Where is the catheter inserted into the bladder? Catheterization in women: about the need for the procedure and the technique for its implementation

The date: 19.10.2019

In the article, we will consider how to put a urinary catheter in a woman.

People very often have to get acquainted with a wide arsenal of various medical instruments. And one of them is a urinary catheter for women and men. What is it and why is it generally used?

Main purpose

Why is a urinary catheter required for women and men? In urology, catheters are used to perform certain activities. various shapes and size. For each patient, the device is selected individually. At the outlet, such a probe, as a rule, is connected to a drainage bag, that is, directly to a collector designed to collect urine.

The bag is fixed on the patient's leg so that he can move freely and the collector can be used throughout the day. Containers are used at night bigger size hanging from the bed.

The indications for the procedure are:

The need to obtain bladder urine for analysis.
Availability inflammatory diseases bladder in women.
The appearance of acute or chronic urinary retention.

Description

The catheter is a tube designed to create a kind of passage between internal cavities body and external environment. An instrument is used to inject therapeutic solutions, and, in addition, to wash the organ, perform surgical procedures.

Catheter urinary women and men are required to achieve forced organ emptying. For example, catheterization may be required immediately after childbirth, when a woman in labor is unable to urinate on her own for the first time. Sometimes the procedure is performed against the background of damage to the bladder. For example, due to injury, the lumen often closes, and urine from the human body naturally not output. In a number of situations, the use of female urological catheters is required in the process of conducting an examination to make a diagnosis. It is often necessary:

Determination of the amount of urine present in the bladder.
Obtaining a sterile portion of urine for analysis.
Performing radiography of the urethra and bladder by introducing a contrast component into the organs.

Types of catheters

There are many types of urinary catheters available today. The type of medical instrument chosen directly depends on the specific case, for example:

A device called the "Foley catheter" is applicable for long-term catheterization (when patients are in a coma). It is also suitable for short-term manipulation. It is used for the purpose of washing, eliminating blood clots, diverting urine, and so on.
"Nelaton's catheter" is designed for periodic catheterization in situations where the patient cannot independently carry out the process of urination. Until the invention of the Foley catheter, this device was intended for permanent use.
A device called the "Pezzera catheter" is well suited for maintaining continuous catheterization and drainage of urine through a cystostomy. This tool, unfortunately, has quite a few shortcomings, in connection with this, they work with it only in the absence of other possibilities.

Which ones are used more often?

Urinary catheters are currently predominantly flexible. Metal models are rarely used. The fact is that they are less comfortable for the patient and not very convenient to use. catheters in without fail are fixed after the introduction, the doctor chooses the technique for this and is guided by the characteristics of a particular situation.

The difference between female and male models

The difference between the female and male urological catheter is determined by the anatomical feature of the body. Although the purpose of the devices can be said to be the same, they still differ in structure:

Male models are intended for insertion into narrow and curved urethra, because the tube is made thin and long.
The urinary catheter for women is made with the expectation of a short, wide and straight urethra, so that such an instrument is endowed with the appropriate characteristics, that is, a relatively large diameter, small length and the complete absence of any bends.

Today, urological catheters are available in most medical stores. Usually, in the description for each such product, it is indicated for which gender of the patient this or that instrument is designed. The approximate cost of the product is from nine to two and a half thousand rubles. The price largely depends on the type of catheter, and at the same time on the place of purchase and the material of manufacture.

How is a urinary catheter placed in a woman?

Installation Features

By itself, this procedure is not difficult at all, since female body is very convenient for tube insertion. For example, in a man, in order to be able to get to the bladder, it will be necessary to overcome the genital organ. But in women, the urethra is located directly behind the labia.

Let's take a closer look at how a catheter is placed in bladder woman.

Before the catheterization procedure, the patient should take a shower, wash thoroughly and come to the room for manipulation. In the event that the procedure is carried out to collect urine, then at first the doctor or nurse may try to do without inserting an instrument into the urethra. For this:

The patient needs to lie down on the couch, on which a diaper or oilcloth is preliminarily spread.
Further bent legs it is necessary to separate them in such a way that a vessel can be placed between them in order to accumulate urine.
A warm heating pad is placed on the lower abdomen of the patients. It helps stimulate reflex urination. For similar purposes, the genitals can be watered with slightly heated water.

