tracheas, are used as a unique bioscope to restore bone defects and other plastic and reconstructive surgery purposes.

The mechanism of the rehabilitation effect of stem cells, scientists explain how their ability to transform into blood cells, liver, myocardium, bone, cartilage or nervous tissue and thus restore damaged organs, and through products of various growth factors to restore the functional activity of other cells (for the so-called Paraconne type).

For clinical purposes, stem cells are most often obtained from bone marrow and cord blood, also after pre-stimulation of blood formation, the number of stem cells can be distinguished from peripheral blood adult. In recent years, more and more reports on the clinical use of stem cells isolated from the placenta, adipose tissue, tissue of the umbilical rope, amniotic fluid, and even milk teeth pulps are appeared.

Depending on the disease, age and state of the patient, one or another source of stem cells may be preferable. For more than 50 years, hematopoietic (hematopoietic) stem cells have been used to treat leukemia and lymphoma, and this method of treatment is well known as bone marrow transplantation, although today is increasingly in hematological clinics of the world, hematopoietic stem cells are obtained from cord and peripheral blood. At the same time, for the treatment of injuries of the head and spinal cord, stimulating the healing of fractures and chronic wounds is more expedient to use mesenchymal stem cells that are precursors of the connective tissue.

Mesenchimal stem cells are rich in adipose tissue, placenta, cord blood, amniotic fluid. Considering the immunosuppressive effect of mesenchymal stem cells, they are also used to treat a number autoimmune diseases (dispel sclerosis, nonspecific ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, etc.), as well as postwall-splashing complications (to prevent rejection of the transplanted donor body). For treatment cardiovascular diseases, including ischemia of the lower extremities, the most promising is the umbilical blood, which contains a special type of so-called endothelial progenitor stem cells, which are no longer in any tissue of the human body.

What diseases can be cured with stem cells?

The treatment method with stem cells is successfully used in the treatment of leukemia, lymphoma and other heavy hereditary diseaseswhere traditional therapy methods are ineffective.

The transplantation of cord blood is successfully used during most types of leukemia, including lymphoma, Hodgkin and Nevhodgkin, also in diseases of plasma cells, innate anemia, severe combined immunodeficiencies, congenital neutropenia, osteoporosis and many other severe diseases.

In the near future, stem cells will be applied to the treatment of stroke, myocardial infarction, alzheimer diseases, Parkinson, diabetes, muscle diseases, liver failure. Stem cells can give a positive effect and during a hearing impairment.

This year, the results of the study of scientists who applied stem cells in the treatment of children born with autism syndrome will be known.

"There are examples when the newborn saved his mother. A woman from Canada was diagnosed with leukemia during pregnancy, she could not find a donor, and the doctors were able to save the mother to the cord blood of a 31-week child. She is alive after 15 years and feels great, "he shared.

Today, scientists also work on the reproduction of stem cells in incubators so that their use has become a reusable.

Myths and True, about treatment with stem cells

Myth number 1. The use of cellular technologies is fraught with risk of infection with hazardous infectious diseases

The legislation clearly regulated the rules for the production of biomedical cellular products. In fact, they are very similar to the rules taken for pharmaceuticals and are based on the standard GMP requirements. That is, it is a very careful input control of the cell material - all cell samples are tested on HIV-1, HIV-2, hepatitis B and C. The next stage is the control of production, which must be absolutely clean. Then - control on the release of a battery of the cellular product, during which studies are added to such infections such as mycoplasma, cytomegalovirus, toxoplasm, all sexually transmitted infections. Thus, all risks of infection are reduced to zero.

Myth number 2. For cell cultivation, animal products are used, it means that they can cause allergies. The reaction can cause stem cells of another person (allogeneic)

Indeed, the standard cellular culture technology (reproduction) implies the use of animal products (usually they are obtained from large organs cattle). These products can provoke an allergic reaction. Therefore, they are now used only in laboratory conditions, and for cultivation of cells for treatment, reagents produced without animal components are used.

As for allergies on the actual cells, when treatment with its stem cells (autologous), for obvious reasons, can not be allergic reaction. And in order not to have a reaction to alien - allogeneic cells, try to lengthen the intervals between their introduction to 3-4 weeks. For allergic manifestations The course of treatment is interrupted, but in fact, with proper administration of the drug, serious allergic complications are extremely rare.
Our experience suggests that with a properly selected treatment scheme, there are no allergic reactions on cellular components. For the safety net before proceeding with therapy, standard samples can be performed - the introduction of the drug in small doses to check the body's reaction.

Myth number 3. Stem cells can turn into tumor and provoke the development of cancer

More than 500 clinical trials have already been held in the world, the first phase of which is performed to verify security, and so far no data has been received on cancer danger, not a single tumor formation was recorded. Although theoretically risk is possible. Therefore, all the produced cells, both for autotransplantation and allogenic transplantation, are necessarily tested for tumor and oncogenicity.

