Falciform process of the dura mater. Sickle of the big brain

In osteopathy, two opposing models of the sickle brain biomechanics exist simultaneously and equally.

Sickle of the brain, or sickle big brain and aka falx cerebri.

Osteopathy is known to be an exact science. And as in every exact science, in osteopathy, two opposite models of the sickle brain biomechanics exist simultaneously and equally. Let's try to understand both.

Sickle Mobility Model #1

This is a rather mechanistic and very logical model, and it consists in the following.

The crescent of the brain, the tent of the cerebellum and other elements of the dura mater(dura mater, pachymeninx) are a system of mutual tension membranes, or tensegrity system(tensegrity). Sometimes in early translations of foreign osteopathic texts these elements of the dura mater are called reciprocal membranes.

A little theory about tensegrity. The tensegrity mutual tension system uses a free connection of rigid elements. When exposed to such a system (in our case, it is gravity, LDM), the structure changes shape. In this case, the voltage is redistributed evenly over all elements of the system. This ensures the strength of the structure, and such a system is both adaptive and elastic.

When the position of the bones of the skull changes in the phases of flexion and extension of the craniosacral rhythm, the membranes of mutual tension take such a position that the tension is evenly redistributed throughout the entire dura system. The tension inside the membranes themselves does not change. That is, the crescent of the brain and the tent of the cerebellum work as an inextensible and elastic membrane.

The sickle brain has no proper mobility in this model. Shifting in the craniosacral rhythm, the bones of the skull set in motion the crescent of the brain and the tent of the cerebellum. The direction and form of membrane displacement are determined by the axes and vectors of craniosacral mobility of the bones to which these membranes are attached.

Shells brain

The brain, like the spinal cord, is surrounded by three meninges. These connective tissue sheets cover the brain, and in the region of the large occipital foramen they pass into shells. spinal cord. The outermost of these shells is hard shell brain. It is followed by the middle - arachnoid, and medially from it is the inner soft (vascular) membrane of the brain, adjacent to the surface of the brain.

Hard shell of the braindura mater encephali \ cra- nialis]. This shell differs from the other two in its special density, strength, and the presence in its composition of a large number of collagen and elastic fibers. Lining the inside of the cranial cavity, the dura mater is also the periosteum of the inner surface of the bones of the cerebral part of the skull. With the bones of the vault (roof) of the skull, solid

Rice. 162. Relief of the hard shell of the brain and the exit of the cranial nerves; bottom view. [The lower part of the skull (base) has been removed.]

1-dura mater encephali; 2 - n. opticus; 3-a. carotis interna; 4 - infundibulum; 5 - n. oculomotorius; 6n. trochlearis; 7-n. trigeminus; 8-n. abducens; 9-n. facialis et n. vestibulocochlearis; 10-nn. glossopharyn-geus, vagus et accessorius; 11-n. hypoglossus; 12-a. vertebralis; 13 - n. spinalis.

the membrane of the brain is not firmly connected and is easily separated from them. In the region of the base of the skull, the shell is firmly fused with the bones, especially at the junctions of the bones with each other and at the points of exit from the cranial cavity of the cranial nerves (Fig. 162). The hard sheath surrounds the nerves for some distance, forming their sheaths, and fuses with the edges of the holes through which these nerves leave the cranial cavity.

On the inner base of the skull (in the region of the medulla oblongata), the dura mater fuses with the edges of the foramen magnum and continues into the dura mater of the spinal cord. Inner surface hard shell facing the brain (to the arachnoid), smooth. In some places, the dura mater of the brain

Rice. 163. Hard shell of the brain, dura mater encephali [ cranialisj.

1 - falx cerebri; 2 - sinus rectus; 3 - tentorium cerebelli; 4 - diaphragma sellae; 5 - n. opticus et a. carotis interna.

it splits and its inner leaflet (duplicature) deeply bulges in the form of processes into the cracks separating parts of the brain from each other (Fig. 163). In the places where the processes originate (at their base), as well as in areas where the hard shell is attached to the bones of the inner base of the skull, in the splits of the hard shell of the brain, triangular-shaped channels lined with endothelium are formed - sinuses of the dura matershells,sinus Durae tnatris.

