The history of Korea, starting from the period of the Board of the mythical hero of Tangun, has a number of historical eras: the period of three states, the United Silla, the State of Korne, the period of the Board of the Chosen dynasty, the time of Japanese colonial domination, section of the peninsula for two states and modern stage - The era of the development of the Republic of Korea. Although today the concept of "Korean's territory" is limited by the definition of the "Korean Peninsula and the Islands adjacent to him", in the past of the historical advance for the ancestors of the current Koreans, the northeastern lands of modern China and an extensive region adjacent to the Korean Peninsula were performed.

Myth About Tangongo and the State Ancient Choson

The starting point in the history of both the Korean nation and Korean statehood should be considered the myth of Tangun. Summary of the Myth of Tangongov Mobility, the son of the Heavenly Vladyka of Hwanitor, thinking to rule the world of mortals, descended along with the spirits of the wind, cloud and rain under the tree of Sindansu ("Sacred Tang Tree") that on Mount Thabexan (now - Möhansan Mountain in Northern Phenodo province in North Korea), and founded the "sacred hail" of synsin. The myth also tells about the fact that a tiger and a bear turned to Molboy, asking for them to make them. Mobility responsed: "It will be possible, if you, for a hundred days, feeding only garlic and wormwood, you will not go to sunlight." Tiger testing could not stand, and a bear, manifesting patience, turned around Woman Unnea (i.e. "" a woman-bear "). Unnea wanted to have children, and then Mobility, having accepted the human appearance, took her in wives. They had a son who was called Tangong. Tangong (full title - Tagun-Wang) founded the capital in the fortress of Phenyangson, and Coson called the country. He ruled the country of 1500 years, and at the age of 1908 turned into a mining spirit. So this myth is set out in the historical essay of the XIII century. "Sumguk Yusa" ("Forgotten acts of three states"). Analysis of the myth of Tangongo for the mythical events preceding the emergence of Tangun's world, the migration of the ancestors of modern Koreans on the Korean Peninsula and the occupation of them of the dominant position in relation to the indigenous population. The retinue with which the grove came to the ground can be interpreted as the culture of agriculture and other advanced technologies that brought the protoco tribes with them to the peninsula. Female Medley Unnee symbolizes the aboriginal population, and her marriage union with a boughing allegorically depicts the process of mixing aliens with the statements and the formation of a single ethnic. Tangun acts as the leader of this new ethnic education and at the same time as his character. Therefore, Koreans are customary to call themselves the descendants of Tangun. State of Ancient Choson (2333 BC (?) - II century BC) According to Korean chronicle sources, Tangong Vang founded the state in the fiftieth year of the reign of the legendary Chinese emperor Yao, in the year "Tiger" traditional chronology. If you translate this date for modern chores, it will turn out 2333 BC. The existence of the state of the ancient Choson is customary to refer to the prehistoric era. Therefore, the events that took place at that time can be reconstructed by analyzing the myths, based on the information drawn from the ancient Chinese chronicles, as well as the data of archeology. The study of etymology named after Tangong Vangoma allows us to conclude about theocratic nature of power in that epoch. The history of the ancient Coson is divided into a number of periods: Chosen Tangun, Choson Kitch (Oc. 1121 - 194. BC) and Choson Vimana (194-108 BC). Each of these periods was marked by the coming to power of the new forces in the face of Tangongo and immigrants from China - Kijj (Kit. Ji Tzu) and Vimana. The sunset of the ancient Coson is accounted for by II BC, when in the struggle for hegemony in the region, he began to endure defeat from the Hansky China.

The period of three states (I c. BC - 668 AD)

