Electromagnetic radiation exists exactly as long as our Universe lives. It played a key role in the evolution of life on Earth. In fact, this is a disturbance of the state of the electromagnetic field propagating in space.
Characteristics of electromagnetic radiation
Any electromagnetic wave is described using three characteristics.
1. Frequency.
2. Polarization.
Polarization Is one of the main wave attributes. Describes the transverse anisotropy of electromagnetic waves. Radiation is considered polarized when all wave oscillations occur in one plane.
This phenomenon is actively used in practice. For example, in the cinema when showing 3D films.
Using polarization, IMAX glasses separate the image that is intended for different eyes. 
Frequency- the number of wave crests that pass by the observer (in this case, the detector) in one second. Measured in hertz.
Wavelength- the specific distance between the nearest points of electromagnetic radiation, the oscillations of which occur in the same phase.
Electromagnetic radiation can spread in almost any environment: from dense matter to vacuum.
The speed of propagation in a vacuum is 300 thousand km per second.
Interesting video about the nature and properties of EM waves, see the video below:
Types of electromagnetic waves
All electromagnetic radiation is divided by frequency. 
1. Radio waves. They are short, ultra-short, extra-long, long, medium.
The length of radio waves ranges from 10 km to 1 mm, and from 30 kHz to 300 GHz.
Their sources can be both human activity and various natural atmospheric phenomena.
2. . The wavelength is in the range of 1mm - 780nm, and can reach up to 429 THz. Infrared radiation is also called thermal radiation. The foundation of all life on our planet.
3. Visible light. Length 400 - 760 / 780nm. Accordingly, it fluctuates within 790-385 THz. This includes the entire spectrum of radiation that can be seen human eye.
4. . The wavelength is shorter than that of infrared radiation.
Can go up to 10 nm. such waves are very large - about 3x10 ^ 16 Hz.
5. X-rays... waves 6x10 ^ 19 Hz, and a length of the order of 10 nm - 5 pm.
6. Gamma waves. This includes any radiation that is greater than in X-rays, and the length is less. The source of such electromagnetic waves are cosmic, nuclear processes.
Scope of application
Somewhere since the end of the 19th century, all human progress has been associated with the practical application of electromagnetic waves.
The first thing worth mentioning is radio communication. She made it possible for people to communicate, even if they were far from each other.
Satellite broadcasting, telecommunications are the further development of primitive radio communications.
It was these technologies that shaped the information image modern society.
Sources of electromagnetic radiation should be considered both large industrial facilities and various power lines.
Electromagnetic waves are actively used in military affairs (radars, complex electrical devices). Also, medicine has not done without their use. For the treatment of many diseases can be used infrared radiation.
X-rays help to identify damage to the internal tissues of a person.
With the help of lasers, a number of operations are performed that require jewelry precision. 
The importance of electromagnetic radiation in the practical life of a person can hardly be overestimated.
Soviet video about the electromagnetic field:
Potential negative impact on humans
While useful, strong sources of electromagnetic radiation can cause symptoms such as:
Fatigue;
Headache;
Nausea.
Excessive exposure to certain types of waves causes damage internal organs, central nervous system, brain. Changes in the human psyche are possible.
An interesting view of the effect of EM waves on humans:
To avoid such consequences, practically all countries of the world have standards governing electromagnetic safety. Each type of radiation has its own regulatory documents (hygiene standards, radiation safety standards). The influence of electromagnetic waves on humans is not fully understood, therefore WHO recommends minimizing their exposure.
Sources of electromagnetic radiation, which include high and ultra-high voltage overhead power lines, technical means of radio broadcasting, television, radio relay and satellite communications, radar and navigation systems, laser beacons, household appliances - Wi-Fi, microwave ovens, etc., significantly influenced the natural electromagnetic background. In large areas, especially near the passage of high and ultra-high voltage overhead power lines, radio and television centers, radar installations, the strength of electric and magnetic fields has increased from two to five orders of magnitude, creating a real danger to people, flora and fauna. Radio frequency electromagnetic fields have become a real threat to all living things. V recent times a term appeared - electromagnetic pollution (EMF of anthropogenic origin or electromagnetic smog), denoting a set of electromagnetic fields of various frequencies that negatively affect a person.
Purposeful use of electromagnetic (EM) energy in a wide variety of fields human activity led to the fact that the existing natural geomagnetic background - electrical and magnetic fields Earth, atmospheric electricity, radio emission from the Sun and the Galaxy added an electromagnetic field of artificial origin. Its level significantly exceeds the level of the natural electromagnetic background. The world's energy resource doubles every ten years, and specific gravity variable electromagnetic field (EMF) in the electric power industry during this time increases three times.
Unlike the body's responses to low-frequency EMFs, the high-frequency biological effects of electromagnetic radiation are mainly due to the thermal energy released in the exposed tissues. Physiological mechanisms of heat transfer do not compensate for the heat production of the body, which occurs under the influence of high frequency EMF.
In the frequency range from 1.0 to 300 MHz, the mechanisms of interaction of EMF with the body are determined by both the conduction current and the displacement current, and at a frequency of about 1 MHz, the conduction current plays a leading role, and at frequencies above 20 MHz, the displacement current. Both types of current cause tissue heating. The thermal effect increases with increasing frequency of the external field. The high-frequency conduction current (at a frequency of more than 10 5 Hz), in contrast to the low-frequency one, does not excite the nerves and muscles. The bias current also does not cause excitation.
The wavelength at frequencies from 1.0 to 3000 MHz exceeds the dimensions of the human body. Such fields can have both local and general effects on it. The nature of the impact is determined by whether the whole body or part of it is in the field. At higher frequencies (more than 3000 MHz), the wavelength is less than the size of the human body, which determines only the local effect of EMF. In addition, with an increase in frequency, the depth of penetration of electromagnetic waves into the body decreases. The depth of penetration of electromagnetic radiation into any medium is the distance at which the field amplitude decreases by a factor of e (e = 2.718 ...). Having overcome this path, the electromagnetic wave retains about 13% of its initial intensity. The depth of penetration depends not only on the frequency of the external EMF, but also on the electrical properties of the tissues into which it penetrates. For adipose and bone tissue, this value is an order of magnitude higher than for muscle.
Since the characteristic frequency of water relaxation falls into the frequency range of microwave radiation, it is the aquatic environments of the body that absorb the energy of the microwave fields to the greatest extent. Microwave waves weakly interact with skin and fatty tissue, and are intensively absorbed in muscles and internal organs. Therefore, muscles and viscera undergo the greatest heating during microwave therapy. A lot of heat is generated in fluids filling various cavities.
Microwave radiation is widely used in radar. Violation of safety instructions while working on radar systems can cause very serious damage to health.
Of particular interest are works concerning the study of the effect on the central nervous system of low-intensity microwave fields, modulated in the frequency range of the biological object's own biological rhythms. It has been found that the threshold intensities for microwave radiation modulated in this range are significantly lower than those characteristic of pulsed and continuous radiation.