Stages of catheterization

How to insert a urinary catheter in a woman, what are the steps of the procedure? In cases where urination could not be provoked, doctors proceed to the catheterization procedure. It includes the following main steps:

Carrying out disinfection urethra.
Careful insertion of the catheter into the urethra at a distance of five to seven centimeters. In this case, the doctor will need to keep the patient's labia divorced.
Collection of urine that flows through the tube into a container prepared for this.
Then, if necessary, the following procedure is performed (that is, the bladder is washed, drugs are administered, etc.).

How to put a catheter in the bladder of a woman, every specialist with the appropriate qualifications knows.

What are the inconveniences?

Despite the fact that catheterization is much less unpleasant for women than for men, nevertheless, manipulation of this kind is quite stressful. Many patients do not experience much pain or any other physical discomfort, but they absolutely always have to experience obvious psychological discomfort. good doctor manages to create a trusting, and at the same time calm atmosphere in which women feel relaxed. It is very important that the patient is not afraid and not shy, then the procedure will be very easy, painless and fast enough.

In simple situations, catheterization can be performed by a nurse, for example, when a diagnosis needs to be confirmed. In the event that the manipulation is performed for medicinal purposes, then it should work exclusively qualified doctor. Catheterization is important to be done very carefully, as a sharp or too fast movement can damage the urethra, provoking an inflammatory process (like cystitis or urethritis).

The female urinary catheter is one of the achievements of medicine, whose importance is very great, and it is difficult to overestimate it. Thanks to this simple device, diseases of the urinary system simply cease to be difficult for people: they are easier to recognize and treat. It would be superfluous to remind about patients suffering from severe brain or back injuries, when the use of a catheter is one of the main conditions for providing full-fledged patient care. How to insert a catheter into the bladder of a woman is now clear.

What pathologies require catheterization?

So, catheterization of such an organ as the bladder in women is a procedure necessary in some cases with the development of pathologies of this organ. The procedure itself involves the introduction of a catheter in the form of a flexible latex tube, which can also be made of silicone or Teflon. Such a tube is able to pass through the urethra directly to the bladder.

Often, the need for the described event in women arises in the postoperative periods against the background of gynecological or diseases. Catheterization is performed to control the amount of urine produced. In addition, it can promote healing postoperative wounds.

In some situations, the procedure is required by patients for washing in case of bleeding, administration of medications, detection of general obstruction, urine output against the background neurological pathologies(paralysis), incontinence or delay in a number of certain diseases.

For cancer

Bladder cancer, which is often diagnosed in women, often requires the insertion of a catheter. Typically, such a disease can develop against the background of papillomas. In this case, as a rule, in the urine of patients there is an excessive amount of blood, which is very easily detected in them even with the ordinary naked eye.

Often, cancer is diagnosed in smokers and those who work with aniline dyes. Often, such a pathology is formed against the background chronic inflammation this organ, after exposures and in those who often do not urinate on demand. Various sweeteners and a number of medicines also have an effect.

We looked at how to put a urinary catheter in a woman. This procedure is very useful, necessary for carrying out in the presence of pathologies of the bladder.

Catheterization is the procedure of inserting a catheter (for men and women) into the bladder through the urethral canal. Catheterization is used quite often and is used for the purpose of diagnosis and therapy.

Rules for installing a catheter

The catheter can be placed for a short period of time, for example, a short-term placement of the catheter is necessary when surgical intervention, and for a long time, if the patient has difficulty urinating. The latter can be caused by certain diseases.

The male can be affected by various pathological processes resulting from infection, trauma, and neoplastic syndrome. Violation of urination can provoke the development of such unpleasant consequences as kidney failure and infertility. In this article, we will consider in detail the algorithm for bladder catheterization in men.

Indications for the procedure

The catheter may be inserted for diagnostic purposes:

To obtain samples of urine in the cavity of the bladder. Samples are further used in carrying out laboratory research, for example, to determine the microflora of the bladder.
In order to determine the volume of urine that is excreted, to observe its organoleptic characteristics.
To determine the level of patency urinary tract.

