This article isn't just for young men. If you have a son, it doesn't matter if he is ten, twenty or one years old - read this article.
Over the past 50 years, the concentration of spermatozoa in men has fallen by 2 times. 40 years ago, the lower limit of the norm, according to WHO, was 60 million sperm per milliliter, then - 40 million, and now - only 20 million. Another couple of decades - and very many will have to resort to artificial insemination... The andrologist of the Republican Center for Human Reproduction tells about the dangers that boys face in life.
Cell phone kills sperm
1. Received reliable scientific confirmation: mobile phones negatively affect the quantity and quality of sperm.
Hungarian scientists began this study back in 2004, and found that men who wore mobile phone on a belt or in a trouser pocket, in less than a year, sperm counts worsened by 20-30%. Even if you are not on the phone, it beeps to communicate with the network. When you get into rooms that are shielded (elevator, basement, subway, etc.), the phone starts an active search for the network, the signal is amplified many times over, and its mode of operation becomes very active. Last year, at a conference of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine, a sensational report was presented, which spoke about the negative impact on men of talking on their mobile phones: the longer they talked during the day, the less sperm they had.
Main enemies: sauna, sore throat and computer
2. Heat is the enemy of the male reproductive glands. A 20-minute stay in a sauna at a temperature of 85 C leads to a decrease in the number and quality of sperm. All week after the bath, they remain low, and then slowly return to normal within 5 weeks. The changes, fortunately, are reversible, but when planning to conceive, it is better to refrain from going to the sauna for 3 months. It takes 10 weeks for a healthy generation of sperm to grow.
3. A common cold, tonsillitis or flu with a temperature of 38-39 C are also dangerous for men. After that, the quality of the semen indicators deteriorates within three months. Only after 5 months reproductive function bounces back.
4. Sitting at the computer for more than 4-5 hours in a row leads to overheating of the gonads, and this negatively affects their functions.
5. For the same reason, you cannot constantly wear swimming trunks or tight-fitting panties. They must be loose, choose boxers. Hot baths are not recommended for boys.
Alcoholic castrates
6. The cells that produce the male hormone suffer from alcohol.
There is even such a disease as alcoholic hypogonadism - insufficient testosterone production. In fact, by taking alcohol, men expose themselves to castration. Alcohol is especially dangerous during puberty.
7. Plastic bottles for water contain estrogen-like substances that have a depressing effect on the reproductive system. Therefore, you should not abuse plastic drinks.
The bar is dangerous
8. It is good for a child to play sports, but all sports that involve lifting weights can damage the reproductive system.
If a boy has a predisposition, then with heavy loads he will certainly develop varicose veins the veins of the spermatic cord, which will eventually lead to impaired fertility.
9. Cryptorchidism (undescended testicle) can lead to infertility. If this disease is treated on time and correctly, adverse consequences can be avoided. With cryptorchidism, it is necessary to perform an operation up to 3 years.
10. Millions of people get mumps as children, but fertility problems occur in those who have mumps complicated by orchitis (inflammation of the testicle). Therefore, if a boy falls ill with mumps, it is imperative to let him rest, avoid any physical activity and follow the doctor's recommendations.
What teens should know
Ø Protect yourself from any trauma to the gonads - in the future, they can lead to the development of autoimmune infertility.
Ø At the slightest pain and problems with urination, do not hesitate to go to the doctor - surgeon, urologist, andrologist.
Ø Protect yourself during sex - sexually transmitted diseases can negatively affect reproductive function.
Ø Consuming tobacco, drugs, alcohol, you harm your sexual function.
Parents need to know that overweight, underdevelopment of the genitals, the absence of secondary hair growth at the age of 13-14 years is a manifestation of puberty disorders and a reason to consult a doctor.
From plastic packaging, their "constituent" parts - phthalates and bisphenol A - are released into the product - substances like female hormone estrogen. Their accumulation in the body can interfere with having healthy offspring. If a pregnant woman constantly drank water from plastic bottles, it is highly likely that later her child will have problems with the development of the reproductive system. In boys, a decrease in the number of active sperm and delayed development of the prostate and testicles. Products made of cheap polyvinyl chloride are mostly "harmful". The triangle triplet icon or the PVC letters warn of its toxicity. The letters PET in a circle, as well as the drawing of a fork and knife, standing upright, indicate that the bottle is not harmful.
