Municipal budgetary educational institution

G. Astrakhan "Secondary school number 27"

Research project

Kutlambetova Camilla

Nasanbaeva Elvira

Abakumova Ksenia

Head: Olga Menalieva

Alexandrovna

Content

Introduction. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 3

Main part. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... eight

Nadezhda Andreevna Durova. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... eight

Vasilisa Kozhina. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... eleven

Praskovya the Lacemaker. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 12

Margarita Mikhailovna Tuchkova. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .fourteen

Conclusion. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .19

Bibliography. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 21

Introduction

The history of Russia is rich in significant events. The Patriotic War of 1812 was a war between Russia and the invading army of Napoleon Bonaparte. The war ended with the complete destruction of the Napoleonic army. Main role in the victory over the invaders, the Russian people played, who stood up to defend the Fatherland.

In this regard, my teacher and I decided to find out if our peers knew about her. To do this, we used one of the methods of collecting information - a questionnaire. A total of 69 fourth and third graders took part in the survey.

The survey revealed the following results:

Do you know anything about the war of 1812?

Out of 69 students, only 27 people answered this question in the affirmative.

Then we asked these guys to answer the following question:

From what sources do you know this information:

Fiction

mass media

Parents

Three children learned about this from the literature (11.1%). 10 people - from the media (37%), and the remaining 14 people - from their parents (51.8)

Next question was addressed to all students. He was like this:

Name the Russian generals who took part in the war of 1812?

Know (17 people - 24.6%), do not know (42 people - 75.4%)

Of 17 people, only 12 wrote the correct surnames.

The answers to the proposed questions turned out to be deplorable. But we, the young generation, should know about the heroic past of our Motherland. After all, without the past there is no present and future.

The first thing we decided to do after the survey was conducted was to help our teachers spend a class hour ..

From this class hour, we learned that this victory was over a worthy enemy, over the strongest army in the world, led by the generally recognized military genius of all times and peoples, Napoleon.Bonaparte Emperor of the French. Napoleon was born in 1769. Since childhood, he was considered a strong-willed and strong-willed person, as well as a very developed and capable person. His military career began quite early: at the age of 27, he was appointed to the post of commander-in-chief of the Italian army. Before Bonaparte became emperor, he staged a coup in the country and became consul at the age of 30. While in this position, he also served the people a lot: he established merchant shipping, social relations between France and the allied countries, with which he successfully established economic relations. France became stronger, people began to look to the future with confidence.

The defeat of Napoleon's troops in the war of 1812 against Russia marked the beginning of the collapse of the empire of Napoleon I. Soon, the entry of the troops of the anti-French coalition in Paris in 1814 forced Napoleon I to abdicate. However, later (in March 1815) he again took the French throne. After the defeat at Waterloo, Napoleon abdicated the throne for the second time (June 22, 1815) and last years spent his life on Saint Helena as a prisonerEnglishmen.

And from the speeches of our classmates, we learned about the great strategists - the commanders of the war of 1812. Such as Mikhail Illarionovich - Kutuzov (Golenishchev), Pyotr Ivanovich Bagration, Mikhail Bogdanovich Barclay - de Tolly.

At the end of the class hour, the teacher invited us to read books about the war of 1812.

While rereading the literature about the war of 1812, we came across a book by Irina Strelkova "To the Glory of the Fatherland". Leafing through the pages of this book, we were more and more surprised. Our surprise was due to the fact that in our minds the war was always considered a man's business, but here from the pages of the book the lovely female, still childish face of Nadezhda Durova was looking at us. We wondered why this very young girl took up arms? Who else from the women, like Nadezhda Durova, rose to defend their homeland?

In this regard, we have chosen the theme of our research work - "Women - Heroes of the Patriotic War of 1812".

Object of study : women who took an active part in the war of 1812.
Subject of study : Rrole of women in the war of 1812, their contribution to the victory of the Russian people over the army of Napoleon.

The research is based onhypothesis: Is it only with the unity of the entire people against the enemy that victory comes.

Purpose of work: nfind information about the legendary women who participated in those distant events of 1812, and tell your friends and classmates about them.

To achieve this goal, the following are set.tasks:

1) analyze the studied literature on the topic;

2) find out the names of women - participants in the war;

3) provide information on this topic in the form of a presentation.

We believe that the topic of our research is relevant. Indeed, along with the heroes commanding the armies, whose names we now knew, there were other legendary heroes - women,who played an important role in Russian history.

Main part

« Women make history, although history remembers only the names of men ... "wroteHeinrich Heine.

The poet sincerely admired the courage and dedication of women, who are capable of acting in a critical situation with self-discipline and independence. Indeed, Russian women are able to protect not only the well-being of their family hearth, but also their homeland. There are many examples of this in Russian history.

Nadezhda Andreevna Durova

Nadezhda's childhood years were not carefree. The mother really wanted a son, but on September 17, 1783, a girl was born and she took a dislike to her daughter. The father entrusted the upbringing of his daughter to servants. So the retired hussar Astakhov became a nanny for little Nadia, he could not captivate the girl with anything, but only the romance of military service. From early childhood, Nadya fell in love with the beauty and freedom of military service, got used to horses, looked after them with pleasure, and felt weapons.

At the age of 12, my father gave Nadia a horse. Nadia fell in love with him so much that she was ready to spend every minute with him. Alcides, as the horse was called, obeyed the girl in everything. Her father began to take her with him on long walks on horseback. « I will become, father, a real son to you. I will become a warrior and prove that a woman's fate can be different ... ”- she once promised her father.

In 1806, on her birthday, Nadezhda finally decided to change her fate. She cut her hair, took an old Cossack dress prepared in advance, took off her father's saber from the wall and at night, with her Alcides, fled from her home. Once in the Cossack regiment, she called herself the noble son of Alexander Sokolov, who was not allowed to go to war. Under the name of Alexander Sokolov, in 1807, she joined the Konnopolsk Uhlan regiment and set out with him on a campaign in Prussia.

Alexander Sokolov, despite his youth, showed excellent success on the battlefield, entered the battle first and got out of all sorts of military alterations safe and sound.

The father, concerned about the fate of his daughter, submits a petition to the highest name of the emperor with a request to find his daughter and return home.

Emperor AlexanderIhe himself was surprised by this act and ordered to send a courier to Prussia to deliver this Alexander Sokolov, without revealing his name to anyone. Ulan was taken to St. Petersburg. In his service record, the emperor was surprised to read about the excellent fighting qualities of the young officer. Talking to this young lancer,

Alexander at first thought to return Nadezhda to his home, but surprised by her so ardent desire, the emperor changed his mind.

Russian Emperor AlexanderIpersonally awarded Nadezhda Durova with the St.George Cross for saving the life of an officer on the battlefield. He ordered to be named after him Aleksandrov.

Soon the thunder of the Patriotic War of 1812 struck, French troops under the command of Napoleon invaded Russia. Departing with battles, the Russian army moved towards Moscow. The regiment in which Nadezhda served, among the best cavalry regiments, covered the retreating army. Cornet Aleksandrov takes part in the battles at Mir, Romanov, Dashkovka, in the horse attack at Smolensk.

August 26, 1812 Borodino village (110 km from Moscow). Here the decisive battle took place between the French army of Napoleon I and the Russian army under the command of M.I.Kutuzov. The battle was fierce and bloody.

During the Battle of Borodino, Aleksandrov was on the front line, rushing into the thick of the battle. In one of the battles, a bullet scratched his shoulder, and shell fragments hit his leg. The pain was unbearable, but Durova remained in the saddle until the end of the battle.

The quick lieutenant was noticed by Kutuzov, he had heard about the exploits of the ulan and knew that a brave woman was hiding under this name, but did not pretend that he knew this secret. And Nadezhda began a new service in the role of Kutuzov's orderly. Several times a day, under enemy fire, she hurried to the commanders. Kutuzov could not get enough of such an orderly.

The wounds of the Battle of Borodino constantly worried Nadezhda, prevented her from serving. Durova takes leave for treatment, and spends it in her home. After the end of her vacation, Nadezhda and her regiment took part in the foreign campaigns of the Russian army.

In 1816, Nadezhda Andreevna Durova retired with honors and awards.

Durova spent the rest of her life in a small house in the city of Elabuga, surrounded by her favorite animals. Nadezhda Durova died in 1866 at the age of 83. They buried her in a man's dress with military honors.

Vasilisa Kozhina

A common misfortune brings people together. The entire population of Russia rallied in the fight against the enemy. When the enemy appeared, the Russian people rose voluntarily, and the peasants everywhere waged a partisan war, fought with amazing courage. The organizers of the partisan movement were both officers of the Russian army and ordinary people, and ordinary Russian women did not stand aside. One of these people, not indifferent to the misfortune of the people, was Vasilisa Kozhina.

After the death of the head of the village of Sychevka, Porechensky district, Dmitry Kozhin, the villagers unanimously chose his wife Vasilisa.

Vasilisa was an inventive and cunning woman. When the French appeared in the village, she invited them into the house, fed and watered them. But as soon as the unexpected guests went to bed, she burned down the house with them.

Vasilisa organized a partisan detachment from teenagers and women. They armed themselves with pitchforks, scythes, axes, destroyed and captured Napoleon's soldiers and officers during their retreat from Russia.

For her heroism, Vasilisa was awarded a cash prize and was awarded the medal "In Memory of the Patriotic War."There were rumors that the Most Serene Highness Prince Kutuzov himself met with her.

History has immortalized the name of a simple Russian woman, the great daughter of Russia.One of the Moscow streets located in the western part of Moscow is named in honor of Vasilisa Kozhina.

Praskovya the Lacemaker

Spontaneously created peasant detachments provided very significant assistance to the army in the field. These detachments consisted mainly of peasants who were not familiar with military affairs, they were used to being controlled with scythes, pitchforks and axes.

We found information about another heroine of the Patriotic War - Praskovya the lace-maker, it is a pity that we did not manage to find out the last name of this woman.

In the small village of Sokolovo, Dukhovshchinsky district, Smolensk province lived a twenty-year-old beauty Praskovya.

A French detachment came to this village, which took away from the inhabitants everything that they liked. Two Frenchmen entered the house of Praskovya, the girl was not at a loss, grabbed an ax and hacked both of them. Then she gathered the villagers and went with them into the forest. "It was a terrible army: 20 strong, young guys, armed with axes, scythes and pitchforks, and the beautiful Praskovya was at their head."

At first they guarded the French by the road and attacked them when they saw no more than ten or twelve people, but soon their scythes and axes were replaced by guns and sabers.

Praskovya herself showed an example of courage, and they, getting bolder from day to day, began to attack the armed detachments, and once recaptured the train from the French.

Rumors about Praskovya and her assistants spread throughout the entire district, and guys from neighboring villages began to come to her. She accepted a choice, and soon she formed a detachment of 60 selected fellows, with whom Praskovya reached almost to Smolensk.

With amazement and fear, the French general, who had been imprisoned in Smolensk by the governor, thought about Praskovya. A large sum was assigned to the head of Praskovya, who with her detachment beat off a fair share of French equipment and provisions.

But they could not catch Praskovya, although a large reward was assigned to her head. For courage and courage, Praskovya was awarded a medal"In memory of the Patriotic War." The further fate of this amazing woman is not known. But in the memory of the descendants, the "lacemaker Praskovya" will forever remain as a symbol of the Russian woman.

Margarita Mikhailovna Tuchkova

One of the best daughters of Russia, Margarita Mikhailovna Tuchkova, proved her devotion to her Motherland. She was a faithful companion of the worthy defender of the Fatherland, General A.A.Tuchkov.

Margarita is the eldest daughter of Lieutenant Colonel Mikhail Petrovich Naryshkin from her marriage to Princess Varvara Alekseevna Volkonskaya. It got its name in honor of its maternal grandmother, Margarita Rodionovna Volkonskaya. In addition to her, the family had five more daughters and two sons.

Margarita from the most early years She was distinguished by a passionate, nervous and receptive character, loved reading and music, and was gifted with a wonderful voice. She was tall and very slender, but her features were irregular, and her only beauty was the striking whiteness of her skin and the vivid expression of her green eyes.

At the age of 16, Margarita Naryshkina married Pavel Mikhailovich Lasunsky. The marriage was short-lived: two years later, Margarita divorced her husband, a reveler and a gambler. The reputation of the young Lasunsky was already so well known that a divorce was obtained easily.

Margarita Mikhailovna met Alexander Tuchkov at the time of her first unhappy marriage. Young people fell in love with each other. Upon learning of the divorce, he was not slow to get married, but the Naryshkins were so scared by the failure of their daughter's first marriage that they refused. For a long time they did not give consent to her second marriage. The wedding took place only in 1806, and for 25-year-old Margarita Mikhailovna there came short years of complete happiness in marriage.

She was proud of the beauty of her husband, who was compared in society to Apollo, his courage and valor. Margarita Mikhailovna accompanied her husband on the Swedish campaign and shared with him all the difficulties of military life, accompanying him more than once on horseback in the uniform of a batman, hiding a braid under her cap, since wives were forbidden to be with the army on a campaign. For the first time in the Russian army, a sister of mercy appeared in her face. She created food points for the starving population in areas engulfed in fighting. In the Finnish campaign, she lived in a fierce cold in a tent, she had to wade with troops among the snow drifts, cross rivers to the waist in icy water.

In 1812, Margarita Mikhailovna could not follow her husband. At this time, their young son needed her more. It was decided that she would accompany her husband to Smolensk and go to her parents in Moscow. From Moscow, the Naryshkins left for their Kostroma estate, Margarita Mikhailovna wished to stay in the district town of Kineshma, where on September 1, 1812, she learned from her brother Kirill Mikhailovich about the death of her husband, who was killed in the Battle of Borodino.

Kirill Mikhailovich Naryshkin was Barclay de Tolly's aide-de-camp, he went to the army and stopped by his sister to report the death of her husband. For several years, Margarita Mikhailovna could not see her brother, so as not to remember their meeting in Kineshma, she became ill every time he appeared.

Margarita went to the battlefield to look for her husband's body: from a letter from General Konovnitsyn, she knew that Tuchkov had died in the area of ​​the Semyonovsky redoubt. Searches among tens of thousands of the fallen gave nothing: the body of Alexander Tuchkov was never found. She was forced to return home.

The horrors she endured affected her health so much that for some time the family feared for her sanity. Having recovered a little, she decided to build a temple at her own expense on the site of her husband's death. Margarita Mikhailovna sold her diamonds and, with the assistance of Empress Maria Feodorovna, bought three tithes of land, where in 1818 she began to build the Church of the Savior Not Made by Hands. Observing the construction of the church, Tuchkova lived with her son Nikolai and his French governess in a small hut.

Initially, Tuchkova intended to build only a small chapel, but "Alexander I granted her 10 thousand rubles, with these funds a stone church-temple was built and consecrated in 1820" , pilgrims from all over Russia flocked here. Margarita herself lived for a long time on the Borodino field, in a small, purpose-built house.

Tuchkova decided to devote her life to the memory of her husband and the upbringing of her only son, Koko, so affectionately she called him. Nikolai Tuchkov was enrolled in the Corps of Pages, but due to poor health he lived with his mother. He grew up not knowing noisy and frisky games, everyone loved him for his heartfelt gentleness and kindness. Margarita Mikhailovna could not get enough of her son, but she was worried about his poor health, the doctors assured that he would get stronger over the years, that his growth was exhausting. In 1826 Nikolai Tuchkov caught a cold, he was treated by the best doctors, the well-known doctor Mudrov was invited to the consultation, who confirmed that there was no danger, he would definitely recover. The calmed Margarita Mikhailovna saw the doctors, and a few hours later her 15-year-old boy suddenly died. He was buried in the Church of the Savior Not Made by Hands.

