USSR Academy of Medical Sciences the highest medical scientific institution of the country. Established by a decree of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR on June 30, 1944 in connection with the need to plan and manage research in the field of theoretical medicine, their coordination in order to solve the problems set by practical healthcare. The USSR Academy of Medical Sciences includes research centers, research institutes and their branches, independent laboratories and research groups. The Presidium of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences has scientific councils and problem commissions to guide the scientific development of topical problems, select priority areas and coordinate scientific research. About 8 thousand researchers work in the institutions of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences, incl. 143 academicians and 183 corresponding members. Members of the Academy are also some foreign scientists with great achievements in the field of medical science. In its work, the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR is guided by the Main Directions for the Development of Public Health Protection and the Restructuring of Public Health in the USSR in the Twelfth Five-Year Plan and for the period up to the year 2000. In terms of restructuring the management of medical science, a transition to more modern and efficient financing of priority areas is planned. For this purpose, expert councils have been established at the Presidium of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences, the task of which is to determine on a competitive basis the most relevant research topics with their subsequent targeted funding. The main focus is on scientific research aimed at protecting the health of mother and child, at the prevention of cardiovascular, oncological, viral, neuropsychiatric diseases, solving the problems of immunology, transplantology, traumatology, at developing recommendations for improving medical and preventive care for the population. The USSR Academy of Medical Sciences renders scientific, organizational and consultative and methodological assistance to the institutions of the Ministry of Health of the USSR and the ministries of health of the Union republics. Scientists of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences obtained new data on the subtle mechanisms of the development of atherosclerosis, much has been done in the field surgical treatment diseases of the heart and blood vessels; highly sensitive immunological methods have been developed early diagnosis some malignant tumors and a number of anticancer drugs; research is being developed on the viral theory of the origin of leukemia; expanded work on organ transplantation; research is being carried out in the field of the epidemiology of infectious diseases, in particular on the pathogenesis and diagnosis of HIV infection; progress has been made in the further development of the doctrine of higher nervous activity and her pathological conditions; made a great contribution to the creation modern theory compensation for impaired functions, etc. The USSR Academy of Medical Sciences has extensive international scientific ties. In 1984 she was awarded the Order of Lenin by the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences for her great contribution to the development of medical science and public health. The Presidium of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences includes the Scientific and Practical Association "Medical Encyclopedia", scientific and experimental medical cinematography, and a fundamental library. The Central Museum of Medicine, scientific and technical and editorial and publishing councils, etc. The journals "Bulletin of the Academy of Medical Sciences", "Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine" are published.
1. Small medical encyclopedia. - M.: Medical Encyclopedia. 1991-96 2. First aid. - M.: Great Russian Encyclopedia. 1994 3. Encyclopedic Dictionary medical terms. - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia. - 1982-1984.
See what the "USSR Academy of Medical Sciences" is in other dictionaries:
- (Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR) the highest medical scientific institution of the USSR in 1944 91 (Moscow); in 1992 it was transformed into the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences ...