In i century BC. A number of tribes living in the territory of the Korean Peninsula and Manchuria, uniting, formed three states. In the north of the peninsula and in Manchuria, the Cogware state was created. In the western part of the Korean Peninsula there was a state of Packs. Finally, Eastern lands occupied the state of Silla. Although several ethnic groups participated in the genesis of these three states, it can be argued that the ideas about the single orphanage Tangun were their shared feature. △ Kogouro State (37 BC - 668 AD) The founder of the state of Kogouro (37 g. BC - 668 AD) is considered to be Chumbon (entered the history under the temple The name of the wise ruler of Tonmen). The state was formed in the southern part of Manchuria in the tribes of Puddles and dominated the entire territory of Manchuria and in the northern part of the Korean Peninsula. Konure stood on the way to progress on the Hantsev peninsula (center-forming ethnos of China), so from the very moment of the foundation of the state conflicts with China were inevitable. The Chinese military-political influence on the Korean Peninsula was eliminated with the conquest of the Koguryrs of the districts of Annan (Keith Lolan) and Tean (Kit. Daifan), which were formed on the Peninsula in China after the fall of the ancient Coson. And ranked in 598. The huge army of the Chinese dynasty of Sui, Cogourge lifted as the strongest state in Northeast Asia. Among the three Korean states, Kogouria also possessed the most vast territories and a powerful army, which for a long time made it on the peninsula terrible force. However, in wars with thousands of suicane armies, the cogwray was undermined, and in the end the state fell under the blows of the Union troops of Silla state and replaced the Tang Dynasty. After the death of the cogger, his population was submitted under the power of Silla. But part of the koghurstsev, migrating to the north and uniting there a number of nations, created the state of Parheh (Kit. Figi). State Packche (18 g. BC - 660 AD) State Pekche State (18 g. BC - 660 AD) According to the legend, it was founded by immigrants from Kogouro - Brothers Onzho And the pour, the sons of the wise ruler of Tonmen, who were crossing south. For this mythological version you can see the process of the founding of the new state by migrants from Kogouro, displaced from there with the ruling clan. In the northern direction, Pekche came across Kogouro, which prevented the further promotion of his neighbor. In the Western direction, Pekcche through the sea route supported relations with various Chinese kingdoms. Woning the southern part of the County of Tean (Kit. Daifan), the population of Chinese influence on the peninsula, Packs strengthened his position, which led to clashes with Kogouro. Subsequently, with the growth of power, Sill Pekcche had to lead the exhaust struggle and on the eastern direction. Intensively developed by Packs with Japan. The history of the State Pacche was marked by the takeoff of the brilliant culture. But the confrontation with Silla washed out of the country's forces, until finally, in 660, the state did not die under the onslaught of the Union troops of Silla and the Chinese Dynasty of Tan. After falling Packs, many people from this state, crouching to Japan, contributed to the formation of statehood and culture in this country. Silla State (57 BC - 935 AD, including the period of the United States) if the MiFs about the founders of Kogouro and Packs are traced by the Puoy component, then the myth of the founder of Silla state (57 BC. e. - 935 AD, including the Common Silla period) belongs to the group of myths, where the hero is born from the egg. From the egg appears and the mythical founder of Silla Pak Hökkos. The myth about Pak Hyukkos hides in itself the process of mixing the local population with carriers of more advanced culture, which came from the outside, and the formation of a new ethnos. The time of the existence of Silla State, including the period of the United Sille, when, for 992 years, 56 rulers have changed on the throne, they call the "millennial kingdom" in Korea. Being clamped in the southeastern part of the Korean Peninsula, Silla state practically did not have access to advanced culture, which affected his slow development. Nevertheless, gradually developing, this state has developed both military and cultural potential. And the Union with Tansky China allowed to break alternately by Pack and Kogouro and implement the historical task of uniting all three states on the Korean Peninsula ..

The period of the United Silla (668 - 935)

The story of Silla after the unification of the three states is called the period of the Joint Silla (668 - 935). It was the time of the magnificent flourishing of culture under state patronage of Buddhism. Having got rid of the country's unification from China's intervention, Silla was able to unite all the lands of the Korean Peninsula under its authority, with the exception of part of the territory in the north. To the north of the united Silla, the state of Parheh (whale Khuhai) was found from Kogouro. Thus, the foundations were laid for the formation and development of the Unified Nation. IN late period Sille tops were mired in luxury and entertainment, and the political situation in the country turned out to be destabilized. The provincial self-made local to know, and the era of the internecine struggle began, which in historiography is also called the time of late three-chairs. With the re-association of the country under the rule of the dynasty, Korea Silla ceased its existence.

