The structure of cattle teeth. Teeth of the cow: the structure and change of teeth

The date: 01.04.2019

Igor Nikolaev

Reading time: 4 minutes

Are there any teeth from a cow? - Of course have. They constitute a part of the digestive system of CRS. In total, adult animals are 32 toys. They are located on the lower and upper jaws. Top teeth are more massive, with short roots. Lower have long roots.

Cows belong to ruminant animals. The anatomy of the stomach is arranged in such a way that they constantly have to chew food, so the teeth are experiencing a greater load. How is the jaw of the cow? What is the structure of the tooth?

The structure of the jaw

The teeth of the cow form two arcade, top and bottom. Their number may be unequal, but the right and left arcade are always symmetrical. Unlike other farm animals, cows have no fangs. The jaw form dears, cutters, premolars and molars.

Cutters are designed to cut grass. The cow is located only on the lower jaw, from the front. The first pair of cutters is called hooks. On the left and on the right are middle cutters. Behind them paint. The upper incisors in chewing animals are absent. On their estimated place is a pillow, a plate. It forms the gum, which is tightly connected to the periosteum of the cutting teeth, so it is hard and dense. The pillow performs the rush function.
There are no fangs in the cows. In the process of evolution, they were likened to the cutters, form paint. In total, the cow has 8 cutters.
Molars and premolars are designed to fawn food. They are not immediately after the cutters. Between the cutters and premolars is a toothless interlimo-bearing edge formed by the gums. Premolars and molars from cows 3 pairs on each arcade. There are 24 of them 24.

The size of the incisors of unequal. The first 2 cutters are the largest. Owls are the smallest. The cutters have a flattened shovel form. The edges are rounded. In young animals, the crowns of the cutters from the side of the lip are slightly entering each other.

With age, as they abrasion, they occupy a place intended. The lower jaw from the cows is slightly advanced, the lip disperses. Upper lip Convex, comes slightly inside. Jaws in cows are very movable. Animals can chew food on the left or on the right side

Milk cutters do not differ in strength. The enamel is thin and quickly grieved. It is noted that by 14 months, the young enamel on the part of the lips is practically absent. This time coincides with the change of teeth. Dairy change to indigenous. Molaos enamel is more durable, the roots are stronger.

Cutters in newborn calves can be 6. After a week, the glands grow. The cutters becomes 8.
3 weeks - 3 premolars are dispersed with top and then from the lower jaw. Calfs can be fully chewed.
3-4 months - cutters, paints and premolars are completely formed.
At 6 months - the first molar appears.

Calf is born with teeth. He has 4 cutters. As matters, new cutters and molars grow up. They are dairy. Total calves 20 teeth. At 14 months they begin to change. In animals of meat breeds, the teeth grow and change earlier than the cattle of dairy breeds.

Cow skull and her lower jaw

Tuba

The basis of the tooth is dentin. Denin is similar bone tissueBut much stronger. 72% of the tissue consists of minerals. The basis is calcium phosphate, so the lack of calcium and phosphorus in the body in animals is reflected not only in the state of bones that form the skeleton, but also on the strength of Enamel and Dentin. The organic part of dentin is collagen.

Dentin is covered with enamel. This is the most robust fabric in the body in animals. It forms complex folds on the surface. Enamel undergoes heavy loads, because the cows constantly chew. The fabric includes calcium phosphate, calcium carbonate. Mineral salts It is up to 95%. Part of the microelements enamel takes out of saliva. Another part of minerals comes from food.

In addition to enamel, the outer layer of dentin consists of cement. The base of the tooth is included in the Alveolu, which forms an assault. It is called periodont. It is connected to the cement layer and gums of numerous connecting tissues.

№	Helpful information
1	Part of the tooth, which is covered with enamel, is called crown. It forms a functional surface: the incisors cut off, at the indigenous chewable
2	In the cavity is located soft fabric - Pulp
3	The lower part is formed roots. They consist of dentin, which covers not enamel, but cement. The lower part of the roots is drawn to Alveola
4	On the top of the root is a hole that is connected to internal cavity Tooth, with his pulp. Through the channel to the pulp pass blood vessels and nerves
5	Dentin gets powered by pulp
6	Narrow plot where the crown goes to the root is a cervical
7	Cutters from cows are single. Premolars and molars on the lower arcade have 2 roots, on the upper jaw - 3 roots

Cows are constantly misting food. At the same time, dental enamel, and dentin, and cement wear out. On the surface of the enamel, an uneven relief appears. It form enamel combs. Thanks to the uneven relief of food, it becomes better.

