Which countries in Central Asia. Regions of Central Asia

middle Asia From A to Z: population, country, cities and resorts. Map of Central Asia, photo and video. Descriptions and tourist reviews.

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Arusually, precious and generous, Central Asia is the closest region of "exotic" abroad. A list of her countries will say any Russian, because the Central Asian republics are familiar to us in a recent socialist past. Since the USSR, Central Asian states have changed to the best (from a tourist point of view) side: today there is a lot of hotels, good restaurants, thoughtful leisure - and all this is quite inexpensive. As for the interests of tourists' interest, they are still in the region at least debugs: the cities of the Great Flock Way with their mosques, mausoleum, observatory and palaces, magnificent natural landscapes - what is at least shrill blue Issyk-Kul or the snow-covered Pamir peaks, resort Zones with hot sulfur sources, the ruins of the powerful kingdoms of the past and much more. The region has the opportunities for high-quality recreational, most interesting excursion and saturated sports tourism, and even a couple of beach resorts here!

Traveling in Central Asia

So, what is she, close, but unknown Central Asia? To begin with - about the weather. Distinctive feature Central Asian countries - climate dryness (commemorative epopea with the Aral Sea): summer here is truly fireless, and the rains fall quite a bit, so tourism in the hot season is largely endurance test. At the same time, on the mountain peaks of Pamirs and Tien Shan, the snow has been round, which attracts mountaineers and "understanding" the skiers to the region - those who wish to enjoy an excellent snow cover and at the same time will not open on accommodation and skif passes.

Next, it is certainly worth saying a few words about local culture. The way of life of the Central Asian population is based on the hospitality and the guilty to the wanderer - to whom, as not to nomads, know the value of the desired refuge in the midst of harsh nature. So it is often necessary to eat here and remember, and God forbid to abandon the meal - the owners are terribly offended. The advantages of local cuisines are so great that they can be told for hours: the delicious meat, a variety of dairy products, traditional "furnace" bread, welded soups, honey fruits ...

And here you can, not afraid, stop for the night in the most primitive hotels and private homes - the owners in the cake will break away, just a traveler was happy. Pleasant bonus Central Asian trips are the lack of a language barrier: everything, from Mala to Velik, they speak Russian, and indeed the attitude towards Russia in Central Asia is traditionally warm.

Among other things, bureaucratic Volokita is minimized: from all countries of Central Asia, a visa will have to receive only to Turkmenistan (I want to believe, soon this annoying omission will be corrected), the states are associated with sustainable flights, and the flight time does not exceed 4 hours.

As for authentic shopping, we will recommend paying attention to the Central Asian wool (camel, bar and sheep), from which the items of wardrobe, accessories and carpets, traditional silver decorations, wood products with intricate carvings, sweets and, for those who walk on All, Akhalteinsky ramps.

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After the collapse of the USSR former republics Enclosed a voluntary agreement on the Commonwealth of Independent States, the abbreviated CIS, which regulated and simplified some relationship between newly formed, independent countries.

Central Asia is customary called a number of countries in the south of the CIS, which includes such states as:

Among the countries of Central Asia, the exit to the sea has only Turkmenistan, this state from the western part is washed by the Caspian Sea. All other powers are considered intracerene.

Caspian Sea is washes the shores of five states - Russia, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Azerbaijan and Iran

Central Asian countries are rich in natural resources: oil and gas is mined in Turkmenistan, in Uzbekistan large deposits of brown coal, there is natural gasAlso there are gold deposits, Kyrgyzstan is rich in ore and coal, and sulfur is mined in Turkmenistan. Since Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan are located in the mountainous area, then as a result, they have a large energy potential due to the presence of mountain rivers.

Central Square in Bishkek, capital of Kyrgyzstan

Bishkek is a clean and beautiful city with a pleasant architecture and, unlike many other capitals, with pure mountain air. All attractions I. entertainment centers Located in the city center.

Kyrgyzstan is located between the mountain ranges, the ski resorts are located here, and also have thermal sources In the Chui Valley. But Lake Issyk-Kul was a favorite resort place, from Soviet times they came here to relax and to become in healthy sanatoriums from all regions of the country. The lake is very beautiful and clean, while so much that is not visible to the opposite shore.

As for the state economy, it is based on industry and mining. As well as developing tourism annually brings about half a billion dollars to the country. But the situation with the economy complicates the external debt, which the power cannot pay any way. The main economic partners for Kyrgyzstan remain Russia, Kazakhstan and.

Kazakhstan

The territory of Kazakhstan is covered with deserts or semi-deserts, forests here are small, so they are careful and practically do not cut down the remaining forest belts. This is the largest state among those who have no way out to the World Ocean, the Power is held in the area 7th place in the world and 2 among the CIS countries, yielding only Russia.