Dynasty period Korea (918 - 1392)

The founder of the Korean dynasty (918 - 1392) Van Gong (877 - 943) elected Sonak as the capital (the modern city of Cason in North Korea). In 935, he included Silla to the composition of the new state, and in 936 defeated the state Hubekha (later Packs), thereby completing the re-association of the country. With dynasty, Buddhism used in particular reverence, and foreign policy He puts its task to north, as a result of which the states of the state were expanded. In the late period of the Koroe dynasty, the country was exposed to the wing of the Mongols (the dynasty of the Yuan in China), and the ruling house of Korea, hitting the subordinate position from the conquerors, barely retained his autonomous existence. Taking advantage of the smutch in China, caused by the loss of the power of the Yuan dynasty and the approval of the Ming dynasty, Korea restored state sovereignty. However, with the enhancement of the influence of the military and the appearance of a strong leader named whether the dream of the GE throne moved to him, and the Korean dynasty stopped his existence. She is the rules of the country of 474, and during this time the 34 monarch managed to visit the throne

Coson dynasty period (1392 - 1910)

The Coson Dynasty (1392 - 1910) was founded by the nucleus nucleus nailed from the Wednesday (Van Thacho) with the support of the reform wing of the ruling layer on the ideas of Confucianism. It is believed that the former dynasty was shifted by no rough strength, but to the renunciation of the throne, the reason for which he served the loss of the mandate of the sky by virtue of his unfinishedness. The period of the Board of the Coson dynasty is unique in that although the ruler was endowed with absolute power, he had a counterweight in the face of Confucianis educated officials and scientists. Therefore, even called the monarch, he was obliged in personal, and in state affairs, pedantically follow the provisions of the political philosophy of the time. In the state, the Coson was widely developed both culture and technology, an example of which the creation of the Korean alphabet and the invention of the rainer could be served. On the other hand, adherence to convention and ceremonial to the discourse with unnecessary pickyness is that the theoretical calculations concerned, led society to stagnation. The consequence of the policy of Isolation conducted over time was the inability to respond to the challenges of the era in a new time. Becoming the victim of the rivalry of the great powers, Korea eventually fell in 1910 under the colonial jet of imperialist Japan.

The period of Japanese colonial domination (1910 - 1945)

Since the beginning of the period of Japanese colonial domination (1910 - 1945), Governorate General Zeoson (Yap. Tösen) was established in Korea. In the later stages, Nason Ilchha's slogan was nominated (Jap. "Naisen - Youth"), which means "Japan and Korea - a single whole". The policy carried out under this slogan was aimed at full assimilation of Koreans, deprivation of their national roots. It was forbidden to pronounce the Korean names and surnames, it was forbidden to speak Korean and even use the Korean alphabet. In the period of the colonial enslavement, armed AntiPonian struggle of the Korean partisan detachments, based on the territory of China and Russia, did not cease. In China, a temporary government was formed in emigration that carried out the leadership of the national liberation movement. The first independence movement, which unfolded in Korea on March 1, 1919, entered the story as a nationwide movement, held under the slogan "Tonnip Manse!" ("Long live independence!") And non-violent methods of struggle against the actions of the armed troops and police. With the end in 1945 of World War II, the Japanese army went away from the country, and the period of colonial domination ended

Modern period

After the liberation of the country in 1945, American troops were placed in the southern part of the country, and in Northern Soviet. In each of these two zones of presence, their military administration acted, and this was the first grain of the country's further section. After the elections held in 1948, the Separate Government was formed in the south, and the Republic of Korea was proclaimed. The Government of the Republic of Korea was recognized by the world community as the only legitimate government on the Korean Peninsula. In the north, with the support of the USSR, the Communist regime was created - the Korean People's Democratic Republic. Since the invasion of North Korea, south began Korean WarWith 1950 to 1953, the intervention of the UN troops and the Chinese army ended in the result of a truce who secured the section of the country. After that, having survived the period of instability in the 60s, the Republic of Korea was carried out in the 70s. Accelerated economic development, called the "miracle on the Khangan River." In the late 80s, political democratization was carried out, implying a change in power in the country through the Institute of Direct Presidential Elections. Along with this, in relationships with the North, there was a departure from the plants " cold War" A transition to mutual recognition of existing in both korea political Systems, To the era of reconciliation and cooperation.

A little about Korean

Where did Koreans come from?

To the question "Who are such Koreans?" Many will answer "these Asians, and they live on the Korean Peninsula, in two countries - North and South Korea." And someone may, altogether call them Chinese or Mongols. There are many options, because so far, scientists and historians have not come to a single conclusion, continuing to put forward various hypothesis about the origin of the Koreans.

There is a version that about six thousand years old Paleoisian tribes inhabited in the north of Siberia settled in Manchuria and on the Korean Peninsula, where I met with the Tribes of IEC, as a result of which Korean nationality was formed.