See article Russian Academy of Medical Sciences. * * * USSR ACADEMY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES USSR ACADEMY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES (USSR AMS), the highest medical scientific institution of the USSR in 1944 91 (Moscow); in 1992 it was transformed into the Russian Academy ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary
This term has other meanings, see Academy of Medical Sciences. The Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR (AMS of the USSR) is the highest medical scientific organization in the USSR, founded in 1944 under the People's Commissariat of Health of the USSR. Her successor is ... ... Wikipedia
Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR- ACADEMY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES OF THE USSR (AMN USSR), created. in 1944 as the highest. a piece of chalk. scientific institution in the SSSravni As early as 1943, the USSR People's Commissariat of Health developed organizational. questions, one time. a draft charter of the Academy of Medical Sciences was prepared. 30 Apr. 1944 Council of People's Commissars of the USSR decided ... ... Great Patriotic War 1941-1945: Encyclopedia
- (Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR) higher scientific medical institution, which unites the largest medical scientists. Founded in June 1944. Located in Moscow. As part of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences (as of November 1, 1969) 110 full members and 156 corresponding members Since 1961 ... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia
The term "Academy of Medical Sciences" may refer to one of the following organizations: Russian Academy of Medical Sciences (RAMS). Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR (AMN of the USSR). Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine (AMS of Ukraine) ... Wikipedia
This term has other meanings, see Academy of Medical Sciences. The Russian Academy of Medical Sciences (abbr. RAMS) is one of the industry state academies Sciences of the Russian Federation, a scientific center whose purpose is ... ... Wikipedia
One of the sectoral state academies of the Russian Federation, a research center whose purpose is to coordinate fundamental research in the field of medicine. It was established in 1944 under the People's Commissariat of Health as the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR. In 1992 ... ... Wikipedia
RAMS Established in 1944 under the People's Commissariat of Health of the USSR as the Academy of Medical Sciences (AMS) of the USSR, the highest governing body of medical science, on the basis of the All-Union Institute of Experimental Medicine named after A.M. Gorky (reorganized in 1932 Leningrad ... ... Moscow (encyclopedia)
It was established in 1944 under the People's Commissariat of Health of the USSR as the Academy of Medical Sciences (AMS) of the USSR - the highest governing body of medical science, on the basis of the All-Union Institute of Experimental Medicine named after A.M. Gorky (reorganized in 1932 Leningrad ... ... Moscow (encyclopedia)
- (RAMS) was established in 1991 on the basis of the reorganized Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR (founded in 1944) in Moscow. In 1994 St. 150 full members, St. 210 correspondent members, 25 foreign members. Unites 3 industry (clinical ... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary
Books
- The feat of the people, Bezugolny, Alexey Yurievich, and others, Abramov, Evgeny Petrovich. The book offered to the attention of readers tells about the friendship and cohesion of the peoples of the USSR as the most important spiritual factor and one of the sources of Victory in the Great Patriotic War, which became not ...
ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE USSR (AN USSR)- the highest scientific institution of the USSR, the largest center of world science. The Academy of Sciences of the USSR unites the most outstanding scientists of the country. It consists of full members (academicians), corresponding members, as well as foreign members of the Academy.
The Academy was founded in 1724 in St. Petersburg by decree of Peter I. Its first president (1725-1733) was Peter I's physician LL Blumentrost. During the initial period of the Academy's existence, it was dominated by invited foreign scientists; among them were the prominent scientists L. Euler, D. Bernoulli. In 1742, the great Russian scientist M. V. Lomonosov was elected to the Academy, who made a huge contribution to the development of a number of areas of science. In the 19th century, the Academy united around itself many outstanding scientists, such as P. L. Chebyshev, A. M. Butlerov, N. N. Beketov, K. M. Baer and others. In 1907, the great Russian physiologist IP Pavlov was elected to the Academy. The Academy played an important role in the dissemination of education in Russia, the development of national science, the study of the country's natural resources, and the training of scientific personnel. The names of many scientists who worked at the Academy are associated not only with individual outstanding achievements, but also with the creation of new directions in science. However, in the pre-revolutionary period, it did not have the material base for the broad, comprehensive development of scientific research; it did not include a single major research institute. The Academy had only a few small laboratories and museums. The representatives of the court circles were placed at the head of the Academy by the tsarist government. After the February Revolution of 1917, the Academy received the right to elect its president.
The Great October Socialist Revolution ushered in a new era in the development of domestic science and created favorable conditions for the development of the Academy's activities. Attaching great importance to science in building a new society, the Communist Party, the Soviet government, and V. I. Lenin personally showed constant concern for the development of scientific research at the Academy.
At the beginning of 1918, the General Meeting of the Academy expressed the readiness of scientists to conduct research necessary for the development of the country's economy. In April 1918, in the Outline of the Plan of Scientific and Technical Works, V. I. Lenin put forward a number of important national economic problems, the solution of which required the involvement of the scientific forces of the Academy. He included the study of the country's productive forces, the development of principles for their rational distribution and use, and the solution of problems associated with the rapid growth of the economy of the young Soviet Republic among such problems.