The exile of his brother Mikhail, the Decembrist, to Siberia, the death of his father in 1825 and his son finally defeated Tuchkova. Now nothing kept her in the world. She moved permanently to her hut on the Borodino field. She wrote to her friend about her life at that time: “Day is like day: matins, mass, then tea, a little reading, lunch, vespers, insignificant handicrafts, and after a short prayer - night, that's the whole life. It's boring to live, scary to die. The mercy of the Lord, His love - this is my hope, so I will end! "

In her broken life, Tuchkova sought consolation in helping the unfortunate and the poor: she helped the surrounding population, healed the sick and attracted those who wanted to share their labors with her for the benefit of their neighbor. She devoted herself to the main business of her entire subsequent life - the construction of a new convent.

In 1838. Tuchkova is tonsured under the name of nun Melania. The Spaso-Borodino community, according to the Highest Command, becomes the Spaso-Borodino dormitory monastery of the 2nd class in 1839. During the grand opening of the Borodino monument in 1839, Emperor Nicholas I visited the monastery and Tuchkova's cell. She, who endured so much suffering, made a strong impression on the sovereign. He granted her the forgiveness of her brother Mikhail, and in 1840 he summoned her to Petersburg to be the recipient of the wife of the heir Maria Alexandrovna, with whom she corresponded until her death.

The nun Melania was tonsured into the mantle with the adoption of the name of Mary on June 28, 1840. The next day, Maria became abbess of the Spaso-Borodino monastery. The elevation to abbess was carried out according to the order of ordination to deaconess. The name of Mary was chosen "in memory of an incident that happened to her on the day of her second wedding: a holy fool ran towards the newlywed, shouting:" Mary, Mary, take the staff! " Under her kamilavka and monastic robes, Tuchkova remained a completely secular woman and, with her rare appearances in society and at court, captivated everyone with her brilliant speech and gracefulness of receptions.

Margarita Mikhailovna Tuchkova died on April 29, 1852 and was buried in the Savior Church of the monastery, next to her husband and son.Conclusion

In the process of researching this topic, we came to the conclusion that Russian women, the fair sex, never stood aside from those significant events that worried Russian society, the Russian state. Despite the difference in social classes, in the heart of every Russian woman lived hatred for the invaders, love for the Motherland and faith in victory over the enemy.

February 5, 1813 Emperor AlexanderIestablished a medal "In Memory of the Patriotic War of 1812" to award participants in hostilities. They were received not only by men, but also by women who fought the enemy on an equal basis with men and those women who worked in hospitals and looked after wounded soldiers.

We learned that on August 1, 2012, the Central Bank of the Russian Federation issued a series of commemorative coins dedicated to the anniversary of the victory in the Russian-French War. The coins depict famous and distinguished participants in the Patriotic War of 1812. There are 16 coins in the series, each with denomination of 2 rubles: two of which bear girls (Nadezhda Durova, Vasilisa Kozhina).

The material we have collected can be used in lessons, classroom hours. Investigating this topic, we realized how interesting it is to know about the heroic past of our Motherland. After all, without the past there is no present and future.

Literature

1.Alekseev S.P. Battle of Borodino: Stories. - M .: Bustard, 1998

2.Antonov V.S. Book for reading on the history of the USSRXIXcentury. - M .: Education, 1989

3.Ishimova I. History of Russia for children. - M .: OLMA-PRESS, 2001

4. Nadezhdina N.A. No wonder all of Russia remembers. - M .: Malysh, 1986

5. Strelkova I.I. For the glory of the Fatherland. - M .: Malysh, 1990

6.Srebnitsky A. Dashing century cavalry - girls. Sports life in Russia. 1997. No. 5.

7.Pokrovskaya N. Lacemaker Praskovya. Moscow truth. 10/10/2011

8.How was the fate of the cavalryman - the girl Nadezhda Durova? [Electronic resource] // URL: http://militera.lib.ru/bio/pushkin_kostin/04.html (date of access: 21.12.2012)

12 A. E. Zarin Praskovya the lace-maker. [Electronic resource] // URL: (date of access: 17.01.2013)

Publications in the Museums section

Generals of 1812 and their lovely wives

By the anniversary of the Battle of Borodino, we recall the heroes of the Patriotic War of 1812, examine their portraits from the Military Gallery of the Hermitage, and also study which lovely ladies were their companions in life. Sophia Bagdasarova reports.

Kutuzovs

Unknown artist. Mikhail Illarionovich Kutuzov in his youth. 1777

George Doe. Mikhail Illarionovich Kutuzov. 1829. State Hermitage

Unknown artist. Ekaterina Ilinichna Golenishcheva-Kutuzova. 1777. State Historical Museum

The great commander Mikhail Illarionovich Kutuzov is painted in full height in the portrait by Dow from the Military Gallery. There are not many such large canvases in the hall - such an honor was awarded to Emperor Alexander I, his brother Constantine, the Austrian emperor and the Prussian king, and of the generals there are only Barclay de Tolly and the British Lord Wellington.

Kutuzov's wife was named Ekaterina Ilinichna, nee Bibikova. In the paired portraits ordered in 1777 in honor of the wedding, Kutuzov is hardly recognizable - he is young, he has both eyes. The bride is powdered and rouged in the fashion of the 18th century. In family life, the spouses adhered to the mores of the same frivolous century: Kutuzov drove women of dubious behavior in a wagon train, his wife had fun in the capital. This did not prevent them from loving each other and their five daughters dearly.

Bagration

George Doe (workshop). Petr Ivanovich Bagration. 1st half of the 19th century. State Hermitage

Jean Guerin. The wound of Pyotr Ivanovich Bagration in the Battle of Borodino. 1816

Jean-Baptiste Isabe. Ekaterina Pavlovna Bagration. 1810th. Army Museum, Paris

The famous military leader Pyotr Ivanovich Bagration was seriously wounded at the Borodino field: a cannonball crushed his leg. He was carried out of the battle in his arms, but the doctors did not help - after 17 days he died. When in 1819 the English painter George Doe began a huge order - the creation of the Military Gallery, the appearance of the fallen heroes, including Bagration, he had to recreate according to the works of other masters. In this case, engravings and pencil portraits came in handy.

In family life, Bagration was unhappy. Emperor Paul, wishing him only well, in 1800 married the beautiful woman, the heiress of Potemkin millions, Ekaterina Pavlovna Skavronskaya. The frivolous blonde husband left her and went to Europe, where she wore translucent muslin, indecently fitting her figure, spent huge sums and shone in the light. Among her lovers was the Austrian Chancellor Metternich, to whom she gave birth to a daughter. The death of her husband did not affect her lifestyle.

Raevsky

George Doe. Nikolai Nikolaevich Raevsky. 1st half of the 19th century. State Hermitage

Nikolay Samokish-Sudkovsky. The feat of the soldiers of Raevsky near Saltanovka. 1912

Vladimir Borovikovsky. Sofya Alekseevna Raevskaya. 1813. State Museum of A.S. Pushkin

Nikolai Nikolaevich Raevsky, who raised a regiment near the village of Saltanovka (according to legend, his two sons, 17 and 11 years old, went to battle next to him), survived the battle. Doe most likely painted it from life. In general, there are more than 300 portraits in the Military Gallery, and although the English artist "signed" all of them, the main body depicting ordinary generals was created by his Russian assistants - Alexander Polyakov and Wilhelm Golike. However, Dow portrayed the most important generals himself.

Raevsky had a large loving family (Pushkin long recalled his journey across the Crimea with them). He was married to Sofya Alekseevna Konstantinova - Lomonosov's granddaughter, together with his adored wife, they experienced many misfortunes, including disgrace and the investigation of the Decembrist uprising. Then Raevsky himself and both of his sons were under suspicion, but later their name was cleared. His daughter Maria Volkonskaya followed her husband into exile. Surprisingly: all the children of the Raevsky inherited a huge great-grandfather's Lomonosov forehead - however, the girls preferred to hide it behind curls.

Tuchkovs

George Doe (workshop). Alexander Alekseevich Tuchkov. 1st half of the 19th century. State Hermitage

Nikolay Matveev. General Tuchkov's widow at the Borodino field. State Tretyakov Gallery

Unknown artist. Margarita Tuchkova. 1st half of the 19th century. State Museum-Reserve "Borodino field"

Alexander Alekseevich Tuchkov is one of those who inspired Tsvetaeva to write poetry, which later turned into a wonderful romance by Nastenka in the film "Say a Word about the Poor Hussar." He died in the Battle of Borodino, and his body was never found. Dow, creating his posthumous portrait, copied a very successful image by the brush of Alexander Varnek.

The picture shows how handsome Tuchkov was. His wife Margarita Mikhailovna, nee Naryshkina, adored her husband. When the news of the death of her husband was delivered to her, she went to the battlefield - the approximate place of death was known. Margarita searched for Tuchkov among the mountains of dead bodies for a long time, but the search was unsuccessful. For a long time after these terrible searches, she was not herself, her relatives feared for her mind. Later, she erected a church at the indicated place, then a convent, the first abbess of which she became, having taken tonsure after a new tragedy - sudden death teenager son.

Heroes of 1812

From the heroes of the old days

Sometimes there are no names left

Those who took mortal combat

They became just earth, grass.

Only their formidable valor

Settled in the hearts of the living.

E. Agranovich

The poet, of course, has in mind the living, not existing, vegetating.

The country is celebrating the bicentennial of the Patriotic War of 1812. itSeveral articles in our newspaper are devoted to this significant event.

The hero is an indispensable attribute of history. Pantheon of historical heroesforms national identity, the mentality of the nation, has an impactYang for the formation of ideas about modern heroes. It is no coincidence that thishour there is a replacement of heroes in a number of historical periods of our history.Kolchak and Denikin replace Chapaev and Shchors; Pavlov, soberly assessingthe national intelligentsia, is replaced by one who justified the fascists,Ilyin; Anka the machine gunner is replaced by Anka, sorry, God forgive me, oncevedchitsa; Panfilov - Vlasov. And, as a result, instead of inspiredcreators - Chkalov, Stakhanov, Angelina, Krivonos, there are modernheroes and idols ...

Similar replacements have already affected the heroes of the twelfth year and the heroes of thishistorical period. Of the many brilliant heroes, you we take a few.

Mikhail B ogdanovich B arclay de T ollie

In the Russian-Swedish war of 1808-1809, the corps undercommand of Barclay made the legendary winterscrossing the Kvarken Strait, which decided the outcomewar. He commanded the entire Russian army in the initialstage of the Patriotic War of 1812, after which there wasreplaced by M.I. Kutuzov. In 1813-1814, abroadn campaign of the Russian army commanded the unitedthe Russian-Prussian army as part of the Bohemian army ofStryan Field Marshal Schwarzenberg. At the beginning of 1812, the Minister of War of Russia M. Barclayde Tolly drew up a plan for an imminent war with Napoleon. (See Note from the 1st table forwarding agent of the secret

expedition of the Ministry of War of Lieutenant Colonel P. Chuykevich, thenchief of the GRU, dated April 12, 1812). Naturally, this plan was knownonly to a narrow circle of people. And it was implemented by Mikhail Bogdanovich, therefore, according toconsequent retreat of the Russian army (leading to a catastrophicthe reduction of the French army and the increase in the size of the Russian army) metmisunderstanding not only among the population and lower ranks, but even among highsupplied by the military. Many directly accused him of betrayal.

Regarding the plan of military operations of the Russian army, Clausewitz, who participatedin the war of 1812 at the headquarters of Wittgenstein, wrote: “Higher wisdom could notwander the plan better than that which the Russians performed unintentionally. " Here vethe dashing military theorist is mistaken - the plan was carried out deliberately and hadauthors and main performers: Emperor Alexander I, Barclay de Tolly, and forthose Kutuzov. Moreover, Barclay de Tolly had to perform the most unpleasantand the hard part of the plan.

In the Battle of Borodino, Barclay de Tolly commanded the right wing and pricesthrom of Russian troops. On the Borodino field Barclay de Tolly in embroidered golduniform was in the thick of the battle, under it 9 horses were killed and wounded,perished 5 of his adjutants out of 8. But he not only sought death, the battle demanded himdirect presence in the most dangerous areas. After Borodin,troops, who had previously greeted Barclay de Tolly in silence, greeted him with a thunderous vowel hurray.

Barclay de Tolly - full Knight of St. George (second after Kutuzov),count, prince. In a letter to his wife after leaving Moscow, he wrote:

“Whatever the end, I will always be convinced that I did everything necessarymine for the preservation of the state, and if His Majesty still has an army, thenable to threaten the enemy with defeat, this is my merit. After numerousbloody battles with which I delayed the enemy at every step andinflicted tangible losses on him, I handed over the army to Prince Kutuzov, when he tookcommand in such a state that she could measure her strength with how muchany powerful enemy. I handed it over to him at the moment when I was fulfilled by myselffirm determination to expect an enemy attack in an excellent position, and I wasRen that I will beat her. ... If in the Battle of Borodino the army was not completelyand finally broken - this is my merit, and the conviction of this will serveconsolation to me until the last minute of my life. "

The best thing about him, his tragic fate was said by A.S. Pushkin.

General

The Russian Tsar has a chamber in his palaces:

She is not rich in gold, not velvet;

It is not in her that the diamond of the crown is kept behind the glass;

But from top to bottom, full length, all around,

With my brush free and wide

It was painted by a fast-paced artist.

There are no rural nymphs, no virgin madonnas,

No fauns with bowls, no full-breasted wives

No dances, no hunts, but all the cloaks and swords,

Yes, faces full of belligerent courage.

In a crowded crowd, the artist placed

Here the chiefs of our people's forces,

Covered in the glory of a wonderful march

And the eternal memory of the twelfth year.

Often I wander slowly between them

And I look at their familiar images,

And, I think, I hear their bellicose cries.

Many of them are gone; others whose faces

Still so young on a bright canvas

Already grown old and dying in silence

The head of the laurel ...

But in this harsh crowd

One attracts me the most. With a new thought

I will always stop in front of him - and do not bring

From my eyes. The longer I look,

All the more we languish with heavy sadness.

It is written in full height. The brow is like a naked skull,

Shines high, and, hesitates, lay down

There is great sadness. Around - a thick haze;

Behind him is a military camp. Calm and gloomy

He seems to be looking with a contemptuous thought.

Did the artist bare his thought,

When he portrayed him as such,

Or it was involuntary inspiration, -

But Doe gave him that expression.

O unhappy leader! Your lot was harsh:

You sacrificed everything to a foreign land to you.

Impenetrable to the sight of the wild rabble,

In silence you walked alone with a great thought,

And, in your name, a sound alien to dislike,

Chasing you with my screams

The people, mysteriously saved by you,

I swore at your sacred gray hair.

And the one whose sharp mind comprehended you,

To please them, I slyly censured you ...

And for a long time, strengthened by powerful conviction,

You were unshakable before the common delusion;

And halfway down I had to finally

Silently surrender the laurel crown,

Both the power and the plan, thought out deeply, -

And it's lonely to hide in the regimental ranks.

There, an outdated leader! like a young warrior,

Lead the merry whistle heard for the first time,

You threw yourself into the fire, looking for the desired death, -

That's awful! -

.....................

.....................

Oh people! a wretched race worthy of tears and laughter!

Priests of the minute, fans of success!

How often does a person pass by you

Who the blind and violent age swears at,

But whose lofty face in the coming generation

The poet will delight and tenderness!

Dmitry Petrovich Neverovsky

(27.10.1777 - 27.10.1813)

Lieutenant General, Hero of the Patriotic War of 1812He began his service in 1786 as a private of the Seme Life Guardsnovsky regiment. Participated in the Russian-Turkish war1787-11, military operations in 1792, 1794. In 1804promoted to major general, since 1809 chief Pavlovsko1st Grenadier Regiment. Among the soldiers he used liuByove, they called him "Well done." Skillful educatorand organizer. In 1811. Neverovsky was entrusted with oddsmarching in Moscow of the 27th Infantry Division, with the beginningPatriotic War 1812 division became part of the 2nd Western Army.