Someone suggests that the Altai people came from the foot of the Altai mountains to Manchuria, the Korean Peninsula and Japan, where they had to withstand Chinese Yakhani, so tribes were rallied with time, forming the nationality of Koreans, Mongols, Turks, etc.

There is an opinion that primitive tungs and there are Koreans formed as a result of a confluence of three tribes: Fan Ungarrived from Central Asia, Buowho came from steppes and Saki. from Turkey. These three tribes came to the north of China, where they mixed with local peoples, after which they settled on the Korean Peninsula.

But DNA studies show that the Korean nationality takes its beginning from the eastern part of the Sayan mountains and the surroundings of Baikal. But one thing can be said for sure - according to the anthropological type, Koreans belong to the East Asian branch of the Mongoloid race. Modern Koreans speak Korean, call themselves in North Korea "Choson Sarah", and in South - "Hanguk Sarah". Koreans live not only on the Korean Peninsula, there are many of them enough in the PRC, the USA and Japan. Russia among these countries occupies an eighth place with the Korean population of 180 thousand people. The ethnic name of the Russian Koreans "Korey Sarah".

Koreans. Interesting Facts

• Korean carrots - a dish invented by Russian Koreans and is not related to traditional Korean cuisine;
• The first thing that will ask you to Korean after greetings "Are you hungry?" Food in the Korean mentality is a very important thing;
• Koreans are very hardworking, the loss of work is the collapse of the whole saint in life;
• Inclime - performance indicator. For example, a student on the protection of a diploma should look green and semi-dimensional, and otherwise it can be cropped in insufficient diligence;
• For men in a row with a small face, Oshina waist and expressive lips in the ideal of female beauty fit ... Big ears;
• Until 1994, the couple with the same names could not make an official marriage - the register was put in the register "relatives" and the married couple did not have the opportunity to register their children;
• In Korea, they are trying to avoid numbers 4, because it is consonant with the word "death". Therefore, in buildings often after the third floor there is a fifth, or the four is replaced by the letter F;
• Koreans consume a lot of alcohol. The average annual number of alcohol per year in the soul of the population is 9.1 liters;
• About 90% of the Koreans of the Pea, with the lenses they prefer glasses, as it is considered an indicator of a good mind;
• Baseball is the most popular sport in Korea;
• Plastic surgery - an important part of the life of almost every woman (and men too);
• Many Koreans sing well, but they dance badly. That is why they have a non-residential delight of Halle's artists;
• You can not write the name of a living person with red ink - it will bring death to him. The thing is that before the name of the deceased wrote with red letters on the tombstone;
• 93% of South Korea students finish the university;
• South Korea ranks second in the world by the number of reading people;
• Literacy rate in South Korea is 99%;
• Neither northern nor South Korea perceive each other as an independent country. That is, South Korea automatically gives citizenship to the resident of Northern, as well as North - the resident of the South;
• Each Fifth Korean is the name of Kim, the eighth - Lee, the tenth - Pak;
• Koreans do not call the Japanese sea as such, but his name is eastern. This is due to long-standing conflicts between states.

Although archaeological finds suggest that in the territory of the Korean Peninsula there were settlements of primitive person, about 70 thousand years ago, but the official history of South Korea Or the first state education in this territory, has later mentions in the ancient Chinese chronicles.

According to these historical documents, another 1300 BC on this territory of the Korean Peninsula existed such a state education as an ancient Choson. but turnstanding torque In the history of the country, the kore's dynasty was coming to power, which happened in the first millennium of our era, which became the historical moment when the name of the state appeared on the world geographical and political map, which was the prototype of the country's modern name - "Korea", story which goes deep into the ages.

Capital of South Korea

In the history of mankind, there are quite rare cases when the name of the capital does not mean anything other than just the word "capital". It is so from the Korean language to translated the word "Seoul", the city that until 1945 had a slightly different name, namely Khanyan. However, after the section of the Korean Peninsula, the South Koreans decided to change the name of their capital a little. And today it is Seoul, with its 10 million inhabitants, refer to one of the most densely populated cities in the world.

Population of South Korea

According to the UN statistical data over the past year, a little more than 51 million inhabitants on average, which corresponds to 26 location in the world population rating. At the same time, almost up to the seventies of the past century, the foundation of the country's population was ethnic Koreans with a small number of Chinese population. However, with the development of the economy of the country, the ethnic composition has changed significantly due to the significantly quantity of Chinese emigrants. So that today the indigenous Korean population is not more than one third of the total population of the country.