From the first years Soviet power Scientific institutions of a new type began to be created at the Academy - large scientific research institutes in the most important areas of science, whose activities were closely connected with the tasks of developing the socialist state. In 1925, the Academy was recognized as the country's highest scientific institution, it became known as the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (in the 18-19 centuries it was called the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences; from 1917 to 1925 - the Russian Academy of Sciences). Since 1933, the Academy of Sciences of the USSR has been directly subordinate to the Government (previously it was subordinate to the People's Commissariat of Education). In 1934, the USSR Academy of Sciences was transferred from Leningrad to Moscow. During the years of the first five-year plans, the network of scientific institutions of the Academy began to grow rapidly (in 1928 there were 8 institutes, and by 1941 their number increased to 47), its membership was significantly replenished, and ties with the practice of socialist construction were strengthened. In 1936, a number of institutes of a social and scientific profile entered the Academy. In the 1930s, research bases and branches of the Academy began to be created in the national republics, in a number of territories and regions. On the basis of these bases and branches, republican academies of sciences subsequently grew up in most of the Union republics. Following Lenin's instructions on strengthening the ties between science and the national economy, Soviet scientists made a great contribution to the industrialization of the country, the socialist transformation Agriculture, the implementation of five-year plans. During the Great Patriotic War, the Academy research work associated with the improvement of military equipment, the search for new raw materials, contributed in every possible way to the defeat of the enemy.
In the postwar years, the network of scientific institutions of the Academy and Academy of Sciences of the Union republics began to grow rapidly; the work of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR contributed to the restoration and further development of the national economy. During this period, the Academy played a major role in solving major scientific and technical problems, primarily the problems of mastering nuclear energy and space exploration. Under the Presidium of the USSR Academy of Sciences, a Council for the Coordination of scientific activity academies of sciences of the Union republics. In 1957, the Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences was organized, and in the late 60s, the Far Eastern and Ural Scientific Centers. During the period of communist construction, the USSR Academy of Sciences faced new responsible tasks. Important measures were taken to enhance the role of the Academy in the development of fundamental research as a decisive condition for accelerating scientific and technological progress.
The USSR Academy of Sciences is the largest center for the development of fundamental research in the natural and social sciences in the country. The main tasks of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, in accordance with its Charter, are the development of research in the field of natural and social sciences, the conduct of scientific research directly related to the demands of practice, the identification of fundamentally new opportunities for technological progress and the promotion of the fullest use of the achievements of science in practice.
The USSR Academy of Sciences exercises general scientific direction of research in the natural and social sciences in the country. It directs and coordinates the work of scientists in the development of mathematics, mechanics, physics, chemistry, biology, earth and universe sciences, and some problems of modern technology.
Research carried out at the USSR Academy of Sciences in the field of social sciences makes a great contribution to the development of culture, to the formation of the Marxist-Leninist worldview. The 24th Congress of the CPSU gave a high appraisal of the contribution of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR to the acceleration of technological progress, to the development of the economy and the strengthening of the country's defense capability, emphasizing that the most important condition for the successful building of communism at the present stage is the further development of science, the combination of the achievements of the scientific and technological revolution with the advantages of the socialist system.
For outstanding services in the development of Soviet science and culture, in strengthening the economic and defense power of the country, the Academy of Sciences of the USSR in 1969 was awarded the Order of Lenin. In 1974, in connection with the 250th anniversary - the second Order of Lenin and the Order of Georgy Dimitrov (NRB).
The governing bodies of the USSR Academy of Sciences are created through elections. Its supreme body is the General Assembly of the Academy. It discusses the development of science in the country and determines the direction of scientific research, decides the main organizational issues of the Academy, and elects members of the Academy. To manage its activities, the General Assembly elects for 4 years the Presidium of the Academy, consisting of the president, 6 vice-presidents, the chief scientific secretary of the Presidium, academic secretaries of departments and other members of the Presidium. From 1917 to 1936, A.P. Karpinsky was the president of the Academy, from 1936 to 1945 - V.L. Komarov, from 1945 to 1951 - S.I. Vavilov, from 1951 to 1961 - A.N. Nesmeyanov. Since 1961 M. V. Keldysh has been the President of the USSR Academy of Sciences.
The Academy of Sciences of the USSR has 16 specialized departments uniting its members in the corresponding fields of science. The work of the departments and scientific institutions of the Academy is managed by four sections of the Presidium.
1. Section of physical, technical and mathematical sciences with departments: mathematics; general physics and astronomy; nuclear physics; physical and technical problems of energy; mechanics and control processes.