The low-energy microwave field, modulated in the rhythm of the natural frequencies of the brain, has a pronounced cardiotropic effect. By subjecting the brain (nervous) tissue to the effects of EMFs modulated by the frequency of the brain's own biorhythms, it is possible to achieve an increase in the biological effect of EMFs due to resonance phenomena.
Resonance processes associated with biological rhythms person. Resonant strengthening or weakening of these rhythms, the appearance of harmonics and subharmonics, and the results of cross modulation in nonlinear elements of cells can generate a variety of psychophysiological effects with negative consequences.
Among the multitude electromagnetic phenomena Microwave radiation (MWR) deserve special attention, and the most significant contribution to the microwave pollution of the environment is made by radar and radio relay stations and other objects, the operation of which is based on the generation of EMP of the microwave range. People who work on tropospheric, satellite, radio and radar stations appear headache, irritability, drowsiness, memory impairment, etc.
According to the magnitude of the dose and the nature of the radiation, acute and chronic damage by microwave radiation is distinguished (Table 1). TO acute lesions include violations resulting from short-term exposure to microwaves with energy flux density (PES), which causes a thermogenic effect. Chronic damage is the result of prolonged exposure to MVI subthermal PES.
|
Microwave intensity, mW / cm 2 |
Observed changes |
|
Pain sensations during irradiation * |
|
|
Inhibition of redox processes in tissues * |
|
|
Enhancement blood pressure with its subsequent decrease, in the case of chronic exposure - persistent hypotension. Bilateral cataract. |
|
|
Feeling warm. Expansion of blood vessels. With irradiation, the pressure increase by 20-30 mm Hg * |
|
|
Stimulation of redox processes in tissues |
|
|
Asthenization after 15 min. radiation, changes in the bioelectrical activity of the brain |
|
|
Uncertain blood changes with a total irradiation time of 150 h, changes in blood clotting |
|
|
Electrocardiographic changes, changes in the receptor apparatus |
|
|
Changes in blood pressure with repeated irradiation, |
|
|
Vagotonic reaction with symptoms of bradycardia, slowing of cardiac conduction |
|
|
A pronounced decrease in blood pressure, increased heart rate, fluctuations in the blood volume of the heart |
|
|
Decreased blood pressure, a tendency to increase the heart rate, slight fluctuations in the blood volume of the heart. |
|
|
Auditory effect when exposed to pulsed EME |
|
|
Some changes in the nervous system with chronic exposure for 5-10 years |
|
|
Electrocardiographic changes |
|
|
Tendency to lower blood pressure with chronic exposure * |
* - intensity values are the smallest ones found in the literature.
On the part of the CVS, neurocirculatory dystonia (NCD) of the hypertensive type, myocardial dystrophy, accompanied by rapidly progressing coronary insufficiency... The peripheral blood picture was characterized by leukopenia and thrombocytopenia. Specialists who service electromagnetic devices have a phase character of changes in the system. peripheral circulation... In the initial period, there may be a moderate decrease in the content of hemoglobin and erythrocytes. In the future, these indicators grow and sometimes significantly exceed the norm. At first, the number of leukocytes tends to increase in comparison with the norm. After seven to nine years of contact, a tendency for a decrease in leukocytes appears. Persons with an experience of 7-12 years may have persistent leukopenia. In some, blood clotting indicators change.
Biological studies have established that the most sensitive to the effects of EMR are: central nervous system, eyes, gonads. In this case, violations of the activity of the cardiovascular, neuroendocrine, hematopoietic, immune systems and metabolic processes. Studies have shown that the human reproductive system is very sensitive to exposure to EMF. At the same time, men showed a rather high percentage of impotence cases, a decrease in testosterone in the blood. Women may experience impaired fertility (toxicosis of pregnancy, spontaneous miscarriages, pathology of childbirth).
The human body is not indifferent to the localization of EM energy on certain organs (when using hand-held radio telephones, this is the head; portable radios - the lower back or back). There is a clear dependence of bioeffects on the intensity of the field, polarization and direction of waves, the ratio of the sizes of human organs and body with length EMR waves... The difficulty lies in the fact that it is necessary to take into account all the variety of factors that determine the amount of absorbed EM energy, dielectric properties of tissues, geometry, mass, orientation of a biological object, polarization of EMF, configuration and characteristics of the source, exposure, intensity and frequency of radiation, all features of generation and propagation EMY SHF.
Radiation at a frequency of 900 MHz, which is allowed for mobile radiotelephones, has a particularly high permeability, and a "resonance effect" often occurs in the head. True, there are large differences in individual sensitivity. There are many models, modifications of radiotelephones and they differ significantly from each other in power and wavelength. Therefore, it is possible to speak about the specific impact of a particular device only after appropriate certification.
The target for microwave radiation is a molecule with EM properties. These are, first of all, water molecules. The living human body mainly (95% in infancy and 60% in old age) consists of water. All substances, when dissolved in water, form hydration shells. Weak low-frequency EMFs change the metastable structures in water, which sharply decreases the concentration of potassium ions and leads to the formation of active free radicals.
The EM energy of microwave radiation, impact on water, is converted into thermal energy and subsequent bioeffects in cells and tissues are associated with an increase in their temperature locally, and then with warming up of the whole organism. The greater the magnitude of the microwave, the deeper the thermal burn in the tissues. An increase in temperature causes excitation of thermoreceptors. The mechanoreceptors in the lesion focus are also irritated due to the "volumetric effect" of the heated tissue fluid.
Simultaneously with the thermal effect, a resonance effect is also manifested in the destruction of DNA, ATP molecules, a decrease in the degree of binding of K +, Ca 2+ and other ions. The membrane permeability for K + and Na + changes. It has been proved that the main mechanism of the influence of EMP LF on biological objects is determined by the fact that at E = 30 kV / m every second 10 4 Na + ions are introduced into the cell and the same amount of K + ions is removed, which requires an increase in energy consumption.
The share of absorption of microwave energy by water is: at frequencies of 1 GHz - 50%, 10 GHz - 90%, and at 30 GHz - 98%. The effect of absorption of microwave energy by cells and tissues is a thermal and non-thermal effect. The structure and functions of the nerve cell, erythrocyte, and other cells are impaired. The most intense overheating of organs that do not contain blood vessels(lens, testes, ovaries, etc.). In that sense, the "target organ" for the microwave is the eye, gonads and spermatozoa.
The thermal effect spreads to the central nervous system, exciting and overexciting it. The central nervous system is affected very early due to the direct and indirect action of microwave radiation through the efferent system. The vicious circles include endocrine, immune, cardiovascular, respiratory system... In the later stages, there are signs of energy depletion and depression of the centers of the brain.
With chronic exposure to microwave radiation, radio wave illness develops with dysfunction of all regulatory systems, as a result of which labor productivity drops sharply, and mental disorders are observed. Irradiation in the radio frequency range causes a person to feel noises and whistles. More than twenty years ago, even the discovery of the effect of radio audibility was reported. Its essence lies in the fact that people who were in the field of a powerful broadcasting station heard "inner voices", speech, music, etc.