Tumorogenicity assumes that the cells are independently transformed into tumor, and oncogenicity suggests that the cells that we have entered act on the cells of the recipient so that they are reborn. Therefore, they are necessarily checked by the same methods as in the production of pharmaceuticals - some of the drug is administered to a special animal (generous mice - that is not having its immunity) and if some tumor cell falls into them, the tumor is manifested. This is a standard testing method and today the most reliable. The law on biomedical products suggests that for any cellular drug it must be carried out.

When it comes to allogeneic transplantation, the risk of tumor development is even theoretically unlikely: the cells transferred from one person to another, although they do not turn back, but they do not live for a long time, they die in about a month. And it levels risks. And they provide the formation of a bone tissue, the formation of cartilage tissue, the anti-inflammatory effects, and the immunomodulatory effects are due to the fact that they stimulate their own patient cells.

Myth number 4. The use of cellular technologies can only be individual, and the cost of such treatment will not allow this method of mass, it means that it has no future

The production of cellular drugs for autotransplantation to a specific person will continue to engage in clinics like the "Pokrovsky Bank", this is indeed, will never be a task of commercial production. For big business, profitably produce only allogeneic drugs. It is convenient - you make the product and certify the whole game. Therefore, manufacturers are trying to solve the problem of producing a large number of stem cells from the so-called utilized tissues. That is, their receipt should not be accompanied by painful sensations and at the same time acceptable from an ethical point of view - we are talking, for example, about navel beams, placenta. Abroad, such enterprises already exist.

Myth number 5. Cellular technologies remain an area of \u200b\u200bexperimental medicine for so long due to the fact that evidence of their effectiveness has not been obtained.

This is not true. Many cellular technologies have already entered clinical practice, and their effectiveness is proved, both in theory and practices. The most clinical trials have been carried out and data on the use of stem cells in traumatology and orthopedics has been accumulated. Depending on the lesion, it leads to a complete or partial recovery cartilage and bone tissue. Doctors see this effect well. Now in Canada, the third phase of clinical trials on the use of stem cells in a different way is completed - they are entered into the area knee Sustava And as a result, the cartilage cloth is restored. This is partly due to the fact that the cells populate the surface of the joint, in part - due to the fact that they stimulate their own patient cells, due to which the restored cartilage fabric consists not from transplanted alien, but from own cells patient. Similar studies were conducted in the Pokrovsk bank. We got very similar results.

The effectiveness of cellular technologies actually has a big evidence base. But the results of their clinical use are very dependent on the doctor and from the biologist, which are treated - the use of this method of therapy, like any other, you need to learn. It is necessary to prepare correctly cells, very carefully calculate their number, timely defrosting and organize transportation so as to use for 8 hours ...
The Pediatric University has already been developed, and in the SZGMU. Mechnikov is preparing a training course on the use of stem cells. It will be our specialists to read it, we hope that the result for practitioners will be a complete understanding when, under what diseases and how to use cell therapy.

Myth number 6. Cell therapy - despair therapy, but it can be cured by all

It so happened that some doctors do not trust the treatment methods with stem cells, others, on the contrary, are confident in their omnipotence. But you need to understand that regenerative therapy works only as an element. comprehensive treatment – traditional methods and methods of regenerative therapy itself. We always explain it to your patients.

In addition, regenerative therapy is not always able to fully cure a person, but the fact that it can almost always have to reduce the manifestation of symptoms or slow down the death rate. For many patients, this is very important. For example, for patients with 1-type diabetes. After a course of treatment, remission occurs by 0.5 years - a year, during this time some patients may even abandon insulin, slows down the progress of the disease, and the biochemical blood indicators are improved. But the disease does not disappear by the com. If, in the case of the bone fracture, the effect is visible at once (the man was removed not after 2 months, and after 3 weeks), then there is no explicit result, but the patient becomes easier.
Cellular technology, as any medical method, has its limitations. In addition, many factors become the argument "for" its use or "against" - the age of concomitant pathology, the nature of the disease, etc. And illusions often apply the same harm as despair.

How much is the treatment of stem cells?

At the moment, the cost of treatment with stem cells in Russia fluctuates within 250 - 300 thousand rubles.

Such a high price is justified, because the cultivation of stem cells is a high-tech process, and, accordingly, very expensive. Clinics offering stem cells at a lesser price do not have any relationship to cell biology, they introduce completely unknown drugs to their customers.

Most medical centers for this money are introduced 100 million cells per course, but there are also those that are injected for this cost 100 million stem cells per procedure. The number of stem cells on the procedure, as well as the number of procedures, is negotiated with the doctor, as the person older, the greater it is required stem cells. If a young blooming girl for maintaining the tone is sufficiently about 20-30 million cells, then 200 million may not be enough for a premature lady of the retirement age.