The largest process of the dura mater of the brain is located in the sagittal plane and penetrating into the longitudinal fissure of the cerebrum between the right and left hemispheres of the crescent cerebrum (large falciform process), falx cerebri. This is a thin sickle-shaped plate of the hard shell, which in the form of two sheets penetrates into the longitudinal fissure of the cerebrum. Before reaching the corpus callosum, this plate separates the right and left cerebral hemispheres from each other. In the split base of the falx cerebrum, which in its direction corresponds to the groove of the superior sagittal sinus of the cranial vault, lies the superior sagittal sinus. In the thickness of the free edge of the large sickle

the brain also between its two leaves is the lower sagittal sinus. In front, the crescent of the brain is fused with the cockscomb of the ethmoid bone. The posterior part of the sickle at the level of the internal occipital protrusion fuses with the tentorium of the cerebellum. Along the line of fusion of the posterior lower edge of the falx cerebrum and the cerebellum in the cleavage of the dura mater, there is a straight sinus connecting the inferior sagittal sinus with the superior sagittal, transverse, and occipital sinuses.

Namet(tent) cerebellum,tentorium cerebelli, hangs in the form of a gable tent over the posterior cranial fossa, in which the cerebellum lies. Penetrating into the transverse fissure of the cerebellum, the cerebellar mantle separates the occipital lobes from the cerebellar hemispheres. The anterior margin of the cerebellum is uneven. It forms a notch, Incisura tentorii, to which the brain stem is attached in front.

The lateral edges of the cerebellum tenon are fused with the upper edge of the pyramids of the temporal bones. Behind the cerebellum, the cerebellum passes into the hard shell of the brain, lining the occipital bone from the inside. At the site of this transition, the dura mater of the brain forms a transverse sinus adjacent to the occipital sulcus of the same name.

Falx cerebellum(small falciform process), fdlx cerebelli, like a sickle of the brain, located in the sagittal plane. Its anterior margin is free and penetrates between the hemispheres of the cerebellum. The posterior edge of the falx cerebellum continues to the right and left into the inner sheet of the dura mater of the brain, extending from the inner occipital protrusion at the top to the posterior edge of the foramen magnum below. The occipital sinus forms at the base of the falx cerebellum.

Diaphragm(turkish) saddles,diaphragma sellae, is a horizontal plate with a hole in the center, stretched over the pituitary fossa and forming its roof. Under the diaphragm of the saddle in the fossa is the pituitary gland. Through a hole in the diaphragm, the pituitary gland is connected to the hypothalamus with the help of a funnel.

Sinuses of the dura mater of the brain. The sinuses (sinuses) of the hard shell of the brain, formed by splitting the shell into two plates, are channels through which deoxygenated blood flows from the brain into the internal jugular veins (Fig. 164).

The sheets of the hard shell that form the sinus are tightly stretched and do not fall off. Therefore, on the cut, the sinuses gape; sinuses do not have valves. This structure of the sinuses allows venous blood to flow freely from the brain, regardless of fluctuations in intracranial pressure. On the inner surfaces of the bones of the skull, at the locations of the sinuses of the hard shell,

Rice. 164. The relationship of the membranes of the brain and the superior sagittal sinus with the vault of the skull and the surface of the brain; incision in the frontal plane (scheme).

1 - dura mater; 2-calvaria; 3 - granulationes arachnoidales; 4 - sinus sagittalis superior; 5 - cutis; 6-v. emissaria; 7 - arachnoidea; 8 - cavum subarachnoidale; 9 - pia mater; 10 - encephalon; 11 - falx cerebri.

there are corresponding grooves. There are the following sinuses of the hard shell of the brain (Fig. 165).