2. Section of chemical-technological and biological sciences with departments: general and technical chemistry; physical chemistry and technology of inorganic materials; biochemistry, biophysics and chemistry physiologically active compounds; physiology; general biology.
3. Section of Earth Sciences with departments: geology, geophysics and geochemistry; oceanology, atmospheric physics and geography.
4. Section of social sciences with departments: history; philosophy and law; economy; literature and language.
The Siberian Branch, the Ural and the Far Eastern Scientific Centers of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR unite members of the Academy who work in scientific institutions in Siberia, the Urals, and the Far East, respectively, and which are part of the departments of the Academy in their specialty. The Academy of Sciences of the USSR also has branches: Bashkir, Dagestan, Kazan, Karelian, Kola im. S. M. Kirov, Komi, and the Siberian branch - Buryat, East Siberian and Yakut branches.
MEDICAL SCIENTISTS ARE FULL MEMBERS OF THE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
| Full Name | Life dates | Speciality | Year of election to the Academy |
|---|---|---|---|
| Blumentrost L. L. | 1692-1755 | The medicine | 1725 |
| Duvernoix I. G. | 1691-1759 | Anatomy, surgery and zoology | 1725 |
| Weitbrecht I. | 1702-1747 | Physiology | 1725 |
| Bernoulli D. | 1700-1782 | Physiology | 1725 |
| Vilde I. X. | Unknown | The medicine | 1736 |
| Boerhave-Kaau A. | 1715-1758 | Anatomy and Physiology | 1747 |
| Kleinfeld M. | ?-1761 | The medicine | 1748 |
| Wolf C.F. | 1734-1794 | Anatomy and Physiology | 1767 |
| Protasov A.P. | 1724-1796 | Anatomy | 1771 |
| Zagorsky P. A. | 1764-1846 | Anatomy and Physiology | 1807 |
| Baer K. M. | 1792-1876 | Zoology, anatomy and physiology | 1828 |
| Ovsyannikov F.V. | 1827-1906 | Anatomy and Physiology | 1862 |
| Pavlov I.P. | 1849-1936 | Comparative anatomy and physiology | 1907 |
| Gulevich B.C. | 1867-1933 | Physiology | 1929 |
| Zabolotny D.K. | 1866-1929 | The medicine | 1929 |
| Orbeli L. A. | 1882-1958 | Physiology | 1935 |
| Ukhtomsky A. A. | 1875-1942 | Physiology | 1935 |
| Abrikosov A.I. | 1875-1955 | pathological anatomy | 1939 |
| Averbakh M.I. | Ophthalmology | 1872-1944 | 1939 |
| Anichkov N. N. | 1885-1964 | pathological physiology | 1939 |
| Beritashvili I. S. | Genus. 1885 | Physiology | 1939 |
| Burdenko N. N. | 1876-1946 | Surgery | 1939 |
| Pavlovsky E. N. | 1884-1965 | Zoology | 1939 |
| Skryabin K.I. | 1878-1972 | Helminthology | 1939 |
| Speransky A. D. | 1888-1961 | pathological physiology | 1939 |
| Stern L.S. | 1878-1968 | Physiology | 1939 |
| Spasokukotsky S.I. | 1870-1943 | The medicine | 1942 |
| Strazhesko N. D. | 1876-1952 | The medicine | 1943 |
| Bykov K. M. | 1886-1952 | Physiology | 1946 |
| Engelgardt V. A. | Genus. 1894 | Biochemistry, molecular biology | 1953 |
| Bakulev A. N. | 1890-1967 | The medicine | 1958 |
| Chernigovsky V. N. | Genus. 1907 | Physiology | 1960 |
| Braunstein A. E. | Genus. 1902 | Biochemistry | 1964 |
| Anokhin P.K. | 1898-1974 | Physiology nervous system | 1966 |
| Krepe E. M. | Genus. 1899 | Physiology, biochemistry | 1966 |
| Parin V.V. | 1903-1971 | Physiology of circulation | 1966 |
| Petrovsky B.V. | Genus. 1908 | Surgery | 1966 |
| Severin S. E. | Genus. 1901 | Medical, technical biochemistry | 1968 |
| Timakov V. D. | Genus. 1905 | The medicine | 1968 |
| Livanov M. N. | Genus. 1907 | Physiology | 1970 |
As of April 1, 1974, the Academy included 237 academicians, 439 corresponding members, including 8 academicians and 3 corresponding members elected from among full members and corresponding members of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences. The USSR Academy of Sciences also includes foreign scientists who are elected foreign members for their great scientific merits. Such outstanding scientists as C. Darwin, L. Pasteur, T. Huxley were elected foreign corresponding members of the Academy. In the 50-70s of the 20th century, medical scientists were elected as foreign members of the USSR Academy of Sciences: K. Parkon (SRR), K. Motes (GDR), W. G. Penfield (Canada), I. Rusnyak (Hungary), K. Shishka (Czechoslovakia), D. Blašković (Czechoslovakia), S. Ochoa (USA), and others. The table lists medical scientists who have been elected full members of the Academy since its foundation.