As a rule, this amount does not include the value of the procedure for obtaining stem cells, for example, fat fence. Clinics and institutions, practicing treatment with allogeneic (that is, other people's stem cells, argue that treatment with such stem cells will cost percent 10 cheaper than its own. If stem cells are entered by surgical, that is, an operation is carried out, you will have to pay separately for the operation.

Mesotherapy with stem cells will cost much cheaper. The cost of one procedure of mesotherapy in the Moscow clinic - from 18,000 to 30 000 rubles. In total, the course is made from 5 to 10 mezotherapy procedures.

Stem cells are the first immature cells capable of multiplication, self-renewal, differentiation and transformation into various other types of cells. They become the "basic cells" and "building material", of which our bodies develop, the immune system and blood. Containing genetic information and the body development scheme, stem cells provide its growth and restoration throughout our life: they become cells, blood, muscles, bones, heart, brain, and all those fabrics from which our bodies and body consist.

When receiving a signal about the damage to the tissues, stem cells are sent to the center, and it is in this zone that are transformed into those cells that are needed to replenish the resulting losses. Such stimulation of our body leads to the beginning of the active regeneration of tissues and organs. For example, a person occurred, and in the rehabilitation stage there is a gradual recovery of lost functions. The cause of such processes is precisely stem cells, which gradually reach the affected tissues are transformed into cells surrounding damaged tissues, and restore them.

Much more stem cells are present in the body in children and young people, and over the years they are becoming much less, and their reserves are not restored. The embryo for 10 thousand cells accounts for 1 stem, and a person is 60-70 years old out of 8 million ordinary cells only one is stem. That is why over the years the process of regeneration after suffering from diseases or injuries is more complicated with a large number of complications.

For the first time, the term "stem cells" appeared in 1908, and introduced his St. Petersburg hematologist A. Maksimov. His follower was the hematologist S. Vorontsov, who worked on the same scientific studies in Paris, and in the 60-70s an impressive contribution to the study was introduced by I. Chetkov and A. Frinenein. The use of stem cells for the treatment of severe diseases that succumbed only with the help of bone marrow became only in the 80s.

For the first time, stem cells obtained from the blood collected from the umbilical cord were applied to treatment in 1988 in France and the United States. The sick anemia for the child of Fanconi was transplanted stem cells isolated from the cord blood of his sister. After that, banks for the preservation of cord blood began to be created in Europe, the USA and Russia.

Studies on genetic modifications of stem cells and methods of their extension are carried out worldwide. In the future, they may become the only way to get rid of such heavy and dangerous diseasesthat cannot be cured with medicines or surgical interventions. Today, the development of medicine allows to introduce stem cells into the body and direct them in the necessary time or another clinical case direction. That is why many people began to think about the need to preserve them in specialized banks. After all, such an opportunity maximizes their ability to take advantage of the prospects for medicine.

In this article, we will introduce you to sources and types of stem cells, advantages and disadvantages of their use, a list of diseases under which they are used for treatment, myths about the use of cellular technologies for treatment in our and other countries. This information will be useful for you and will save from the consequences that carry the services of scams offering the introduction of stem cells.

Sources of obtaining and types of stem cells

The main sources of obtaining stem cells are:

• bone marrow;
• embryo fabrics;
• pupov Blood;
• placenta.

In the liver, muscles, brain, the skin, the intestines and the red bone marrow of the adult, there are proliferating tissue-specific cells. In recent years, cell elements that may migrate into other tissues in vivo and differentiate not only in the tissue-specific direction, but also in the cells of another tissue type, were identified in the tissues of the adult organism. This process was called "Plasticity". The likelihood that in the future he will give the opportunity to change the concept of gene and cell therapy.

To date, scientists have been able to obtain such types of stem cells:

• hemopoietic;
• mesenchymal;
• nervous;
• muscle;
• skin;
• intestinal cells;
• cardiomyocytes;
• endothelial.

Multiponent stem cells of an adult organism

GSK - hematopoietic cells

One of the sources of stem cell is a red bone marrow. Stromal cells are obtained from it during puncture. Then they are mobilized in a special laboratory, increasing and transplanted into the body. Even from one such cell, the production of colonies of stromal cells is possible. Entering the body, they are under the influence of special signals are sent to the place of lesion and, "forgetting" about their bone marrow origin, under the influence of certain factors are transformed into the necessary tissues (nervous, cardiomyocytes).

Studies show that after 14 days after the introduction into the culture of stromal cells of a special signaling substance, they are transformed into nervous cells. And 90% of the stromal cells introduced into the zone are differentiated into the caridomyocytes. However, stem cells obtained from an adult person have less functional activity, i.e. the possibility of their "magic rebirth" is already limited. In addition, such cells can be administered only to the person, from the bone marrow of which they were taken, and cannot be a donor material.