State South Korea

Despite the fact that it was officially proclaimed in 1948 from the moment the Constitution of this country adopted by the Parliament, but the statehood existed before this date. After all, since 1919, when the Korean Peninsula was occupied by Japanese militarists, there was a legitimate temporary government of the Republic of Korea, which was not recognized as not only by the Government of the USSR, but also the Government of North Korea headed by his head Kim Il Sen.

South Korean policy

According to the Constitution current in South Korea, the form of the country's political and state system is determined as the presidential republic of which is the president of the republic, elected by a universal direct vote for a five-year term. At the same time, the legislative power in the country belongs to the parliament, which as part of 300 deputies is elected also for a five-year term. So, in general, has the most progressive and democratic forms.

South Korean language

Both northern and South Koreacommunicatives in Korean, which, according to many linguists, refer to a separate group of so-called "Altai languages". At the same time, with their communication, ethnic Koreans living in many countries of the world are used, namely, in such as the same China, Japan and a significant part of countries Central Asia. In addition, in connection with the integration of South Korea to the world economy, some of the country's population is quite free to own Japanese, English and chinese Languages. And this kind of assimilation significantly affects that culture of South Korea More and more acquires Western European character.

Korea is known as one of the most ancient states in East Asia. Ancient Choson was the first government formation in the territory of modern Korea. His flourishing accounted for the fifth and sixth century before the start of our era.

Already in the first century, before the start of our era, in the territory of the Korean Peninsula, the early refortel states of Silla, Pack and Kogouro were formed. In history, this time was included as the "Trozenival period". In states that closely collaborated with each other, Buddhism and Confucianism were established. Silla, Packs and Kogouro eventually begin to fight a lot for leadership in the peninsula. In their already bloody struggle, Chinese states of Sui and Tang regularly intervene regularly.

In the seventh century, the force comes out by the winner of the next internecial war with its neighbors and the state is created on its territory, which includes the Earth of all three powers. It is called united Silla and is the first united state in the history of Korea. In the next century, Silla turns into a strongest feudal state, but at the beginning of the ninth century, as a result of several feudal interdesquets, the state falls into decay.

Nine hundred and eighteenth year, under the control of a talented commander named Van Gol, the Korean state was formed on the territory of the Korean Peninsula (the European name of the country occurred on the territory of this name). Throughout its existence, until the end of the fourteenth century, Korea is constantly in a state of war with Chjuzheni, chicks and numerous Mongolian invaders.

By the end of the eleventh century, the state was noticeably weakened. The reason for this was, first of all, the incessant military actions against a number of invaders, as well as the permanent distribution among the feudalists of the state. Since the weakening of the country accompanied the strengthening of the feudal oppression of the population, popular uprising began to occur in the country. At the end of the twelfth century, the country had three largest peasant rebounds, which embraced the huge territory of Korea.

By the end of the fourteenth century, a teammaker was coming to power in Korea, who made a military coup and placed the beginning of a new dynasty - Lee Dynasty, which would rule in Korea up to one thousand nine hundred to the tenth year. Son Ga, who knew the story of his lands, renamed his state to Choson, giving tribute to the memory of ancient Coson. To strengthen and revive the country, the new Wang (so in the state called the king) held a number of important reforms and accepted several key laws.

For three centuries, starting with the fifteenth, Korea is forced to provide stubborn resistance to a number of foreign conquerors. At the end of the sixteenth century, having enlisted the support of China, the Korean state reflects the invasion of its lands of Japan. Further, the years of the bloody war, which entered the history called "Idjin War" was followed. In this war against the Japanese invaders, the Korean people showed themselves very patriotic and courageously. Thanks to an urgent iron called "Kobukson", the Korean fleet won a number of very important marine victories. The fleet at that time was led by the talented warlord and the sensible Admiral Lee Sun Sin.

At the beginning of the seventeenth century, the Korean people have to keep defense against the frequent raids of Manchurian tribes.

Fearing the next raids on the side of the Inozemists, starting from the seventeenth century, which in power of the Aristocracy of Korea, begins to lead a closed policy of isolation from the rest of the world. Since then, the name "Country-Hermit" has been fixed for Korea. On the entire coast of the country, barriers and fortifications were built, the population of strictly setting was prohibited from entering into contact with foreign people. Even fishermen had no right to go out into the sea too far, in order to avoid contacts with sailors of foreign ships. But by the end of the eighteenth century, missionaries from Europe, who introduced local residents from the Christian religion, who began to be gradually affirmed in the Korean society began to penetrate into the land of Korea.