The complex of negative EMF is immediate cause many diseases. The human body responds sensitively to the wave load, first by a decrease in working capacity, a weakening of attention, emotional instability, and then an avalanche of nervous and cardiovascular systems, most of the internal organs and especially the kidneys and liver.
EMF has an adverse effect on the body and, under certain conditions, can serve as a prerequisite for the formation of pathological conditions among the population exposed to its chronic effects. EMF leads to the development of the aging syndrome of the body, the signs of which are a decrease in working capacity and immunity, the presence of many diseases, an early violation of cholesterol levels, inhibition of function reproductive system, the development of age-related pathology in early years (hypertonic disease, cerebral atherosclerosis). The timing of the occurrence of disturbances in the body during exposure to EMF depends on many factors: frequency range, duration of exposure (work experience), localization of exposure (general or local), the nature of EMF (modulated, continuous, intermittent), and others. In this case, an essential role is played by individual characteristics organism. It has been experimentally proven that the effect of modulated EMF can cause effects opposite to the effects of unmodulated EMF. The use of pulse generation EMF in the experiment makes it possible to obtain a more pronounced biological effect than with continuous irradiation. The great biological activity of the pulsed radiation is also evidenced by the great sensitivity of the cholinergic systems of the brain to them.
V last years it was convincingly proved that disorders of the body's functions under the influence of microwave radiation occur not only due to the formation of excess heat in the tissues. Consequently, the biophysical mechanisms of the effect of EMF on biological systems cannot be reduced to the two discussed above: overheating in high-frequency fields and excitation in low-frequency ones. Now the attention of researchers biological effects electromagnetic radiation is focused on the third mechanism. It is called specific. Most characteristic feature The specific effect of EMF on the body consists in the fact that biological systems react to radiation of extremely low intensity, insufficient for excitation and heating, but such reactions do not occur in the entire EMF range, but at certain frequencies. Therefore, the third type of reactions of biological systems to EMF also has such names as resonant and weak interactions, frequency-dependent biological effects of EMF.
FREQUENCY DEPENDENT BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF EMF
The frequency-dependent biological effects of EMFs described to date are few in number and, at the same time, diverse, which complicates their classification.
Under the action of microwave radiation, some bacteria (for example, E. coli) synthesize a kind of protein - colicin, which has antigenic properties for bacteria of other strains. This is observed only at certain frequencies (from 45.6 to 46.1 GHz) at a rather low field intensity (down to 0.1 W-m-2), although colicin synthesis also occurs under the influence of other factors. It is customary to explain the formation of a new protein by the selective action of such factors, including EME of certain frequencies, on the genetic apparatus of the cell. The authors of this hypothesis believe that among the processes of storage and transmission of genetic information, it is not replication and transcription that changes, but translation. Probably, microwave radiation can disrupt the normal sequence of nucleotides in the messenger RNA, which will result in the production of macromolecules unusual for the cell, which are not capable of ensuring the full-fledged administration of the corresponding functions. The synthesis of "defective" proteins is reflected primarily on those substrates that are actively renewed (for example, enzymes). Changes in the level of metabolic processes and physiological activity of animals, observed by a number of researchers, are associated with such disorders.
Data on the effect of EME on the genetic apparatus of cells are few in number, contradictory and fragmentary. Thus, human gamma globulin loses its antigenic properties when exposed to the blood of electromagnetic radiation with a frequency of 13.1 - 13.3-13.9 - 14.4 MHz. EMFs of other frequencies do not lead to this effect. At the same time, it can be explained without invoking the hypothesis of the effect of EME on the genetic apparatus. There is an assumption about the possibility of interaction of external EMFs with components of the cell plasma membrane. This explains the increase in the release of calcium ions from the brain tissues exposed to low-frequency EME irradiation. This phenomenon occurs only at certain frequencies (6-16 Hz). It is especially effective to use not low-frequency harmonic oscillations, but UHF fields modulated by low frequencies (with a modulation depth of 80-90%).
The calcium hypothesis is based on information about the structure of the plasmolemma. Many of its constituent molecules have finite amino sugar chains protruding into the membrane space. They form on the surface of the cell membrane numerous areas of immobile negative charges that have a strong affinity for H- and Ca 2+. These cations are adsorbed by the plasmolemma from the extracellular medium. Probably, the cations fixed by the polyanionic layer of the plasmolemma of the nerve cell can provide all interactions with weak EMFs. The energy of such fields is insufficient to change the ionic permeability of an excitable membrane (that is, to activate voltage-dependent ion channels in it), but this energy may be enough to disrupt the electrostatic bond of cations with membrane amino sugars. As a result, cations leave the surface of the plasmolemma and an excess of them is created in the intercellular environment. According to the calcium hypothesis, this applies primarily to calcium ions. A sharp increase in the Ca 2+ gradient by plasma membranes ah neurons in the central nervous system can cause excitation, because nerve cells are excited by the incoming calcium current through the plasmolemma that covers their bodies.
In addition to the ionic theory, the membrane and dipole theories of the interaction of EMF with microstructures are also considered, within the framework of which the transformation of the EMF energy into the kinetic energy of molecules is also associated with the concept of fluctuation-probabilistic influence, which is realized through the trigger amplifying mechanisms of a living system.
The specific effect of EMP is explained by the nonlinear nature of the effect of the field on microstructures. The mechanism of microwave action is to change the membrane permeability of the cell, which leads to a change in the function of the nucleotide cyclase system, which affects the activity of redox enzymes. The products of metabolism in the humoral way cause changes in the physiological state. Some authors have suggested the existence of specific receptors for the perception of EMF in animals and humans.
Electromagnetic radiation of certain (resonant) frequencies is capable of performing the role of signals, that is, to control the release of free energy of a biological system without introducing significant energy from the outside into this system. The criterion for the informational effect of EMF is the predominance of the energy of the body's responses (changes in metabolism and physiological activity) over the energy of the external field that caused them. The energetic effects of EMF are characterized by the fact that the energy of the response reactions of the biological system is less than the energy introduced into it by the field.
The biological effects of weak EMFs are determined by the high selective sensitivity to them (in a narrow spectral range) of one or another type of cells. Apparently, neurons are most susceptible to weak fields. Specialized electroreceptors are found in a few representatives of the animal world. They were not found in humans. However, the absence of both electroreceptors and specific "electrical" sensations does not indicate the impossibility of human perception of weak EMFs. One of the mechanisms of the selective sensitivity of brain neurons to low-frequency radiation can be their interaction with cations (for example, Ca 2+ - according to the calcium hypothesis), when they are desorbed from the plasma membranes that previously bound them.