1. superior sagittal sinus,sinus sagittalis superior, located along the entire outer (upper) edge of the crescent of the brain, from the cockscomb of the ethmoid bone to the internal occipital protrusion. In the anterior sections, this sinus has anastomoses with the veins of the nasal cavity. The posterior end of the sinus flows into the transverse sinus. To the right and left of the superior sagittal sinus are lateral lacunae communicating with it, lacunae laterdles. These are small cavities between the outer and inner layers (sheets) of the hard shell of the brain, the number and size of which are very variable. The cavities of the lacunae communicate with the cavity of the superior sagittal sinus; the veins of the dura mater of the brain, the veins of the brain, and the diploic veins flow into them.

Rice. 165. Sinuses of the hard shell of the brain; side view.

1 - sinus cavernosus; 2 - sinus petrosus inferior; 3 - sinus petrosus superior; 4 - sinus sigmoideus; 5 - sinus transverse; 6 - sinus occipitalis; 7 - sinus sa-gittalis superior; 8 - sinus rectus; 9 - sinus sagittalis inferior.

inferior sagittal sinus,sinus sagittalis inferior, located in the thickness of the lower free edge of the falx cerebrum; it is much smaller than the top. With its posterior end, the inferior sagittal sinus flows into the straight sinus, into its anterior part, in the place where the lower edge of the falx cerebrum fuses with the anterior edge of the cerebellum tenon.

straight sinus,sinus rectus, located sagittally in the splitting of the cerebellar tentorium along the line of attachment of the falx cerebrum to it. The straight sinus connects the posterior ends of the superior and inferior sagittal sinuses. In addition to the inferior sagittal sinus, a large cerebral vein flows into the anterior end of the direct sinus. Behind the straight sinus flows into the transverse sinus, into its middle part, called the sinus drain. The posterior part of the superior sagittal sinus and the occipital sinus also flow into this.

transverse sinus,sinus transverse, lies at the place where the cerebellum is separated from the dura mater of the brain. On the inner surface of the scales of the occipital bone, this is

This sinus corresponds to a wide groove of the transverse sinus. The place where the superior sagittal, occipital and direct sinuses flow into it is called the sinus drain (sinus fusion), confluens sinuum. On the right and left, the transverse sinus continues into the sigmoid sinus of the corresponding side.

occipital sinus,sinus occipitalis, lies at the base of the falx cerebellum. Descending along the internal occipital crest, it reaches the posterior edge of the large occipital foramen, where it divides into two branches, covering this foramen from behind and from the sides. Each of the branches of the occipital sinus flows into the sigmoid sinus of its side, and the upper end into the transverse sinus.

sigmoid sinus,sinus sigmoideus (paired), located in the sulcus of the same name on the inner surface of the skull, has an S-shape. In the region of the jugular foramen, the sigmoid sinus passes into the internal jugular vein.

cavernous sinus,sinus cavernosus, paired, located on the base of the skull on the side of the Turkish saddle. Through this sinus pass the internal carotid artery and some cranial nerves. This sinus has a very complex structure in the form of caves communicating with each other, which is why it got its name. Between the right and left cavernous sinuses there are communications (anastomoses) in the form of anterior and posterior intercavernous sinuses, sinus intercavernosi, which are located in the thickness of the diaphragm of the Turkish saddle, in front of and behind the funnel of the pituitary gland. The sphenoid-parietal sinus and the superior ophthalmic vein flow into the anterior sections of the cavernous sinus.

sphenoparietal sinus,sinus sphenoparietalis, paired, adjacent to the free posterior edge of the small wing of the sphenoid bone, in the splitting of the hard shell of the brain attached here.

superior and inferior petrosal sinuses,sinus petrosus su­ perior et sinus petrosus inferior, paired, lie along the upper and lower edges of the pyramid of the temporal bone. Both sinuses take part in the formation of outflow tracts of venous blood from the cavernous sinus to the sigmoid. The right and left lower stony sinuses are connected by several veins lying in the splitting of the hard shell in the region of the body of the occipital bone, which are called the basilar plexus. This plexus connects through the foramen magnum with the internal vertebral venous plexus.