Scientific research is carried out in 247 (1973) scientific institutions of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, which employ about 40 thousand researchers (including about 2.7 thousand doctors and more than 15 thousand candidates of science). The USSR Academy of Sciences has about 200 scientific councils - scientific advisory bodies on the most important problems of the natural and social sciences.
The USSR Academy of Sciences awards inscribed gold medals and prizes to scientists for outstanding scientific work and discoveries.
The publishing activity of the Academy is carried out under the direction of the Editorial and Publishing Council of the Academy, mainly on the basis of the Nauka publishing house. In addition to books, the Academy publishes 153 journals (1972).
The Academy of Sciences of the USSR maintains extensive ties with foreign and international scientific organizations, is a member of many international scientific organizations, and actively participates in major international scientific events (International Geophysical Year, research in the Antarctic, the World Ocean; space research, etc.). The Academy concludes agreements on joint scientific research with academies of sciences and scientific institutions of other countries.
Research on the problems of medicine and related fields of knowledge, as well as on the creation of medical equipment and drugs, is carried out in scientific institutions of the section of chemical-technological and biological sciences, mainly in institutes of a biological profile. Communication and coordination of research with the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR on such problems is carried out by the biological departments of the Academy, the corresponding scientific institutions and scientific councils of the Academy. Research important for medical science is being conducted jointly with the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR and the Ministry of Health of the USSR for general plans and programs. In particular, research programs are being developed on complex problems related to the further development of the scientific foundations for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases and neuropsychiatric disorders, with the study of higher nervous activity. Together with the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, scientific conferences and meetings on topical problems of medicine are held. Not only the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, the Ministry of Health of the USSR, but also the academies of sciences of the union republics, and in a number of cases the academies of sciences of the socialist countries, take part in the development of research under joint programs.
Bibliography: Lenin V.I. Complete works, ed. 5, vol. 36, p. 228, M., 1962; 220 years of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1725-1945, Vesti. USSR Academy of Sciences, No. 5-6, 1945; History of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, ed. K. V. Ostrovityanova, vol. 1-2, M.-L., 1958-1964; Keldysh M. V. Multinational Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the development of science, in the book: USSR and science, ed. M. V. Keldysh, p. 7, Moscow, 1972; Knyazev G.A. and Koltsov A.V. Brief essay on the history of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, M.-L., 1964; Petrov B. D. Physicians at the Academy of Sciences (to the 250th anniversary of the Academy), Sov. health care, No. 5, p. 60, 1974; Charter of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, M., 1970.
V. D. Timakov.
Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR(Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR), the highest scientific medical institution, uniting the most prominent medical scientists. Founded in June 1944. Located in Moscow. As of November 1, 1969, the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR had 110 full members and 156 correspondent members. Since 1961, foreign members have been elected to the Academy. President of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences - V. D. Timakov (since 1968).
The main tasks of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences: scientific development of the main problems of the theory and practice of medicine, organization of joint scientific research of scientific institutions of the Academy of Medical Sciences with scientific institutions of foreign countries, training of highly qualified scientists in the field of medical and biological sciences.
The supreme governing body of the academy is the General Meeting of Full Members and Corresponding Members, convened at least once a year. In the period between sessions of the General Meeting, all activities of the Academy are managed by the Presidium of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences (9 people), elected by the General Meeting for a period of 4 years.