On August 2, at Krasnoye, his rearguard detachment (7.2 thousand people) blocked up tohorn 3 cavalry corps under the command of Murat. Having built a divisionin squares, Neverovsky retreated to Smolensk. The division repulsed 40 cavalryattacks of Murat, who was enraged with his own impotence, and who could not realize their numerical and qualitative superiority. (Ney offered Muratshoot the infantry of Neverovsky with artillery, attract the infantry, but Murat wantedwin yourself). Neverovsky lost about 1.5 thousand people, but detainedon the day the advance of the enemy, which did not allow the Grand Army of Napoleongo to Smolensk and take it on the move.

“I have never seen greater courage on the part of the enemy,” he said about hisactions at Red Murat.

“One cannot quite praise the courage and firmness with which the division, the sovereigncompletely new, fought against overwhelming enemy forces.You can even say that an example of such courage in any army to showit is impossible "- reported to the tsar the commander of the 2nd army P.I. Bagration.

This feat "makes him immortal glory," said the EmperorAlexander I. Neverovsky himself spoke more simply: “I saw how exaltedthe courage and fearlessness of the Russian soldier ".

27th division of Neverovsky near Smolensk repulsed all attacks of the Ponyatov cavalryskogo, the resilience of his division determined the outcome of the battle.

The Neverovsky division took part in the most brutal and bloody battles of the war1812, distinguished herself in all the most important battles of the Patriotic War: underRed, in the battle of Smolensk, in the defense of Shevardino - a division offought night hand-to-hand combat, in the Battle of Borodino on the Semyonov flashes,in the battles at Tarutin, Maloyaroslavets and again at Krasnoye. Division NeveRovsky for the campaign of 1812 suffered the greatest losses in the Russian army.

In the Leipzig battle, Neverovsky was seriously wounded in the leg, died of woundsin the arms of the adjutants, deliriously repeating their favorite call: “Guys! Forward! With bayonets! "

In 1912, his ashes were reburied at the Borodino field, and his name was given 24to the Siberian infantry regiment.

Borodino field.

On the face of the tombstone is inscribed:"The ashes are buried here GeneralLieutenant Dmitry Petrovich Neverovsky, who bravely fought inthe head of his 27th infantry. division and shell-shocked in the chest on August 26, 1812 ".

WITH back side inscription:"Lieutenant General D. P. Neverovsky is smittenin 1813 near Leipzig. His ashes rested in Halle and in 1912 according to the Imperialmoved to the homeland by the order of the Emperor Nicholas AlexandrovichJuly 8 of the same year. "

By the way, September 10 marks 100 years since the grand openingmonument to the heroes of 1812 in Smolensk. The monument "with the eagles" is considered the besta monument to the heroes of that war. The name of Neverovsky is immortalized on it next tothe names of Barclay de Tolly, Bagration, Raevsky, Dokhturov.

Alexander Ivanovich Kutaisov

(30.8.1784- 07.9.1812)

Count, son of the tsar's favorite. Major General (1806 !!!).Since 1799, the inspector-adjutant of the inspector general artilleria A.A. Arakcheeva. Has shown outstanding abilityst in the war with France 1805-1806. and in the organizationRussian artillery. At the beginning of 1812 - chiefartillery of the 1st Western Army. In the Battle of Borodinonii chief of all Russian artillery, although there were artillerists are older in rank and age. To a large extent, the success of actions rusartillerymen during the Battle of Borodinowas due to the order given on the day of the battlecommander of the Russian artillery Kutaisov.

On September 6, on the eve of the battle, his orderly delivered artillery to all commandersLerian companies order, which, in particular, said: “The artillery mustsacrifice yourself; let them take you with guns, but the last buckshot youshoot arrows at point-blank range, and the battery, which will be taken in this way, will inflictharm to the enemy, completely redeeming the loss of weapons. "

With this order, Alexander Ivanovich Kutaisov ordered the artillery as followstiku, exactly the opposite of the one indicated by Alexander's rescriptI, received by Kutuzov before the battle. (Here is the tsar, it is more correct that Russia hadservants - they themselves decided what and how best to do!).

The execution of the order of Alexander I ensured the safety of artillerytrunks, but doomed the Russian artillery to low efficiency and passiveness during the battle.

Kutaisov ordered the artillerymen to destroy the enemy's manpower. His calculationwas more correct than the imperial one (see the assessment of the Battle of Borodino onfield and the dynamics of the number of occupying troops during the war).

Only an extraordinary person could act contrary to the will of Alexander I,realizing responsible to the Fatherland.

Thanks to Kutaisov, the Battle of Borodino became the day of Russian artillery.

Some contemporaries "reproached" Kutaisov for leavingGlasia Kutuzov's headquarters, bypasses the batteries, personally directs the fire and dies onthe initial stage of the battle.

However, the participants in the battle, more precisely, its leaders, knew better thathad to be done. Who knows how the battle would have developed if it had not been recaptured by the baht Ray Raevsky!

And therefore, in critical moment battles when the divisions of Generals Brusier, Moewound, Gerard took the battery of Raevsky, Kutaisov, together with the chief of staff of the 1stWestern Army General A.P. Ermolov personally organize and leada counterattack on the Raevsky battery occupied by the French. This legendary attack incourse, which, Ermolov, walking in front, threw crosses and shouted: “Whoever comes, he will take! ".

We got it.

They took the battery.

And we won the battle!

Ermolov was wounded, Kutaisov died, his body was not found.

“And you, Kutaisov, the leader of the young ...

Whether in armor, formidable, performed -

Peruns threw death;

I struck the strings of the harp -

The strings were animated ...

Oh woe! faithful horse runs

Bloody from combat;

He has his broken shield on it ...

And there is no hero on it.

And where is yours, O knight, ashes

"Singer in the camp of Russian soldiers"

V. A. Zhukovsky

Alexander S Amoilovich F igner

(1787 - 01.10.1813)

Colonel, hero of the Patriotic War of 1812, organcongestion of the partisan movement. In 1805-06. participated in the expedition of the Russian fleetin the Mediterranean. During the Russian-Turkish war1806-12 distinguished himself in the Ruschuk battle, and duringPatriotic War of 1812 - in the defense of Smolensk, in Bomotherland battle. He was fantastically brave. Since sepbrya 1812 commanded a partisan detachment, successfulscout. The information he got played an important rolein the success of the Russian troops in the battle of Tarutino and takingtii Danzig. In 1813, at the head of the institute organized by himternational detachment (Germans, Spaniards, Italians

and Russian Cossacks) Figner was active in the rear of the French troops on the territories of Germany. Surrounded by superior French forces, died attrying to cross the Elbe.

Ruthlessness to enemies and high efficiency in their destruction (for examplemeasures, he did not take prisoners, since he believed that no one invited the French to Russiashal, and the prisoners reduce the combat capabilities of his squad) met somemisunderstanding among colleagues. However, the authorities appreciated him: it was time for himthere were risky special operations, he was promoted to captain right on the fieldbattle during the defense of Smolensk in August 1812, and died in October 1813 already regimentsnickname. And Napoleon himself appointed a special award for Figner's head.

Unknown hero

Smolensk. “Especially between ... the shooters stood out for their courage andsteadfastness, one Russian huntsman ... whom we could not keep silentconcentrated rifle fire against him, not even by the action of one, speciala specially assigned weapon assigned against him, which smashed all the trees,because of which he acted, but did not calm down and fell silent only towards night ", -H.V. Faber de Fort, officer of the 23rd Infantry Division of Napoleon's army

Petr Andreevich Vyazemsky

(12. 07.1792 - 10.11. 1878)

Prince, poet and critic. In 1812, chamber-cadet Vyazemskyjoined the Moscow noble militia, receivedparticipation in the Battle of Borodino with the rank of lieutenant. On the fieldGeneral A.N. Bakhmetev. Vyazemsky's letter to his wife, “I'm on my way now, my dear. You, God and honor will bemy companions. The duties of a military man are notdrown in me the duties of your husband and fatherour child. I will never be left behind, but I will not be ki eitherbe given. You were chosen by heaven for my happiness, and I wantwill I make you unhappy forever

I will be able to reconcile the duty of the son of the fatherland with my duty and in reasoningyou. We'll see you, I'm sure of that. Pray to God for me. He is your prayershears, I rely on Him in everything. Forgive me, my dearest Vera. Sorry,my dear friend. Everything around me reminds you. I'm writing to you from the bedroomin which I held you in my arms so many times, and now I am leaving herone. No! we will never part after. We are made for each other, wemust live together, die together. I'm sorry my friend. I'm just as hardto part with you now, as if you were with me. Here in the houseit seems that I am still with you: you lived here; but - no, you are there, and the entrance fromI am inseparable. You are in my soul, you are in my life. I couldn't live without you.Sorry! God be with us! "

The search for a national idea continues in the Russian Federation. Seekers are recommended bynet Borodino field. See what was built on it for the centenaryBorodino battle.

Ch. editor Pokazeev K.V.

The following literature was used to compile biographical articles about the generals:

Great Encyclopedia of Russia. All regions of the country, geography, politics, economics, history, culture, biographies of more than 2000 great and famous people of Russia. - M .: Eksmo, 2008 .-- 1023 p.

Feklushin, V. Russia Faithful Sons: Heroes of the Patriotic War of 1812: thematic. no. / V. Feklushin // Children's encyclopedia of the AiF. - 2011. - No. 11. - 64 p.

Feklushin, V. Borodino battle: Russian valor and glory: them. no. / V. Feklushin // Children's encyclopedia of the AiF. - 2010. - No. 8. - 56 p.

Ganin, E. 1812: thematic. no. / E. Ganin // Children's Encyclopedia of the AiF. - 2008. - No. 5. - 73 p.

Note! Some articles from the further reading lists are available in full text mode.

Kutuzov (Golenishchev-Kutuzov) M.I.

In July 1774, during the liquidation of the Turkish landing in the Crimea near Alushta, the commander of the grenadier battalion, Lieutenant Colonel Kutuzov, was seriously wounded. The bullet, passing through the left temple, deprived him of his right eye. Catherine II, having learned about this case, said: “We must take care of Kutuzov; he will be a great general for me. "

14 years have passed. During the new Russian-Turkish war, during the siege of Ochakov in 1788, Kutuzov, already a general, was again dangerously wounded. This time the bullet went right through from temple to temple behind both eyes. The surgeon Massot who was treating the general was shocked: "We must believe that fate assigns Kutuzov to something great, because he survived after two wounds, fatal according to all the rules of medical science."

Both the empress and a simple military doctor turned out to be seers. Mikhail Illarionovich Kutuzov was destined to go down in history as the victor of Napoleon, the liberator of the Russian land from foreign invasion.

He was born on September 5 (16), 1745 (in the later biographies of M.I.Kutuzov, 1747 is indicated as the date of birth). Kutuzov's father was an honored general. Many noble children at that time studied at home. Mikhail Kutuzov received an excellent education at home. He read a lot, knew French, German and Polish, and in the future he constantly expanded his knowledge, especially in military science.

When Misha was 12 years old, he was enrolled in the United Artillery and Engineering noble school. At the age of 16, Kutuzov received his first officer's rank, at the age of 17 he became a company commander in an infantry regiment, commanded by the future field marshal Alexander Vasilyevich Suvorov. During the Russian-Turkish war of 1768-1774, he distinguished himself in the battles at the Ryaba Mogila, Larga and Cahul.

Even then, the young captain Kutuzov became famous for his unheard of courage. He was the first to rush into the attack and the last to stop pursuing the enemy. At the end of the war, Kutuzov was dangerously wounded and only miraculously escaped with only the loss of an eye. In peacetime, the young officer showed his other talent - diplomatic. Kutuzov knew how to win over even yesterday's enemies. On behalf of Catherine II, he conducted successful negotiations with the Crimean Khan and established Russian influence in the Crimea.

The second dangerous wound occurred during the siege of Ochakov. Kutuzov received it when he rushed to attack the enemy, ahead of all his soldiers. Barely recovering from this terrible wound, Mikhail Illarionovich again got into line and did not miss a single big battle, having especially distinguished himself during the assault on Ishmael. After the war, Kutuzov became the Russian ambassador to Turkey. Emperor Paul I, who replaced Catherine II, also gave him responsible diplomatic assignments.

In 1805, Kutuzov commanded the Russian troops in Austria and with a skillful maneuver brought them out of the threat of encirclement. In the Russian-Turkish war of 1806-1812, he again led the army, won important victories and concluded a peace treaty that was beneficial for Russia.

At the beginning of World War II, Mikhail Illarionovich was elected head of the St. Petersburg militia, and in August, with the "general approval of society," and despite the personal hostility of the sovereign, he was put at the head of the entire army and led it to victory over Napoleon. In December 1812, Kutuzov received from Alexander I the title of Prince of Smolensk and was awarded the Order of St. George I degree, becoming a full George Knight. In addition, Kutuzov was marked with a golden sword with diamonds and a laurel wreath of emeralds. But the best reward for him is people's love.

In January 1813, troops under his command entered Western Europe. TO By that time, Mikhail Illarionovich's health was undermined, and on April 16 (28), 1813, he died. Before the death of the field marshal, Alexander I came to him and asked for forgiveness for his wrong attitude towards the commander. Kutuzov replied: "I forgive, sir, but will Russia forgive?"

The embalmed body of the field marshal was taken to St. Petersburg. Five miles from the city, the horses were unharnessed, and the people carried the coffin on their shoulders to the very Kazan Cathedral, where great commander was solemnly buried.

It is interesting:

Once Kutuzov received from St. Petersburg a message from his wife, Ekaterina Ilyinichna, in which was enclosed the fable "The Wolf in the Kennel", personally rewritten for him by Ivan Andreevich Krylov. The famous fabulist portrayed Napoleon as a wolf, trying to start peace negotiations, and Kutuzov as a hunter.

Mikhail Illarionovich gathered officers around him and turned to them with the words: "Listen, gentlemen!" He took out from his bosom a sheet of Krylov's fable and read it aloud.

A wolf at night, thinking to get into the sheepfold, Got to the kennel ...

At the words “You are gray, and I, friend, gray”, read with special expressiveness, the field marshal took off his cap and pointed to his gray hair.

Literature about M.I.Kutuzov

1. Andrianova, Irina Anatolyevna. Savior of the Fatherland: biography of M.I. Golenishchev-Kutuzov / I.A.Andrianova. - M.: Olympus; Smolensk: Rusich, 1999 .-- 302 p. (Code 63.3 (2) 521)
Personalia Kutuzov M.I.
Copies: total: 2 - CDB (1), ODL (1)

2. Artemov, Vladislav Vladimirovich. Russian commanders / ed. V.V. Artemov. - M.: ROSMEN, 2004 .-- 350 p. - (Great Russians). (Code 63.3 (2))
Personalia Kutuzov M.I .; Bagration P.I.