Stem cells from blood, cord blood and placenta

Some stem cells are in peripheral blood and other tissues and organs. The large amount of them can be obtained precisely from the blood stacked from the umbilical vein in a newborn immediately after birth. After collecting, the biomaterial with stem cells from cord blood is placed in a specialized cryobank and can be used to restore almost any organ or tissue.

In the US, a technique for obtaining stem cells and placenta tissues was developed: they are contained 10 times more than in cord blood. Such cells are capable of transforming into blood cells, muscles, skin and neurons, but the creation of biobanks requires large financial costs for their storage and therefore in Russia and other countries of the CIS have practically no such cryobanks.

It is the cord blood in the form of a source of stem cells have a number of significant advantages over their other sources. The advantages of such hematopoietic cells are as follows:

• fully infectiously safe;
• can be used at any time;
• painless I. easy way the intake of the biomaterial (in contrast to bone marrow and blood from the peripheral veins);
• ideally compatible with the need for their transplantation to close relatives (sisters, brothers, mother);
• can be used to treat other people subject to compatibility on antigens;
• use does not cause ethical problems that are associated with the method of fence of the material and its disposal (in contrast to embryonic stem cells).

After the fence, the blood in test tubes are placed in a liquid nitrogen and retained in special crymers at a temperature of -196 ° C in conditions of adaptable bodies adapted for this. For the first time, such biobank was created in 1992, and today there are more than 400 banks in the world. Most of them are private and provide services to preserve the biomaterial and seizure of the biodeposite for the treatment of family members. As a rule, private bobbanks of umbilical blood conclude an agreement with customers for 15-17 years, and throughout this time, the biomaterial fully retains its activity. After the achievement of the majority, the deposit becomes the property of a child whose cord blood was saved.

Another type of such biobanks is state. They preserve samples of biomaterials that were provided by their parents after the birth of the child free. Take advantage of such biodeposites for treatment, any person who is suitable for immunological indicators is suitable for dumping blood. The price of such a donor blood is about 20 thousand dollars, and approximately the same amount will be needed by the patient's family for searching and analyzing stem cell compatibility.

State Blood Blood Banks operate on the territory of countries such as USA, Russia, Canada, South Korea, Spain, Germany, Japan, Croatia, etc. To exchange information and close cooperation in 1988, a large Netcord system was created, which combines non-profit public blood banks located on the territory of countries such as Israel, USA, Japan, Australia and European countries. The second large register of bone marrow donors and umbilical blood blood became km.

On the territory of the Russian Federation there are such cryobanks:

• "Bank of Stem Cells DzM", attached in 2013 to the "Blood Transfusion Station of the Moscow Department of Health";
• Bank of stem cells "Cryocenter" (Moscow);
• LLC Kryomedika (Moscow);
• Gemabank (Moscow and St. Petersburg);
• Bank of stem cells Flora-Med (Moscow);
• Trans-Technology LLC (St. Petersburg);
• Kazan Bank of Stem Cells;
• Volga Bank of hematopoietic cells (Samara).

In Ukraine, there are such cryobanks:

• private Family Bank of Pupov Blood Hemafond (Kiev);
• "The first cryobank of stem cells of cord blood" on the basis of the Institute of Cell Therapy (Kiev);
• cryobank on the base International Center Biosthem biotechnology (Kiev).

MSK - Mesenchymal Cells

This type of stem cells is obtained from the stroma of bone marrow and was revealed in cord blood and samples of bone and adipose tissue remaining after plastic operations. There are now many developments on the allocation of MSCs in sufficient quantities of cord blood or bone marrow. In the future, such a type of stem cells can become one of the leading cell therapy elements, since MSCs can be obtained from the patient himself and they are able to quickly share and differentiate into muscle, cartilage, bone, fat, nervous and other organism fabrics.

After the intake of the material, the cells can be cultured and multiply on special nutrient mediaAnd from a small sample of bone marrow bioptate, you can raise the amount of MSK required for transplantation. If necessary, they may be croconservation, and after defrosting, they retain not only all their qualities, but also the age of the biomaterial taken. In addition, MSC after transplantation is able to be sent to the cell death zones and do not cause oncological complications.

The only disadvantage of such a method for obtaining stem cells is the need for a rigid infection control of the material during its cultivation.

NSK - stem cells of nervous tissue

NSC is located in the specific areas of the brain formed or another ripening organism. During numerous studies, stem cells of the nervous tissue were detected in the liver, heart, lungs, intestines and tissues of the central nervous system.

Despite the high differential abilities of the NSC and the possibility of their cultivation in in vivo, the practical use of this type of cell therapy is very difficult task, so on. For their allocation it requires complete destruction of the brain, and this fact makes it impossible to use NSC as an autologous material.