In some places, the sinuses of the hard shell of the brain form anastomoses with the external veins of the head with the help of emissary veins - graduates, vv. emissariae. In addition, the sinuses of the dura have communications with the diploic veins, vv. dipioicae located in the spongy substance of the bones of the cranial vault and flowing into the superficial

head veins. Thus, venous blood from the brain flows through the systems of its superficial and deep veins into the sinuses of the hard shell of the brain and further into the right and left internal jugular veins.

In addition, due to sinus anastomoses with diploic veins, venous graduates and venous plexuses (vertebral, basilar, suboccipital, pterygoid, etc.), venous blood from the brain can flow into the superficial veins of the head and neck.

Vessels and nerves of the hard shell of the brain. TO the dura mater of the brain enters through the right and left spinous foramen meningeal artery(branch of the maxillary artery), which branches in the temporo-parietal region of the membrane. The dura mater of the brain lining the anterior cranial fossa is supplied with blood by the branches of the anterior meningeal artery (a branch of the anterior ethmoidal artery from the ophthalmic artery)". jugular foramen, as well as meningeal branches from vertebral artery and the mastoid branch from the occipital artery entering the cranial cavity through the mastoid foramen.

The veins of the soft shell of the brain flow into the nearest sinuses of the hard shell, as well as into the pterygoid venous plexus (Fig. 166).

The dura mater is innervated by the trigeminal and vagus nerve, and also due to sympathetic fibers entering the membrane in the thickness of the adventitia of blood vessels. The dura mater of the brain in the region of the anterior cranial fossa receives branches from the optic nerve (first branch trigeminal nerve). The branch of this nerve, the tentorial (shell) branch, supplies the cerebellum and the crescent of the brain. The middle meningeal branch from the maxillary nerve, as well as the branch from mandibular nerve. In the sheath lining the posterior cranial fossa, the meningeal branch of the vagus nerve branches.

arachnoid membrane of the brain,arachnoidea mater (encephali) [ cranialis]. This shell is located medially from the hard shell of the brain. A thin, transparent arachnoid membrane, unlike the soft membrane (vascular), does not penetrate into the gaps between separate parts brain and in the furrows of the hemispheres. It covers the brain, passing from one part of the brain to another, and lies above the furrows. The arachnoid is separated from the pia mater of the brain subarachnoid(subarachnoid) space,cavitas [ spdtium] sub- arachnoidalis [ subarachnoideum], which contains cerebrospinal fluid liquor cerebrospindlis. In places,

Rice. 166. Veins of the pia mater of the brain.

1 confluence of veins in the superior sagittal sinus; 2 - superficial cerebral veins; 3 - sigmoid sinus.

where the arachnoid membrane is located above the wide and deep furrows, the subarachnoid space is expanded and forms a larger or smaller size subarachnoid cisterns,cister- paesubarachnoideae.

Above the convex parts of the brain and on the surface of the gyri, the arachnoid and soft membranes are tightly adjacent to each other. In such areas, the subarachnoid space narrows significantly, turning into a capillary gap.

The largest subarachnoid cisterns are as follows.

cerebellar cistern,clsterna cerebellomedulla- ris, located between medulla oblongata ventrally and cerebellum dorsally. Behind, it is limited by the arachnoid membrane. This is the largest of all tanks.

Cistern of the lateral fossa of the brain,cisterna fos­ sae laterdlls cerebri, is located on the lower lateral surface of the cerebral hemisphere in the fossa of the same name, which corresponds to the anterior sections of the lateral sulcus of the cerebral hemisphere.

cross tank,cisterna chiasmatis [ chiasmatica], located at the base of the brain, anterior to the optic chiasm.

interpeduncular cistern,cisterna interpeduncularis, is determined in the interpeduncular fossa between the legs of the brain, downwards (anteriorly) from the posterior perforated substance.