3. Bantysh-Kamensky, Dmitry Nikolaevich. Biographies of Russian generalissimos and field marshals general. Ch. 1-2 / D.N.Bantysh-Kamensky. - M.: Culture, 1991. (Code 63.3 (2))
; Kutuzov M.I.
Instances: total: 1 - CHZ (1)

4. Great Russian Encyclopedia: in 30 volumes / [chairman of the scientific-ed. Council of Yu. S. Osipov; otv. ed. L. S. Kravets]. - M.: BRE. -
T. 16. - 2010 .-- 750 p. : tsv.il., cards. (Code 92)
Personalia Kutuzov M.I.
Copies: total: 3 - ChZ (1), CDB (1), F.7 (1)

5. Great Encyclopedia of Russia. All regions of the country, geography, politics, economics, history, culture, biographies of more than 2000 great and famous people of Russia. - M.: Eksmo, 2008 .-- 1023 p. (Code 92)

6. Bragin, Mikhail Grigorievich. Kutuzov / M.G. Bragin. - M.: Mol. Guard, 1970 .-- 224 p. : ill. - (The life of remarkable people: ZhZL: ser. Biogr.; Issue 481). (Code 63.3 (2) 52)
Personalia Kutuzov M.I.
Copies: total: 2 - F.5 (1), F.1 (1)

7. Butromeev, Vladimir Petrovich. The World History in persons: XVIII-XIX centuries: Encyclopedia of a schoolchild / V.P. Butromeev. - M: Olma-Press, 2000 .-- 317 p. - (Child Plutarch). (Code 63.3 (0) -8)
Personalia Kutuzov M.I.
Copies: total: 3 - CDB (1), ODL (1), F.3 (1)

8. Zhilin, Pavel Andreevich. Field Marshal Mikhail Illarionovich Kutuzov. Life and military leadership / P. A. Zhilin. - 3rd ed. - M.: Military Publishing, 1987 .-- 366 p. (Code 63.3 (2) 5)
Personalia M. I. Kutuzov
Copies: total: 4 - CDB (1), ChZ (1), F.3 (1), F.7 (1)

9. History of the Russian state: biography, XIX century. - M.: Book. chamber, 1997 .-- 783 p. (Code 63.3 (2))

Instances: total: 1 - CHZ (1)

10. History of the Russian army: illus. ed. - M.: Eksmo, 2007 .-- 766 p. : ill. (Code 68.4 (2))

Instances: total: 1 - CHZ (1)

11. Who is who: newest. ref. shk. - M.: Eksmo: Slovo, 2007. (Code 92)

12. Lubchenkov, Yuri Nikolaevich. Russian generals: for Wednesdays. shk. age / Yu. N. Lubchenkov; artist O. K. Parkhaev. - M.: Bely Gorod, 2007 .-- 47 p. : ill. - (Russian history). (Code 63.3 (2))

Instances: total: 1 - ODL (1)

13. Mikhailov, Oleg Nikolaevich. Kutuzov: History. novel / O. N. Mikhailov. - M.: AST; Astrel, 2004 .-- 572 p. - (Golden Library of Historical Novel). (Code P2)
Personalia Kutuzov M.I.

14. Rakovsky, Leonty Iosifovich. Kutuzov: novel / L. I. Rakovsky. - M.: DOSAAF, 1987. (Code P2)
Personalia Kutuzov M.I.
Copies: total: 3 - AB (1), CDB (1), F.3 (1)

15. Russian generals / [B. A. Almazov, V. T. Novikov, A. P. Manzhola; ed. BA Almazov]. - SPb. : Golden Age: Diamant, 1999 .-- 79 p. : ill. - (Illustrated History of the Fatherland). (Code 63.3 (2))

Instances: total: 1 - AB (1)

16. Soloviev, Vladimir Mikhailovich. History of Russia for children and adults / V. M. Soloviev. - 2nd ed., Rev. and add. - M.: Bely Gorod, 2003 .-- 415 p. : ill. (Code 63.3 (2) i2)

Copies: total: 3 - CDB (1), ODL (1), F.3 (1)

17. Smirnov, A. A. Monument to M. I. Kutuzov / A. A. Smirnov. - M.: Moscow worker, 1986 .-- 76 p. : ill. - / Biography of the Moscow monument /.
Personalia Kutuzov M.I.
Instances: total: 1 - AB (1)

18. Tikhomirov, Oleg Nikolaevich. Victories of Russian weapons: for ml. and Wednesday. shk. age / O. N. Tikhomirov. - M.: Drofa-Plus, 2007 .-- 318 p. - (Fatherland). (Code 63.3 (2))
Personalia M. I. Kutuzov
Copies: total: 4 - CDB (1), ODL (1), F.3 (1), F.5 (1)

19. Shishov, A. V. Generals and military leaders: Krat. biogr. words. / A. V. Shishov. - M.: Ripol-Classic, 2002 .-- 540 p. : portr. - (Brief biographical dictionaries. 300 biographies). (Code 63.3 (0) i2 / Sh65-708240)

Instances: total: 1 - CHZ (1)

2. Dlugolensky, J. Golenishchev-Kutuzov Mikhail Illarionovich (1745-1813) - His Serene Highness Prince, Field Marshal, Member of the State Council / J. Dlugolensky // Star. - 2000. - No. 8.- S. 237-240.
Biography of the commander.
Instances: total: 1 - CHZ (1)

3. Mushinsky, V.O. Field Marshal Kutuzov through the eyes of a writer and historian / V.O. Mushinsky // Teaching history and social studies at school. - 2008. - N 7. - S. 63-69. - Bibliography. in footnotes
Leo Tolstoy about the novel "War and Peace". The role of Kutuzov in the events of 1812
Instances: total: 1 - CDL (1)

4. Romanov, A. S. Their last words ... / A. S. Romanov // History. - 2007. - No. 14. - S. 29-40.
The last words of the great commander.

5. Romanov, I. Kutuzov - to Alexander I: cryptogram / I. Romanov // History. - 2007. - No. 23. - P. 27.
Cryptogram. Having guessed the key words, you can read lines from the reports of the great Russian commander M.I.Kutuzov to Emperor Alexander I about the course of hostilities.
http://his.1september.ru/articlef.php?ID=200702306)
Copies: total: 4 - ChZ (1), CDB (1), F.7 (1), F.3 (1)

6. Ruzhaninov, Victor. Savior of the Fatherland / V. Ruzhaninov // Children's Roman newspaper. - 2009. - N 1. - S. 20-22: ill.
The largest battle of the Patriotic War of 1812 took place at the village of Borodino. Mikhail Illarionovich Kutuzov was appointed commander-in-chief of the Russian troops.
Instances: total: 1 - CDL (1)

7. Smetanina, Y. General, diplomat, courtier: to the 260th anniversary of the birth of Mikhail Illarionovich Kutuzov / Y. Smetanin // History. - 2007. - N 17. - S. 4-5.
(The text of the article can be found at the link: http://his.1september.ru/article.php?ID=200701702)

8. Feklushin, Victor. Battle of Borodino: Russian valor and glory / V. Feklushin // Children's Encyclopedia of the AiF. - 2010. - N 8. - S. 1-56

Instances: total: 2 - CDL (1); ODL (1)

9. Feklushin, V. Russia Faithful Sons: Heroes of the Patriotic War of 1812: thematic. no. / V. Feklushin // Children's encyclopedia of the AiF. - 2011. - No. 11. - 64 p.
Instances: total: 2 - CDL (1); ODL (1)

Bagration P.I.

Prince Pyotr Ivanovich Bagration (1765, according to other sources, 1769-1812) belonged to the ancient family of Georgian kings Bagratids. His grandfather, Tsarevich Alexander, moved to Russia in 1757.

At the age of 17, Pyotr Bagration became a sergeant in the musketeer regiment, took part in the battles in the Caucasus, was seriously wounded. During the Russian-Turkish war of 1787-1791 he distinguished himself during the assault on Ochakov. From 1793 he served under the command of Suvorov, for his courageous and honest character he earned great respect and sympathy from the commander.

Already a general, he took part in the Italian and Swiss campaigns of Suvorov. "My Bagration," wrote Suvorov, "has a presence of mind, quickness, courage and happiness ..." That same military happiness, which "is always on the side of the brave."

The prince enjoyed a reputation not only as a successful and competent commander, but also became famous for his phenomenal courage. He always appeared in the most dangerous places of the battle, and his formidable opponent Napoleon considered Bagration the best general in the Russian army.

The war of 1812, Pyotr Ivanovich met the commander of the 2nd Western Army. Anticipating a clash between Russia and Napoleon, he presented to Alexander I his plan for a future war, based on the idea of ​​an offensive. But the emperor gave preference to the plan of Barclay de Tolly. The Patriotic War began with the retreat of the Russian armies and their movement to join.

Brought up in the Suvorov spirit of offensive Bagration, it was hard to retreat. “It's a shame to wear a uniform,” he wrote to the chief of staff of the 1st Western Army, General Yermolov. “I don’t understand your wise maneuvers. My maneuver is to seek and strike! "

"We'll win or die!" - with these words Bagration addressed the soldiers at the beginning of the war. And he kept his word. Prince Bagration, commanding the left flank of our troops in the battle of Borodino, was mortally wounded during the eighth French attack on the Semyonovskie flashes defended by him. Soon these flashes began to be called Bagrationovskie ... He was transported to the estate of a friend, Prince Golitsyn, in the village of Sima, Vladimir province. The sad news of the surrender of Moscow was hidden from Pyotr Ivanovich for a long time. When one of the guests let it slip, Bagration's condition deteriorated sharply, and on September 12 (24), 1812, he died. The death of the glorious commander was mourned by all of Russia.

In 1839, his ashes were reburied at the Borodino field. He was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Patriotic War of 1812.

Monuments to Bagration have been erected on the Borodino field and in Moscow, on Kutuzovsky Prospect.

Literature about P.I.Bagration

T. 2. - 2005. - 766 p. : ill. (Code 92)
Personalia Bagration P.I.

Personalia Bagration P.I .; Barclay de Tolly M.B .; D.V.Davydov; A.P. Ermolov; Kutuzov M.I .; Miloradovich M. A .; M.I. Platov; Raevsky N.N .; A. A. Tuchkov
Copies: total: 4 - ChZ (1), CDB (1), F.3 (1), F.7 (1)

3. Golubov, Sergei Nikolaevich. Bagration: novel / S. N. Golubov. - M.: Sovremennik, 1979 .-- 336 p. (Code P2)
Personalia Bagration P.I.
Copies: total: 8 - CDB (4), AB (1), ODL (1), F.3 (1), F.4 (1)

4. Gribanov, Vladimir Konstantinovich. Bagration in St. Petersburg / V. K. Gribanov. - L.: Lenizdat, 1979 .-- 223 p. (Code 63.3 (2) 52)
Personalia Bagration P.I.
Instances: total: 1 - AB (1)

5. History of the Russian state: biography, XIX century. - M.: Book. chamber, 1997 .-- 783 p. (Code 63.3 (2))
Personalia Bagration P.I .; Barclay de Tolly M.B .; D.V.Davydov; Durova N.A .; A.P. Ermolov; Kutuzov M.I .; Miloradovich M. A .; Platov M.I.
Instances: total: 1 - CHZ (1)

6. History of the Russian army: illus. ed. - M.: Eksmo, 2007 .-- 766 p. : ill. (Code 68.4 (2) / I 90-350288)
Personalia Kutuzov M.I .; P.I. Bagration; Barclay de Tolly M.B .; Raevsky N.N .; A.P. Ermolov; Davydov D.V.
Instances: total: 1 - CHZ (1)

7. Koginov, Yuri Ivanovich. Bogration: history. novel / Yu. I. Koginov. - M.: AST; Astrel, 2004 .-- 526 p. - (Golden Library of Historical Novel). (Code P2)
Personalia P. I Bagration
Copies: total: 3 - AB (1), CDB (1), F.3 (1)

Personalia Kutuzov M.I .; P.I. Bagration; Barclay de Tolly M.B .; Ermolov A.P.
Copies: total: 4 - CDB (1), ODL (1), F.3 (1), F.5 (1)

Personalia Kutuzov M.I .; P.I. Bagration; Barclay de Tolly M. B.
Instances: total: 1 - ODL (1)

Personalia Bagration P.I .; Barclay de Tolly M.B .; A.P. Ermolov; Kutuzov M.I .; Platov M.I.
Instances: total: 1 - AB (1)

11. Soloviev, Vladimir Mikhailovich. History of Russia for children and adults / V. M. Soloviev. - 2nd ed., Rev. and add. - M.: Bely Gorod, 2003 .-- 415 p. : ill. (Code 63.3 (2) i2)
Personalia Bagration P.I .; Barclay de Tolly M.B .; D.V.Davydov; Durova N.A .; A.P. Ermolov; Kutuzov M.I .; Miloradovich M. A .; Raevsky N. N
Copies: total: 3 - CDB (1), ODL (1), F.3 (1)

12. Shishov, A. V. Generals and military leaders: brief. biogr. words. / A. V. Shishov. - M.: Ripol-Classic, 2002 .-- 540 p .: portr. - (Brief biographical dictionaries. 300 biographies). (Code 63.3 (0) i2)
Personalia Kutuzov M.I .; P.I. Bagration; Barclay de Tolly M.B .; D.V.Davydov; A.P. Ermolov; Miloradovich M. A .; Platov M.I.
Instances: total: 1 - CHZ (1)

Articles from periodicals:

1. Ganin, E. 1812: thematic. no. / E. Ganin // Children's Encyclopedia of the AiF. - 2008. - No. 5. - 73 p.
Instances: total: 2 - CDL (1); ODL (1)

2. Evdokimova, K. V. The commander and hero of the war of 1812: a lesson / K. V. Evdokimova // Read, learn, play. - 2007. - N 10. - S. 75-78
A script dedicated to the life of the famous commander P.I.Bagration.
Instances: total: 1 - CHZ (1)

3. Zhdanov, Yuri. Petr Ivanovich Bagration - "the eagle of the Russian army" / Yu. Zhdanov // Children's novel-newspaper. - 2010. - N 8. - S. 21-22: ill.
Biography of the Russian commander, hero of the Patriotic War of 1812 Peter Ivanovich Bagration.
Instances: total: 1 - CDL (1)

4. Feklushin, Victor. Battle of Borodino: Russian valor and glory / V. Feklushin // Children's Encyclopedia of the AiF. - 2010. - N 8. - S. 1-56
Detailed account of the history of the Battle of Borodino. Biographies of generals.
Instances: total: 2 - CDL (1); ODL (1)

Instances: total: 2 - CDL (1); ODL (1)

Barclay de Tolly M. B.

Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin called Kutuzov the "finisher" of the defeat of the Napoleonic invasion, and considered Barclay de Tolly the "initiator" of this defeat. He dedicated his poem "The General" to him, in which he expressed the tragic fate of the great military leader:

O unhappy leader! Your lot was harsh:
You sacrificed everything to a foreign land to you.
Impenetrable to the sight of the wild rabble,
In silence you walked alone with a great thought,
And, in your name, a sound alien to dislike,
Chasing you with my screams
The people, mysteriously saved by you,
I swore at your sacred gray hair.

Mikhail Bogdanovich Barclay de Tolly (1757, according to other sources, 1761-1818) is a descendant of an old Scottish family. At the beginning of the 17th century, his ancestors moved to Germany, and then to the Baltic States, his grandfather was the mayor of Riga, his father served in the Russian army.

In 1778 Barclay was awarded the first officer rank - cornet. He took part in the Russian-Turkish war of 1787-1791 (for the storming of Ochakov he was awarded the Order of St. Vladimir, 4th degree with a bow). Then he took part in other wars. Despite his military service, it took him 20 years to earn the rank of colonel. And in 1809 he received the rank of general from infantry.

In 1810, Alexander I appointed Barclay de Tolly Minister of War and instructed him to prepare for a war with Napoleonic France. Barclay organized the construction of engineering structures and rear bases, improved staff service and command and control, and created military intelligence. Under him, new principles of combat training of troops entered into practice - training in marksmanship and actions on rough terrain.

The merit of Barclay was the development of the correct strategy against Napoleon. Having received intelligence about the significant numerical superiority of the French troops, he proposed an operational plan designed to drag out hostilities in time and into the depths of Russian territory.

During the war of 1812, he commanded the 1st Western Army, in July-August, before the appointment of Kutuzov, in fact, he commanded all Russian troops. Unfortunately, many in the Russian army did not like the "foreigner" Barclay and did not trust him. And therefore his plan - to withdraw the Russian armies into the interior of the country, to wear down the French - did not find understanding even among the talented generals.

It was they who demanded that the emperor replace Mikhail Bogdanovich as commander-in-chief of the troops by his namesake - Mikhail Illarionovich Kutuzov. But the experienced Kutuzov continued to carry out the tactics of Barclay de Tolly.