As dentin is abrasion on the lower jaw, the teeth rise from the alveoli. The cavity is becoming a bone-like cloth. On the upper jaw the teeth are lowered. The volume of the sinuses increases. Describing the structure of the arcade, use the formula. Each tooth is indicated by a certain leafer:

J - cutters;
P - premolars;
M - Molars.

The teeth of the upper jaw are recorded in the numerator. Lower jaw teeth - denominator. Digital denote serial number. Each letter and digit occupy a strictly defined place in the formula. If the tooth does not have a cow, then they put the digit "0". The formula is recorded in an individual case of an individual when examining the oral cavity.

The veterinarian begins to watch the quantity and the state of the teeth of the teeth. The formula is constantly corrected as farming or changing the cutters. If any diseases are detected, then the letters and numbers indicate the names of pathology.

Age of animals

In the teeth they define the age of calf and adult animal. All milk teeth in the calf appear to the semi-annual age. They not only grow, but also begin to braid. Age is determined not only by calculating the amount of dairy cutters, but also paying attention to their length.

When abrasion, enamel becomes thinner, dentin decreases in volume and shortening. Erase enamel on the charts at the calf begins with 4 months. The process passes in different ways among individual groups of incisors.

The front edge of the hooks begins to change to 4-5 months. Dentin is shortened almost to the neck for 12 months. In 1.5-2 years there is a change of hooks. By 5 years, the hooks have permanent cows.
In medium inner cutters, the change is noticeable to a semi-annual age. At 14 months, they are erased to the roots of the calf. Change occurs in 3 g
On medium outer cutters, dental enamel begins to drop on 8 months. The crown is reduced to the roots of 18 months. Change occurs in 3.5 g
The edges are subject to change last, at 9 months. At 22 months, the roots are visible on the site of the cutters. In 4 g, there is a change of color.

By 6 g, the surface acquires a square surface. By 11-12, gaps are formed between the teeth. By 14 g. The cutters will be erased almost to the neck, the square platform on the surface becomes oval. If an animal is more than 16 years old, then he has practically no teeth. Some roots remain.

Age can be determined in square form on the surface of the incisors;

the square appears on the hooks to 7 g.;
on average internal cutters - 8 years;
on medium outdoor - 9 years;
10-11 years Square platform appears on the surface of the color.

The upper and lower arcade is closed with each other. In the form of a closure, the bite of animal is determined. The bite of the cow is considered correct if the crowns of the lower cutters are tightly pressed to the pillow, which is located on the upper jaw.

Are there any diseases cows do not need to brush their teeth. They eat coarse food, which is capable of normalizing acid-alkaline balance in the oral cavity.

Igor Nikolaev

Reading time: 3 minutes

Cow's ability to chew food can even envy a person. The process of collecting and grinding food is separate. It allows you to turn even rough food in Cashitz. It seems that the burenka constantly chews something. This is because the process of digestion is very complicated. The first component is the teeth. The condition of the whole organism of a large horned animal depends on their health and fortress.

Teeth abilities

Before dealing with the problems arising from the cow in the oral cavity, it is worth taking off the state of cattle teeth according to age-related changes:

the newborn calf has only four dairy small processes. For a week, the cub will have four more cutters. Two-week kid can boast two indigenous teeth. Around five months will grow the first rear roots, and by the year two more. In two years, the offspring completely changes the dairy jaw for permanent. As a rule, this happens without unpleasant sensations;
young cows have twenty teeth, twelve of which are indigenous, eight more - cutters. At the age of five, all bone formations gradually begin to host each other;
adults are distinguished by the presence of thirty-two teeth. At the same time, the number of indigenous increases to twenty-four, and the cutters remain as much. By ten years in the mouth there are only hemps. And the fifteen-year-old animals are deprived of the upper front teeth, which turn into a homogeneous plate. According to these features, you can distinguish the old cow.

Furious attention deserves about the wrong erasing of the teeth. There are sharp, smooth, staircase, sawy and scissors teeth. In the first case, indigenous teeth are rapidly. As a rule, it occurs in animals with a narrow lower jaw. Because of the sharpness, they may be painful and cheeks.