The academy consists of three departments. 1) Department of hygiene, microbiology and epidemiology with 7 institutes: Virology named after. D. I. Ivanovsky, occupational health and occupational diseases, general and communal hygiene. A. N. Sysina, nutrition, poliomyelitis and viral encephalitis, on the discovery of new antibiotics, epidemiology and microbiology. N. F. Gamalei. 2) Branch clinical medicine with 13 institutes: obstetrics and gynecology, gerontology, cardiology. A. L. Myasnikov, Medical Radiology, Neurology, Neurosurgery. N. N. Burdenko, pediatrics, psychiatry, rheumatism, cardiovascular surgery. A. N. Bakuleva, surgery. A. V. Vishnevsky, experimental and clinical oncology organ and tissue transplantation laboratory and the organ and tissue transplantation laboratory. 3) Department of Biomedical Sciences with 9 institutes: Biological and Medicinal Chemistry, Brain, Human Morphology, Normal and Pathological Physiology, Pharmacology and Chemotherapy, Medical. genetics, experimental medicine, experimental pathology and therapy, experimental endocrinology and hormonal chemistry and laboratories - allergological, experimental biological models, experimental physiology for the revitalization of the body and immunobiology.
The Academy awards 28 nominal prizes established under it for outstanding scientific works and discoveries in the field of medicine. It publishes the following journals: Bulletin of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences (since 1946) and Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine (since 1936).
Presidents of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences: 1944-46 - Burdenko N. N. 1946-53 - Anichkov N. N. 1953-60 - Bakulev A. N. 1960-68 - Blokhin N. N. Since 1968 - Timakov V. D.
Lit.:"Bulletin of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences", No. 9, 1964; Charter of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences, M., 1966.
V. D. Timakov.
USSR Academy of Medical Sciences(Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR) - the highest medical scientific institution of the country. Established by a decree of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR of June 30, 1944 in connection with the need to plan and manage research in the field of theoretical medicine, their coordination in order to solve the problems set by practical healthcare.
The supreme governing body of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences - general meeting(session) of members of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences, and between sessions - the Presidium of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences, elected for a period of 5 years. The Presidium consists of the president, three vice-presidents, chief scientific secretary, academic secretaries of departments and members of the Presidium. Academician N.N. Burdenko (1944-1946) was the first president of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences. The presidents of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences were academicians N.N. Anichkov (1946-1953), A.N. Bakulev (1953-1960), N.N. 1977). Since 1987, Academician of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences V.I. Pokrovsky has been the President of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences.
The USSR Academy of Medical Sciences has departments: medical and biological sciences; clinical medicine; hygiene, epidemiology and microbiology. These departments are scientific and scientific-organizational centers that unite scientists in the relevant branches of medicine and areas of research. With the aim of developing medical science in Siberia, the Far East and the Far North, the Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences, the East Siberian Branch, and the Tomsk Scientific Center were organized.
The USSR Academy of Medical Sciences includes research centers, research institutes and their branches, independent laboratories and research groups. The Presidium of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences has scientific councils and problem commissions to guide the scientific development of topical problems, select priority areas and coordinate scientific research. About 8 thousand researchers work in the institutions of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences, incl. 143 academicians and 183 corresponding members. Members of the Academy are also some foreign scientists with great achievements in the field of medical science.
In its work, the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR is guided by the Main Directions for the Development of Public Health Protection and the Restructuring of Public Health in the USSR in the Twelfth Five-Year Plan and for the period up to the year 2000. In terms of restructuring the management of medical science, a transition to more modern and efficient financing of priority areas is planned. For this purpose, expert councils have been established at the Presidium of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences, the task of which is to determine on a competitive basis the most relevant research topics with their subsequent targeted funding. The main attention is paid to scientific research aimed at protecting the health of mother and child, the prevention of cardiovascular, oncological, viral, neuropsychiatric diseases, solving the problems of immunology, transplantology, traumatology, and developing recommendations for improving medical and preventive care for the population. The USSR Academy of Medical Sciences renders scientific, organizational and consultative and methodological assistance to the institutions of the Ministry of Health of the USSR and the ministries of health of the Union republics.