By analogy with the principle of operation of an amplifier (a weak signal at the input controls the redistribution of significant energy at the output), the mechanisms of response of biological systems to weak EMF are defined as amplifying (or cooperative). The role of a trigger signal for some biological systems is probably capable of performing weak EMF of certain frequencies. They can interact both with charges fixed on the cell membrane, and, apparently, with intracellular substrates, up to the genetic apparatus of the cell. However, the high gradient of the electric potential existing on the plasmolemma makes it difficult to influence the EMF on the intracellular systems. With some pathological conditions the level of the membrane potential decreases, which can lead to a greater vulnerability of intracellular processes to external fields. This is probably due to hypersensitivity sick to atmospheric phenomena.
Studies of recent decades have convincingly confirmed the informational role and significance of ultraweak EMFs for biological systems, including those in the ELF range under certain laws of their modulation.
The development of the idea that electrons and EMFs, as more labile than molecules (elements of living matter), carry energy, charges and information, being a kind of fuel for life processes, led many authors to the idea of the existence in the body of a system for maintaining bioelectric homeostasis, providing normal physiological state of cells. Assumption that there is a central regulation mechanism in the body physiological processes, consistent with the periodically changing parameters of the electric and magnetic fields of the Earth and designed to protect against interference from sporadically arising intense cosmic EMF of all frequency ranges, leads to the idea of the presence in a highly organized organism sensory system, perceiving changes in the EMF of the external environment.
- influence the course of biochemical reactions of intracellular metabolism;
- to influence the enzymatic activity of proteins - enzymes in the brain, liver and other structures;
- to influence (directly or indirectly) the processes of transmission of genetic information (the processes of transcription and translation);
- influence the levels of sulfhydryl and other groups that determine the polarity of protein molecules;
- act on neurohumoral regulation, in particular, on the hypothalamic-pituitary and sympathoadrenal systems;
- change the dynamics of the immune response;
- change the physicochemical properties of glia, in particular, its electron-optical density;
- rebuild the pattern of impulse flows generated by neurons;
- change the functional activity of receptors and various ion channels.
Thus, as a result of the interaction of the body with the electrical component of the EMF, biological effects of three types can occur: excitation, heating, and cooperative processes. Two of them are well studied and can be explained within the framework of the concept of energetic interaction of the field with the body. The third effect, which manifests itself in the perception of weak electromagnetic radiation by biosystems, has not been sufficiently studied. Its origin is apparently connected with the fact that in the process of evolution of biological systems, EMFs of certain frequencies performed in relation to them the mission of a carrier of information about the environment. This is obvious to the light. The information function of other parts of the electromagnetic spectrum has not yet been proven and truly explained.
FEATURES OF INTERACTION OF DIGITAL NOISE WITH LIVING SYSTEMS AND PROBLEMS OF BIOLOGICAL SAFETY EMR
The widespread use of digital technologies has led to the emergence of a new component of the human electromagnetic environment - digital noise (SN). If the overall electromagnetic pollution environment is a matter of concern for environmental specialists, the possible role of the digital component as an additional risk factor has not yet been considered. The need to isolate the CN from the entire spectrum of the electromagnetic background is dictated by experiments on qualitatively new features of the CN bioeffects at the cellular level.
The introduction of any new technology, coupled with the radiation of electromagnetic waves into the space surrounding a person, is inevitably accompanied by discussions about the possible consequences for health. For mobile communications, this is especially important, since nowadays everyone knows that microwave radiation can be far from harmless, and the radio transmitter of the subscriber unit works directly near the ear, a few centimeters from the brain. Numerous studies, however, do not yet give a clear answer to the question: how harmful is radiation mobile phone for its user. The complexity of the problem, insufficient funding, and lobbying of manufacturing companies contribute to the fact that in the foreseeable future one should hardly expect to receive unambiguous conclusions on the problem under consideration. Therefore, for a qualitative assessment possible consequences We used the laws of electromagnetic biology, known in electromagnetic biology, as well as some provisions of the physics of living things, of the impact of the EMR of a mobile phone on the human body.
The main safety criterion is the smallness of the increased dose of EMR, which is determined from the considerations that the permissible exposure limit should be, with a sufficiently good margin, below the threshold above which noticeable changes occur in the human body. International safety standards set a limit for the so-called Specific Absorption Rate (SAR), the time derivative of the EMF energy absorbed per unit mass in the volume of a body of a given shape and density. Depending on the local standard, in different countries SAR fluctuates between 10 -2 -10 -3 W / g, which in terms of the power flux-density taking into account the time interval of averaging gives -10 -3 -10 -4 W / cm 2. Such orders of magnitude are guaranteed (by about an order of magnitude) higher than the values of the irradiation level obtained in model calculations and in experiments with experimental volunteers. Note, however, that all calculations and measurements refer to the carrier frequency. The relative level of radiation power outside the working band in the microwave-EHF range does not exceed 10% and, it would seem, is all the more consistent with safety standards.
Obviously, the creators of the standards took into account only the linear dependence of possible biological effects on the absorbed dose, being guided by the principle "the less, the safer." This is, in fact, true for the so-called thermal factor, which is responsible for the heating of biological tissue during the absorption of EMR. However, numerous experiments on the effect of microwave and EHF fields on living systems of very different levels of organization - from a microbial cell to a person - testifies to the fundamental nonlinearity of susceptibility (in this case, they speak of an "information factor"). As a result, the concept of biologically safe intensity becomes, to put it mildly, vague.
Moreover, until recently, the dependence of a biological response on the intensity of radiation (monochromatic or noise-like) was considered, albeit nonlinear, but still monotonic. The CS introduces a new quality into the EMP bioeffects - a non-monotonic dependence: with a decrease in intensity, the effect can disappear and reappear, even showing a tendency to change its sign.
Let us touch upon one more aspect of the problem under discussion, namely, the question of "usefulness" or "harmfulness" for the organism of one or another EMR frequency range. The microwave range is considered more likely to be "harmful", including for above levels of EMP power (< 10 -7 Вт\см 2). С КВЧ все не так однозначно. В частности, показано, что положительное для организма (лечебное) воздействие излучений этого участка спектра, например в технологиях КВЧ –терапии, имеет место лишь при соблюдении ряда условий. А именно — сверхнизкая, порядка тепловых шумов (<10 -19 Вт/см 2), интенсивность и строго детерминированная локализация воздействия. В общем же случае, судя по многочисленным экспериментам, могут наблюдаться биоэффекты разных знаков. Это означает, что, если не впадать в излишний оптимизм, следует учитывать потенциальную опасность физиологических последствий облучения низкоинтенсивными ЭМИ, в особенности головного мозга и ушной раковины, где расположено много активных точек.
What are the features of the impact of the central nervous system on living systems? Within the framework of the concept of an endogenous coherent field, which forms an integral electromagnetic frame of a living organism, it is assumed that a weak external signal can be regulated. It is essential that such an effect should be resonant and purely individual in frequency composition, reflecting the spectrum of characteristic frequencies of a particular organism. Obviously, the CS with its "monochromatic broadband" spectrum turns out to be a universal tool that affects any living object. Moreover, if we are guided by the idea of "affinity" of external EMR with the body's own fields of cells, then the CS is simultaneously the initiator of both restorative (EHF-range) and destructive (SHF) processes.