Smooth teeth appear when they are low. Then the feed is crushed slightly and poorly digested. Scissor teeth touch each other side surfaces. Food askso. The hardness of the tooth tissue and the steps on the chewing surface speak of the staircase type. Pilotous teeth are similar to the latest, but the protrusions are mixed with deepening.

There are no fangs in a cow, and the indigenous teeth are much more than dairy. Although a healthy cow boasts a beautiful jaw - in shape all teeth are equal.

Only cutters on the lower jaw are directed forward, they are longer and sharp. Of these, two in the middle are called hooked, then internal averages go on both sides. The following is called outdoor averages and in conclusion - paint.

The upper jaw is accompanied by a gum roller. Lower can move in a circle. The cutters serve to cut grass, and the molars for her grinding.

Signs of change

How much time the digestion of the cow remains healthy and her owner will live without trouble in connection with this, they will say her teeth. Some changes in the oral cavity with the jaw of the animal do not necessarily indicate pathology.

Approximately two and a half years in the cow begins Seboron.

He gives some burenks with great difficulty and makes it takes to take the owners of cattle.

Seborone call the process of falling out the upper teeth, which replaces the single plate.

The symptoms will tell that the Cow has a Zuboron:

first, the teeth begin to stagger strongly;
next to the cow can be detected by teeth;
may be a refusal of coarse feed;
abundant salivation;
eating soft bread, liquid bolt;
several oppressed state of the animal;
the temperature does not rise;
the scar is reduced in slow motion;
the amount of iron can decrease.

The process of falling out the teeth and shift lasts long enough. Therefore, it should be closely monitoring the condition and behavior of cattle. If an animal has a normal mood and good appetite, then no special actions are worth noting.

Treatment

Sometimes the owner of the cow is insecure about behavior when changing the teeth. In this case, to resolve the issue, how to treat from the Cow to Seboron, you need to contact the practitioner of the veterinarian.

Absolutely any the owner of the cow should know how to feed and care for this animalBut this is still not all. It is very important to understand the anatomy of the cow: in the structure of its skeleton, as well as study internal organs. Cows are massive and persistent animals, its skull is able to withstand heavy loads, as for the skeleton, it is very strong.

This pet has great endurance, and also differs in his undepair. It may easily adapt to any natural conditions and can digest both juicy feed and coarse cheap. On anatomy of the cow deserves special attention.

Head of cow

Cows are large pets. It can easily determine looking at her head. They have a wide big face that has character traitsInherehere to this kind. These include:

Big ears, which are rooted on the sides;
Flat wide forehead;
Short-lived bottom of the muzzle;
Pronounced abrupt arcs.

Special feature of cows - These are expressive huge eyes. It is believed that the sky is drowning in them. In addition to eyes, there is another important part of the body - the animal has very strong occipital muscles. They need to help the cow hold their head, which is mostly lowered down, because they eat a lot.

Most likely, you had to see the cow skull in films or in the pictures. It consists of particularly strong bones that are able to resist under strong pressure. As for the bone, it can be divided into two parts by the structure: facial and brain. Each of them has an individual value for Bains.

In accordance with title brain part Creates a certain product that is intended for the brain. As for the facial, it is intended for the front of the muzzle of a cow, which includes oral cavities and nose, as well as the orcap. When the calon only appeared on the light, both parts of the skull are the same in size, but with age, the facial part begins to increase and become more brain.

In addition to the main parts of the head, the cow skull can be divided into paired bones (13 pieces) and unpaired (7 pieces). For example, the brain part folds from

Wedge-shaped bone;
Occipital;
Interromene.

And among the doubles should be allocated:

Dread bone;
Frontal;
Temple.

Eyes cow

Eyes are not only the most beautiful and fascinating feature of the Bains, but also its rather significant analyzer. Like I. any representative of the animal world, eyes have their own structure, namely - availability eyeball, protective and subsidiary bodies. As for the eyeball, it consists of three shells:

Vascular;
Mesh;
Forty.

The pupil itself is located in the rainbow shell, and it in turn in vascular.

Additional eye bodies that perform the function of protection, there are: tear apparatus, muscles and eyelids. It should be noticed that cows have very long protective eyelashes. In century, both from the bottom and on top, are present special eyelashes analyzers. They help the cow protect themselves from sudden hits of objects in the eyes. For example, during the head of the head, thanks to these hairs, the burly can determine which length of grass or branches.

Since we are talking about the structure of the eyes, it is impossible not to mention the way that the world is sees this animal. According to scientists, cows see images on an enlarged scale, as well as they almost distinguish colors. For instance, white color Recognized best, but green and red is much worse.