The subarachnoid space of the brain in the region of the foramen magnum communicates with the subarachnoid space of the spinal cord.

The cerebrospinal fluid that fills the subarachnoid space is produced by the choroid plexuses of the ventricles of the brain. From the lateral ventricles through the right and left interventricular openings, cerebrospinal fluid enters III ventricle, where there is also a choroid plexus. From III ventricle through the cerebral aqueduct, cerebrospinal fluid enters the fourth ventricle, and from it through an unpaired opening into back wall and a paired lateral aperture into the cerebellar-cerebral cistern of the subarachnoid space.

The arachnoid membrane is connected to the pia mater lying on the surface of the brain by numerous thin bundles of collagen and elastic fibers. Near the sinuses of the hard shell of the brain, the arachnoid membrane forms a kind of protrusion - arachnoid granulation,gra- nulationes arachnoideae (pachion granulations). These protrusions protrude into venous sinuses and lateral lacunae of the hard shell. On the inner surface of the bones of the skull, at the location of the granulations of the arachnoid membrane, there are impressions - dimples of granulations. Granulations of the arachnoid membrane are organs where the outflow of cerebrospinal fluid into the venous bed is carried out.

Soft(vascular) shell of the brainRia mater encephali [ cranialis]. It is the innermost layer of the brain. She is close to outer surface brain and goes into all the cracks and furrows. The soft shell consists of loose connective tissue, in the thickness of which there are blood vessels that go to the brain and feed it. In certain places, the soft shell penetrates into the cavities of the ventricles of the brain and forms vascular plexus,plexus choroidus, producing cerebrospinal fluid.

Review questions

Name the processes of the hard shell of the brain. Where is each process located in relation to the parts of the brain?

List the sinuses of the dura mater of the brain. Where does each sinus fall into (open)?

Name the cisterns of the subarachnoid space. Where is each tank located?

Where does the cerebrospinal fluid drain from the subarachnoid space? Where does this fluid enter the subarachnoid space?

Age features of the membranes of the brainand spinal cord

The dura mater of the brain in a newborn is thin, tightly fused with the bones of the skull. The shell processes are poorly developed. The sinuses of the dura mater of the brain and spinal cord are thin-walled and relatively wide. The length of the superior sagittal sinus in a newborn is 18-20 cm. The sinuses are projected differently than in an adult. For example, the sigmoid sinus is 15 mm posterior to the tympanic ring of the external auditory canal. There is a greater than in an adult, asymmetry in the size of the sinuses. The anterior end of the superior sagittal sinus anastomoses with the veins of the nasal mucosa. After 10 years, the structure and topography of the sinuses are the same as in an adult.

The arachnoid and soft membranes of the brain and spinal cord in a newborn are thin, delicate. The subarachnoid space is relatively large. Its capacity is about 20 cm 3, it increases rather quickly: by the end of the 1st year of life up to 30 cm 3, by 5 years - up to 40-60 cm 3. In children of 8 years old, the volume of the subarachnoid space reaches 100-140 cm 3, in an adult it is 100-200 cm 3. The cerebellar, interpeduncular, and other cisterns at the base of the brain in a newborn are quite large. So, the height of the cerebellar-cerebral cistern is about 2 cm, and its width (at the upper border) varies from 0.8 to 1.8 cm.

BIG BRAIN SICKLE

(falx cerebri, pna, bna, jna; syn. sickle-shaped process large) a process of the hard shell of the brain, located in the median plane and protruding into the longitudinal gap between the cerebral hemispheres.

medical terms. 2012

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Dura mater (dura mater spinalis et encephali) (Fig. 510) lines the inner surface of the skull and spinal canal.