You do not see him, but that does not mean that he is not here. Don't forget about the invisible killer. Avoid it where possible.
Electromagnetic fields (EMF)
Electromagnetic fields (EMF) are an anthropogenic and growing threat in the modern world. We need to know what it is, what the sources are and how it harms, in order to minimize negative health effects as much as possible.
If you are wondering why, while living a fairly healthy lifestyle, you still get sick often, it turns out that you may be the victim of this silent killer.
There are two types of EMF - natural and man-made. We will be discussing here man-made EMFs, which pose a much greater threat to our health. They surround us, but we do not pay attention to the degree of damage that she can cause to our health and the health of our children. This is the dark side of technology and the price we have to pay for upgrades and amenities.
What is electromagnetic radiation (EMR)?
EMP is an invisible force that appears when an electric current is passed through an electrical device. Electric and magnetic fields affect everything around them.
The intensity of the field changes with voltage. The higher the voltage, the stronger the electric fields. The interaction between electricity and magnetic fields produces electromagnetic radiation (EMP).
The effects of electric fields can sometimes be perceptible. For example, a tingling sensation may be felt. However, the magnetic field passes through most things unnoticed. It is energy that takes the form of waves, spreading outward from its source, very much like the ripples in water that occurs when a pebble falls into it. EMP travels through space at the speed of light, about 300 million meters per second, and it interacts with things in its path.
How EMFs Affect Our Health
We are in fact also electro-magnetic beings, micro-electric currents are generated by us and control the functions of our body such as growth, metabolism, thoughts, movements, etc. Disruptions in the electrical network of our body can cause malfunctions in the functioning of our internal organs, especially the brain.
Exposure to a consistent external frequency for several minutes can disrupt the electrical functionality of our body. This applies even to exposure to very weak EMFs.
Research has shown that prolonged exposure to EMFs can weaken the brain's defense mechanisms and cause psychiatric disorders such as depression, poor concentration, and insomnia. It also interferes with the body's natural healing process.
Our human bodies are very sensitive to EMF. When we interact with natural energies, we enhance the natural balance in our energy system. But when we are exposed to man-made EMFs, which are unnatural for our body, they create a chaotic situation that is harmful to our health. Our bodies absorb and store energy fields that weaken our immune system, leaving us susceptible to various diseases.
Some diseases associated with constant exposure to EMF: headaches, chronic fatigue syndrome, memory loss, miscarriages, birth defects, leukemia, lymphoma, brain tumors, and even cancer.
Electro-pollution: Look at the dangers around you.
Radio waves
Radio waves are the energy emitted by radio stations. All wireless technologies have their own frequency bands, including remote controls, home alarm systems, cordless phones, cell phones, radios, remote control toys, global positioning systems (GPS), and more.
Radio waves can overheat the organs of our body without affecting the skin. The thermal effects of these devices have been shown to be very harmful, resulting in: headaches, sleep disturbances, poor concentration, increased blood pressure, eye damage, especially with eye medications, childhood leukemia, the development of cancer cells in the brain, and much more. ...
Precautions for using cell phones:
Avoid using mobile or cordless phones for extended periods if possible.
If you really must use your phone, don't talk for long and use the speakerphone.
Use an external speaker that allows you to keep the phone away from your head.
If you wear glasses, go for plastic frames and non-metallic accessories. The conductor material can serve as an antenna and direct radio waves directly to your brain.
Television Waves - Extreme Low Frequency (ELF) waves
The TV emits EMF in all directions while it is turned on, not just when it is turned on. Larger screens can emit a stronger field that can even penetrate walls. Other devices that emit ELF: computers, laser printers, photocopiers, electric blankets, electric watches.
Some of the health risks from prolonged exposure to a computer are: miscarriages, low birth weight in newborns, vision and hearing problems, suppressed immunity, hyperactivity in young children, skin irritation, etc.
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Precautions for using TVs and displays:
Move at least 24 inches away from the screen.
EMF spreads from all sides of the computer, especially from the top and back. Move at least three feet away from the computer you are using.
Avoid working on your computer for more than two hours a day.
Turn off the power of your TV or computer when not in use.
Wear safety glasses, if possible, to reduce exposure to ultraviolet radiation, which can cause cataracts.
Place some live plants next to your computer. Leaves can absorb infrared radiation.
Power plants
Power lines are very high voltage and emit electric and magnetic fields. How far is your home from power lines? The safe distance is about 1000 meters.
Substations can be located close to home and they emit very strong magnetic fields. The further your home is from any power plant or transformer, the better.
Scientific studies have found a link between the increased incidence of cancer and proximity to power lines. In another study, epidemiologist Dr. Nancy Wertheimer of the University of Colorado found that children living near power lines were three times more likely to develop leukemia and cancer. Children are more susceptible to the effects of EMFs.
Many other studies have confirmed their findings and found an increased risk of leukemia, lymphoma, brain tumors, brain and nervous system cancers. There is also evidence of a link between EMF and such phenomena as sudden infant death, fatigue, headaches, central nervous system disorder and wasting.
Dangers from the medical field
Diagnostic X-rays expose you to unnecessary radiation. A professor and director of medical physics in London wrote: "Medical exposure today makes the largest man-made contribution to the radiation load of the population of developed countries."
X-rays
X-rays of ionizing radiation cause irreparable damage to our body. There is no such thing as a "safe" X-ray. X-rays have more energy than light waves and can travel through the body. The radiation energy can damage cells in the body, which increases the risk of cancer. Even if the risk is quite low, it increases with the number of X-rays you receive over the course of your life.
CT (computed tomography) is a moving beam of X-rays that creates a three-dimensional image (for example, of the brain). And therefore, the dose of radiation received is much higher than that of a standard X-ray. Young children undergoing such an examination are at much greater risk.
Mammography
Ionizing radiation in mammography puts the body at great risk. The dose of radiation received is 1000 times greater than with a chest x-ray. The breast tissue is extremely susceptible to radiation. So you can see that mammography can trigger the development of breast cancer that women want to avoid with their yearly mammogram! Avoid this at all costs.
Dangers in the house
Most household electrical appliances also emit EMF, but this is much less hazardous.
Here is some of them:
Fluorescent lamp. Emits EMP of visible and ultraviolet light. Long-term exposure to a fluorescent lamp has been found to cause red blood cells to clump, reduce alertness, and feel tired. Always choose natural sunlight if possible.
An electric watch also emits electrical energy. Do not place them near your bed if possible.
Electric blankets create EMFs that can penetrate 6-7 inches into the body. Research has linked electric blankets to miscarriages and childhood leukemia.
Other electrical appliances that emit low-level EMF: hair dryer, electric shaver, vacuum cleaner, microwave oven, washing machine, dishwasher, refrigerator, etc.