Teeth cow

Burninki possess a special and extremely complex dental system, so this topic cannot be bypass. A newborn calf has 20 dairy teeth, in the process of growing, they fully replace the indigenous - the calf will then be about a year and a half. Adult cow has 32 tooth. Please note that the upper incisors in the animal are completely absent.

The process of breaking the grass they occur in a special way. The cow captures the beam of grass with lips and tongue, after which the greenery presses to the lower row of the teeth and makes a rapid movement of the head, thanks to this, the grass is cut. From sheep and goats, cow differs Topthat she does not cripple root system Greens, and all-going to the tops. This explains what new plants grow perfectly on their pastures.

All her teeth are perfectly suitable for chewing vegetation food, which has coarse fibers. An adult animal has 24 flat rooted tooth, as well as 8 cutters. The fangs are completely absent, in addition, even the lower cutters are not particularly sharp. But in the power of jaw muscles, you can not doubt the muscles can constantly make chewing movements. Therefore, it is not so dangerous bite borenki to the teeth, as the power with which she is enough.

The upper jaw of the cow of the real estate, and regarding the top, then instead of the cutters here are a durable admisted part. But the lower part is especially moving and can make circular movements.

Ears

Borens are famous not only well developed hearing, but also by the fact that they have musical. This explains what cows are able to memorize votes, sounds and songs. By the way, back they are able to distinguish the game of musical instruments And even to react in different ways. The auditory apparatus itself develops from the external, middle and inner ear.

Due to the fact that the external ear, in the form of a sink, and also consists of muscles and cartilage - it has strong mobility. The middle ear consists of standard hearing bones, drumpatch and connected to the throat.

The structure of the skeleton of the cow

The heart of the cow matches the large size of the body. Recall that the heart has four-dimensional cows. Big sizes Apply not only hearts, but also the whole skeleton. Bones have great strength because they need to cope with hold big weight bodies and organs. Please note that a skeleton of cattle is the best example of the structure of the musculoskeletal system. He serves as an example of veterinarians and zoologists to study the skeletons of the remaining mammals.

An animal skeleton is divided into two parts - it is peripheral and axial. The axial part includes:

Skull;
Chest;
Spine.

This part is responsible for the main load. Peripherals include limbs.

The structure of the spine

It is divided into different parts that differ in the shape and size. For example, K. cervical department 7 vertebrae include zone covered - this is the distance from the skull to the chest. The vertebrae is characterized by high strength and mobility, which makes it possible to hold the neck with lowered. As for the chest, then it includes ribs and 13 vertebrals. Ribs are attached to each vertebra.

In the aggregate all this forms chest. Rybra, which are located in the back - mobile, because in this part of the chest there are lungs.

The subsequent part of the spine is the lumbar, which has 6 verteons, then there is a sacral with 5 vertebrae and further housing - from 18 to 20 vertebrae.

Cow structure: limbs

The front limbs of the burly belong to the thoracic part of the skeleton, and the rear are called pelvic. Experts for animal limbs include not only legs, but also the other parts and bones that help attach them to the frame - it is pelvic bones and blades.

The front limbs include:

Forearm;
Shoulder blades;
Shoulder;
Brushes (fingers, stain, wrist).

Under the fingers is meant the part where the hoof is located.

The hind limbs consist of:

Pelvic bone;
Shin;
Feet;
Hips.

The femoral bone is characteristic of the tubular structure, as well as it is the most big bone In the body of the animal.

ATTENTION, only today!

The cow has a mouthful cavity - it is lips, cheeks, tongue, gums, teeth, nebo, salivary glands, Almonds and Zev. And so, the cow food eaten falls into the throat, after the esophagus, and then in the stomachs. The mouth of the cow is well adapted to accumulate grass, but bounces the food cow during the meal is very small.

The structure of the oral cavity, in particular, each type of animals is different, depending on the type and needs of animals. Everyone knows that the herbivores have a teeth modified or lost their teeth during evolution.

Cows have one lower cutter, but completely lost top teeth. The calf cow appears with four milk after a week, the teeth of the cow appear in a week - this is a third pair of dairy indigenous teeth.

The change of milk to the root teeth of the cows begins for about about a year and a half and lasts about four years, it happens that it can last longer. Change of teeth in cows passes, as a rule, painlessly. The teeth of the cows begin to fumble very much at about the age of one and a half years, the second constant indigenous teeth begin to be cut down instead.