Kazakhstan has overall boundaries:

• Russia (North and Western borders).
• China (Eastern Border).
• Kyrgyzstan (southern border).
• Uzbekistan (southern border).
• Turkmenistan (southern border).

In Kazakhstan, the official capital - Astana, whose population is 700 thousand inhabitants. This is the largest city in the area and its improvement is striking visitors and attracts more and more tourists annually. In Astana, huge funds were invested, buildings and monuments of architecture were rebuilt, hit by their beauty and scale. The city attracts not only tourists, but also investors. This country has the most stable and impressive economy on post-Soviet space, it is inferior only to Russia.

But Astana is not the only major city in Kazakhstan. Alma-Ata is recognized as the informal capital of the country, but, despite the smaller area, the number of residents is 1.7 million people, which is almost 2.5 times higher than the population population. There is a subway and the infrastructure is not worse than in the main city.

Kazakhstan cooperates with states, Arab states, as well as with China and Eurasia.

The population of the republic has 30 million people, with city inhabitants and inhabitants villages the same ratio. Square of Uzbekistan is 447.4 square meters. kilometer, which is much less than in Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan, however, the population is higher here. Borders the state with the following neighbors:

• Kyrgyzstan (Eastern border).
• Kazakhstan (northeast, north and northwestern borders).
• Turkmenistan (southwestern and south borders).
• Afghanistan (southern border).
• Tajikistan (southeast border).

Tashkent is the capital and heart of the country, despite the fact that the city was completely destroyed as a result of the earthquake in 1966, he was restored. It is beautiful and attractive for tourists with its architectural research, monuments and landscaping. The capital is recognized as the most beautiful city of Central Asia. The number of its population is more than 2 million people, there is a subway and the infrastructure is developed. The lounge place of rest, the citizens became a Charvak reservoir, which is surrounded by snow-covered mountains.

Khst-Imam complex - Tashkent

In 2005, the UN resolution was adopted in relation to the UN country, the reason was overwhelmed by the brutal suppression of unrest in the city of Andijan by the local government, during which hundreds of people died.

Tajikistan

- A developing country whose economy is built on an agrarian industrial basis. The state shows stable-positive indicators of GDP growth, the main points of development strategy is the achievement of energy independence, ensuring the food of the country's population, as well as overcoming transport isolation, the state does not have access to the world Ocean.

The area of \u200b\u200bthe country is small, amounts to 143 thousand square kilometers with a population of 8.5 million people. The Republic has common binds with the following states.

Central Asia is an ancient land that many different legends and legends are folded. There are hidden the most intimate secrets of the East. The most famous talented people filled Central Asia countries with their excellent creations.

What states are part of

Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan - It is these five states that includes a map of Central Asia. Each of them has its own unique history of formation and development. Play a big role in this Silk Pathwhich took place on the lands of these states. There is a huge number of historical monuments that resemble their people about the past. To date, all countries of this region are independent.

Nature and climate of Central Asia

Middle Asia states differ sharply continental and places in the desert climate. This is due to the distant location of the oceans, with the presence of mountain barriers. It is the mountains that the cyclones and monsimes of the Mediterranean are missing. In the northern part of it, winter is usually very harsh. Summer throughout Central Asia roast and arid. Strong winds in this area are a common phenomenon.

For desert plains, abundant precipitation is a rarity. However, this does not interfere with the existence of the Aral Sea, which is powered by the Amudarya and Syrdarya rivers, they carry water from the Pamir himself. But for last years There is a tendency to a significant decrease in its area, the reason for this phenomenon is amelioration.

Landscapes plains in this area are replaced by mountain arrays. Some of the most famous mountain ranges are located here. Tien Shan is located in Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan. Pamir, also refers to the mountains located on the territory of Central Asia. Exists a large number of Other mountain arrays, ridges and glaciers, they border with one of the most arid and hot deserts of these places.

Population, economy and city

If you fold the total population of all Central Asian countries, then about 65 million people will work. Indigenous people relate mainly to Turkic-speaking nations, these are Uzbeks, Karakalpaks, Kazakhs, Kyrgyz, Turkmen. Tajiks belong to the Iranian group. In the times of repression and mass in the Soviet Union, a large number of Russian, German, Korean, Donggan, Ukrainian, Tatar and Meskhetian population moved on the territory of these states. Their part of them is confessing Islam. However, Christianity is also quite common on these lands.

The economies of countries are supported by agriculture and mining. The bowels are rich in black, non-ferrous and noble metals, oil, gas, coal, etc. Long and very hot summer allows you to collect good crops of different cultures, sometimes even several times a year.

Self big cities - Alma-Ata, Shymkent, Fergana, Namangan, Samarkand, Ashgabat, Bishkek and Khujand. These cities are located the most famous monuments of culture and history.