The inner life of the Korean state for the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries was accompanied by frequent conflicts, a civil struggle for power, coup, conspiracy and shocks of various "parties". However, it was during this period in the history of the country, trade and various crafts are growing rapidly, a number of workshops appear. At the same time, the mining industry is developing rapidly and copper, silver and gold begins in Korea. Cash relations are beginning to be formed in the country.

In the eighteenth century, a huge contribution to the development of culture and science of the country has made an ideological course "Sirhak", whose name can be translated as "real sciences". It arose in opposition to the movement of orthodox confusion. Sirhakists promoted the ideas of less cruel operation of peasants, the development of trade, the national industry and advocated equal to all land use. They expressed protests against social inequality and superstition, and also called for fellow citizens to adopt experience and all the best that could be found from other peoples. Supporters of this movement demanded the termination of the Korean worship policy of the "older brother", which for Korea at the time was China. It is from the views of the ideologues "Sirhak" began a report growing in the society democratic trends and the brewing crisis of feudal standing.

The beginning of the nineteenth century was the time for Korea instability in society. Peasants, artisans and poor citizens more and more often opposed the dominance of aristocrats and feudal. This period is also marked by the emergence of the new teaching "Tychak" which has absorbed the best of these religions as Christianity, Buddhism, Confucianism and Korean shamanism. The main idea of \u200b\u200bthis teaching was to equality of all people.

In the nineteenth century, in the territory of Korea, this expansion begins by a number of countries trying to "open" a revolving country. Seventy-sixth year of the nineteenth century, Japan imposes the signing of a non-equivance contract to the Korean authorities. Six years later, its example followed the United States, and over the next few years, such contracts with Korea will sign France, Russia and the United Kingdom. All these powers come into the struggle for the right to subjugate the Korean Peninsula.

Starting from the seventies of the nineteenth century, in the face of the exacerbating crisis of outdated feudal relations and the external influence of a number of countries, the Keezhi Undon movement arises in Korea, the name of which can be translated as "reform movement". His ideological foundation was "Sirhak". Supporters of the new movement openly showed their dissatisfaction with the feudal regime and the Chinese influence in Korea, advocated the development of capitalist equal relations and expanding ties with foreign powers. Their program included crossing corruption, the reorganization of the army, the improvement of the situation of the ordinary people, as well as the assimilation of the positive experience of foreign countries.

On the fourth of December one thousand eight hundred and eighty-fourth years, reformers managed to make a coup. But two days later, their harness was suppressed with the help of the Chinese army.

The end of the nineteenth century is also characteristic of Korea by the beginning of a wide peasant movement against the feudal oppression. In the nineties of the nineteenth century, this movement will lead to the beginning of the peasant war. However, these uprisings will be suppressed with the help of Chinese military. Such shares of the Chinese Army led to dissatisfaction with Japan, which crossed its troops to the territory of Korea under the pretext of protecting his subjects and caused a crushing defeat by Chinese troops. As a result of such a turn of events, Korea finally got rid of the oppression of neighboring China and gained real independence.

At the end of the nineteenth century, the Royal Yard of Korea joins negotiations with Russia to prevent the capture of Korea Japan. Russia speaks in support of the Korean state, but as a result of the defeat in the Russian-Japanese war, he could not resist the influence of the Japanese growing on the peninsula. By the end of the summer of the tenth year of the last century, Japan turns Korea to part of his empire and the country receives the status of a Governor-General subordinating Japan.

Japanese domination in Korea lasts almost forty years. All attempts by the Korean people get out of the oppression of the invaders (for example, the famous postartovsky movement), cruelly performed with the help of troops. During World War II, Korea becomes a military-strategic bridgehead for Japan.

But the Korean people stubbornly opposed the invaders. On the territory of the country there was a whole network of partisan movement. One of these partisan detachments was led by Kim Il Sen - the future leader of North Korea.

After defeat Soviet army Kwantunskaya grouping, the Korean people were released from under the prolonged oppression of Japan. But the confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union did not allow the Koreans to create a single state - in the forty-eight-eight year, the territory of the peninsula was divided into South Korea, which fell under the influence of the United States, and North Korea, whose protectorate was provided by the USSR.