To overcome these obstacles, research is carried out on the use of alien material, which is obtained from the recipient tissues. Such experiments on animals and people have already been carried out in the treatment.

Skin stem cells

Skin stem cells can be highlighted from skin Pokrov Embryo and with an adult leather. Development of scientists on the use of such material are already used in clinics for the treatment of burns.

Myocardial stem cells

For the first time stem cells that are able to transform into cardiomyocytes and endotheliums were isolated from the tissues of the heart muscle of newborn rats in the 90s. When introduced into the body, they are able to completely restore damaged myocardial tissues, but their receipt of a person remains impossible at this time due to the need to complete the destruction of the heart muscle.

For the treatment of myocardial infarction and its complications, cell therapy techniques for the introduction of HSC are used. After transplantation, they fall into the affected portion of myocardials and begin to replace dead tissues on healthy. As a result, the heart muscle is completely restored, it is capable of shrinking and regulate the heart rate, and it does not remain scar changes.

Skeletal skeletal stem cells

Skeletal cells are isolated from transverse muscles, and they are capable of reincarnating into muscle, fat, cartilage and nervous fabrics. A number of researchers identified facts that such a type of stem cells is a separate MSC population and in the future can be obtained from bone marrow biopsytte or samples of cord blood.

Embryonic stem cells

Stem cells from abortive material

To obtain fetal cells, the biomaterial obtained during the abortion of pregnancy for the 9-12 weeks is used. Such a source of receipt today is practiced most often.

The use of such a type of stem cells is associated with a number of ethical, technical and legal difficulties:

• the impossibility of using autologous material;
• presence of risk of transplant rejection;
• the presence of the risk of infection, viral hepatitis, cytomegalovirus and other infections when using poorly proven material;

ESC - Embryonic stem cells

Embryonic stem cells are obtained from the inner material of the embryo (on 4-7 days of its development). It is from these in the future the entire body can be formed. ESC transplantation has a number of advantages and disadvantages.

ESC advantages:

• ability to transform into several cell types (neurons, muscular, skin cells, red blood Tales, cardiomyocytes, cells, etc.);
• rare cases of transplant rejection.

Disadvantages of ESC:

• the risk of forming benign tumors;
• ethical friction and legal aspects.

While use embryonic cells Prohibited by the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation. Opponents of this method of obtaining stem cells believe that their use is unethical, since it is a kind of encroachment on life not yet born man And it can push women by the desire to interrupt pregnancy for the purpose of material enrichment. This fact motivated scientists to try to get ESC from the 3-week sheep embryos. According to researchers from the Medileen clinic, they are capable of differentiate into many cells, but not all types. In the process of research, freshly led cells are transplanted by patients with hepatic insufficiency. 81% of such embryonic cells were transformed into hepatocytes and were actively functioning throughout the year, sustainably producing albumin.

Such embryonic cells are obtained from the "clean line" of animals, that is, grown in the laboratory and undergoing control over the presence of viral, infectious and hereditary diseases. They do not cause immune rejection and their quality increases by introducing "signal agents" in them, providing them with only certain affected tissues. Studies of scientists from "Medileen" refutes the opinion of some Russian scientists arguing that the enhancing of embryonic cells derived from animals is impossible in humans and opens up to cell therapy another perspective direction in the treatment of various degenerative diseases.

Application of stem cells

The medicine

For the first time, stem cells were applied to the treatment of Fanconi anemia at a six-year-old boy in 1988 in France. Transplantation was E. Glukman was held at the Holy Ludwig clinic (Paris). With such a diagnosis, a person rarely lives up to 30 years of age. Today this patient has complete immunological and hematological recovery, he is married and raises his own child.

Later, cell therapy techniques began to be applied to the treatment of myocardial infarction, malignant tumors, strokes, injuries and burns. Today, the spectrum of cell therapy has become much wider, and dozens of thousands of successful stem cell transplants adults and children have been carried out in the world.

The introduction of stem crops is carried out for the treatment of strokes, injuries of head and damage to the spinal cord. After their arrival in the affected fabrics, the patients restore nerve cells and a capillary network in the affected brain area.

Thanks to the achievements of cell therapy, it became possible to heal the healing of children with malignant blood diseases. Bone marrow transplantation is carried out in many hematological clinics, and GSK transplantation is practiced in large hematological centers.

In the past few years, mesosighimal stem cells are used in orthopedics. With their help, it becomes possible to restore bone defects after complex fractures and articular cartilage. Direct Introduction of MSCs in the last 2-3 years has become applied to restore the heart muscle after myocardial infarction.

Hemopoietic stem cells are used to treat such serious disease therapy as Parkinson's disease, red lupus, autoimmune arthritis, Crohn's disease and. In the future, cell therapy can be the only chance of life for those 75% of patients who need transplantation. internal organsBut dying in his expectation.