From time immemorial, it was customary to blame a woman for the absence of an heir. For some particularly influential men, this approach even allowed them to change wives like gloves, and few would have thought that a man could also be infertile! And even today, another man can exclaim when the doctor starts talking about infertility: "Why are you, I'm in bed, wow!" Meanwhile, the impossibility of conception is not always associated with impotence, the reasons for male infertility are manifold.
First of all, for conception to take place, you need sperm. One of them must connect directly to the egg. In order for it to penetrate the ovary, several tens of thousands of sperm are needed, and in order for several tens of thousands to reach the ovary, tens of millions must enter the vagina! But not always the spermatogenic epithelium (the special tissue lining the testicular tubules) produces enough of them for this to happen.
This form of infertility is called secretory. It can be caused by various diseases, sometimes carried over in childhood: mumps (popularly known as mumps), dropsy of the testicles, not descending into the scrotum until 7 years old, inguinal hernia, varicocele (varicose veins of the testicles), tuberculosis, syphilis. May be adversely affected high temperatures so that this does not happen, after a hot bath you need to take cold shower, and after a steam bath plunge into cold water... Frequent long-term mechanical effects on the testicles, for example, excessive cycling, also contribute to this disorder.
Secretory infertility can cause prolonged stress, some medications ( hormonal drugs, some antibiotics), lack of vitamins and proteins in food, radiation exposure and - no matter how trite it sounds - alcohol, smoking, drugs.
To cure such infertility, it is necessary, first of all, to eliminate the cause: to cure the disease, give up cycling, adjust nutrition, stop drinking and smoking, put in order nervous system etc. This will be followed by a course of treatment with drugs that improve the blood supply to the scrotum, sometimes it is joined by hormone therapy... Be patient: the treatment will be long, but in most cases the problem can be dealt with.
It is not enough to produce sperm - they still have to come out! This may become impossible due to obstruction of the vas deferens. Such infertility is called obstructive. It can be a complication of tuberculosis or syphilis, the result of trauma groin area, the vas deferens can be accidentally damaged during rectal surgery, bladder or other organs of the small pelvis. The cause may be a tumor of the epididymis. In any case, with this form of infertility, there is only one way out: surgery.
Infertility can also be caused by chromosomal abnormalities, in particular, Klinefelter's syndrome - the presence of "extra" sex chromosomes.
It is hardly worth specifying that in this case self-medication or any appeal to any kind is unacceptable. " traditional healers". Make an accurate diagnosis and prescribe effective treatment only a doctor can! A doctor who deals with male infertility problems is called an andrologist. It should be noted that the diagnosis of male infertility is easier than the diagnosis of female infertility, so if your couple is infertile, doctors recommend starting with a male examination to at least rule out this option.
The first thing you have to do is a spermogram, i.e. semen analysis. The doctor will definitely require it, so do this analysis in advance and go to the doctor with its result. What violations can be detected in this case? Aspermia - complete absence of ejaculate, azoospermia - absence of spermatozoa, asthenozoospermia - this means that less than 50% of spermatozoa are motile, teratozoospermia - 30% of spermatozoa have a normal "structure". A combination of these violations may also come to light. Whatever violation is found, the analysis will have to be repeated once or twice to clarify the results.
During the examination, the doctor will feel your scrotum (this is called palpation), so varicocele, inflammatory lesions, and several other diseases can be detected. Then you will have to be tested for hormones. To exclude chromosomal abnormalities, you will have to do a cytogenetic analysis. In addition, X-ray, ultrasound is used male organs, and also a testicular biopsy.
Only on the basis of such a detailed examination, the doctor can accurately determine the cause of infertility and prescribe treatment. Do not give up, in most cases male infertility curable!
are fully preserved. Vasectomy is the most common, simplest, easiest, cheapest and most reliable method of male contraception.In all respects, it surpasses surgical contraception among women. (For example, mortality in women is 3-10 per 100,000 procedures). That is why this method of contraception is widely used in the world, and it is especially widespread in the countries of South and Southeast Asia (India, China, Thailand). In some countries, the government encourages men to have a vasectomy, for example, in India, every sterilized man is given a bicycle.