In the fifties of the last century, a three-year-old Korean war begins on the territory of the peninsula, as a result of which the DPRK was recognized as aggressor UN resolution. In July, fifty-third years, the parties signed a peace treaty, which is still valid.

Plan
Introduction
1 Early History
2 Ancient Joson
3 Early states (108 BC. E. - III century)
4 Three kingdoms
5 PARKHE and Joint Silla
6 Late three kingdoms
7 Korea
7.1 Mongols in Korea

8 Choson
8.1 Sunset Joson

9 Annexia Japan
10 split Korea
List of references

Introduction

Prehistoric Korea
Kochoson, Chinguk
Early kingdoms:
PUE, OKCHO, TUN
SAMHAN
Confederation Kaya.
Three kingdoms:
Kogouro.
Pack
Silla
Joint Silla, Parheh
Late three kingdoms
Korea:
Kidan wars
Mongolian invasions
Coson:
Imjinsky War
Korean Empire
Resident General
Under Japan:
Governor-General
Temporary government
Separated Korea:
Korean War
North, South Korea

The history of Korea This article describes the history of Korea until the middle of the 20th century, when the division into the northern and southern parts occurred. See Articles The History of South Korea and the history of North Korea.

1. Early History

Archaeological finds say that people appeared on the territory of the Korean Peninsula about 70 thousand years ago. In the provinces of Hamgen-Pukto, Pxhen-Namdo, Kongido and Chunchon-Pukto find a variety of stone workers belonging to the Paleolithic. People of those years lived in the caves and built primitive homes.

The oldest Korean pottery object refers to 8000 BC. e. Pottery items 3500-2000 BC (pottery period Chylmoon) are found throughout the peninsula, as well as in Primorsky Krai, Mongolia and Manchuria. The pottery art of Chylmoon exhibits a strong similarity with a pottery culture of Jemon in Japan.

2. Ancient Joson

According to the legend, the first Korean state was founded by the son of Women's Bear and Corvenker Ternangu in 2333 BC. e. Historians call the earliest stage of the Korean history period of the state of the ancient Choson (Ko Choson). The territory of the ancient Coson was located in the area of \u200b\u200bthe North of the Korean Peninsula and the Liaodong Peninsula. Most modern historians agree that date 2333 BC. e. It is strongly tween, since it is not confirmed by any historical documents other than the individual medieval Korean chronicles (Sumguk Yus and the like). The first mentions of the ancient Choson refer to the IV-III centuries BC. e. It is believed that at the dawn of its development, the ancient Choson was a tribal union, consisting of separately managed cities-states, and he became the centralized state near the IV century BC. e. At about the same time, in the south of the peninsula, the Genuine Proportion was formed, as well as the TRAD state of Three Khan (Samhang). In 108 BC e. Ancient Choson was conquered by the Chinese Empire Han.

Early states (108 BC er - III century)

After the fall of the nomadson, three tribal unions were formed on the territory of the peninsula: Mahan, Chinhan and Ponghan (the collective name of Three Khan - Samhana). The north of Samhans developed the state Puyu (Fouiu). Also on the territory of the former Kochoson there were several small states, including the OCC and Tone (Eastern Ye).

4. Three kingdoms

At the beginning of our era of the tribal unions, left after the collapse of the poisoner, three early referred states - Silla, Packche and Kogouro.

5. PARKHE and UNITED SILLA

After the conquest of Cogware and Packs in 676, the state of the United States emerged, which in 935 was replaced by the state of Korea.

At the same time, the state of Parheh developed in the north (Kit. Fohai).

This period in the history of Korea was marked by the bloom of Buddhism.

6. Late three kingdoms

In the period of the late three kingdoms (892-936), there were three states on the Korean Peninsula: Silla, Hupecche, ("Later Packche") and Thabon (or Hokogur, "Later Cogur").

Korea was founded in 918 and by 936 united the peninsula. The word "Korea" became the prototype of modern "Korea". The board of the dynasty lasted to 1392. During this period, a detailed draft law was developed. Buddhism has spread throughout the peninsula.

7.1. Mongols in Korea

In 1231, the Mongol Empire began raid to Korea and after 25 years of struggle King Korius was forced to become a Mongolian Danitor. The next 80 years, Korea spent under Mongolian ig. The first representation of Dani Mongola belongs to 1241; Korean sovereigns were constantly reaching the courtyard of the Mongolian emperors; There were also the heirs of the throne, returned to their homeland only after the death of the Father, for classes (with the permission of the Mongolian emperor) of the throne; In well-known cases, the Korean sovereign, and his surrounding was put on Mongolian suit.