A list of diseases, for the treatment of stem cells:

• anemia of FanConi;
• idiopathic;
• adrenoleykodistrophy;
• collagenoses;
• thalassemia;
• gunter's disease;
• kossman's syndrome;
• bar syndrome;
• resistant juvenile arthritis;
• amgacariotose thrombocytopenia;
• immunodeficiency states;
• lesh Nihana syndrome;
• harler's syndrome;
• myelodsplastic syndrome;
• neuroblastoma;
• non-Hodgkin Lymphoma.

Cosmetology

Stem cells can be used to solve such cosmetic problems as scars, baldness, skin pigmentation, wrinkles and consequences of the use of aggressive chemicals or laser. Stem cells are introduced using mesotherapy, and through the use of such techniques in patients, wrinkles disappear, the tone and appearance Skin, stains disappear after acne and pigmentation, restore hair growth and nails.

Such effectiveness of cell therapy, unfortunately, spawned the appearance of a set of fake. That is why vigilance should be shown and buy funds only in cosmetology clinics and salons with a good reputation.

Cost of treatment

The cost of treatment with stem cells is sufficiently high. For example, in Russia it fluctuates from 240 thousand to 350 thousand rubles. Such a high price is justified by sufficiently complex and high-tech processes for the cultivation of biomaterial.

For this price, a person is introduced 100 million cells per course. The cost of the administration itself is paid separately.

Procedures for mesotherapy with stem cells are more accessible. To obtain a pronounced effect of skin rejuvenation, it is necessary to carry out 5-10 sessions, and the cost of each of them is 15-30 thousand rubles.

Myths and facts about cell therapy in the countries of the former USSR

The annoying advertising of cell therapy, floating the media and the Internet, promises healing from all diseases. But many clinics use it solely for easy enrichment. Such unscrupulous private institutions use poor-quality (already dead) or unverified grafts. As a result, patients simply lose their money, not receiving a long-awaited medical effect, and in the worst cases such "pseudo-cell therapy" leads to infection, exacerbations of diseases or development of cancerous tumors.

Stem cells are unusual drugAnd only world-class specialists operating in specialized centers can use such cell technology. The techniques have clear indications and contraindications. In some cases, their introduction can be contraindicated or possess side effectswhich is difficult to predict.

Single cryobanks are sometimes aggressive marketing, which misleads people suffering from such severe diseases as diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson, etc. In fact, the treatment of these heavy ailments is still carried out only on the experimental level, and such techniques are undergoing research and improvements. .

On the territory of Russia, the use of cellular technologies (except for bone marrow transplant) is prohibited by law ( Update: Allowed in early 2017

The human body contains approximately 50 billion stem cells that are regularly updated. Over the years, the number of such living "bricks" is reduced - there are more and more work for them, and there is no one to replace them. As can be seen from the chart, in a newborn baby SK in a large number of 1x10,000, and they begin to fade already in adolescence 1x100 000, we see a very sharp drop on the chart, and at 80 they remain quite a bit of 1x2000,000. Moreover, The stem cells of the elderly individual are no longer so universal - in the cells of blood they can still turn into, and in the nervous - no longer in the power.

Replace dilapidated organism cells to continue active lifeIt helps artificially introduction of stem cells in the body. Already today, scientists can receive stem cells, cultivate and direct them on the "right path". Achievements in the field of cell medicine make the therapeutic use of stem cells practically limitless. There was a real hope for the cure of a huge amount of a wide variety of diseases.

What sources of stem cells are used for this purpose today? "Salvation of drowning is the work of the hands of immersing", so a person can become a stem cell donor for himself. The largest amount of their amount is in the bone marrow pelvis. Stromal stem cells are retrieved from there using puncture. Then, in laboratory conditions, they are specially mobilized, build up and introduced back to the body, where with the participation of special signaling substances, they are sent to the "patient site". It should be noted that even from one single stromal cell can be grown colonies. And absolutely incredible metamorphosis - stromal stem cells may "forget" about their bone marriage, that under the influence of certain factors turn into nervous cells or cells of the heart muscle.

Picture 1

As shown in the chart, every day, stromal cells are increasingly changing their specialization and already 2 weeks after adding a special signal to the culture of stromal cells, they are already 80% consisting of neurons. 90% of the stromal cells introduced into the infarct zone are completely reborn into the cells of the heart muscle, restoring the myocardial functions almost completely. However, the stromal cells of the adult organism have limited functionality, that is, their possible tissue specialization is in one degree or another limited. In addition, all adult stem cells are cataloged and equipped with a special stamp game: "My". So the donation in this area is fraught with the emergence of confrontation, called "transplant - against the owner."