The indications for a vasectomy are:
unwillingness of spouses to have children for social or medical (on the part of the spouse) reasons and intolerance to other methods of contraception. The medical reason can be mental (outside the exacerbation phase) or hereditary disease.
According to the decree of the Ministry of Health of Russia, vasectomy is performed only for men over 35 years old and already having at least two children. Even if this operation must be done by medical indications, the patient's consent is required. The fact is that the reverse operation to restore the vas deferens is not always successful. And a person's life can develop in different ways. The more time has passed since the first operation, the less hope for the revival of former abilities.
The percentage of complications with vasectomy is small, but it is always with any surgical intervention is, whether it is even a wart removal. Less failure rate
Before the operation, a man must be completely confident in his decision and choice of a surgical method of contraception, which is an irreversible way to prevent pregnancy. It is better to postpone the operation if the man is not married, has no children, if he has family problems, or if the man has not discussed the issue of vasectomy with his wife. Despite the fact that none of these factors precludes a vasectomy, they largely determine the satisfaction of your choice. Ideally surgical sterilization should be a joint decision of a man and a woman.
Informed consent:
Before the operation, the physician performing the sterilization is personally responsible for ensuring that the patient fully understands the meaning and consequences of the operation. It is necessary to pay special attention to the patient's understanding of the following points:
Restoring fertility (the ability to conceive children) after voluntary surgical sterilization is one of the most difficult surgical operations requiring special training of a surgeon;
In some cases, the restoration of fertility becomes impossible due to the middle age of the patient, the presence of infertility in the spouse or the impossibility of performing the operation, which is caused by the very method of sterilization performed;
The success of the reversibility of the operation is not guaranteed even in the case of appropriate indications and high qualifications of the surgeon;
Fertility restoration surgery (for both men and women) is one of the most expensive surgeries.
Vasectomy technique.
The wounds are closed with an absorbable suture, i.e. no need to remove stitches. A vasectomy can also be performed through a single skin incision, which is performed in the midline of the scrotum. In some cases, the wound is not sutured. The patient can be discharged from the clinic within 15-30 minutes after the operation.
Complications.
Complications associated with bleeding can be minimized by using carefully developed surgical techniques and patient adherence to postoperative recommendations (avoid physical activity within 1-2 days after surgery).
The development of hematoma can be prevented by paying particular attention to the control of hemostasis during surgery. Prevention of inflammatory complications consists in careful adherence to the rules of asepsis, the use of sterile instruments and materials, and appropriate preparation and care of the surgical wound.
Treatment infectious complications is carried out with appropriate antibiotic therapy. In most cases, a small postoperative granuloma resolves spontaneously, but if it is large and painful, treatment is carried out surgical methods... Postoperative epididymitis results from stagnant pressure in the occluded duct. With heat therapy and fixation of the scrotum, the condition improves after 1 week.
Results:
The complete absence of sperm in the ejaculate in most cases is achieved only after 20 ejaculations, so up to this point, condoms or other methods of contraception should be used to reliably prevent pregnancy. To confirm the absence of sperm in the semen, it is recommended laboratory research ejaculate after 20 ejaculations.
Vasectomy is considered the most effective method contraception, as well as female sterilization. There are many publications on the study of the presence of sperm in the ejaculate after undergoing a vasectomy, however, few studies address the issue of cases of pregnancy after this procedure.
It is important to note that the above indicators do not include cases of pregnancy as a result of the lack of protection of sexual intercourse until the complete "cleansing" of the reproductive tract from spermatozoa, since these cases of pregnancy are not the result of an unsuccessful operation. The onset of pregnancy (in approximately 0.1-0.5% of cases) may be the result of recanalization of the vas deferens, improper operation (ligation or intersection of another structure) or, in rare cases, the presence of a congenital anomaly in the form of a doubling of the vas deferens, which has not remained installed during the operation.
Conclusion:
Voluntary surgical sterilization is the optimal method of contraception for a carefully selected group of men.
The reasons for infertility that will surprise you, first of all, relate to the psychological plane, and only as a consequence - to gynecology.