During treatment

In addition, catheterization can be performed in the treatment of:

When restoring the urethra after surgery.
In the presence of decompression of the bladder.
In the presence of an acute urinary retention, which may occur against the background of urethritis, a pathological change that affects the prostate gland.
In order to treat the walls of the bladder with medicinal solutions.
With chronic obstruction, which can be caused by hydronephrosis.
For the purpose of excreting urine, if the patient is not able to perform the act of urination. For example, if the patient is in a coma.

The algorithm for catheterization of the bladder in men is quite complicated, but patients should not cause fear for their health, since experienced specialists are trusted to carry out this procedure.

Contraindications for catheterization

Despite the fact that there are many indications, catheterization can not always be performed. There are some contraindications:

The presence of blood in the scrotum.
The presence of bruising in the perineum.
presence in the blood.
Injured condition of the bladder.
Injured condition of the urethra.
Prostatitis in acute form.
Anuria.
Some diseases genitourinary system such as gonorrhea.
Spasm of the urethral sphincter.
Acute inflammatory processes flowing in the bladder or urethra.
Fracture of the penis.

Features of catheterization in men

By virtue of anatomical features urethra in men, only experienced specialists should perform the catheterization procedure. Difficulties in conducting catheterization arise due to the fact that the male urethra has a relatively large length, about 25 centimeters. In addition, there are two physiological constrictions in the urethra that prevent the free insertion of the catheter. Also, it is very narrow.

The greatest care must be taken if the procedure is performed using a metal catheter. If excessive force is applied during the manipulation, then the walls of the urinary system can be damaged, as a result of which the occurrence of false passages is not excluded.

The algorithm for catheterization of the bladder in men must be strictly observed.

Instruments used in catheterization

For the catheterization procedure, you will need the following tools:

Algorithm for bladder catheterization in men

If the procedure is performed using a soft catheter, then the specialist should perform the following steps:

The health worker must first prepare their hands, wash them thoroughly, and treat with a disinfectant solution.
The patient is laid on his back, his legs are slightly pushed apart, while the knees should be bent. A tray is required between the legs, and a diaper is placed under the pelvic area.
The medical worker should put on sterile gloves, clasp the penis below the head with a sterile napkin. This will open the external opening of the urethra.
Next, you need to treat the head with a cotton swab, previously moistened with furacilin. Processing should be carried out in the direction from the urethra to the edge of the head.
By squeezing the glans penis, it is necessary to open the external urethral opening. After the hole has opened, a few drops of sterile glycerin are poured into it.

With the help of tweezers, the catheter is captured, and its rounded hole is moistened with vaseline oil or glycerin. The catheter is then inserted into the open urethral opening. With the help of sterile forceps, the first five centimeters of the catheter are inserted, while holding the head.

Immersion of the catheter

It is necessary to immerse the catheter into the urethra slowly, intercepting it with tweezers. In this case, the penis must be pushed onto the catheter with the free hand. This technique will allow you to move the catheter through the urethra with greater ease. In the area at the junction of the membranous part and the spongy part, slight resistance may occur. If it occurs, then it is necessary to pause for two to three minutes to wait for the muscle spasm to disappear, and then continue inserting the catheter.

Physiological narrowing is also present at the entrance of the urethra to the bladder. In this area, the occurrence of re-introduction of the catheter is not excluded.

After the first portion of urine appears, the opposite tip of the catheter must be lowered into the urinal.

Before the end of urination, the bladder must be washed. After that, observing safety measures, the catheter is carefully removed.

After the end of urine output, a Janet syringe filled with a furatsilin solution is attached to the catheter, which is poured into the bladder cavity very slowly. The volume of the injected solution should be about 150 milliliters. After that, the catheter is directed into the tray to remove the liquid. The washing procedure should be carried out until the contents of the bladder become clear.

After flushing is completed, the catheter is removed from the urethra by performing gentle rotational movements. After that, the external opening of the urethra is re-treated with a cotton ball, pre-moistened in a solution of furacilin. At the end of the catheterization procedure, all instruments should be placed in a disinfectant solution.

If the use of a soft catheter does not allow the procedure, then the use of a metal catheter will be required. A similar procedure for introducing a urinary catheter should be carried out exclusively by a qualified doctor, because the technique is very complex, requiring special care and attention.