Precautions to take at home:
Grow indoor plants. Plants are natural, eco-friendly air purifiers and their leaves can absorb infrared radiation.
Use electrical appliances for short periods. Turn off the power when not in use.
Move all electrical appliances at least 6 meters away from the bed.
Don't put your cell phone under the pillow as an alarm clock. It emits EMF even when not in use.
Limit the time your children spend watching TV and computers.
Minimize the use of electrical devices such as radios and microwaves. Turn off the power when not in use.
Now there is a lot of talk about electromagnetic radiation, which is inevitably exposed to any modern person, especially a resident of a large city. How does electromagnetic radiation affect the human body? How dangerous is it?
What is electromagnetic radiation (EMR)? This is a special form of matter, through which the interaction between electrically charged particles is carried out, a kind of intangible wave propagating in a medium, consisting of an electric and a magnetic component.
Sources of EMR
Sources that create an electromagnetic field can be both natural and artificial.
TO natural sources of electromagnetic radiation include constant electric and constant magnetic field of the Earth, electrical phenomena in the atmosphere (thunderstorms, lightning strikes), radio emission from the sun and stars, cosmic radiation.
Artificial sources of electromagnetic field can be conditionally divided into high and low level electromagnetic radiation sources. It should be noted that, first of all, the radiation level depends on the source power: the higher the power, the higher the radiation level. Near the source, the radiation level is maximal; with increasing distance from the source, the radiation level decreases.
Sources of high level EMR:
- overhead power lines (overhead lines, high and extra-high voltage transmission lines 4-1150 kV);
- electric transport: trams, trolleybuses, metro trains, etc. - and its infrastructure;
- transformer substations (TP);
- elevators;
- television stations;
- broadcasting stations;
- base stations of mobile radio communication systems (CS), primarily cellular.
Sources of relatively low levels of EMR:
- personal computers and video display terminals, slot machines, children's game consoles;
- household electrical appliances - refrigerators, washing machines, microwave ovens, air conditioners, hair dryers, televisions, electric kettles, irons, etc .;
- cellular, satellite and cordless radio telephones, personal radio stations;
- cable lines;
- some medical diagnostic, therapeutic and surgical equipment;
- power supply system of buildings.
The impact of EMR on the human body
The human body reacts both to changes in the natural geomagnetic field and to the effects of electromagnetic radiation from numerous and varied man-made sources. The body's response can vary with both increasing and decreasing exposure to EMR, in some cases leading to pronounced changes in health and genetic consequences.
Experimental data of both domestic and foreign researchers indicate a high biological activity of the electromagnetic field (EMF) in all frequency ranges. The biological effects of exposure to EMF on the human body depend on the frequency and wavelength of radiation, intensity of EMF, duration and frequency of exposure, combined and total exposure to EMF and other factors. The combination of the indicated parameters can give significantly different consequences in the reaction of the organism.
No less important is the localization of the impact - general or local, since with a general impact, the risk of negative consequences is higher. For example, the impact from power lines is general for the entire body, and the impact from a cell phone is local (on certain parts of the human body).
The effect of the interaction of EMF with the biological environment depends on the radiation dose. It is based on the transformation of field energy into heat; the mechanism that carries out such a transformation causes the rotation (movement) of the molecules. This leads to the emergence of various negative phenomena in the body.
It should be noted that our body is daily exposed to several different electromagnetic fields simultaneously or sequentially.
This effect affects primarily the nervous, immune, endocrine and reproductive systems, changes in the functions of which imply adverse consequences for the body.
The biological effect of EMF under conditions of long-term long-term exposure accumulates, as a result, the development of long-term consequences is possible, including degenerative processes of the central nervous system, blood cancer (leukemia), brain tumors, hormonal diseases.
EMF can be especially dangerous for children, pregnant women(in particular, for the embryo), people with diseases of the central nervous, hormonal, cardiovascular system, allergy sufferers, people with weakened immunity. Currently, specialists from the USA, Sweden, Denmark have carried out a number of studies within 150 m from substations, transformers, electric lines of railways and power lines, which have shown that with prolonged exposure to EMF, the risk of developing cancer in children, especially childhood leukemia, increases almost 4 times.
The influence of EMF on the human body
The earliest clinical manifestations of the consequences of exposure to electromagnetic radiation on a person are functional disorders of the nervous system. Persons who have been in the area of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) for a long time complain of weakness, irritability, rapid fatigability, weakening of memory, and sleep disturbance. Often, these symptoms are joined by disorders of autonomic functions (breathing, nutrition, gas exchange, excretory function), various disorders of the cardiovascular system. Usually, these changes occur in people who, by the nature of their work, were constantly under the influence of EMP with a sufficiently high intensity (power lines, electric transport, transformer substations, etc.).
Long-term repeated exposure above the maximum permissible EMI standards (especially in the decimeter wavelength range, for example, from television and radio broadcasting stations) can lead to mental disorders.
In the overwhelming majority of cases, exposure occurs with fields of relatively low levels (fields from industrial frequency objects: electrical wiring, household appliances; computers, cell phones): the consequences listed below refer to such cases.
Effect of EMF on the nervous system... A large number of studies carried out in Russia give reason to classify the nervous system as one of the most sensitive systems in the human body to the effects of EMF. In people who have contact with EMF, higher nervous activity changes, memory deteriorates. These individuals may have a tendency to develop stress reactions such as headaches, constant fatigue, mood swings, depression, skin rashes, sleep disturbances, and loss of appetite.
The nervous system of the embryo is highly sensitive to EMF. The risk of impaired formation of the fetal nervous system increases.
Effect of EMF on the immune system... When exposed to EMF, the processes of formation of immunity are disrupted, more often in the direction of their oppression. A change in protein metabolism can occur, a certain change in the composition of the blood is observed. It is possible for the body to form antibodies directed against its own tissues.
Effect of EMF on the endocrine system... In the works of Soviet scientists back in the 1960s, it was shown that under the action of EMF, as a rule, the most important endocrine gland located in the brain, the pituitary gland, was stimulated. This leads to an increase in the production of hormones from other glands - the adrenal glands, including the stress hormone - adrenaline, as a result of which the body adapts worse to the physical factors of the external environment (high air temperatures, lack of oxygen, etc.).
Influence of EMF on reproductive function... The sensitivity of the embryo to EMF is much higher than the sensitivity of the mother's body. Low-intensity EMF, which has a negative effect on the body of pregnant women, can cause premature birth, as well as various congenital pathologies in children. The most vulnerable periods are usually the early stages of embryo development. This primarily concerns women working in conditions of violated electromagnetic safety standards. Your workplace safety engineer must inform you of the electromagnetic safety standards for your workplace. First of all, it is worth taking care of safety for women working in industries serving powerful sources of electromagnetic radiation - antennas, locators, electrical substations, as well as in industries with a large number of equipment (machine tools, etc.).