Scientists from the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR obtained new data on the subtle mechanisms of the development of atherosclerosis, much has been done in the field of surgical treatment of diseases of the heart and blood vessels; highly sensitive immunological methods for the early diagnosis of certain malignant tumors and a number of antitumor drugs have been developed; research is being developed on the viral theory of the origin of leukemia; expanded work on organ transplantation; research is being carried out in the field of the epidemiology of infectious diseases, in particular on the pathogenesis and diagnosis of HIV infection; progress has been made in the further development of the theory of higher nervous activity and its pathological conditions; a great contribution was made to the creation of a modern theory of compensation for impaired functions, etc. The USSR Academy of Medical Sciences has extensive international scientific ties. In 1984 she was awarded the Order of Lenin by the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences for her great contribution to the development of medical science and public health.
The Presidium of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences includes the Scientific and Practical Association "Medical Encyclopedia", the department of scientific and experimental medical cinematography, and the fundamental library. The Central Museum of Medicine, scientific and technical and editorial and publishing councils, etc. The journals "Bulletin of the Academy of Medical Sciences", "Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine" are published.
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The book is a kind of "trigger mechanism" for consciousness, which begins to work. And this is the most important effect, since any change begins with the energy of thought. Since the first publication of the book, there have been many changes both in the country and in the world. And the author, being a creative person, also changed and improved along with the era, confirming his methodology with fruitful practice. Today we present you a new, revised and expanded version of the legendary book. Read and be healthy!
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The Fool's Experience, or the Key to Enlightenment. How to get rid of glasses
you hold in your hands unusual book. This is not just a guide to accelerated learning to restore vision, not just a treatise on philosophy for a chronically ill loser, but rather a guide to action. Here is revealed a system recognized by the International Association of Independent Experts as the most effective alternative health systems known in 1998. It is difficult to determine the genre of this book. Maybe because it just doesn't exist yet.
Its author is Mirzakarim Norbekov. - bright and strong personality. He is a warrior of light, goodness, love, walking along a difficult path of service - he leads all those whose soul is alive, who experience a colossal inner craving for self-knowledge.
It is absolutely certain that this book will not leave anyone indifferent. Not a single person! For some, it will cause hostility and aggression, and someone behind an unusual form will discover something true and secret. In a word. You are holding a test book in your hands to determine the ability to read between the lines, see through the eyes of the heart and discover the deep essence of things.
What is this book about
Our brain in adulthood not only does not fade, but also retains the ability to learn and develop - this is a proven modern science fact. An interesting, active and healthy old age, which everyone dreams of, is quite achievable today. Practicing psychotherapist Henry Emmons and neuropsychologist David Alter talk about unique brain-healing techniques, mind-altering exercises, and the rules to follow to meet each new day with enthusiasm. From the book you will learn how exercise stress affects brain health, emotions and energy; how to deal with sleep problems; How does proper nutrition affect brain function? how to set yourself up in a positive way and about many other ways that will allow you to be active and happy in old age.
Why the book is worth reading
The authors are doctors of sciences who approach the problem in a complex way, linking together the achievements of Western medicine and supplementing them with practices of healing the body and mind.
All recommendations in the book are based on the fundamental discoveries of neuroscience over the past 15 years.
The book teaches you how to age properly and helps you enter the second half of life fully armed, with joy and without fear.
Who are the authors
Henry Emmons - Popular lecturer and respected expert in areas such as integrating natural therapies and mindfulness practices into psychiatry, the relationship between spirituality and mental health, and personal and professional renewal.
David Alter, MD, is a psychiatrist who uses psychophysiological techniques, natural therapies, and mindfulness practices in his professional clinical practice. Develops integrative (holistic) approaches to the treatment of common mental health disorders such as depression and anxiety.
Following the results of the military campaigns of 1939-1940. Significant changes were made to the staffing and organizational structure of the medical service, including the creation of the Main Military Sanitary Directorate of the Red Army, which was headed by Efim Ivanovich Smirnov (later Colonel General of the Medical Service, Academician of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences). In May 1941 unified forms of personal records of the wounded and sick, statistical reporting on their movement and outcomes of treatment were put into effect, and a staff of chief specialists in medical fields was created.