The hard shell consists of two layers - outer and inner. In the skull, it performs the function of the periosteum and in most of it easily exfoliates from the bones. It is firmly attached to the bone along the edges of the openings of the base of the skull, on the crista galli, on the posterior edge of the lesser wings. sphenoid bone, on the edges of the Turkish saddle, on the body of the sphenoid and occipital bones (clivus) and on the surface of the pyramids of the temporal bone. In the outer layer of the dura mater, as well as in the furrows of the bone, nerves, arteries, and two veins accompanying the arterial trunk pass. The inner layer of the dura mater is smooth, shiny, and loosely connected to the arachnoid mater to form the subdural space.

The dura mater surrounding the spinal cord is a continuation of the dura mater of the brain. It starts from the edge of the foramen magnum and reaches the level of the III lumbar vertebra, where it ends blindly. The hard shell of the spinal cord consists of dense outer and inner plates, consisting of collagen and elastic fibers. The outer plate makes up the periosteum and perichondrium of the spinal canal (endorachis). Between the outer and inner plates there is a layer of loose connective tissue- epidural space (cavum epidurale), in which the venous plexuses are located. The inner plate of the hard shell is fixed on the spinal roots in the "intervertebral foramina. In the cranial cavity, the hard shell forms crescent-shaped processes in the cracks of the brain.
1. The crescent of the brain (falx cerebri) is a very elastic plate located vertically in the sagittal plane, penetrating into the gap between the cerebral hemispheres. In front, the sickle is attached to the blind foramen of the frontal bone and the cocks crest of the ethmoid bone, with a convex edge all along it is fused with the sagittal groove of the skull and ends at the internal occipital eminence (eminentia occipitalis interna) (see Fig. 510). The inner edge of the crescent of the brain is concave and thickened, as it contains the inferior sagittal sinus and hangs over corpus callosum. Rear end falx of the brain is fused with a transversely located process - the cerebellar tenon.

510. Internal base of the skull with cranial nerves passing through it.
1 - n. opticus; 2-a. carotis interna; 3 - n. oculomotorius; 4 - n. trochlearis; 5 - n. abducens; b - n. trigeminus; 7-n. facialis; 8-n. vestibulochlearis; 9-n. glossopharyngeus; 10-n. vagus; 11-n. hypoglossus; 12 - confluens sinuum; 13 - sinus transverse; 14 - sinus sigmoideus; 15 - sinus petrosus superior; 16 - sinus petrosus inferior; 17 - sinus intercavernousus; 18-tr. olfactorius; 19 - bulbus olfactorius

2. The tentorium (tent) of the cerebellum (tentorium cerebelli) is located horizontally in the frontal plane between the lower surface of the occipital lobes and the upper surface of the cerebellum. The posterior edge of the tent of the cerebellum is fused with the falx cerebrum, the internal eminence, the transverse groove of the occipital bone, top edge pyramids of the temporal bone and the posterior sphenoid process of the sphenoid bone. The anterior free edge limits the notch of the tent of the cerebellum, through which the legs of the brain pass into the posterior cranial fossa.

3. The sickle of the cerebellum (falx cerebelli) is located in the posterior cranial fossa vertically along the sagittal plane. It starts from the internal eminence of the occipital bone and reaches the posterior edge of the foramen magnum. It penetrates between the hemispheres of the cerebellum.

4. The diaphragm of the Turkish saddle (diaphragma sellae) limits the fossa for the pituitary gland.

5. The trigeminal cavity (cavum trigeminale) is a steam room, located at the top of the pyramid of the temporal bone, where the trigeminal ganglion is placed.

The hard shell forms the venous sinuses (sinus durae matris). They are a stratified hard shell over the furrows of the bones of the skull (see Fig. 509). The elastic wall of the sinuses is formed by collagen and elastic fibers. The inner surface of the sinuses is lined with endothelium.

The venous sinuses are collectors in which venous blood is collected from the bones of the skull, the dura and pia meninges, and the brain. Inside the skull there are 12 venous sinuses (see).

Age features of the meninges. The dura mater in newborns and children has the same structure as in an adult, but in children the thickness of the dura mater and its area is less than in adults. The venous sinuses are relatively wider than in an adult. In children, features of fusion of the dura mater with the skull are noted. Up to 2 years, it is strong, especially in the area of ​​​​fontanelles and furrows, and then fusion with the bone occurs, as in an adult.