A couple is considered infertile if a woman of childbearing age does not become pregnant during a year of regular and open sexual activity (without the use of contraceptives). As shown by WHO statistics, female and male factors are approximately equally responsible for infertility. In 15% of cases, violations by reproductive system both spouses have.
The common causes of female infertility are well known. These include problems with ovulation, hormonal disorders, impaired ovarian function, patency and function fallopian tubes, abnormalities in the structure of the uterus. Many causes of infertility are associated with inflammatory diseases genital area and are caused by sexually transmitted infections.
But it also happens that men and women do not have obvious health problems, and the desired pregnancy does not occur. There are reasons for infertility that will surprise you.
The origins of many cases of problems with conception should be sought not in the field of gynecology, but in the psychological plane, experts say. It's no secret that the way of thinking affects the physiological processes in the body. Another reason for incomprehensible infertility is chronic illness, which can only be recognized and treated by an experienced specialist.
If you are having trouble conceiving a baby, think about whether one of the following circumstances is bothering you.
Negative attitude
The subconscious mind plays an important role in the realization of our desires. We can dream about one thing, but count on another. If you are worried about thoughts like “I'm afraid it won't work,” “trying is pointless,” this is negative attitudes that prevent you from reaching your goal. A good way to change the subconscious is to read forums where mothers communicate, who previously could not get pregnant "for an unknown reason." You need to gain confidence that you can become a mom.
If you cannot cope with your subconscious mind on your own, see a psychologist or psychotherapist.
"Blockers" of new life
The cause of the death of the embryo may be microthrombi in the woman's blood. They do not allow the embryo to receive nutrition, and it dies. In addition, the female body can produce killer cells against the embryo. To check these versions, you need to pass an analysis for blood clotting and for NK cells.
In a man's body, antisperm antibodies can be produced, which interferes with conception. Whether this is so - the MAR test will show.
Passive lifestyle
A sedentary lifestyle disrupts blood circulation in the small pelvis. Pregnancy can end at the most early dates due to lack of oxygen and nutrients.
In men, difficulty conceiving can be a consequence of a sedentary lifestyle.
Offended femininity
If a woman is afraid of being a woman, then a program is subconsciously turned on that prevents conception and bearing.
Often times, infertile women have a grudge against their mother, or they perceive their mother's grudge against men as their own. You need to analyze your thoughts and feelings, forgive your parents and allow yourself to become a woman. You will probably need the help of a psychologist.
Questions From Readers
18 October 2013, 17:25 Good afternoon. I am 20 years old with menstruation never had a problem. A miscarriage occurred at 8 weeks. a week later they told me that the child had died for a week on an ultrasound scan. had an abortion. I would like to know the reason. I went for an ultrasound scan during pregnancy and was told that I was toned and that my blood was a little normal. and on the same day went to the sea when the water came out with blood there was a lot of blood, not so much. was it related to the sea? or is it not possible and is there a different reason? Thanks.
Ask a QuestionLatent self-destruction
Anger, resentment, despondency and others negative emotions destroy a person from the inside. From the point of view of psychosomatics, this leads to disturbances in the functioning of the body and the inability to reproduce.
Excess stress hormones
Excess stress hormones (adrenaline, norepinephrine, cortisol) reduce the level of the hormone progesterone in female body... This hormone is essential for successful embryo implantation.
In turn, stress hormones in men affect testosterone, without which sperm cannot be capable of fertilizing an egg.
In addition, excess stress hormones can lead to early embryo death.
Improper nutrition
Nutrition gives energy and health. If the metabolism is disturbed due to improper nutrition, the body does not have enough strength to give new life... In addition, for normal work the reproductive system needs vitamins E, C and group B, which we get from food.
Men should also have zinc in their diet.
Parents' mistakes
Causes of infertility that will surprise you include parental mistakes. Lack of parental love, their mistakes in relation to their children lead to the fact that a person is angry with his parents all his life. Subconsciously, he forbids himself to reproduce, so that the children do not look like “such bad people, like parents".
In addition, the mistakes and negative emotions of our ancestors become the cause of their physical disorders, which are inherited and can interfere with conception and bearing. To bring down Negative influence these factors, you need to forgive your parents, take care of them.
Untreated infection
The inflammatory process in the uterus can be triggered by any pathogenic bacterium.
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