The patient is placed on his back, the opening of the urethra is treated. I turn the catheter down with the “beak” and advance it along the urethra until it reaches the bladder. To overcome the sphincter area, the penis should be directed along the midline. The catheter is inserted further, slowly moving the urethra in the direction of the instrument.

If the procedure is performed correctly, then there is a discharge into the urine container, while the patient does not experience pain. Due to the fact that catheterization with a metal catheter is quite painful and traumatic, it is rarely performed.

Complications during catheterization

AT individual cases some complications may occur, for example:

Infection of the urinary system. As a result, pyelonephritis, cystitis, urethritis can develop.
Damage to the urethra, sometimes significant, up to perforation.

Complications may arise due to errors made during the introduction of a catheter, especially a metal one, or due to insufficient preliminary examination of the patient. Most often, complications arise as a result of a violation of asepsis.

This procedure is necessary for washing the bladder, drug administration. This process has certain features. The patient is first of all prepared for the procedure, examined, examined for contraindications.

Bladder catheterization is effective procedure in the treatment of many pathologies. We will consider the algorithm for its implementation later in the article.

When is it necessary?

The procedure is applied in the following cases:

Clots of pus and blood in.
The impossibility of emptying the organ due to an unstable nervous state.
Adenoma.
Adenocarcinoma.
The introduction of drugs after surgery on the organ.
Taking urine for research.
Counting the quantity and quality of urine excreted.
Pinched excretory organ.
Prostatitis.

Contraindications

Despite the effectiveness and usefulness of the method, there is a number of contraindications:

Inflammation of the prostate.
Inflammation of the testicles and their appendages.
Prostate abscess.
Traumatic injuries of the urethra.
Tumors of the genitourinary system.
Orchitis.
Epididymitis.
Marked constriction of the urethra.

In addition, after the procedure the following complications may occur:

Infectious inflammatory processes.
Physical damage to the urethra by a catheter.
Perforation of the urethra.
Bleeding.

If bladder flushing through a catheter is performed in a hospital by a qualified and experienced specialist, there are no complications. They can happen if a person, in the absence of the necessary knowledge and skills, tries to carry out the procedure.

Preparing for installation

Preparation for the procedure includes next steps:

A few days before the procedure, the patient is examined by a doctor to make sure that there are no contraindications.
1-2 days before the procedure, it is better to refuse spicy, fatty foods, alcoholic and sweet carbonated drinks.
Wash your face a few minutes before the procedure.
Then the patient goes to the treatment room, where he is even more carefully prepared by a specialist.
The doctor treats the genitals with an antiseptic, tells the patient about the upcoming actions.

After that, the patient is ready for the procedure, for the introduction of the catheter.

What is included in the catheterization kit?

The set for the procedure includes:

Sterile catheter. It can be either metal or silicone (Foley catheter).
Antiseptic solution for the treatment of the genitals.
Tweezers.
Sterile vaseline oil.
capacity for .
Sterile wipes.
Oilcloth.
Sterile gloves.

How to install a catheter?

The process varies slightly depending on by sex and age of the person.

Among women

The algorithm consists of the following steps:

The patient lies on the couch, takes the desired position.
The nurse prepares tools, puts a container for urine, treats the genitals with an antiseptic.
Next, a sterile napkin is placed on the pubis, the nurse pushes the labia apart.
The opening of the urethra is exposed.
Then the sterile catheter is lubricated with petroleum jelly, inserted very carefully into the urethra, the other end of the catheter is sent to the urine container.
Urine usually comes out of the catheter immediately after. This speaks of correct introduction and position of the catheter.
The catheter is then carefully removed. Urine, if necessary, is taken for examination.

If you need to enter the medicine, the catheter is not in a hurry to remove, the drug is administered with its help. In this case, the catheter is removed after drug administration.

The external genitalia are again treated with an antiseptic. A napkin removes the remaining moisture on them.
The patient can lie down for 5-10 minutes, then get up and dress. The procedure is considered completed.