In the Battle of Borodino, the center and the right flank were subordinate to Barclay. In a ceremonial uniform, with all orders, with a black-and-red Vladimir ribbon over his shoulder, he appeared in the most dangerous places of the battle, remained under fire for a long time and led the regiments to the attack himself. Barclay's retinue was getting thinner every hour, two of his adjutants were killed, four horses were killed under the general, but he did not receive a single scratch.

The skillful actions of Barclay de Tolly were highly appreciated by Kutuzov, who believed that largely due to the firmness shown by Barclay, "the striving of the superior enemy" to the center of the Russian position was kept, and "his courage exceeded any praise."

At the military council in Fili, Barclay criticized the position taken by General L.L. Bennigsen for the decisive battle near Moscow, and was the first to strongly support the abandonment of Moscow in order to preserve the army.

During the overseas campaigns of 1813-1814, the troops under the command of Barclay de Tolly distinguished themselves in several important battles and completed the defeat of the Napoleonic troops. Barclay de Tolly received the rank of Field Marshal and was awarded the Order of St. George, 1st degree.

Russia owes Barclay, along with Kutuzov, its salvation in 1812. Of course, Barclay de Tolly, as a general with a foreign name and a very reserved character, act in people's war it was more difficult than the chosen one of the people - Kutuzov, but the glorious monument erected to him next to Kutuzov, in front of the Kazan Cathedral, is a worthy reward for this valiant defender of Russia.

Literature about M. B. Barclay de Tolly

1.Balyazin, Voldemar Nikolaevich. Loyalty and Patience: History. novel / V. N. Balyazin. - M.: AST; Ermak; M.: Astrel, 2004 .-- 541 p. - (Golden Library of Historical Novel). (Code P2)
Personalia Barclay de Tolly M.B.
Copies: total: 3 - AB (1), CDB (1), F.3 (1)

2. Bantysh-Kamensky, Dmitry Nikolaevich. Biographies of Russian generalissimos and field marshals general. Ch. 1-2 / D.N.Bantysh-Kamensky. - M.: Culture, 1991. (Code 63.3 (2))

Instances: total: 1 - CHZ (1)

3. Great Russian Encyclopedia: in 30 volumes / [chairman of the scientific-ed. Council of Yu. S. Osipov; otv. ed. S. L. Kravets]. - M.: BRE
T. 3. - 2005 .-- 766 p. : ill. (Code 92)
Personalia Barclay de Tolly M.B.

4. Great Encyclopedia of Russia. All regions of the country, geography, politics, economics, history, culture, biographies of more than 2000 great and famous people of Russia. - M.: Eksmo, 2008 .-- 1023 p. (Code 92)
Personalia Bagration P.I .; Barclay de Tolly M.B .; D.V.Davydov; A.P. Ermolov; Kutuzov M.I .; Miloradovich M. A .; M.I. Platov; Raevsky N.N .; A. A. Tuchkov
Copies: total: 4 - ChZ (1), CDB (1), F.3 (1), F.7 (1)

5. Heroes of 1812: collection / [comp. V. Levchenko]. - M.: Mol. Guard, 1987 .-- 606 p. : ill. - (The life of remarkable people: ZhZL: ser. Biogr.; Issue 11 (680). (Code 63.3 (2) 52)

6. History of the Russian state: biography, XIX century. - M.: Book. chamber, 1997 .-- 783 p. (Code 63.3 (2))
Personalia Bagration P.I .; Barclay de Tolly M.B .; D.V.Davydov; Durova N.A .; A.P. Ermolov; Kutuzov M.I .; Miloradovich M. A .; Platov M.I.
Instances: total: 1 - CHZ (1)

7. History of the Russian army: illus. ed. - M.: Eksmo, 2007 .-- 766 p. : ill. (Code 68.4 (2))
Personalia Kutuzov M.I .; P.I. Bagration; Barclay de Tolly M.B .; Raevsky N.N .; A.P. Ermolov; Davydov D.V.
Instances: total: 1 - CHZ (1)

8. Who is who: newest. ref. shk. - M.: Eksmo: Slovo, 2007. (Code 92)
Personalia Kutuzov M.I .; P.I. Bagration; Barclay de Tolly M.B .; Ermolov A.P.
Copies: total: 4 - CDB (1), ODL (1), F.3 (1), F.5 (1)

9. Lubchenkov, Yuri Nikolaevich. Russian generals: for Wednesdays. shk. age / Yu. N. Lubchenkov; artist O. K. Parkhaev. - M.: Bely Gorod, 2007 .-- 47 p. : ill. - (Russian history). (Code 63.3 (2))
Personalia Kutuzov M.I .; P.I. Bagration; Barclay de Tolly M. B.
Instances: total: 1 - ODL (1)

10. Russian generals / [B. A. Almazov, V. T. Novikov, A. P. Manzhola; ed. BA Almazov]. - SPb. : Golden Age: Diamant, 1999 .-- 79 p. : ill. - (Illustrated History of the Fatherland). (Code 63.3 (2))
Personalia Bagration P.I .; Barclay de Tolly M.B .; A.P. Ermolov; Kutuzov M.I .; Platov M.I.
Instances: total: 1 - AB (1)

11. Soloviev, Vladimir Mikhailovich. History of Russia for children and adults / V. M. Soloviev. - 2nd ed., Rev. and add. - M.: Bely Gorod, 2003 .-- 415 p. : ill. (Code 63.3 (2) i2 / C60-274874)
Personalia Bagration P.I .; Barclay de Tolly M.B .; D.V.Davydov; Durova N.A .; A.P. Ermolov; Kutuzov M.I .; Miloradovich M. A .; Raevsky N. N
Copies: total: 3 - CDB (1), ODL (1), F.3 (1)

12. Shishov, A. V. Generals and military leaders: brief. biogr. words. / A. V. Shishov. - M.: Ripol-Classic, 2002 .-- 540 p. : portr. - (Brief biographical dictionaries. 300 biographies). (Code 63.3 (0) i2)
Personalia Kutuzov M.I .; P.I. Bagration; Barclay de Tolly M.B .; D.V.Davydov; A.P. Ermolov; Miloradovich M. A .; Platov M.I.
Instances: total: 1 - CHZ (1)

Articles from periodicals:

1. Barclay de Tolly MB Image of the First Army's military operations in 1812 / MB Barclay de Tolly. - (Testimonies) // History. - 2002. - No. 13. - S. 8-13.
Fragments from the reports of General Barclay de Tolly to Alexander I are being published, referring to the period of his activity when he was replaced as commander-in-chief by Mikhail Illarionovich Kutuzov.
(The text of the article can be found at the link: http://his.1september.ru/article.php?ID=200201303)

2. Bezotosny, Victor. Russian intelligence in 1812 / V. Bezotosny; artist I. Sakurov. - (Milestones in history) // Around the world. - 2012. - No. 1. - P.88-95.
The history of the creation of Russian military intelligence on the eve of the war with Napoleon. Military residents and major intelligence services operations in the 1812 War.
Instances: total: 1 - CHZ (1)

Instances: total: 2 - CDL (1); ODL (1)

4. Gorelik, P. Everyone - an equestrian monument! / P. Gorelik // New time. - 2006. - N 18. - C. 49.
Reflection on xenophobia on the example of the fate of the Russian Field Marshal Barclay de Tolly.
Instances: total: 1 - CHZ (1)

5. Zapalsky, G. M.B. Barclay de Tolly through the eyes of contemporaries / G. Zapalsky // Teaching history at school. - 1998. - No. 2. - S. 27-31.
Instances: total: 1 - CHZ (1)

6. Tartakovsky, A. Unsolved Barclay / A. Tartakovsky // Star. - 1993. - No. 8. - S. 138-183.
Instances: total: 1 - CHZ (1)

7. Feklushin, Victor. Battle of Borodino: Russian valor and glory / V. Feklushin // Children's Encyclopedia of the AiF. - 2010. - N 8. - S. 1-56
Detailed account of the history of the Battle of Borodino. Biographies of generals.
Instances: total: 2 - CDL (1); ODL (1)

Instances: total: 2 - CDL (1); ODL (1)

Davydov D.V.

Denis Vasilyevich Davydov (1784-1839), a brave warrior, a famous writer and poet, recalled: “From the age of seven I lived under a soldier's tent. The fun of my childhood consisted of throwing a gun and marching, and the height of bliss was in riding a Cossack horse. "

When Denis was nine years old, he met Suvorov himself, who came to visit the estate of his father, Vasily Denisovich Davydov. Having looked closely at the son of his old friend and fellow soldier, the great commander said: "This brave one will be a military man, I will not die, but he will win three battles already."

At the beginning of 1807, Denis Davydov was appointed adjutant to Bagration. Before that, in one of his poems, he allowed himself to joke about Bagration's long nose and therefore was a little afraid of the first meeting with the general. Bagration did not forget about the poetic freedom of the cheerful hussar and, seeing Denis, said to the officers present: "This is the one who made fun of my nose." To which the very snub-nosed Davydov, not at a loss, replied that he wrote about Bagration's nose only out of envy, because he practically does not have a nose. Bagration liked the joke. After that, he often, when he was told that “the enemy was on the nose,” asked again: “On whose nose? If on mine, then you can still dine, and if on Denisov, then on horses. "

When peace was concluded in Tilsit between the French and Russian emperors, many did not approve of it. Bagration said he was sick and sent Davydov in his place. Davydov was very pleased that Napoleon was even shorter than he was, and when at the meeting Napoleon tried to "peep" Denis, Davydov did not lower his eyes.

On the eve of the war of 1812, Lieutenant Colonel Davydov was assigned to the Akhtyrka hussar regiment. After the Battle of Borodino, he led a flying partisan detachment. With 130 hussars in one of the sorties, he took 370 French prisoners, while beating off 200 Russian prisoners, ammunition and provisions.

The mood that dominated all Russian partisans in those days was later expressed by Denis Davydov in his poem "To Comrade 1812":

We are both flying on a long journey, my comrade,
Where the battle is in full swing, where the Russian bayonet is raging ...

Every day brought new successes to the partisans. Their actions infuriated Napoleon. He ordered to hunt down Davydov and shoot him on the spot when arrested. A detachment of two thousand horsemen was assigned to capture the brave partisan. But Davydov, who had half the number of people, managed to drive this detachment into a trap and take prisoner along with all the officers. Davydov's successful actions served as an example for the creation of other partisan detachments.

Another poet and warrior, Fyodor Glinka, wrote about him:

Barbel. Mind, pen, he is sharp, like a French;
But the saber is terrible for the French ...

Legends were made about Davydov's courage and luck. The poet N. Yazykov, a friend of Denis Vasilyevich, wrote in his "Epistle to Davydov":

A lot this bloody year,
Into this mortal struggle
You took away the glory of your enemies,
You are a black-haired fighter
With a white curl on his forehead! ..

During the capture of Paris, five horses were killed under him, but he, together with his Cossacks, broke through the ranks of the French hussars to the enemy's battery and decided the outcome of the battle. Davydov returned to Russia as a general.

Literature about D.V.Davydov

1. Begunova, Alla Igorevna. Sabers are sharp, horses are fast ... / A. I. Begunova. - M.: Mol. guard, 1992. (Code 68.51)
Personalia D. V. Davydov
Copies: total: 5 - ChZ (1), CDB (3), F.3 (1)

2. Great Russian Encyclopedia: in 30 volumes / [Chairman of the Scientific-Ed. Council of Yu. S. Osipov; otv. ed. S. L. Kravets]. - M.: BRE
T. 8. - 2007 .-- 766 p. : ill. (Code 92)
Personalia Davydov D.V.
Copies: total: 5 - ChZ (1), CDB (1), F.7 (1), F.3 (1), F.5 (1)

3. Great Encyclopedia of Russia. All regions of the country, geography, politics, economics, history, culture, biographies of more than 2000 great and famous people of Russia. - M.: Eksmo, 2008 .-- 1023 p. (Code 92)
Personalia Bagration P.I .; Barclay de Tolly M.B .; D.V.Davydov; A.P. Ermolov; Kutuzov M.I .; Miloradovich M. A .; M.I. Platov; Raevsky N.N .; A. A. Tuchkov
Copies: total: 4 - ChZ (1), CDB (1), F.3 (1), F.7 (1)

4. History of the Russian state: biography, XIX century. - M.: Book. chamber, 1997 .-- 783 p. (Code 63.3 (2))
Personalia Bagration P.I .; Barclay de Tolly M.B .; D.V.Davydov; Durova N.A .; A.P. Ermolov; Kutuzov M.I .; Miloradovich M. A .; Platov M.I.
Instances: total: 1 - CHZ (1)

5. History of the Russian army: illus. ed. - M.: Eksmo, 2007 .-- 766 p. : ill. (Code 68.4 (2))
Personalia Kutuzov M.I .; P.I. Bagration; Barclay de Tolly M.B .; Raevsky N.N .; A.P. Ermolov; Davydov D.V.
Instances: total: 1 - CHZ (1)

6. Pukhov, Vitaly Vasilievich. Denis Davydov / V.V. Pukhov. - M.: Sovremennik, 1984 .-- 215 p. - (For lovers of Russian literature). (Code 83.3R1-8)
Personalia D. V. Davydov
Instances: total: 1 - CHZ (1)

Personalia Bagration P.I .; Barclay de Tolly M.B .; D.V.Davydov; Durova N.A .; A.P. Ermolov; Kutuzov M.I .; Miloradovich M. A .; Raevsky N. N
Copies: total: 3 - CDB (1), ODL (1), F.3 (1)

Personalia Kutuzov M.I .; P.I. Bagration; Barclay de Tolly M.B .; D.V.Davydov; A.P. Ermolov; Miloradovich M. A .; Platov M.I.
Instances: total: 1 - CHZ (1)

Articles from periodicals:

1. Alexandrov, Alexey. Hussar ballad / A. Alexandrov. - (Fact) // Caravan of stories. - 2009. - N 3. - S. 270-279: fot.
From the life of the Russian poet and hussar Denis Davydov.
Instances: total: 2 - AB (1); F.3 (1)

2. Arzhakova, Larisa. "The crucible of Polish intrigues ...": Russian hussar and eternal question/ L. Arzhakova. - (Grunwald, Poland and we). - (Anatomy of a Conflict) // Homeland. - 2010. - N 7. - S. 47-48: photo. - Bibliography. in the note.
The Polish question in the work of Denis Davydov.

3. Ganin, E. 1812: thematic. no. / E. Ganin // Children's Encyclopedia of the AiF. - 2008. - No. 5. - 73 p.
Instances: total: 2 - CDL (1); ODL (1)

4. Druzhinina, TV "Hero of the twelfth year, indomitable partisan ..." / TV Druzhinina // Reading, learning, playing. - 2004. - N 4. - S. 51-55.
The script for a literary evening about D.V. Davydov.
Instances: total: 1 - CHZ (1)

5. Zarkhi, S. B. Confession of the heart: literary evening / S. B. Zarkhi // Read, learn, play. - 2009. - N 4. - S. 13-30.
Evening dedicated to the life and work of the poet D. V. Davydov.

6. Lyashenko, L. Wonderful Muscovites / L. Lyashenko // History. - 2009. - No. 13. - S. 26-32.
About the freedom-loving character of Denis Davydov.
Instances: total: 3 - ЧЗ (1); CDB (1); F.3 (1)

7. Feklushin, Victor. Battle of Borodino: Russian valor and glory / V. Feklushin // Children's Encyclopedia of the AiF. - 2010. - N 8. - S. 1-56
Detailed account of the history of the Battle of Borodino. Biographies of generals.
Instances: total: 2 - CDL (1); ODL (1)

8. Feklushin, V. Russia Faithful Sons: Heroes of the Patriotic War of 1812: thematic. no. / V. Feklushin // Children's encyclopedia of the AiF. - 2011. - No. 11. - 64 p.
Instances: total: 2 - CDL (1); ODL (1)

9. Yarkho, V. Heroism and cruelty: little-known pages of the Patriotic War of 1812 / V. Yarkho // History. - 2007. - No. 13. - S. 4-13.
Partisan movement. Heroes of the war of 1812.
(The text of the article can be found at the link: http://his.1september.ru/articlef.php?ID=200701302)
Instances: total: 4 - ЧЗ (1); CDB (1); F.3 (1); F.7 (1)

Durova N.A.