Tajikistan

This country is one of the most oldest. The capital of the state is the city of Dushanbe. It is here that arrays and Tien Shan are located. Thanks to them, the country is a flow of tourists engaged in mountaineering.

This state is the smallest area of \u200b\u200ball part of Central Asia, it is 143.1 thousand km 2. The country's population has more than 7,200,000 people.

Kazakhstan (Central Asia)

In Central Asia applies only to the southern part of the country. The capital is the city of Astana. The state area is 15.6 million km 2. To date, the population of the country exceeded 17,000,000 people.

The climate in the state is dry and sharply continental. Characterized by semi-deserts, steppes and half steppes. Winters in this region are usually cold, and summer arid.

Kyrgyzstan

The capital of the country is the city of Bishkek. The population of the state is over 50,000,000 people. Its total area is 198.5 thousand km 2. This country is considered the mountainous area in Central Asia.

The most famous place in this region is the beautiful Lake Issyk-Kul. It is here that most tourists are sent. There is information that this state is also called the Switzerland of the East.

For these places, hot weather is characterized in summer and rather harsh winters.

Uzbekistan

The capital of the state is the city of Tashkent. The area is 447.9 thousand km 2. The population is more than 29,000,000 people.

The climate of the country can be attributed to a sharp continental. Winter here is very warm and short, summer is early and roast. Uzbekistan is famous for the abundance of agriculture fruit.

Turkmenistan

The capital of the country is the city of the state - 448.1 thousand km 2. The population is more than 5,000,000 people.

The climate can be attributed to arid. This area is characterized by cold winters and very hot summer. Exists a big problem With water resources.

Beautiful Central Asia

Since ancient times, this region has been of great importance in the trade relations of the East and countries of other regions. Played in this the main role.

The variety of cultural monuments of historical places is attracted annually a large number of tourists. Various resorts and recreation areas, which are rich in Central Asia, have become favorite for vacationers from other countries. This also contributes to the hospitality of the people and his glad.

The nature of these places is beautiful and unique, the variety of landscapes only surprises with its beauty. Any guest who visited these places will still long remember their visit to these countries.

Orto Asia, Karakalp. Orta Aziya, Perse. آسیای میانه; Taj. Osijah Miode, Turkkm. ORTA Aziýa, Uzb. O'RTA OSIYO) - the historical and geographical region of Eurasia, in the west of Asia.

Central Asia is a geographical concept that has developed in the pre-revolutionary period for Russian Turkestan, within the limits of which four Soviet Soviet Soviet Soviet Soviet Soviet Socialist Republic, the Kyrgyz SSR, Tajik SSR, Turkmen SSR), which included the Central Asian Economic District were formed in the Soviet period. In the post-Soviet period in the territory of this region there are independent states of Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Turkmenistan.

Nature

The nature of Central Asia is determined primarily by climate dryness. Most of the territory is occupied by deserts and semi-deserts.

From the point of view of climatology in Central Asia, 2 belts can be distinguished:

• The plain: the plains of Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan and the valley of Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan with a warm soft subtropical winter (the snow rarely falls and lies only a few days), rainy in spring and very hot dry summer (from June to September, sediments almost does not fall). Maximum precipitation in April-May. Vegetation: Southern ephemeral deserts, in the sands in places in places of Belosaxaulous forest arrays.
• Mountain: Highlands Tien Shan and Pamirs in Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan.

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In Central Asia, about 12 thousand rivers take place. Over 10 thousand rivers occur in mountainous areas. Only large rivers cross the desert areas. The main rivers in Central Asia - Amudarya and Syrdarya, flowing into the Aral Sea. Rivers are distributed across the territory of Central Asia unevenly. On the plains, occupying almost 70% of its territory, few water bodies and rivers. In the mountains and foothills, the density of the river network is quite large. Such an uneven distribution of fluids is due to the characteristics of the climate and the structure of the relief. The origins of many large and small rivers of Central Asia are high in the mountains, they are the main source of rivers, lakes, reservoirs and channels. Thus, the mountains are the place of accumulation of water resources, the plains - the place where the water is spent, evaporates. This is one of the most important hydrological features of Central Asia.

In Central Asia, the lakes are relatively small. Among them are the biggest - Aral Lake (sea), Issyk-Kul, Balkhash, Karakul. By the formation of Kotlovin, they are tectonic lakes. Large and small lakes are located in the valleys, delta and floodplains of rivers. There are lakes formed by dropping waters, such as Arnasai, Aydarkul.

Video on the topic

Climate

In the southwest, the climate is hot dry average temperature of Karakum 36.8 ° C The average maximum 40 - 44 ° C is the highest +53.2 ° C, the average temperature of Kizylkum +37 ° C The average maximum temperature 40 - 43 ° C is the most heat 54 ° C Navoi

Population

The total population of Central Asia countries is about 52.5 million people (2017). Of these, 32.3 million people live in Uzbekistan, 8.7 million in Tajikistan, 6 million in Kyrgyzstan, about 5.5 million in Turkmenistan. For comparison in South Asia, 1.78 billion people live, in East Asia - 1.64 billion people, 0.64 billion people live in Southeast Asia, 0.31 billion people live in anterior Asia.