Bladder catheterization soft catheter women in the video:

Click to view (impressionable do not watch)

In men

Algorithm of actions during the procedure:

The man lies on the couch, the genitals are treated with an antiseptic.
The doctor prepares tools, puts a container for urine.
The glans penis is then very carefully opened to expose the urethra.
The urethra is once again treated with an antiseptic, and the catheter is lubricated with petroleum jelly.
Next, the catheter is very carefully inserted into the urethra.
The catheter enters the urethra.
Gradually, urine is excreted through the catheter.
If necessary, drugs are administered.
Then the catheter is very carefully removed from the urethra, from the penis.
The head of the penis is once again treated with an antiseptic, excess fluid on the genitals is removed with a napkin.
A man can lie down for 5-10 minutes, then he can get up and get dressed. Procedure completed.

More like inserting a catheter into a man see in the video:

In children

The child may also need to flush the bladder through a catheter. The procedure is as follows:

The child goes into the office, lies down on the couch, the genitals are treated with an antiseptic.
The doctor selects the necessary instruments, the smallest catheter.
The catheter is treated with petroleum jelly, it is inserted into the urethra by only 2 cm. For adults, it is inserted by 4-5 cm. For children, it is enough to insert the catheter to a shallow depth.
Urine is usually expelled immediately. For a long time, children cannot keep the instrument in the urethra.
As soon as the urine is excreted, if necessary, the medicine is immediately injected, and then the instrument is very carefully removed.
The genitals are again treated with an antiseptic.
The child may need more recovery time: 15-20 minutes. He is allowed to lie down. Then the child can dress. Procedure completed.

In the first week after the procedure, the child is not recommended increased physical activity.

Suprapubic bladder catheterization

This procedure is much more difficult and serious. The catheter is inserted into the suprapubic part and remains there on an ongoing basis.

How long you can keep the catheter in the bladder, only the doctor decides.

A catheter is inserted during a small operation in a clinic setting. The catheter is fixed, leaving only a small hole in the abdomen for the catheter to exit. It's practically invisible. Urine will be regularly expelled through it.

The hole is regularly treated with an antiseptic, covered with gauze. When recovering, specialists very carefully take out the catheter in the clinic.

Suprapubic catheterization of the bladder is used only as a last resort, if the patient himself cannot empty himself.

Usually assigned this procedure after injuries of the bladder, operations. The catheter helps in the recovery process.

How is an ultrasound of the bladder read in our article.

How to restore the bladder after a catheter?

After the procedure comes recovery period. The procedure itself can cause discomfort and even pain.

The recovery process includes patient rest in the first two weeks. It is shown to lie down a lot, because. physical overwork can lead to complications. It is also impossible to lift weights for the first month.

The patient needs to try to empty the bladder himself, even if at first it will not be easy. The liquid may come out in a small amount at first. We must try to relax him as much as possible, not to be nervous and not to worry.

Gradually, the functions of the bladder and urinary tract are normalized. Usually, patients recover in the first days, any pain and discomfort disappear on the 3-4th day, urine is excreted correctly, and the amount is within.

In severe cases, the patient may need diapers. Liquid can come out very unexpectedly. This is completely normal during the recovery period.

Gradually, the functions of the bladder are normalized, the person learns to control the process of urination.

The first week you need at least 2-3 times a day treat the urethra with antiseptics so that the inflammatory process does not occur.

Bladder catheterization is a serious procedure that helps in the treatment of the bladder, the study of its condition. Properly performed procedure will help the patient to recover.

How and how to flush the catheter in the bladder, if it is clogged, find out from the video:

A urinary catheter is a special device used in urology to control the amount of urine produced and to check its composition.

Collapse

Problems with urine excretion occur mainly in people who suffer from such urological diseases like prostate adenoma, renal abnormalities, and cancer and urinary problems. In the process of treating all these diseases, a catheter is necessarily used, thanks to which the bladder is drained, and the process of urination is facilitated.

Appearance of the catheter

The urinary catheter is a curved or straight tube. At the ends of which there are holes. The catheter guide is made mainly from latex, rubber, plastic and metal. Depending on the material used in the manufacture of the catheter, they are soft and hard. Soft catheters, respectively, are made of silicone or latex and have a soft oblique cut on both sides, while rigid ones are made of metal or plastic with handles, beaks and rods located at the end.