The first female officer in Russia, Nadezhda Andreevna Durova (1783-1866), aroused surprise and admiration among her contemporaries. During her lifetime, she became a legend. Nadezhda's father was a hussar officer, from childhood she heard stories about military campaigns, learned to control a horse perfectly and masterfully wield a weapon. “The saddle,” said Durova, “was my first cradle; horse, weapons and regimental music - the first children's toys and fun ”.

Growing up, she decided to enter the military. In 1806, disguised as a male Cossack costume, Durova left home and, posing as a nobleman who wanted to join the army against the will of her parents, joined the Cossack regiment. She called herself Alexander Vasilyevich Sokolov and under this name in 1807 she participated in battles against Napoleonic troops in Prussia. There she had a chance to meet with Emperor Alexander I. Nadezhda Durova confessed everything to him. The emperor promised to keep her secret. Upon learning that she had saved a wounded officer on the battlefield, he awarded Durov with the soldier's St.George cross and ordered him to be enrolled in the Mariupol hussar regiment under the name of the cornet Alexandrov.

In 1812, Nadezhda Durova served in the Uhlan regiment. She went all the way from the border to Tarutin, received the rank of lieutenant, for a short time was Kutuzov's adjutant.

“I love military craft from the day I was born,” wrote Nadezhda in those days, “and I consider the title of a warrior the noblest of all and the only one in which no vices can be assumed, because fearlessness is the first and necessary quality of a warrior; the greatness of the soul is inseparable with fearlessness ... "

Meanwhile, rumors of the existence of a female officer began to spread slowly in the army. Durova wrote:

“Everyone talks about it, but nobody knows anything; everyone thinks possible, but nobody believes; I have been told more than once my own story with all possible distortions: one described me as a beauty, another as a freak, the third as an old woman, the fourth gave me gigantic growth and brutal appearance. Judging by these descriptions, I could be sure that no one’s suspicions would ever stop on me, if it were not for one circumstance: I was supposed to wear a mustache, but they are not and, of course, will not be ... Often they already laugh at me, saying: "And what, brother, when will we wait for your mustache?"

Nadezhda Vasilievna retired in 1816, lived in St. Petersburg, Ukraine, was bored, looked after many dogs and cats ... and was engaged in literary activities. Durova's work was highly appreciated by Pushkin. He wrote that she owned a pen "fast, picturesque and fiery." Especially popular were her autobiographical notes "The Cavalry Maiden", published in 1836.

Durova died in 1866 in the city of Elabuga. And the monument on her grave, made at the expense of the officers of the regiment in which she once served, appeared only in 1901.

The life of a cavalry girl served as a plot for several literary works, the most famous of which is the play by Alexander Gladkov "Once upon a time", based on which in 1962 Eldar Ryazanov shot the film "The Hussar Ballad". The adventures of the heroine of the play and the film, Shurochka Azarova, do not in all coincide with real life Durova's hopes, but they very accurately convey the unprecedented patriotic upsurge that swept all of Russia in 1812.

Literature about N. A. Durova

1. Great Russian Encyclopedia: in 30 volumes / [Chairman of the Scientific-Ed. Council of Yu. S. Osipov; otv. ed. S. L. Kravets]. - M.: BRE

Personalia Durova N.A.
Copies: total: 5 - ChZ (1), CDB (1), F.3 (1), F.5 (1), F.7 (1)

2. Duparc, Edouard de la Barre. Warriors. About the most beautiful and most fearless: trans. with fr. / E. Duparc. - M.: Eksmo, 2007 .-- 313 p. (Code 63.3 (0))
Personalia Durova N.A.
Copies: total: 3 - AB (1), F.1 (1), F.3 (1)

Personalia Bagration P.I .; Barclay de Tolly M.B .; D.V.Davydov; Durova N.A .; A.P. Ermolov; Kutuzov M.I .; Miloradovich M. A .; Platov M.I.
Instances: total: 1 - CHZ (1)

Personalia Bagration P.I .; Barclay de Tolly M.B .; D.V.Davydov; Durova N.A .; A.P. Ermolov; Kutuzov M.I .; Miloradovich M. A .; Raevsky N. N
Copies: total: 3 - CDB (1), ODL (1), F.3 (1)

5. Charskaya, Lidia Alekseevna. Brave life: ist. story / L. A. Charskaya; formalized. series by A. Vlasova; silt E. Popkova. - M .: Astrel; AST, 2001 .-- 301 p. - (Favorite books of girls). (Code P1)
Personalia N. Durov
Copies: total: 5 - CDB (3), ODL (1), F.3 (1)

Articles from periodicals:

1. Ganin, E. 1812: thematic. no. / E. Ganin // Children's Encyclopedia of the AiF. - 2008. - No. 5. - 73 p.
Instances: total: 2 - CDL (1); ODL (1)

2. Grahova, Anna. Cavalry girl / A. Grakhova, A. Abzalov. - (Patriotic War of 1912) // Young local historian. - 2010. - N 1. - S. 35-40 .: 2 port., 4 ph ..
About Nadezhda Andreevna Durova - the first female officer in the Russian army.
Instances: total: 1 - CDL (1)

3. Popova, Elena Nikolaevna. A feat of valor and honor / E. N. Popova. - (Lesson Schedule) // Game Library. - 2011. - N 3. - S. 4-15 .: fot.
The scenario of the evening for grades 7-11, dedicated to the heroes of the Patriotic War of 1812.
Instances: total: 1 - OIBR (1)

4. Rossinskaya, S. V. Cavalry girl / S. V. Rossinskaya // About the life and work of N. A. Durova.
Instances: total: 3 - ЧЗ (1); CDB (1); F.3 (1)

5. Feklushin, V. Russia Faithful Sons: Heroes of the Patriotic War of 1812: thematic. no. / V. Feklushin // Children's encyclopedia of the AiF. - 2011. - No. 11. - 64 p.
Instances: total: 2 - CDL (1); ODL (1)

6. Khlupina, E. A. Hussar ballad: history. evening / E. A. Khlupina // Reading, learning, playing. - 2009. - N 6. - S. 92-96.
A script dedicated to the life of the writer N. A. Durova.
The first female officer in Russia.
Instances: total: 3 - ЧЗ (1); CDB (1); F.3 (1)

7. Shatsky, EO Patriotic potential of L. A. Charskoy's story "Brave Life" / E. O. Shatsky. - (In the laboratory of a scientist) // Primary School... - 2010. - N 3. - S. 97-100. - Bibliography: p. 100 (3 names)
About the historical story "Brave Life" by Lydia Alekseevna Charskaya. The story tells about the first Russian woman officer, Nadezhda Durova. The story contributes to the patriotic education of younger students.
Instances: total: 2 - CDL (1); F.3 (1)

Ermolov A.P.

Alexei Petrovich Ermolov (1777, according to other sources, 1772-1861) at different periods of our history was remembered in different ways: as a combat general, one of the heroes of the Patriotic War of 1812 and the Foreign campaigns of the Russian army, an artillery enthusiast; then as a person close to the Decembrists; and then - as a cruel pacifier of the Caucasus ... Contemporaries spoke of him as a man of rare will, energy and courage. However, probably, in the biography of each person, you can find both dark and light sides ...

Alexey Ermolov was, first of all, a soldier, a military man to the core. He met the war with Napoleon as a major general, chief of staff of the 1st Western Army. However, Yermolov met with the French on the battlefield back in 1805-1807 and even then showed himself to be a talented military leader.

In 1812, 35-year-old Major General Yermolov was appointed chief of staff of the 1st Western Army, Barclay de Tolly. He did a lot for the successful connection of the two armies near Smolensk, was the organizer of the defense of this city, then successfully led the troops in the battle at Lubino and was promoted to lieutenant general.

Alexei Petrovich became famous in the Battle of Borodino. In the midst of the battle, Kutuzov sent him to the left flank, to the 2nd Army, where Bagration was seriously wounded. Ermolov helped to overcome the confusion of the troops left without a commander. He saw that the French broke into Kurgan Hill, where Rayevsky's battery was stationed. Fierce hand-to-hand fighting ensued. The enemy turned the captured guns towards the Russian side, splattered buckshot. The soldiers of the 3rd Ufa regiment wavered and began to retreat. But they were stopped by two Russian generals - Ermolov and the chief of all artillery in the Battle of Borodino, Alexander Kutaisov. Standing in front of the formation, they led the infantry in a counterattack. Soldiers from other battalions joined the Ufa residents and stormed the battery with a united blow.

Kutaisov died in this battle. During the attack, several enemy cores exploded next to him. The explosion was so powerful that the comrades after the battle could not find the body of the brave general. Only his faithful horse came running to his own. Ermolov was wounded, but did not leave the formation and continued to lead the defense of the height.

Poet V. Zhukovsky wrote about Ermolov after Borodino in his poem "A Singer in the Camp of Russian Warriors":

Praise to the companions-leaders!
Ermolov, young knight,
You are a brother of arms, you are the life of the regiments,
And your fear is perun.

After Borodin, Ermolov took part in the council in Fili, where the fate of Moscow was decided. He left interesting notes about this event, which still serve as valuable material for historians for research.

In 1816, the emperor appoints Yermolov commander-in-chief in the Caucasus, where at this time the fire of the Caucasian war was already beginning to flare up. And in 1827 he was removed from this post, as he was involved in the "Decembrist affair" (the conspirators included Yermolov in the proposed Provisional Revolutionary Government). Did Yermolov know about this? In any case, he was noticed in the patronage of those Decembrists who were exiled not to Siberia, but to the Caucasus, to the army in the field.

Ermolov was in disgrace for 35 years, but when alarming clouds hung over his homeland Crimean War, Alexey Petrovich, already a middle-aged man, becomes the head of the Moscow militia ...

Many contemporaries spoke enthusiastically about General Ermolov, including A.S. Griboyedov, who wrote about him: "A patriot, a lofty soul, plans and abilities are exactly the state ..." A.S. Pushkin visited Ermolov (who was already retired, living in Orel) on his way to the Caucasus in 1829. In memory of the famous general, one of the streets of Moscow bears his name.

It is interesting:

Let's open "Essays on the Battle of Borodino" by Fyodor Glinka. This is what he writes about the battle for Kurgan Heights. When the French managed to capture it, they turned their guns against the Russians. “A terrible fire flashed from the front of the redoubt ... The column grew thinner, worried. There was a minute, the soldiers ... stopped. And then Yermolov used a means, about which the story still remains among the favorite soldier's legends ... He, like the chief of staff, had a stock of St. George's crosses in his uniform pocket ... He took out a handful of crosses, shouted: “Guys, follow us ! Whoever gets there will take it! " And then he began to throw crosses far ahead of him ... Crosses flashed, the crowd fled, "hurray!" thundered. And thus, from cross to cross, we came to the very redoubt. The redoubt yawned with smoke and flame, sent a storm of buckshot, spattered an oblique rain of bullets; the ranks fell, others were embarrassed and burst into the fortification. "

Literature about A.P. Ermolov

1. Great Russian Encyclopedia: in 30 volumes / [Chairman of the Scientific-Ed. Council of Yu. S. Osipov; otv. ed. S. L. Kravets]. - M.: BRE
T. 9. - 2007 .-- 766 p. : ill. (Code 92)
Personalia Ermolov A.P.
Copies: total: 5 - ChZ (1), CDB (1), F.3 (1), F.5 (1), F.7 (1)

2. Great Encyclopedia of Russia. All regions of the country, geography, politics, economics, history, culture, biographies of more than 2000 great and famous people of Russia. - M.: Eksmo, 2008 .-- 1023 p. (Code 92)
Personalia Bagration P.I .; Barclay de Tolly M.B .; D.V.Davydov; A.P. Ermolov; Kutuzov M.I .; Miloradovich M. A .; M.I. Platov; Raevsky N.N .; A. A. Tuchkov
Copies: total: 4 - ChZ (1), CDB (1), F.3 (1), F.7 (1)

3. History of the Russian state: biography, XIX century. - M.: Book. chamber, 1997 .-- 783 p. (Code 63.3 (2))
Personalia Bagration P.I .; Barclay de Tolly M.B .; D.V.Davydov; Durova N.A .; A.P. Ermolov; Kutuzov M.I .; Miloradovich M. A .; Platov M.I.
Instances: total: 1 - CHZ (1)

4. History of the Russian army: illus. ed. - M.: Eksmo, 2007 .-- 766 p. : ill. (Code 68.4 (2))
Personalia Kutuzov M.I .; P.I. Bagration; Barclay de Tolly M.B .; Raevsky N.N .; A.P. Ermolov; Davydov D.V.
Instances: total: 1 - CHZ (1)

5. Who is who: newest. ref. shk. - M.: Eksmo: Slovo, 2007. (Code 92)
Personalia Kutuzov M.I .; P.I. Bagration; Barclay de Tolly M.B .; Ermolov A.P.
Copies: total: 4 - CDB (1), ODL (1), F.3 (1), F.5 (1)

6. Russian generals / [B. A. Almazov, V. T. Novikov, A. P. Manzhola; ed. BA Almazov]. - SPb .: Golden Age: Diamant, 1999 .-- 79 p .: ill. - (Illustrated History of the Fatherland). (Code 63.3 (2))
Personalia Bagration P.I .; Barclay de Tolly M.B .; A.P. Ermolov; Kutuzov M.I .; Platov M.I.
Instances: total: 1 - AB (1)

7. Soloviev, Vladimir Mikhailovich. History of Russia for children and adults / V. M. Soloviev. - 2nd ed., Rev. and add. - M.: Bely Gorod, 2003 .-- 415 p. : ill. (Code 63.3 (2) i2)
Personalia Bagration P.I .; Barclay de Tolly M.B .; D.V.Davydov; Durova N.A .; A.P. Ermolov; Kutuzov M.I .; Miloradovich M. A .; Raevsky N. N
Copies: total: 3 - CDB (1), ODL (1), F.3 (1)

8. Shishov, A. V. Generals and military leaders: krat. biogr. words. / A. V. Shishov. - M.: Ripol-Classic, 2002 .-- 540 p. : portr. - (Brief biographical dictionaries. 300 biographies). (Code 63.3 (0) i2)
Personalia Kutuzov M.I .; P.I. Bagration; Barclay de Tolly M.B .; D.V.Davydov; A.P. Ermolov; Miloradovich M. A .; Platov M.I.
Instances: total: 1 - CHZ (1)

Articles from periodicals:

1. Biryukov, Andrey. Alexey Petrovich Ermolov and the Oryol Territory / A. Biryukov. - (The Patriotic War of 1812): Ermolov and the Oryol Territory // Young local historian. - 2009. - N 10. - S. 28-33. - Bibliography: p. 33 (11 sources)
About the historical places in the city of Orel and the Oryol region associated with the name of the Russian general of the Patriotic War of 1812 Alexei Petrovich Ermolov.
Instances: total: 1 - CDL (1)

2. Ganin, E. 1812: thematic. no. / E. Ganin // Children's Encyclopedia of the AiF. - 2008. - No. 5. - 73 p.
Instances: total: 2 - CDL (1); ODL (1)

3. Degoev, V. Three silhouettes Caucasian War: A. P. Ermolov, M. S. Vorontsov, A. I. Baryatinsky / V. Degoev // Star. - 2000. - No. 9. - S. 138-163.
Instances: total: 1 - CHZ (1)

4. Rothko, Maria. Alexey Petrovich Ermolov / M. Rothko. - (Patriotic War of 1812): Ermolov // Young local historian. - 2009. - N 1. - S. 34-37: 2 phot., 2 fig.
About the hero of the Patriotic War of 1812, General A.P. Ermolov.
Instances: total: 1 - CDL (1)

5. Feklushin, V. Russia Faithful Sons: Heroes of the Patriotic War of 1812: thematic. no. / V. Feklushin // Children's encyclopedia of the AiF. - 2011. - No. 11. - 64 p.
Instances: total: 2 - CDL (1); ODL (1)

6. Figner, A. V. Mysterious visitor: [from memoirs] / A. V. Figner. - (On the seven winds) // Miracles and Adventures. - 2009. - N 7. - S. 54.
From the memoirs of General Alexei Petrovich Ermolov.
Instances: total: 2 - AB (1); F.5 (1)

Miloradovich M.A.