The second source of stem cells is the cord blood, collected after the birth of a child. This blood is very rich in stem cells. Taking this blood from the baby's umbilical cord and placing a cryobank, stem cells in the future can be used to restore almost any tissue and organ of this individual. It is also possible to use these stem cells for the treatment of other patients under the condition of their compatibility on antigens. American scientists received stem cells from human placenta (there, their number is 10 times more than in cord blood), which are able to convert into skin, blood, muscle and nerve cells. However, the creation of a storage factor for cord blood and placental material is expensive. In the world, there are more than two hundred cryobanks. Most of these, of course, is located in the USA and Canada. In second place - Europe. There are similar storage facilities in Australia, Israel, Japan, Singapore, Taiwan, South Africa, Brazil, as well as in the CIS countries. There are 11 institutions in Russia. In Ukraine - four.

Figure 2.

The source of another type of stem cells - fetal stem cells is an abutient material of 9--12 weeks of pregnancy. This source is currently used most often. But as can be seen on the chart, in Russia the number of abortions is reduced every year, it can be concluded from this that soon this source will most likely be sick of himself. In addition to ethical and legal friction, fetal cells can sometimes cause transplant rejection. In addition, the use of unverified abortive material is fraught with a patient with viral hepatitis, AIDS, etc. If it is necessary to diagnose the material for viruses, the cost of the method increases, which ultimately leads to an increase in the cost of treatment itself.

Figure 3.

The source of stem cells may be the nasophack mucosa. It predominates partially specializing stem cells that can turn into the cells of nervous tissue - neurons and glios cells. These cells are suitable for the treatment of diseases of the head and spinal cord. However, the use of these cells to replace other than nervous requires further research. In addition, the allocation and storage of this material is quite laborious.

Mesenchymal stem cells are contained in fatty, cartilage, muscular tissues. Currently, the release of these cells from adipose tissue obtained during liposuction is very promising.

And finally, another source of stem cells is a blastocyst, which is formed to 5--6 the day of fertilization. This is embryonic stem cells. They are most universal, compared with the stem cells of adults, and are capable of differentiate absolutely in all types of organism cells. The positive side of the use of these universal stem cells should be considered the fact that there is no stamp "mine": the cells do not belong to anyone and do not perform any special functions, and therefore the reaction does not occur during the introduction. Even if embryonic stem cells are taken from another organism, they do not turn back, since there are no antigens of histocompatibility on their surface.

Stem - these are undifferentiated cells that are present in the human body on any of the stages of his life as the "stock of strategic destination". The feature is their unlimited ability to divide and the ability to give the beginning of any kind of specialized human cells.

Due to their presence, there is a gradual cellular update of all organs and tissues of the body and the restoration of organs and tissues after damage.

History of opening and research

The first proved the existence of stem cells Russian scientist Alexander Anisimov. It happened in the distant 1909. Their practical use Interested scientists much later, in about 1950. And only in 1970, stem cells were first transplanted with patients with leukemia, and this method Treatment began to be applied worldwide.

Approximately from this time, the study of stem cells was allocated in a separate direction, separate laboratories began to appear and even the integers, developing methods of treatment with the help of precursor cells. In 2003, the first Russian biotechnology company appeared entitled "Institute of Human Stem Cells", which today is the largest storage of stem cell samples, and also promotes its own innovative medications and high-tech services.

At this stage of the development of medicine, scientists managed to obtain an egg cell from the stem cell, which in the future will allow fruitless couples to have their own children.

Video: Successful biotechnology

Where are the predecessor cells

Stem cells can be found in almost any part of the human body. They're in obligatory Present in any of the tissues of the body. The maximum amount of their adult is contained in the red bone marrow, slightly less in peripheral blood, adipose tissue, skin.

The more young one is the body, the more it contains it, especially these cells are active in terms of division rate, and the wider range of specialized cells, which each predecessor cell can give life.

Where do the material originate

• Embryonic.

The most "tales" of the researchers are stem cells of embryos, as the less the body has lived, the predecessors' cells have lived, especially plastic and biologically active.

But if the cells of animals researchers are not a problem, then any experiments using human embryos are recognized as unethical.

This is even despite the fact that according to statistics, about each second pregnancy in modern world ends with an abortion.

• From cord blood.

A number of countries are available in terms of morality and legislation of a number of countries are stem cells of umbilical blood, the umbilical umbilicals and placenta.

Currently, whole banks are created stem cells isolated from cord blood, which will later be used to treat a number of diseases and the effects of body injuries. On a commercial basis, the name "deposit" for his child is offered to make numerous private banks to make parents. One of the arguments against collecting and freezing the cord blood is their limited quantity that can be obtained in this way.

It is believed that for the recovery of blood formation after chemothematically or radiotherapy of its own frosthed stem cells, it will only be enough to a child up to a certain age and body weight (up to 50 kg).

But it is not always necessary to restore such a large number of tissues. For recovery, for example, the same cartilage of the knee joint will be enough for the small part of the stored cells.