Protection against electromagnetic radiation
How can you protect your family from such a negative impact? First, one should not forget that all the studies described and the negative consequences of exposure to EMF were given for cases of continuous long-term or periodic long-term exposure. It is also important to remember that the maximum harm is caused by combined and cumulative exposure from several sources. The general rule for all harmful effects: to weaken them as much as possible, to minimize the number of sources of exposure, to shorten the exposure time.
To protect the population in the Russian Federation, there is a sanitary and hygienic regulation of electromagnetic fields, based on many years of research and established by law. First of all, there should be a sanitary protection zone around the sources of the electromagnetic field, if necessary, measures should be taken to reduce the intensity of the electric field in residential buildings and in places where people may stay for a long time by using protective screens. The size of this zone is determined by law depending on the type of source. Within the sanitary protection zone, it is prohibited to: place residential and public buildings and structures; summer cottages and garden plots; arrange areas for parking and stops for all types of transport; to locate car service businesses.
Here are the simplest safety and preventive measures to protect against EMF.
Caution, power lines! Stay away from high voltage power lines. First of all, a sanitary protection zone should be set aside around the sources of the electromagnetic field of industrial frequency. The size of this zone is determined by law and is set depending on the voltage going along the power line, from 10 to 55 m. keep within a radius of 100-150 m. In this case, you should not be afraid of power lines running along the roads, since all studies speak of the dangers of prolonged exposure to EMF. So do not sunbathe on a forest clearing under a power line and have a picnic there with children. There is no need to cultivate beds directly under the line or within a radius of 150 m and equip garden plots there. After all, the permissible time spent in the zone of action of EMF from "high voltage" is only a few minutes. Do not buy summer cottage and garden plots under power lines, in the sanitary protection zone of power lines. If the site borders on the sanitary protection zone of the power transmission line, invite specialists from accredited laboratories to take measurements and determine a safe zone for long-term stay of people.
The same precautions are given for large transformer substations. If you have a small transformer substation booth in your yard, then it is better not to let the kid play within a radius of 10 m from it.
TV towers and transmitting radio technical objects of various nature... The same golden rule applies - we bypass it. It should be noted that these facilities, as a rule, have a much larger sanitary protection zone than power lines. In this case, we can talk about distances of 1.5-6 km.
Electric vehicles... The most dangerous zones in this case are located in the driver's cabins and near the edge of the platform. Therefore, while waiting for an electric train or a subway train, it is better to move away from the edge of the platform.
Appliances... Since in our homes, like a spider's web, electrical wiring runs everywhere, we constantly use household appliances, we must remember simple safety rules: distance the radiation source, minimize the number of sources, and reduce the exposure time. One of the main rules at home is not to turn on all household appliances at once: you should not create an electromagnetic storm. Whenever possible, use household appliances separately. For example, when vacuuming, turn off the TV.
By placing food in microwave and by pressing the "start" button, you can retreat into the room and wait a couple of minutes with the baby while the food is warming up.
Also, an electric kettle will perfectly cope with boiling water without your presence. Since it is not always possible to leave the room where household appliances work, it is better to place an electric kettle and a microwave oven at a distance of 0.5-1 m from the dining or cutting table.
Vacuum cleaner during cleaning, we, as a rule, hold by the hose and in the process we move quite far (more than 1 m) from the emitting body of the vacuum cleaner itself.
Compressor radiating element of conventional refrigerator is also far enough away from us to harm us. But you can, if necessary, put the dining table at a distance of more than 1 m from the refrigerator.
If Washer is not in a closet or bathroom, where you can easily wash when no one needs the room, practice washing while you are away.
Being within 2 m of a running washing machine is unsafe from the point of view of radiation - and it does not matter what the person is doing at that moment. Taking a shower or bath while the washing machine is running in the bathroom is also unsafe from an electrical safety point of view. When connecting the washing machine, the grounding conditions must be observed, this and all the rules for connecting are described in detail in the instructions for its use. To connect large household appliances (washing machine, stove, dishwasher), for your own safety, it is always better to invite a specialist.
Electric stove is also a source of industrial frequency EMP. When preparing food, do not forget that the higher the power, the greater the radiation level.Therefore, try not to use the maximum heating modes for the burners and ovens, choose medium power modes, and do not turn on all the burners and the oven at the same time.
Television it is important to look at a distance of no closer than 2-3 m, and of course, not to abuse the viewing time. Do not use the TV turned on as a "background" all day long.
Wiring... It is better if the electrical wiring is shielded, i.e. is made using special shielded cables with additional windings that prevent the spread of EMP outward, and goes along the floor than at a distance of 1-1.5 m from the floor, being just at the level of the sleeping person's head. You should not put sockets at the head of the bed with sconces permanently included in them. It is recommended to remove the bed for a night's rest from the sources of prolonged irradiation as much as possible, the distance to distribution cabinets, power cables should be 2.5-3 m, even if they are behind the wall. Therefore, when arranging furniture, look at the drawings of the house from the developer at the entrance to a new building or from the management company for houses that have been put into operation. If it is necessary to install underfloor heating, it is recommended to choose electrical systems with a reduced magnetic field level and multi-level insulation of the heating element of the cable or water underfloor heating system. To make the right choice, you need to compare the technical characteristics of the product.
Elevator... During the operation of the elevator, a very high intensity electromagnetic field is created. If possible, you should choose an apartment as far as possible from the elevator. If such an opportunity did not present itself, then you need to understand which room and wall in this room the elevator borders on. Do not put a bed against this wall, do not organize a workplace - arrange there, for example, a green corner.
Radio and cell phones... The harmful effects of EMP generated by both mobile and conventional radiotelephones depend on the power of the phone. More powerful phones have a more negative impact. There are studies that show an increased risk of brain cancer when a cell phone is abused (more than 3-5 minutes of continuous talk, more than 30 minutes a day). Other studies show increased fatigue, nervousness. But in the modern world, the mobile phone has long become a necessity. Therefore, simple rules are proposed to minimize the effect of electromagnetic radiation of this factor. Try to use a regular telephone at work and at home more often, albeit a radio, but its power is much less than a mobile one. Use a wired headset, thereby removing the radiation source. You should not use your cell phone as an alarm clock and put it nearby while you sleep, it is better to turn it off or keep it away. It is better to carry a mobile phone in a bag, not in a pocket.
Personal computers. Video display terminals... When placing computers in the office, please note that radiation emanates not only from the monitor, but also from the system unit.If the PCs stand one behind the other, then the minimum distance between them should be 2 m, if side by side - 1.2 m. should not fall into the radiation zone from the back of any monitor, since there it is maximum. It is important to choose a high-quality modern monitor that meets all safety standards. From the point of view of EMP, the LCD monitor is safer for the user, there is radiation in the electrical component from the wall, but it is less. The system unit and monitor should be as far away from you as possible. Do not leave your computer turned on for a long time when you are not using it. Also remember to use "sleep mode" for the monitor, as the radiation in this case is less.