Mikhail Andreevich Miloradovich (1771-1825) came from an ancient family of Serbian nobles who entered the Russian service under Peter I. His military career began during the Russian-Swedish war of 1788-1790, and in total he participated in more than 50 battles.

In 1799, already in the rank of major general, Miloradovich distinguished himself in the Italian and Swiss campaigns of Suvorov. A well-known painting by Vasily Surikov "Suvorov's Crossing the Alps". Miloradovich also made a dizzying march on this campaign. His soldiers got to the ridge of the Alpine slope and thought: "How can we go down?" - "That's how!" - The general threw himself on his back and rolled down the mountain. The soldiers flew after him like a whirlwind. The enemy below was overturned and crushed.

From Suvorov, Miloradovich took over enterprise, prowess, and the ability to earn the love of soldiers. In 1805 he commanded a brigade and successfully fought the French. During the Russian-Turkish war of 1806-1812, he again showed himself as an active and brave commander. In 1806, Miloradovich liberated Bucharest: with 7 thousand soldiers, he went against 12 thousand Turks and forced the enemy to retreat in a bayonet battle.

In the battle of Borodino, the infantry general Miloradovich commanded the troops of the right flank, after the battle he was appointed head of the rearguard and ensured the withdrawal of the Russian army in Tarutino. A born warrior, in moments of greatest danger he was especially lively and cheerful. At the very beginning of the battle, when the French cannons spoke, the enemy's core fell directly at the feet of Miloradovich's horse. Mikhail Andreevich chuckled: "You see, the enemy salutes us."

General Ermolov, who himself never bowed to bullets, once wrote to General Miloradovich: "To be everywhere under Your Excellency, you must have a spare life!" Miloradovich was very popular in the army. Poets wrote to him, including Fyodor Glinka:

Soon we will hear the call for battle
And let's go forward again;
Miloradovich with him
Will lead us to victory! ..

When the offensive of the Russian troops began, Miloradovich commanded the vanguard and beat the French more than once. For example, on October 22, 1812, near Vyazma, the vanguard of the Russian army under the command of Miloradovich and ataman Platov (25 thousand people) engaged in battle with four French corps (37 thousand people in total). The skirmish ended with a brilliant victory for the Russian troops. The French lost 8.5 thousand people killed, wounded and captured.

During the overseas campaign of the Russian army in 1813-1814, Mikhail Andreevich took part in the most dangerous battles and was awarded the Order of St. Andrew the First-Called and the title of count. As the motto for his count's coat of arms, he chose the words: "My honesty supports me."

But Miloradovich, unlike many comrades-in-arms in the glorious deeds of 1812, died not on the battlefield, but on the fateful day of December 14, 1825, when the rebellious troops entered the Senate Square in St. Petersburg. He was mortally wounded by the Decembrist P.G. Kakhovsky. Dying, he gave freedom to all his serfs.

It is interesting:

Once Miloradovich was informed that Napoleonic Marshal Murat, being at the French outposts, not paying attention to the shooting of Russian rangers, was drinking champagne. The entire French army spoke of the courage of the Gascon. Offended to the quick, Miloradovich ordered a light camp table to be placed in front of the Russian posts and, in front of the confused French, not only drank champagne, but also ate a three-course dinner.

Literature about M.A.Miloradovich

Personalia Bagration P.I .; Barclay de Tolly M.B .; D.V.Davydov; A.P. Ermolov; Kutuzov M.I .; Miloradovich M. A .; M.I. Platov; Raevsky N.N .; A. A. Tuchkov
Copies: total: 4 - ChZ (1), CDB (1), F.3 (1), F.7 (1)

2. History of the Russian state: biography, XIX century. - M .: Book. chamber, 1997 .-- 783 p. (Code 63.3 (2))
Personalia Bagration P.I .; Barclay de Tolly M.B .; D.V.Davydov; Durova N.A .; A.P. Ermolov; Kutuzov M.I .; Miloradovich M. A .; Platov M.I.
Instances: total: 1 - CHZ (1)

3. Soloviev, Vladimir Mikhailovich. History of Russia for children and adults / V. M. Soloviev. - 2nd ed., Rev. and add. - M.: Bely Gorod, 2003 .-- 415 p. : ill. (Code 63.3 (2) i2)
Personalia Bagration P.I .; Barclay de Tolly M.B .; D.V.Davydov; Durova N.A .; A.P. Ermolov; Kutuzov M.I .; Miloradovich M. A .; Raevsky N. N
Copies: total: 3 - CDB (1), ODL (1), F.3 (1)

4. Shishov, A. V. Generals and military leaders: krat. biogr. words. / A. V. Shishov. - M.: Ripol-Classic, 2002 .-- 540 p. : portr. - (Brief biographical dictionaries. 300 biographies). (Code 63.3 (0) i2)
Personalia Kutuzov M.I .; P.I. Bagration; Barclay de Tolly M.B .; D.V.Davydov; A.P. Ermolov; Miloradovich M. A .; Platov M.I.
Instances: total: 1 - CHZ (1)

Articles from periodicals:

1. Ganin, E. 1812: thematic. no. / E. Ganin // Children's Encyclopedia of the AiF. - 2008. - No. 5. - 73 p.
Instances: total: 2 - CDL (1); ODL (1)

2. Gol, N. Hero / N. Gol // Neva. - 2000. - No. 11. - S. 149-158.
About the hero of the war of 1812 Mikhail Andreevich Miloradovich. Died on December 14, 1825 at Senate Square.
Instances: total: 1 - CHZ (1)

3. Lobachev, V. Features of the national war. Murat and Miloradovich / V. Lobachev // Science and religion. - 2002. - N 9. - S. 6-9.
Instances: total: 3 - ЧЗ (1); CDB (1); F.7 (1)

4. Safonov, Mikhail. The death of the Russian Bayard / M. Safonov. - (Accidentally warmed by glory). - (Versions) // Homeland. - 2011. - N 7. - S. 101-103: photo.
On the death of the Governor-General M.A.Miloradovich.
Instances: total: 1 - CHZ (1)

5. Feklushin, Victor. Battle of Borodino: Russian valor and glory / V. Feklushin // Children's Encyclopedia of the AiF. - 2010. - N 8. - S. 1-56
Detailed account of the history of the Battle of Borodino. Biographies of generals.
Instances: total: 2 - CDL (1); ODL (1)

6. Feklushin, V. Russia Faithful Sons: Heroes of the Patriotic War of 1812: thematic. no. / V. Feklushin // Children's encyclopedia of the AiF. - 2011. - No. 11. - 64 p.
Instances: total: 2 - CDL (1); ODL (1)

Platov M.I.

Ataman of the Don Cossack army, general of the cavalry Matvey Ivanovich Platov (1751, according to other sources, 1753-1818) participated in all wars late XVIII- the beginning of the 19th century. During the First Russian-Turkish War in 1774, commanding a thousand Cossacks, he defeated the 25,000-strong army of the Crimean Tatars. Colonel Platov was then only 21 years old. This victory is one of the most remarkable in the history of Russian weapons.

In 1805, Platov founded Novocherkassk, which became the capital of the Don Cossack army.

When the war of 1812 began, Platov commanded all the Cossack regiments on the border and covered the withdrawal of our army. During the Battle of Borodino, a raid by Platov's cavalry on the French rear sowed panic in the enemy ranks and gave our troops the necessary respite. Vasily Andreevich Zhukovsky wrote about the brave Cossack:

Praise, our whirlwind is the chieftain,
Leader of the unharmed, Platov!

The fear of the French before the Cossacks was so great that, at times, only one news of their approach put the enemy to flight. Once ataman Platov (this was at the beginning of the war) nearly took Napoleon himself prisoner! “All our columns,” the emperor himself wrote about this, “were surrounded by Cossacks ...” However, fear, as they say, has big eyes! During the retreat of the French from Moscow, Platov, at the head of his corps, tirelessly pursued the enemy. “Now, brothers,” he said to the Cossacks, “our miserable time has come ... Just have time to sharpen sabers and darts ... Let's wipe up the snot to the braggart Bonapartishka. Let us, brothers, let us know, let our Rossiyushka know that her sons are still alive, the dashing Donets ... "

In November 1812, Platov's corps occupied Smolensk with a battle and defeated the troops of Marshal Ney near Dubrovna. In early January 1813, the Don Cossacks entered Prussia and laid siege to Danzig, then took part in the battle at Leipzig and, pursuing the enemy, captured about 15 thousand people. For the difference in the battles of 1814, Ataman Platov was awarded the Order of St. Andrew the First-Called. For his courage and devotion to the Motherland, he was awarded the title of count.

Platov's Cossacks began to enjoy particular popularity during the Foreign campaign of the Russian army and after the capture of Paris. And during the visit of Emperor Alexander I to London in 1814, the British treated Platov so respectfully that they even knocked out commemorative medals in his honor, and the University of Oxford presented him with an honorary doctorate diploma.

But Matvey Ivanovich was a "doctor" only of military sciences, an associate of Suvorov, and distinguished himself during the assault on Izmail. The brave chieftain became a hero of folk tales, books and even cartoons. His portrait was printed on money issued by Denikinites during the Civil War.

Literature about M.I. Platov

1. Great Encyclopedia of Russia. All regions of the country, geography, politics, economics, history, culture, biographies of more than 2000 great and famous people of Russia. - M.: Eksmo, 2008 .-- 1023 p. (Code 92)
Personalia Bagration P.I .; Barclay de Tolly M.B .; D.V.Davydov; A.P. Ermolov; Kutuzov M.I .; Miloradovich M. A .; M.I. Platov; Raevsky N.N .; A. A. Tuchkov
Copies: total: 4 - ChZ (1), CDB (1), F.3 (1), F.7 (1)

Personalia Barclay de Tolly M.B .; M.I. Platov; Raevsky N.N .; Tuchkovs
Copies: total: 6 - CDB (2), AB (1), F.1 (1), ODL (1), F.3 (1)

3. History of the Russian state: biography, XIX century. - M.: Book. chamber, 1997 .-- 783 p. (Code 63.3 (2))
Personalia Bagration P.I .; Barclay de Tolly M.B .; D.V.Davydov; Durova N.A .; A.P. Ermolov; Kutuzov M.I .; Miloradovich M. A .; Platov M.I.
Instances: total: 1 - CHZ (1)

4. Cossack troops: a chronicle. - Repr. ed. - SPb. : Dorval, 1992 .-- 480 p. (Code 68.51)
Personnel Platov M.I.
Instances: total: 1 - CHZ (1)

5. Korolchenko, Anatoly Filippovich. Ataman Platov: History. novel / A. F. Korolchenko. - M.: AST; Astrel, 2004 .-- 410 p. - (Golden Library of Historical Novel). (Code P2)
Personalia M.I. Platov
Copies: total: 3 - AB (1), CDB (1), F.3 (1)

6. Russian generals / [B. A. Almazov, V. T. Novikov, A. P. Manzhola; ed. BA Almazov]. - SPb. : Golden Age: Diamant, 1999 .-- 79 p. : ill. - (Illustrated History of the Fatherland). (Code 63.3 (2))
Personalia Bagration P.I .; Barclay de Tolly M.B .; A.P. Ermolov; Kutuzov M.I .; Platov M.I.
Instances: total: 1 - AB (1)

7. Shishov, A. V. Generals and military leaders: krat. biogr. words. / A. V. Shishov. - M.: Ripol-Classic, 2002 .-- 540 p. : portr. - (Brief biographical dictionaries. 300 biographies). (Code 63.3 (0) i2)
Personalia Kutuzov M.I .; P.I. Bagration; Barclay de Tolly M.B .; D.V.Davydov; A.P. Ermolov; Miloradovich M. A .; Platov M.I.
Instances: total: 1 - CHZ (1)

Articles from periodicals:

1. Ganin, E. 1812: thematic. no. / E. Ganin // Children's Encyclopedia of the AiF. - 2008. - No. 5. - 73 p.
Instances: total: 2 - CDL (1); ODL (1)

2. Maksimova I. P. "Our Vikhor-ataman": game / I. P. Maksimova // Read, learn, play. - 2008. - N 11. - S. 10-14
On the life and exploits of the military chieftain of the Don Cossack army M.I. Platov.
Instances: total: 2 - ЧЗ (1); CDB (1)

3. Feklushin, Victor. Battle of Borodino: Russian valor and glory / V. Feklushin // Children's Encyclopedia of the AiF. - 2010. - N 8. - S. 1-56.
Detailed account of the history of the Battle of Borodino. Biographies of generals.
Instances: total: 2 - CDL (1); ODL (1)

Instances: total: 2 - CDL (1); ODL (1)

Raevsky N. N.

General Nikolai Nikolaevich Raevsky (1771-1829) was considered one of the most enlightened military men of his time. Friends with his family A.S. Pushkin wrote about him: “... the monument is 12 years old; a person without prejudice, with a strong character and sensitive, he will involuntarily bind anyone who is worthy to understand and appreciate his high qualities ... ”. He became a colonel at the age of 23, with the rank of lieutenant general, he began a war with Napoleon, distinguished himself in battles with the advancing army of the French.

At the beginning of the war of 1812, he commanded the 7th Infantry Corps in the 2nd Western Army of Bagration. In order to freely reach the Smolensk region, Bagration decided to deceive the enemy. He instructed Raevsky to demonstrate that the entire 2nd Western Army intends to break through to Mogilev. To confuse the French, it was necessary to attack them in this false direction. Raevsky's corps launched an assault on enemy positions on July 11 (23) near the village of Saltanovka, about 11 km from Mogilev. The battle with Davout's corps lasted almost 10 hours. The enemy decided that a whole army was following Raevsky, and put into action all his reserves. At the critical moment of the battle, Raevsky took the hands of his sons, 11-year-old Nikolai and 16-year-old Alexander, and led the Smolensk infantry regiment to attack the French batteries. According to eyewitnesses, the general's call sounded like this: "Come on, guys, I and my children will show you the way! .."

When the standard-bearer, struck by a bullet, fell, Alexander picked up the banner and raised it high above his head. Inspired by the heroic example of the general and his sons, the soldiers rushed forward, sweeping away everything in their path. In this battle, Raevsky himself was wounded in the chest by buckshot. The news of his feat spread throughout the army, and stories about this turned into a legend.

Towards evening, Davout, believing that the main forces of Bagration should soon approach, ordered to postpone the battle until the next day. And Bagration, meanwhile, with his army successfully crossed the Dnieper south of Mogilev and quickly marched to Smolensk to join with Barclay. Davout found out about this only a day later.

Raevsky fought with honor near Smolensk, defended the central height on the Borodino field (Rayevsky's battery). Even his enemies spoke of his bravery with respect. Napoleon said about Raevsky: "It was created from the material from which marshals are made."

In his views, Raevsky was close to the Decembrists, this is confirmed by the fact that they included him in the future Provisional Government. Both of his sons were under investigation, and his daughter Maria, who became the wife of the Decembrist Sergei Volkonsky, followed her husband to Siberia ...

Wounds and frontline hardships undermined the general's health. He died in 1829 when he was only 58 years old. On the tombstone, installed on the grave of Raevsky, the inscription is engraved:

He was a shield in Smolensk,
In Paris - the sword of Russia.

In today's Moscow there is Raevsky Street, located not far from the former Dorogomilovskaya outpost.