The war, which began on June 22, 1941, from the first days revealed such problems that the military medical service had to deal with for the first time. This is not only the rescue of the wounded, but the urgent evacuation of hospitals for various purposes with hundreds of thousands of beds to the east, these are medical and sanitary tasks, organizational issues, and much more.
The medical service suffered significant personnel losses. The issue of replenishing the medical service of the army with doctors - specialists, orderlies - instructors and orderlies, the issue of organizing the supply of everything necessary was acute.
The whole complex of measures had to be carried out in the conditions of the mass retreat of the Soviet troops (1941-42).
June 30, 1941 "Instruction on the supply of medical equipment in the army" was approved.
In February 1942, a unified military field medical
doctrine.
1. all gunshot wounds are primary infected;
2. the only reliable method of combating infection of gunshot wounds is the primary treatment of wounds;
3. most of the wounded need early surgical treatment;
4. the wounded, subjected to in the first hours of injury surgical treatment give the best prediction.
The main task of the medical service was to sort the wounded coming from the battlefield to the dressing stations.
One of the most striking indicators of the organization of the field medical service, which was of paramount importance for all subsequent surgical work, was the time of arrival of the wounded after being wounded at the regimental medical station (PMP), where he was provided with first medical aid. The main requirement for the medical service was to ensure the arrival of all the wounded at the field medical station within 6 hours after the injury and at the medical battalion - up to 12 hours. If the wounded were detained in the company sector or in the area of the battalion first-aid post and arrived after the named dates, then this was considered as a lack of organization of medical care on the battlefield. Optimal time for the provision of primary surgical care to the wounded in the medical battalion, a period of six to eight hours after the injury was considered.
Irretrievable losses of medical and paramedical staff in 1941-1942. amounted to 11.5 thousand people. The loss of medical instructors and orderlies amounted to 22,217 people.
On the Western Front, 90% of doctors went missing, on the South-Western Front - over 90% - during this period.
The main "forge of personnel" for the military medical service was the Military Medical Academy named after S.M. Kirov. Military doctors who underwent improvement in it, and students who received special military medical knowledge during the training period, formed the backbone of the leadership and medical staff of the medical service of the Red Army. Within its walls, 1829 military doctors were trained and sent to the front. At the same time, in 1941, 2 early graduations were made at the academy. Since 1942, the Moscow Dental Institute has been restoring the training of dentists. This branch of medicine was in great demand at the fronts. Of particular importance is the treatment of maxillofacial wounds.
Surgery and anesthesiology.
At the front and in the rear, the method of local anesthesia developed by A.V. Vishnevsky - it was used in 85-90% of cases.
Approbation of penicillin and treatment of septic processes was developed under the guidance of Professor Ivan Guryevich Rufanov.
Zinaida Vissarionovna Ermolyeva, received the first Soviet penicillin in 1942 and subsequently actively participated in organizing the industrial production of antibiotics.
Professor Alexander Nikolaevich Bakulev proposed radical surgical treatment of craniocerebral wounds with the imposition of a blind suture, regardless of the timing of the surgical intervention. Among his wartime scientific works: "Surgeon's Tactics in Wounds with Foreign Bodies", "Treatment of Brain Abscesses in Gunshot Wounds of the Skull", "Treatment of Gunshot Wounds of the Spine and Spinal Cord" and a number of others.
F.I. Mashansky, "Replacement of gunshot nerve defects" 1942.
Hundreds of reconstructive operations for injuries of the maxillofacial region were carried out by the director of the Moscow State Institute of Civil Engineering, Professor A.I. Evdokimov.
Among the anti-epidemic measures, the main role belonged to the timely diagnosis of diseases, isolation of patients and their treatment on the spot, in the areas of occurrence, bathing and laundry and disinfection services for the troops and the population, sanitary and epidemiological intelligence, specific immunoprophylaxis of typhoid fever and dysentery.
Sanitary checkpoints were set up in the army to fight epidemics. Polyvaccine NIISI solved the most difficult task of military medicine - a single vaccination against seven infections at the same time.
As a result of attention to the above problems, their solution by medical services during the war, 90.6% of all sick soldiers and officers were returned to the active army.
Many decisions in the development of science were the result of the creation in June 1944 of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR. 60 academicians were elected to its first composition.
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