The same applies to the recovery of cells of the damaged pancreas or the liver. And since stem cells from one portion of the cord blood blood are separated from several cryopurobips before freezing, it will always be possible to use a small part of the material.

• Obtaining stem cells from an adult.

Not everyone was lucky to get their "inviolable stock" of stem cells from cord blood from her parents. Therefore, at this stage, methods for their preparation from adults are being developed.

The main tissues that can serve as sources are:

• fatty tissue (taken during liposuction, for example);
• peripheral blood, which can be taken from veins);
• red bone marrow.

Stem cells of adults obtained from different sources may have some differences associated with loss of versatility cells. So, for example, blood cells and red bone marrow can give rise to predominantly blood cells. They are called hemopoietic.

And stem cells from adipose tissue are much easier to differentiate (reincarnated) into specialized cells of organs and body tissues (cartilage, bones, muscles, etc.). They got the name mesenchymal.

Depending on the scales of the task, which is facing scientists, they may need miscellaneous number such cells. For example, we are now developing ways to grow teeth obtained from urine. They are not so much there.

But given the fact that the tooth need to grow only once, and its meaningful, then the stem cells need a little on it.

Video: Pokrovsky Bank Stem Cells

Biological storage banks

Special banks are created for storing samples. Depending on the purpose of storing material, they may be state. They are also called banks registrars. Registrars store stem cells of nameless donors and may at their discretion provide material to any medical or research institutions.

There are also commercial banks that earn money on storing samples from specific donors. Only their owners can use them to treat themselves or close relatives.

If we talk about sample demands, the statistics here are as follows:

• in banks recorders, every thousandth sample is in demand;
• the material stored in private banks is in demand even less often.

However, it makes sense to store a registered pattern in a private bank. There are several reasons for this:

• donor samples cost money, sometimes considerable, and the amount required to buy a sample and delivering it to the desired clinic, often many times exceeds the cost of storing his own sample for several decades;
• personal sample can be used to treat blood relatives;
• it can be assumed that in the future, restoring organs and tissues using stem cells will be much more often than it happens in our time, therefore the demand for them will only grow.

Application in medicine

In fact, the only already studied direction of their use is a bone marrow transplant as a stage of treating leukemia and lymphoma. Some studies on the reconstruction of organs and tissues with the help of stem cells have already reached the stage of conducting experiments in humans, but it is not yet about the mass implementation of physicians.

To obtain new tissues from stem cells, it is usually necessary to perform the following manipulations:

• material fence;
• separation of stem cells;
• cultivation of stem cells on nutrient substrates;
• creating conditions for transformation of stem cells into specialized;
• reduction of risks associated with the possibility of malignant rebirth of cells obtained from stem;
• transplantation.

Separated stem cells taken to conduct a tissue experiment using special deviceswhich are called separators. There are also various methods of precipitation of stem cells, but their effectiveness is largely determined by the qualifications and experience of personnel, as well as the risk of bacterial or fungal sample infection.

The resulting stem cells are placed in a specially prepared medium, which contains lymph or blood serum of newborn calves. On the nutritional substrate, they are repeatedly divided, their number increases several thousand times. Before entering into the body, scientists direct their differentiation into a certain direction, for example, nerve cells, liver cells or pancreas, cartilage plate, etc.

It is at this stage that there is a danger of their rebirth into tumor. To prevent this, special techniques are being developed that reduce the likelihood of cancer cells.

Methods for introducing cells into the body:

• the introduction of cells in the tissue directly in the place where there was injury or tissues were damaged as a result of the pathological process (disease): the introduction of stem in the region of hemorrhage in the brain or in the place of damage to the peripheral nerves;
• the introduction of cells into the bloodstream: so stem cells are injected in the treatment of leukemia.

For and against the use of stem cells for the purpose of rejuvenation

Studying and use in the media is increasingly called the way to achieve immortality or at least longevity. Already in the distant 70s, stem cells as a rejuvenating agent were administered to the elderly members of the Politburo of the CPSU.

Now, when a certain number of private research biotechnology centers appeared, some researchers began to rejuvenate injecting stem cells taken before the patient itself.

It is worth such a procedure quite expensive, but no one can guarantee her result. Agreeing, the client must realize that it is involved in the experiment, since many aspects of their use have not yet been studied.

Video: What can stem cells

The most common types of procedures are:

• the introduction of stem cells to the dermis (the procedure is like a biorevitalization);
• filling the skin defects, adding volume tissues (it is already more like the use of fillers).

In the second case, the patient's own fatty tissue and its stem cells in a mixture with a stabilized hyaluronic acid are used. Animal experiments have shown that such a cocktail allows more adipose tissue to take root and continue to maintain volume.

The first experiments were carried out on people who were led by wrinkles on this technique and an increase in the mammary glands was carried out. However, it is still not enough data to allow any of the doctors to repeat this experience on their patient, providing him with a guaranteed result.