It is interesting:

Napoleon's statements about Raevsky are already known to us. But even among the officers and ordinary troops in the French army, the merits of the Russian general were well known. An example of this is a completely curious case described by Raevsky himself in his notes. With his characteristic brevity, disregard for self-praise and subtle humor, he completed with this story his notes on the margins of D.P.Buturlin's work on the history of the Patriotic War of 1812, notes intended for the French historian Jomini.

It was near Krasnoye, during the offensive of the Russian armies. Blocking the retreat paths for Marshal Ney's corps was then the main task of Raevsky. The French were in a hurry to surrender. The war seemed lost to them already. One night, during the lull of hostilities, he fell asleep sound sleep Raevsky was awakened by the adjutant. It turned out that French envoys were standing at the threshold of the general's tent, and behind them ... a 5,000-strong column. Having learned that Raevsky himself was pursuing them, the French decided to take the opportunity to save themselves and surrender, since there were those among them who knew the general. Raevsky wrote about this in the following way: “Thus, I took 5 thousand people prisoner, without leaving my bed, and now, remembering this incident, I cannot refrain from laughing, knowing how often so-called important feats, based on such cases , are thundering in the reports, being in essence no more important, no more courageous than the one for which I had only to raise my head from the pillow and say two words! "

Literature about N.N. Raevsky

1. Great Encyclopedia of Russia. All regions of the country, geography, politics, economics, history, culture, biographies of more than 2000 great and famous people of Russia. - M.: Eksmo, 2008 .-- 1023 p. (Code 92)
Personalia Bagration P.I .; Barclay de Tolly M.B .; D.V.Davydov; A.P. Ermolov; Kutuzov M.I .; Miloradovich M. A .; M.I. Platov; Raevsky N.N .; A. A. Tuchkov
Copies: total: 4 - ChZ (1), CDB (1), F.3 (1), F.7 (1)

2. Heroes of 1812: collection / [comp. V. Levchenko]. - M.: Mol. Guard, 1987 .-- 606 p. : ill. - (The life of remarkable people: ZhZL: ser. Biogr.; Issue 11 (680). (Code 63.3 (2) 52)
Personalia Barclay de Tolly M.B .; M.I. Platov; Raevsky N.N .; Tuchkovs
Copies: total: 6 - CDB (2), AB (1), F.1 (1), ODL (1), F.3 (1)

3. History of the Russian army: illus. ed. - M.: Eksmo, 2007 .-- 766 p. : ill. (Code 68.4 (2))
Personalia Kutuzov M.I .; P.I. Bagration; Barclay de Tolly M.B .; Raevsky N.N .; A.P. Ermolov; Davydov D.V.
Instances: total: 1 - CHZ (1)

4. Soloviev, Vladimir Mikhailovich. History of Russia for children and adults / V. M. Soloviev. - 2nd ed., Rev. and add. - M.: Bely Gorod, 2003 .-- 415 p. : ill. (Code 63.3 (2) i2)
Personalia Bagration P.I .; Barclay de Tolly M.B .; D.V.Davydov; Durova N.A .; A.P. Ermolov; Kutuzov M.I .; Miloradovich M. A .; Raevsky N. N
Copies: total: 3 - CDB (1), ODL (1), F.3 (1)

5. Kholmogorova E. S. The magnanimous Russian warrior: a story about General Raevsky - a hero of 1812: for children ml. shk. age / E. S. Kholmogorova. - M.: Malysh, 1991 .-- 39 p. : ill. - (Pages of the history of our Motherland) (Code 63.3 (2))
Personalia Raevsky N.N.
Copies: total: 11 - CDB (4), ODL (2), F.3 (4), F.5 (1)

Articles from periodicals:

1. Ganin, E. 1812: thematic. no. / E. Ganin // Children's Encyclopedia of the AiF. - 2008. - No. 5. - 73 p.
Instances: total: 2 - CDL (1); ODL (1)

2. Epanchin Yu. L. Nikolay Nikolaevich Raevsky (1771-1829) / Yu. L. Epanchin // Questions of history. - 1999. - No. 3. - S. 59-82.
Biography of the General, Hero of the Patriotic War of 1812 N.N. Raevsky
Instances: total: 1 - CHZ (1)

3. Feklushin, Victor. Battle of Borodino: Russian valor and glory / V. Feklushin // Children's Encyclopedia of the AiF. - 2010. - N 8. - S. 1-56
Detailed account of the history of the Battle of Borodino. Biographies of generals.
Instances: total: 2 - CDL (1); ODL (1)

4. Feklushin, V. Russia Faithful Sons: Heroes of the Patriotic War of 1812: thematic. no. / V. Feklushin // Children's encyclopedia of the AiF. - 2011. - No. 11. - 64 p.
Instances: total: 2 - CDL (1); ODL (1)

5. Shemyakin A. "Death" of Count Vronsky / A. Shemyakin, M. Yugovich // Motherland. - 2001. - No. 1-2. - S. 125-130 .: port.
About the prototype of the hero of the novel "Anna Karenina" by L. Tolstoy, General N. N. Raevsky.
Instances: total: 3 - ЧЗ (1); CDB (1); F.7 (1)

A. A. Tuchkov

In many noble families, the sons did not imagine any other service for themselves, except for the military. So it was in the Tuchkov family, where five brothers grew up. They all became generals. Four took part in the war of 1812. The oldest, Nikolai Alekseevich, lieutenant general, commander of the infantry corps, was called Tuchkov 1st. In the Borodino battle, a bullet hit him in the chest, the wound was fatal. Sergei Alekseevich Tuchkov (Tuchkov 2nd) commanded the 2nd reserve corps. Pavel Alekseevich Tuchkov (Tuchkov 3rd) was the brigade commander. In one of the battles near Smolensk, he was seriously wounded and taken prisoner. But the most famous, perhaps, became the youngest of the brothers - Major General Alexander Alekseevich Tuchkov 4th (1777-1812). He fought bravely in the battles near Smolensk, together with his brother, Major General Pavel Alekseevich Tuchkov 3rd, who distinguished himself on the outskirts of the capital, but later, being wounded, was captured and did not participate in further battles. During the Battle of Borodino, Tuchkov-4th was among the heroic defenders of the Bagrationovskie flashes, led his soldiers into a bayonet attack and was defeated by enemy grapeshot. His name has remained forever in Russian poetry thanks to Marina Tsvetaeva's poem "To the Generals of the Twelfth Year". It became (in abbreviated form) a song in the film "Say a word about the poor hussar":

You, whose wide overcoats
They looked like sails
Whose spurs rang merrily
And voices.

... Ah, on the half-erased engraving,
In one glorious moment
I met Tuchkov the fourth,
Your gentle face

And your fragile figure
And gold orders ...
And I, having kissed the engraving,
I did not know a dream ...

... In one incredible ride
You lived your short century…
And your curls, your cups
Snow fell asleep.

The picture of his death was captured in his "Sketches of the Battle of Borodino" Fyodor Glinka.

“Near the village of Semyonovskoy,” writes Glinka, “by the stream, named after Ognik, under the fire of terrible batteries, Tuchkov shouted to his regiment:“ Guys, go ahead! ” The soldiers, who had been lashed in the face with leaden rain, fell into thought. “Are you standing? I'll go alone! " He grabbed the banner and rushed forward. Buckshot hit his chest ... A lot of cannonballs and bombs fell on that place like a hissing cloud ... exploded, bobbed up the ground and buried the general's body with thrown boulders. "

For two days Alexander Alekseevich was looking for his wife on the battlefield - Margarita Mikhailovna, nee Naryshkina, but she never found him. Near the Semyonovskie flashes, there were about twenty thousand killed! Eyewitnesses of the last battle of Tuchkov 4th were able to point out to her only the place where the enemy's cores overtook the general.

A few years later, at the site of the death of the young general, his widow built the Church of the Savior Not Made by Hands. She loved her husband very much and, disguised as a batman, often accompanied him on military campaigns.

The place where Alexander Tuchkov died was in the possession of three landowners. Wanting to build a temple in memory of her husband, the widow decided to buy out the land, but its owners unanimously gave the place for the construction for free. Emperor Alexander I donated ten thousand rubles for the construction of the temple, and the widow invested the missing money by selling her diamonds.

A few years after the church was illuminated, the Tuchkovs' son Nikolai, who had suddenly died, was buried there. Gradually, a church community formed around the temple, which served as the basis for the Spaso-Borodino convent. And Margarita Mikhailovna, having tonsured a nun under the name of Mary, became his abbess. She died in 1852.

Literature about A.A. Tuchkov.

1. Great Encyclopedia of Russia. All regions of the country, geography, politics, economics, history, culture, biographies of more than 2000 great and famous people of Russia. - M.: Eksmo, 2008 .-- 1023 p. (Code 92)
Personalia Bagration P.I .; Barclay de Tolly M.B .; D.V.Davydov; A.P. Ermolov; Kutuzov M.I .; Miloradovich M. A .; M.I. Platov; Raevsky N.N .; A. A. Tuchkov
Copies: total: 4 - ChZ (1), CDB (1), F.3 (1), F.7 (1)

2. Heroes of 1812: collection / [comp. V. Levchenko]. - M.: Mol. Guard, 1987 .-- 606 p. : ill. - (The life of remarkable people: ZhZL: ser. Biogr.; Issue 11 (680). (Code 63.3 (2) 52)
Personalia Barclay de Tolly M.B .; M.I. Platov; Raevsky N.N .; Tuchkovs
Copies: total: 6 - CDB (2), AB (1), F.1 (1), ODL (1), F.3 (1)

Articles from periodicals:

1. Ganin, E. 1812: thematic. no. / E. Ganin // Children's Encyclopedia of the AiF. - 2008. - No. 5. - 73 p.
Instances: total: 2 - CDL (1); ODL (1)

2. Dorozhkina, M. "My wound never healed ...": to the 195th anniversary of the Battle of Borodino / M. Dorozhkina // History. - 2007. - No. 13. - S. 36-42.
About the hero of the war of 1812 A.A. Tuchkov and his wife Margarita Mikhailovna Tuchkova.
(The text of the article can be found at the link: http://his.1september.ru/article.php?ID=200701306)
Instances: total: 4 - ЧЗ (1); CDB (1); F.7 (1), F.3 (1)

3. Vukolov, N. Tuchkov glorious family in the service of the Fatherland / N. Vukolov // Echo of the planet. - 2004. - N 4. - S. 26-31: ill.
Instances: total: 1 - CHZ (1)

4. Kretova, Marina. Margaritin monastery / M. Kretova; photo by S.M. Prokudin-Gorsky. - (Contemporaries). - (Monasteries of Russia) // Peasant Woman. - 2008. - N 7/8: col. ph., 2 ph. reprod. icons; Contemporaries. - 2008 .; N 7/8. - S. 34-39.
This monastery stands where one of the terrible battles of the Patriotic War of 1812 took place. Then he burned in fire for three days, then the Bolsheviks burned and destroyed it, later he got it from the battles of 1941-1942. But the monastery, like a Russian warrior, survived and was reborn.
Copies: total: 5 - F.1; F.3; F.4; F.5; Form 7

5. Sinitsyna, T. Borodinsky bread - a story of love and sorrow: [Alexander and Margarita Tuchkov] // Echo of the planet. - 2004. - N 4 (Jan.). - S. 30-31: ill. 3.
Instances: total: 1 - CHZ (1)

6. Feklushin, Victor. Battle of Borodino: Russian valor and glory / V. Feklushin // Children's Encyclopedia of the AiF. - 2010. - N 8. - S. 1-56.
Detailed account of the history of the Battle of Borodino. Biographies of generals.
Instances: total: 2 - CDL (1); ODL (1)

7. Feklushin, V. Russia Faithful Sons: Heroes of the Patriotic War of 1812: thematic. no. / V. Feklushin // Children's encyclopedia of the AiF. - 2011. - No. 11. - 64 p.
Instances: total: 2 - CDL (1); ODL (1)

Memory Lessons (an overview of online resources to help teachers prepare for lessons and class hours dedicated to the war of 1812)

Videos about the war (videos about the commanders and the events of the war of 1812)

The war of 1812 was the first, at the end of which women were awarded. By the decree of February 8, 1816, the medal "In Memory of the Patriotic War of 1812" was awarded to the widows of generals and officers who died in battles, women who worked in hospitals and looked after the wounded, as well as ladies - the oldest in noble families who contributed large war donations. A total of 7606 medals were produced for women. In our material - 7 cases of female courage.

Nadezhda Durova

Nadezhda Durova

The girl-cavalryman, the prototype of Shurochka Azarova from the film "The Hussar Ballad", Nadezhda Durova served first in the Cossack and then in the cavalry troops since 1806. She was then 23 years old and she, with the permission of the emperor, was Alexander Andreevich Alexandrov. The cavalry girl Durova commanded a half-squadron and defended the Semyonov flashes at Borodino, where she was shell-shocked. By the end of the war, she received the rank of lieutenant and served as an orderly for Kutuzov, who, like the emperor, knew her secret. In 16, at the age of 33, she resigned.

Vasilisa Kozhina

Alexander Smirnov, "Vasilisa Kozhina"

Vasilisa Kozhina was the wife of a village headman from the Smolensk province. Together with the men, she escorted the captured French to the city of Sychevka. There are many myths about her, but the only fact is reliable. During one of the transitions, she hacked to death with a scythe of an obstinate French soldier.

Lacemaker Praskovya

Illarion Pryanishnikov, "Winter"

Another inhabitant of the Smolensk province, the lacemaker Praskovya, became famous for the murder of the French. But, unlike Kozhina, she defended her home. The French, having captured the village, robbed the peasants, took everything indiscriminately. When the two broke into her house, she grabbed an ax and hacked them to death. Then she gathered a detachment from the villagers and took them into the forest.

Margarita Tuchkova

Semyon Kozhin, “M.M. Tuchkov at the Borodino field. Memorial service for General A.A. Tuchkov "

Margarita Mikhailovna Tuchkova, nee Naryshkina, was the wife of the youngest of four brothers-generals Tuchkov. Dressed in the uniform of a batman, she invariably accompanied her husband in the campaigns preceding the Patriotic War. In 1812, Margarita Tuchkova accompanied Alexander Alekseevich only to Smolensk: she recently buried her eldest son and only weaned the younger one from her breast. Having learned about the death of her husband in the Borodino field, she went to look for him. But the general's body was never found, and in 1818 Margarita Mikhailovna laid the Church of the Savior Not Made by Hands at the place of his death, and then, having taken monastic vows, founded the Savior-Borodino Convent here.

Maria Fedorovna

George Doe, "Portrait of Empress Maria Feodorovna in Mourning"

Members of the imperial family could not stay away from the misfortune that happened to the country. Through the efforts of the wife of Paul the First, Empress Maria Feodorovna, in 1812, several charitable organizations were established as part of the Mariinsky department formed by her.

Maria Pavlovna and Ekaterina Pavlovna

Ekaterina Pavlovna

The sisters of Alexander the First, Maria and Catherine, also made a feasible contribution to the country's defense against Napoleon. Ekaterina Pavlovna participated in the convocation of the people's militia: from her specific peasants, the Jaeger battalion was formed, which participated in the main battles of the war and in the subsequent foreign campaign. And Maria Pavlovna, having laid her jewelry, set up hospitals for Russian soldiers and organized the Women's Charity Society.

Patriotic Society of St. Petersburg Ladies

Johann-Baptiste Lampi, “The daughter of the commander A.V. Suvorova Natalia at the age of 20 "

The Women's Patriotic Organization, the first of its kind in Russia, was dedicated to helping people ravaged by the war. They distributed cash benefits, placed the sick in hospitals, took care of orphans and children of the poor, and provided money to devastated artisans to restore their jobs. The patriotic society included the daughter of Alexander Vasilyevich Suvorov, Natalya Zubova, Elizaveta Olenina, Zinaida and Sofya Volkonsky, and many other representatives of the aristocracy.