All catheters are classified from the time spent in the patient's body, the material from which they are made, from the number of channels and organs into which it is introduced. As for the length of the tube, it completely depends solely on the physiological characteristics of the patient. As a rule, catheters intended for males are shorter than those used for catheterization of women.

Urinary catheters, depending on what material they are made of, are as follows:

elastic - made of rubber;
soft - made from silicone, as well as latex;
rigid - made of metal or plastic.

Rigid metal catheter

But depending on the time of stay, they are permanent or disposable. They differ in that one-time is introduced for a short period of time and is fully responsible for it. nurse, but the permanent one requires certain skills and possession of information from the patient himself and is introduced for a sufficiently long period. In addition to the catheters already listed, there are also suprapubic ones. They are installed via abdominal wall directly into the bladder. This type is mainly used for diseases such as complete or partial urinary incontinence, as well as after surgery. The main purpose of this catheter is to empty and eliminate the risk of infection. These catheters should be replaced at least every four weeks.

The main indications for such a procedure as catheterization of the bladder are the following situations:

urinary retention, which manifests itself in patients with tumor blockages of the urethra, with violations of the innervation of the bladder;
diagnostic studies;
postoperative period.

Despite all the positive aspects that occur after the introduction of a urinary catheter, situations are sometimes observed when such a procedure is contraindicated. In general, catheterization is not allowed if the patient is diagnosed with infectious urethritis, anuria, or spasmodic sphincter narrowing.

Catheterization is indicated for acute urinary retention

Note! In the event that you suffer from any diseases of the genitourinary system, if you need to install a urinary catheter, be sure to inform your doctor about your problems, who will be able to rule out contraindications for this procedure at a professional level.

Most patients not only feel excitement before this procedure, but also fear. This happens mainly because not everyone has an idea of how to put a catheter directly into the bladder.

In order for the installation of the urinary catheter to be correctly performed, in addition to the catheter itself, you also need to purchase a standard kit for its introduction. It includes:

sterile gauze wipes;
cotton balls;
diapers;
glycerin or 2% lidocaine gel;
a syringe with a blunt tip;
sterile tweezers;
container for collecting urine;
furatsilin or Povidone-iodine.

Before placing a catheter in the bladder, the patient needs to undergo some procedures, which include:

washing with a light antiseptic solution;
treatment of the opening of the urethra with a solution of furacilin;
if the catheter is inserted into a man, a lubricant is injected into the urethra.

An example of inserting a catheter into a man

After performing these procedures, the process of introducing a catheter into the bladder area begins. In men this process is more subtle and sensitive. Due to the fact that the male urethra is a narrow muscular tube through which not only urine, but also sperm is excreted, the procedure may be contraindicated in case of canal damage. In this case, the introduction of the catheter may lead to rupture of the drainage tube.

The bladder catheter in the male population is installed as follows:

first, the foreskin is moved with a sterile napkin and the head is exposed;
after that, the catheter is inserted with a rounded end into the canal to a depth of about six centimeters;
then he slowly advances another five centimeters or so.

When urine appears from the free end of the catheter, it can be said that the installation process is completed.

Placement of a catheter in women is almost painless

As for the installation of a female catheter, here the whole process is a little easier and does not cause pain. This is because the urethra in women is wider and shorter, and its opening is also clearly visible.

To install the catheter, the nurse treats the woman's labia with an antiseptic, lubricates the inner end of the catheter with petroleum jelly and inserts it into the opening of the urethral canal. To do this, it is enough to push the patient's labia apart and insert the tube to a depth of about six centimeters. This is quite enough for urine to begin to flow.

Important! If the patient is diagnosed with areas of physiological narrowing, then with resistance to the movement of the catheter, it is necessary to inhale deeply about five times. These manipulations will lead to relaxation of smooth muscles.

The most difficult thing is the installation of a catheter for a child

The most difficult, of course, is the process of installing a catheter in children. After all, all actions in this case should be carried out with extreme caution. In addition, children can create difficult conditions for its introduction. In most cases, they do not just cry, but also break out.

For this procedure, only soft catheters are selected, which, when inserted correctly and carefully, are not capable of damaging the sensitive tissues of the urethra. Also, special attention should be paid to the size of the catheter for the child. It is selected depending on the age of the child, to which, in turn, eight must be added.