In the middle of the XIV century, the Mongol Empire began to slowly fade into internal squabbles, and King Conmine was able to get rid of Mongolian addiction.

When the yuan dynasty fell in China and the Minsk reigned, then Korea found himself in an ambiguous position: on the one hand, she recognized her vassal relations to the new dynasty (1368), on the other hand, continued for the previous relations and to the Yuanskaya spent from China and even openly accepted the side of the latter , moving his army to the borders of China. This state of affairs was skillfully used the father-in-chief of the Korean Army Dynasty Dynasty, General Lee Son's Song. He lowered the dynasty of Korea and founded a new one (in 1392), known as Joson.

The capital of Zeoson was transferred to Hanson, modern Seoul, and in 1394, confusion was taken as an official religion. In the XV century, Korean Alphabet Hangel was developed.

Coson (the name of Korea during the Board of the Choson dynasty) in the period from 1592 to 1598 suffered from raids of the Japanese (see the article Seven-Year War (Korea)). After invasions from Manchuria in the 1627 and 1636, the dynasty became the Danitor of the Qing Empire.

The internal policy of Coson was fully controlled by the Confucian bureaucracy. Despite attempts to adapt Western achievements, Korea remained a closed country.

8.1. Sunset Choson

In the second half of the XIX century, pro-Western reforms in Korea, according to Japan, tried to initiate an influential official of Pak Kyu Su,, however, they were held extremely slowly and after his death they stopped.

Started in 1893-94. A revolutionary movement, at the head of which the party of Toga-Kuto was going, forced the king to seek help to China. The Chinese government sent their troops to Korea, to which Japan responded with the parcel of his. The Japanese-Chinese War of 1894-95 began. Korea did not officially participate in it, but it was conducted because of Korea and partly in its territory. After the war, Korea was actually under the Protector of Japan. The king managed from now under the strictest control of Japan. In 1895, the Japanese killed the queen min. The scandal was so broad that an indicative process was arranged in Japan, but they were all recognized as innocent.

On February 11, 1896, Wang Kojon fled from the palace and disappeared in the Russian embassy, \u200b\u200bwhere he lived for a whole year; Only in March 1897, he returned to his palace, after which he accepted the title of Emperor, in fact, not possessing almost no authority.

In 1904, the Russian-Japanese war began. Officially, Korea did not participate in it, but the war, first sea, then the land, was first in the limits of Korea; Her harbors were places landing of Japanese troops. When the war finally shouted to the territory of Manchuria, Korea remained occupied by the Japanese troops produced in it props. On January 30, 1904, the Russian envoy of Pavlov was supposed to leave Seoul. Under the agreement 10 (23) of February 1904, signed by the Korean emperor under pressure from Japan, Korea canceled unilaterally Russian-Korean treaties and formally recognized themselves to the ally of Japan. The dependence of the Korean state was preserved after graduation russian-Japanese war and was officially executed by the Japanese Korean Treaty on Protectorate 17 (4) November 1905

9. Annexia Japan

After the Russian-Japanese war 1904-05 The Japanese empire set the protectorate over Korea, and in 1910 annexed it. From 1910 to 1945, Korea was a Japanese colony. The Japanese conducted a policy of suppressing Antiappon movement, economic and cultural modernization of the country, as well as the assimilation of Koreans. The defeat of Japan in World War II put an end to the Japanese domination in Korea (all Japanese were also evicted from Korea). Northern part Korea was occupied by the Soviet Union, and the Southern United States.

10. Split Korea

In 1948, two states were created - the DPRK in the north and the Republic of Korea in the south. Korean War of 1950-53. Passed the country's split. Nevertheless, both Korean states are convinced of the inevitability of association in the future.

In South Korea, for several decades, military dictators were ruled, which conducted the country's modernization policy. In the late 1980s, the country became a democratic state.

In North Korea, the dictatorship of Kim Il Shen, who, after his death, changed his son Kim Jong Il.

List of references:

1. Stark Miriam ARCHAEOLGY OF ASIA. - Blackwell Publishing, 2005. - P. 137. - ISBN 1405102128

2. 6. Korea, to 540 ° C.e. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History (English)

3. Lankov, Andrey (September 2002). "Two sources and two components of Korean nationalism." Russian Journal .