Cattle's teeth are bone enamel organs. They serve to capture and energous food consumed. The cows teeth are divided into cutters, premium teeth, premolars, as well as indigenous teeth that are more often called molars. The calves are born already with educated teeth. Their jaw consists of twenty dairy teeth, there are no indigenous teeth. The replacement of dairy teeth in a cow is indigenous tooth begins only from the fourteenth month.

The form in the chewing surface of the cow teeth changes with age, which is often used to determine the age of the cow. Cattle has no cutters, but there is a dental pillow in their place, which is completely covered with gums. The surface of this pillow is dense and resistant to any internal damage that can be applied during feeding feed.

The dental pillow also serves as a press for feed to the lower cutters, the language does not interfere with the tongue during the capture of feed. The gums and teeth share the oral cavity into two parts, it is a threshold of the oral cavity. It is located between the mucous membrane in the cow, its lips and the cheeks and between the outer surface of the teeth and the gum, as well as the mouth of the cavity, which is limited by the internal pagan surfaces of the teeth and gums.

Like a person, the jaw of adult cow, a representative of cattle consists of thirty-two full-fledged teeth. After analyzing the above information, everything becomes clear about the structure of the teeth from the cow.

An interesting fact about cows is that the teeth have a cow mainly for food inheritance. It dishes and grind it with the upper and lower teeth. The teeth with this use are very wearing and erased, it can be seen when examining the teeth of the cow.

By the year and ten months, the bows of the cow falls out and the indigenous teeth appear in their place. After that, internal medium cutters are cut down in eight months. At the age of three and four months, the cow is changing the outer averages. By that time, the front edges of the hooks are already erasing.

By four years and two months, the cows change the edges of the paint and they are erased by five years. By fifteen years, the cow's teeth are very worn out and instead of the teeth there is a semblance of hemp. Therefore, it is very important that the cow constantly obtained calcium into its diet. This is very important information about changing the teeth from the cow, which you need to know the owners of the cows.

Erasing teeth in a cow changes its chewing tooth surface. But it is interesting that the length of the teeth, regardless of this, remains almost unchanged. Practically, like rodents, in cows as the teeth sharply grow up gradually. Worn or already erased teeth in a cow are a sign of its aging and its age.

People are engaged in breeding farm animals in order to obtain various products from them: meat, milk, eggs, wool, and others. Thus, animals provide a person with everything necessary for life, they all unites them.

In addition to the similarity between these animals, there are differences. They are in the structure, singularities of nutrition, etc.

In an adult cow 32 tooth, 8 of which are cutters (only on the lower jaw) and 24 - indigenous teeth (on both sides of the upper and lower jaws). When considering the topic "Jaw Cow", the photo is simply necessary in order to better deal with the features of its structure.

Cattle feeds vegetable food, in connection with which they digestive system It has a number of features that distinguish between other animals: a stomach, consisting of several departments (scar, schuch, book), the structure of the jaw and others. The lower jaw of the cow is already top. This feature allows her to chew on one side, then to another. The upper jaw does not have in its composition of cutters and fangs.

Their functions perform a dental plate, which is located opposite the lower cutters ahead. The CRS incisors feature differs from other animals. They are not needed to gnaw food, and in order to tear the grass, which cow to their surface presses. Thanks to this teeth location, an animal can pinch grass. Chewing efficiency increases the structure of indigenous teeth, which have a fractional surface of food inheritance, which allows animals by moving the jaw of the sideline, chew food.

Viewing the structure of the jaws of cows, it is necessary to note the importance of the language and salivary glands In the process of chewing food. The language participates in the swallowing of grass and other feeds. In addition, it mixes food in the mouth and sends to the esophagus. A large number of The salivary glands arranged in the oral cavity (in the mucous membrane of the lips, the sky and the cheeks) of cattle, wet food, which falls into the mouth, soften it, form the food com and, thus, cook food to swallow.

When the cow is on grazing, it does not chew the grass, but just breaks it and swallows. Later, during the rest, it begins to "chew a chewing gum" - jershits the grass, torn on grazing, in purph cavity, chews and swallows again.

The process of digestion in cattle has an important feature. It lies in the fact that the cow chews the food is not immediately.

The structure of the jaws of the cow has the following features: no fangs, cutters are available on the lower jaw, on the upper jaw instead - a rigid plate, etc. These features and allow cows to eat vegetable food.