When installing a catheter, all actions are performed by gender in the same way as for adults. Be sure to monitor compliance with all hygiene standards, sterility of tools and hands. Since at a young age the child's immunity is not yet developed properly, the risk of infection is very high, so the whole process must be carried out with extreme caution.

The installation of a urinary catheter is carried out only by medical personnel if indicated. The installation of a rubber catheter can be carried out by junior medical personnel, but only a doctor introduces a metal catheter, since this procedure is considered quite complicated and if such a catheter is inserted incorrectly, the risk of developing all kinds of complications is very high. For the procedure, a quiet place is chosen and its complete sterility is created, and a trusting relationship is established between the specialist and the patient. These measures are the key to less painless and faster catheter insertion.

The main purpose of installing a catheter in the bladder is its cleansing and rinsing. Thanks to this procedure, elements of tumor formations and small stones are also removed from the organ. The washing process consists in injecting an antiseptic solution. This procedure is carried out only after the collected urine is removed from the bladder.

The procedure for entering and withdrawing the washing liquid is repeated until it becomes clear and clean. Depending on the situation and the severity of the course of the disease, according to indications, the patient may be additionally prescribed antibacterial or anti-inflammatory drugs.

The bladder needs to be cleaned before the procedure.

After these procedures, the patient needs to be in a horizontal position for some time.

Possible Complications

In the event that the bladder catheterization technique is violated or hygiene standards are not observed, this can cause unpleasant consequences, such as:

the occurrence of various infections, cystitis, carbuncle, urethritis and others;
inflammation or swelling foreskin, which can go into paraphimosis;
the occurrence of fistulas;
bleeding;
injury to the walls of the urethra or rupture of the urethra;
non-infectious complications.

Non-infectious complications include the possibility of the catheter being pulled out or clogged with blood clots.

Conclusion

Since the bladder catheterization algorithm in this period of time has been worked out for highest level, and there are many varieties of catheters, a similar procedure is quite actively used in the treatment various diseases and does not lead to complications. Thanks to this, it is possible not only to facilitate the process of treatment and diagnosis, but also to improve the quality of life of the patient.

Excluding the area of professional interest, people with serious problems with health in the urogenital area.

The urethral catheter is a system of tubes placed in the body and at one end going out, its purpose is to drain and excrete urine (empty the bladder) if the body for some reason cannot cope with this physiological need on its own.

The medical term "catheterization" refers to the insertion of a catheter into a hollow organ, respectively, a urethral catheter is inserted through the urethra into the bladder.

To date, the market has a large assortment of these medical instruments, both imported and domestically produced, of various sizes.

Urethral catheters, designed to remove urine, are distinguished by the composition of the material:

rigid (metal; they look like a curved tube, its inner end has a smooth rounding, it is also equipped with a handle, a rod and a beak);
semi-rigid (also called elastic catheters);
soft (they are made of polymers (Teflon, silicone, latex, etc. materials), less often - of rubber, the length of this type of catheters is 25-30 cm).

Urethral catheters differ in terms of use:

short-term (periodic);
long-term (permanent).

They also differ in type:

Nelaton (Robinson) - a straight tube with a blind end, used for short-term catheterization.
Timman - a straight tube with a blind end in the form of a curved beak.
Foley - a straight tube equipped with a 5-70 ml canister.
A pizzera is a curved rubber tube with an extension and two holes at the end.

The length of the urinary catheter intended for women is from 12 cm. The length of the instrument intended for men is 30 cm.

The difference in the length of the catheters is due to the physiological characteristics of the female and male urinary tract.

Indications

Catheters are placed with diagnostic and / or therapeutic purpose. The goal is to detect the presence of urine in the bladder if this cannot be done by other means or if a sterile urine sample is required. A urethral catheter is also inserted if a study with the introduction of a contrast agent is to be performed.

Therapeutic catheterization is used for diseases such as prostate adenoma, oncology (prostate cancer). Because with these diseases, urinary retention (acute or chronic) is observed.

Foley catheter

Also, the instrument is placed in the postoperative period, when an operation was performed on the urinary organs. If urinary tract diseases are being treated, then this may also be the reason for installing this type of catheter.