The main part of the population of Central Asia is representatives of the Turkic-speaking peoples who speak Turkic languages. This is: Uzbeks, Kyrgyz, Turkmen, Caracalpaks, Kazakhs. Tajiks, as well as the Pamir peoples are representatives of Iranian peoples, Tajiks speak Tajik language (this language is very close to the Persian language, and is sometimes considered to be a Persian dialect). There are also immigrated and deported peoples in the pre-revolutionary and Soviet periods. The most numerous ones are currently: Russians, Uigurs, Dungan, Ukrainians, Tatars, Koreans, Turks, Germans, Armenians, Azerbaijanis and other nationalities.

Indenerable residents of Central Asia are Uzbeks, Tajiks, Kyrgyz, Turkmen, Karakalpaks, Kazakhs, Central Asian Arabs, Central Asian Persians, Pamir people, Bukhara Jews. The main part of Uzbeks, Tajiks and Bukhara Jews was a settling lifestyle, built cities, developed science and culture, mastered the irrigated agriculture, formed oasis. The main part of Kyrgyz, Karakalpakov, Turkmen and the Kazakhs were associated with cattle breeding, and therefore, unlike Tajiks and Uzbeks, led a nomadic or half-blood lifestyle. Currently, all the peoples of Central Asia are settled.

The main part of the religious composition of Central Asia is Islam. The Islam of the Hanafi Mazhab of the Sunni destination is mainly distributed. The followers of this mazhab are Uzbeks, Turkmen, Kyrgyz, Karakalpaks, Kazakhs and the main part of Tajiks. Shield mazhabs are less common. Shiites of Isnasarites are mostly Central Asian Iranians, part of Tajiks and local Azerbaijanis, Shiites of Ismailites - representatives of the Pamir peoples. The second largest religion is Christianity. Of the directions of Christianity, Orthodoxy, which is the main religion for Russian, Ukrainians and Belarusians, Georgians, Ossetians, Greek, is mainly distributed. Catholics, Protestants and various Christian trends and small churches are extended to a lesser extent. There is a small number of followers of Buddhism, Hinduism, Zoroastrianism and Baháhism. Judaism is distributed among Bukhara Jews and actually Jews. Zoroastrianism is mainly distributed among the Pamir peoples and a minor part of Tajiks.

In the House of Mongolian period, 1/10 of the population of the Earth lived on the territory of Central Asia, now slightly less than 1% of the world's population. because of geographic location Central Asia, located mostly in the deserted and semi-desert zones (highlands occupies the southeastern part of Central Asia), the population has long adapted to live in the valleys, closer to the sources of water - on the coasts of the rivers, in oases. Nomadic and semi-oral peoples also lived in the steppes.

Story

In antiquity in Central Asia, there were rather large states. In the VII-V centuries. BC e. In the valley of Zarafshan, the state of Sogdian existed, on average Amudarya - Bactria, in the lower course - Khorezm, in Murgab Valley - Margiana. Northern part Central Asia was part of Scythia, and the southern part was in the influence of Iran.

The first information about Central Asia is found in the works of Herodota, Strabo, Arrian, Ptolemy and others.

Map of 1793.

1885 card

In the era of the Middle Ages in Central Asia, the Turkic tribes settled and spread Islam. After the collapse of the Arab caliphate, the control over the region passed to the Samanids. In the XI century, the powerful state of Khorezmshakhov was formed. In the XIII century, Central Asia became part of the Mongolian Empire (Chagatai Ulus).

As the American historian specifies Stephen Starr in the territory of modern Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, as well as partly Afghanistan, Pakistan and China, called now Central AsiaIn the Middle Ages, that is, for many centuries to the European Epoch of Enlightenment, there was one of the foci of enlightenment. In the XIV century in Central Asia, the powerful state of thimurids with the capital in Samarkand, however, in the XVI century, the Bukhara Khanate came to replace.

In the XIX century, Central Asia entered the Russian Empire (as the Turkestan region, the Caspian region and partly the Semirechen region), while the Kokand Khanate existed before that was abolished and directly included in Russia, and the Bukhara emirate and the Khiva Khanate became its vassals.

In 1929, Tajikistan was allocated from the Uzbek SSR and the Tajik SSR was formed, Karakalpakia in 1932 was transformed into the Karakalpak ASSR, which in 1936 was transferred from the Russian SFSR to the Uzbek SSR, the territory of Kyrgyzstan in 1926 was transformed into the Kyrgyz ASSR which was highlighted in 1936 from the Russian SFSR and transformed into