Try to take breaks from work during which you need to be away from computers.
Game consoles are also a source of EMP.
It remains to say that poison differs from medicine only in dosage. So EMFs are successfully used in medicine for the treatment of many diseases, for example, various tumors, varicose veins, hypertension, treatment of diseases of the ENT organs and respiratory organs, for cosmetic purposes, for the treatment of inflammatory diseases of muscles, joints, peripheral nervous system, in the treatment of bruises , fractures, osteochondrosis of the spine, gynecological and urological diseases and many others. Therefore, the main thing is to be prudent and be careful.
Technological progress also has a downside. The global use of various electrical technology has led to pollution, which has been given the name - electromagnetic noise. In this article, we will consider the nature of this phenomenon, the degree of its impact on the human body and protective measures.
What is it and radiation sources
Electromagnetic radiation is electromagnetic waves that occur when a magnetic or electric field is disturbed. Modern physics interprets this process within the framework of the theory of particle-wave dualism. That is, the minimum portion of electromagnetic radiation is a quantum, but at the same time it has frequency-wave properties that determine its main characteristics.
The spectrum of frequencies of radiation of an electromagnetic field allows it to be classified into the following types:
- radio frequency (these include radio waves);
- thermal (infrared);
- optical (that is, visible to the eye);
- radiation in the ultraviolet spectrum and hard (ionized).
A detailed illustration of the spectral range (scale of electromagnetic radiation) can be seen in the figure below.
The nature of radiation sources
Depending on the origin, the sources of radiation of electromagnetic waves in world practice are usually classified into two types, namely:
- disturbances of the electromagnetic field of artificial origin;
- radiation from natural sources.
Radiation emanating from the magnetic field of the field around the Earth, electrical processes in the atmosphere of our planet, nuclear fusion in the bowels of the sun - all of them are of natural origin.
As for artificial sources, they are a side effect caused by the operation of various electrical mechanisms and devices.
The radiation emanating from them can be low-level and high-level. The degree of intensity of the radiation of the electromagnetic field depends entirely on the power levels of the sources.
Examples of sources with a high level of EMR are:
- Power lines are usually high-voltage;
- all types of electric transport, as well as the accompanying infrastructure;
- TV and radio towers, as well as mobile and mobile communication stations;
- installations for converting the voltage of the electrical network (in particular, waves emanating from a transformer or distribution substation);
- elevators and other types of lifting equipment where an electromechanical power plant is used.
Typical low-level radiation sources include the following electrical equipment:
- almost all devices with a CRT display (for example: a payment terminal or a computer);
- various types of household appliances, ranging from irons to climatic systems;
- engineering systems that provide electricity to various objects (this means not only the power cable, but related equipment, such as sockets and electricity meters).
Separately, it is worth highlighting the special equipment used in medicine, which emits hard radiation (X-ray machines, MRI, etc.).
Influence on a person
In the course of numerous studies, radiobiologists came to a disappointing conclusion - long-term radiation of electromagnetic waves can cause an "explosion" of diseases, that is, it causes the rapid development of pathological processes in the human body. Moreover, many of them introduce violations at the genetic level.
Video: How does electromagnetic radiation affect people.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FYWgXyHW93Q
This is due to the fact that the electromagnetic field has a high level of biological activity, which is negatively reflected in living organisms. The influence factor depends on the following components:
- the nature of the radiation produced;
- how long and with what intensity it lasts.
The impact on human health of radiation, which has an electromagnetic nature, directly depends on the localization. It can be both local and general. In the latter case, large-scale irradiation occurs, for example, radiation produced by power lines.
Accordingly, local exposure means exposure to specific areas of the body. Electromagnetic waves emanating from an electronic watch or mobile phone are a vivid example of local impact.
Separately, it is necessary to note the thermal effect of high-frequency electromagnetic radiation on living matter. The field energy is converted into thermal energy (due to the vibration of molecules), this effect is the basis for the work of industrial microwave emitters used to heat various substances. In contrast to the benefits in industrial processes, thermal effects on the human body can be detrimental. From the point of view of radiobiology, it is not recommended to be near "warm" electrical equipment.
It must be taken into account that in everyday life we are regularly exposed to radiation, and this happens not only at work, but also at home or when moving around the city. Over time, the biological effect accumulates and intensifies. With the growth of electromagnetic noise, the number of characteristic diseases of the brain or nervous system increases. Note that radiobiology is a fairly young science, therefore, the harm caused to living organisms from electromagnetic radiation has not been thoroughly studied.
The figure shows the level of electromagnetic waves produced by common household appliances.
Note that the field strength level decreases significantly over distance. That is, to reduce its effect, it is enough to move away from the source at a certain distance.
The formula for calculating the norm (rationing) of the radiation of the electromagnetic field is indicated in the corresponding GOST and SanPiNah.
Radiation protection
In production, absorbing (protective) screens are actively used as means of protection against radiation. Unfortunately, it is not possible to protect yourself from the radiation of an electromagnetic field with the help of such equipment at home, since it is not designed for this.
- in order to reduce the effect of radiation of an electromagnetic field to practically zero, you should move away from power lines, radio and TV towers at a distance of at least 25 meters (the power of the source must be taken into account);
- for a CRT monitor and TV, this distance is much less - about 30 cm;
- the electronic watch should not be placed close to the pillow, the optimal distance for it is more than 5 cm;
- for radios and cell phones, it is not recommended to bring them closer than 2.5 centimeters.
Note that many people know how dangerous it is to stand next to high-voltage power lines, but most people do not attach importance to ordinary household electrical appliances. Although it is enough to put the system unit on the floor or move it away, and you will protect yourself and your loved ones. We advise you to do this, and then measure the background from the computer using an electromagnetic field radiation detector in order to visually verify that it is decreasing.
This advice also applies to the placement of the refrigerator, many place it near the kitchen counter, practical but unsafe.
No table will be able to indicate the exact safe distance from a specific electrical equipment, since emissions can vary, both depending on the model of the device and the country of manufacture. At the moment, there is no single international standard, therefore, the norms may differ significantly in different countries.
You can accurately determine the radiation intensity using a special device - a fluxmeter. According to the standards adopted in Russia, the maximum allowable dose should not exceed 0.2 μT. We recommend that you take a measurement in an apartment using the above-mentioned device for measuring the degree of radiation of an electromagnetic field.
Fluxmeter - a device for measuring the degree of radiation of an electromagnetic field Try to reduce the time when you are exposed to radiation, that is, do not stay near working electrical devices for a long time. For example, it is not at all necessary to constantly stand in front of an electric stove or microwave oven while cooking. When it comes to electrical equipment, you may notice that warm does not always mean safe.
Always switch off unused electrical appliances. People often leave various devices turned on, not taking into account that at this time electromagnetic radiation emanates from electrical engineering. Turn off your laptop, printer or other equipment, it is unnecessary to be exposed to radiation unnecessarily, remember about your safety.
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