AT modern urology therapeutic catheterization is used when urine is not excreted naturally from the body.

How is a urethral catheter inserted?

The procedure for installing a catheter is accompanied by discomfort and pain.

The pain threshold is individual for each, so patients give a different assessment of this manipulation.

In the postoperative period, after surgery on the organs of the urinary tract, the pain sensation is stronger.

It is important to understand that bladder catheterization is one of the stages of treatment, a step towards recovery or maintaining quality of life.

The installation of a urinary catheter for men is considered a more complex manipulation than a similar procedure for women, since the length of the male urethra is 20-25 cm and there are constrictions in it (such is the male physiological feature). For the procedure, a male urethral catheter is used.

Sterility is one of the most important conditions for the installation of a urinary catheter, otherwise the risk of sepsis is high. The instrument is pre-treated with an antiseptic and sterile lubricant, which facilitates its insertion. Painkillers are also used - for example, lidochlor gel and others.

Be sure to process and disinfect the genitals and directly the place in which the hollow tube will be installed.

Insertion of a catheter for men

The patient lies on his back with his knees slightly bent, preferably in a relaxed state, this will facilitate the insertion of the hollow tube.

The doctor performs the manipulation by slowly and smoothly inserting the catheter into the urethra.

An indicator of the correct installation is the appearance of urine in the catheter, which means that the outflow of fluid will occur.

If the tube is difficult to advance, it is possible that the doctor will select a smaller diameter catheter. But in the vast majority of cases, replacement is not required, since its size corresponds to the urethra. Do not be afraid of the appearance of a small amount of blood, this happens quite often with this medical manipulation.

The final stage of installation - the catheter is washed with sterile water; if it is correctly installed in the bladder, then it quickly returns.

Upon completion of the manipulation, the urinal is attached to the patient's thigh or by the bed (the second option is more often used for urine drainage in bedridden patients).

When conducting surgical interventions, as well as, if necessary, the introduction medicines a catheterization procedure is applied directly into the bladder. it is carried out easily and painlessly, since the urethra in women is short. Read more about the procedure on our website.

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Urethral catheterization for women

The patient lies on her back, her legs are bent at the knees and spread apart.

The genital organs and the external opening of the urethra are treated with a disinfectant solution.

Smooth rotational movements, a female urethral catheter pre-treated with an antiseptic, is inserted into the urethra to a depth of about 4-6 centimeters.

The outer end of the catheter is placed in the urinal; if the urine began to come out, it means that the manipulation was successful and the hollow tube is in the bladder.

After installing the catheter, in order to avoid injury, you should not twist it and try to move it deeper inside.

Tool Care

During urethral catheterization of a patient, key moment, - to ensure a tight connection of the hollow tube with the adapter and the urinal, here special clamps come to the rescue.

Due to this, urine leakage is excluded, and the patient feels more comfortable not only physically, but also mentally.

Another important nuance- convenient location of the urinal on the human body. It should be below the level of the bladder.

The urinal should not be allowed to be located higher, in which case the urine can flow back and this is dangerous by infection. Most often, the urinal is attached to the thigh with the help of special elastic straps.

For prophylaxis through the urethral catheter, it is periodically necessary to introduce antiseptic solutions (for example, chlorhexidine) into the bladder, it does not irritate the mucous membrane, and disinfection is quite effective.

With urethral catheterization, a complication is possible - bedsores of the urethra. To avoid this, it is necessary to constantly change the position of the drainage tube in the urethra. This manipulation is painful, but vital.

Nelaton catheter

The urinary catheter tube is recommended to be changed at least once a week, as it tends to take the shape of the urethra, which is fraught with the appearance of bedsores of the urethral mucosa. For replacement, it is recommended to contact doctors (this procedure is usually performed by a nurse), but, as practice shows, patients who long time live with a urethral catheter, learn to carry out this manipulation on their own.

If you are manipulating a catheter or urinal, then your hands must first be treated with a disinfectant solution.

Unlike female catheterization, this procedure in men requires more qualification training medical staff, since the urethra in men is long and the catheter must be inserted with great care. : indications and technique of the procedure.

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