The arachnoid membrane of the brain under the age of 3 years has two sheets separated by space. Granulation arachnoid shells develop only about 10 years. In children, the subarachnoid space and cisterna cerebellomedullaris are especially wide. In the soft shell after 4-5 years, pigment cells are detected.

The amount of cerebrospinal fluid also increases with age: in newborns it is 30-35 ml, at 6 years old - 60 ml, at 50 years old - 150-200 ml, at 70 years old - 120 ml.

(falx cerebri, PNA, BNA, JNA; syn. falx large)

a process of the hard shell of the brain, located in the median plane and protruding into the longitudinal gap between the cerebral hemispheres.

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• - cm....

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• - involuntary flexion and adduction of the first finger with passive extension of the bent fingers II-V, as well as extension and abduction of the first finger with passive flexion of the fingers extended II-V ...

  Medical Encyclopedia

• - a crescent-shaped fold of the dura mater, passing down from the roof of the skull along the midline between the cerebral hemispheres ...

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• - "... - a device for cutting algae manually ..." Source: ORDER of the Federal Agency for Fishery dated 01.12 ...

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• - a hand tool used when harvesting bread and some other cultivated plants - for cutting them ...

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Big Brain Sickle in books

8. Hammer and sickle

From Friedl's book author Makarova Elena Grigorievna

8. The Hammer and Sickle On July 30, 1937, I found an envelope with tickets under my pillow. We are going to Paris, to the world exhibition "Art and Technology in Modern Life." After the first abortion, Stefan took me to the Louvre, and Pavel, after a miscarriage, to the international exhibition. And a hotel room

"Sickle"

From Annapurna book author Erzog Maurice

"Sickle" It is the evening of May 24th - let us remind you that on the morning of the 23rd Sarke set off from here with a message to Tukucha. optimism. Knowing that we are

Hammer and sickle

From the author's book

Hammer and sickle Yes, this symbolism is related not only to the USSR, but also to the Freemasons. The hammer and sickle for Freemasons have a meaning much deeper than Soviet Union worker and peasant woman. This is a victory over the forces of space and time. The hammer gives power over space, the hammer

HAMMER AND SICKLE

From the book In the power of symbols author Klimovich Konstantin

SICKLE AND HAMMER A familiar sign to our eyes today is often called a symbol of destruction. It is assumed that in the recent past, the enemies of the Russian land invested in the SICKLE AND THE HAMMER a certain secret meaning for the implementation of vile plans and designs. But we know - it is a symbol

Sickle Morena

From the book LIVING VEDAS OF Rus'. REVELATIONS OF NATIVE GODS author Cherkasov Ilya Gennadievich

Morena's Sickle Know as it is said: Morena's Sickle is a sign of the Measure imposed on every stomach. Morena's Sickle is a sign of the Term measured to all things. Morena's Sickle is a sign of the Threshold separating the past from the future. .Crescent Morena

"Moon Crescent"

From the book Historical districts of St. Petersburg from A to Z author Glezerov Sergey Evgenievich

"Moon Crescent" This is the name of the territory of the quarter of new buildings No. 87, located near the intersection of Pulkovskoye Highway with Dunaisky Prospekt. According to the "Toponymic Encyclopedia of St. Petersburg", "Moon Crescent" is located on the part of the historical district Srednyaya

Sickle

TSB

Sickle A sickle, a hand tool for mowing grain. Long curved, finely serrated knife. It first appeared in the Neolithic era - first as a tool for collecting wild cereals. It was a wooden, bone or clay tool with a working edge consisting of

SICKLE

From the book Great Soviet Encyclopedia (CE) of the author TSB

SERP SERP (Socialist Jewish Workers' Party, "Seimovtsy"), a petty-bourgeois nationalist organization in Russia. It was formed in April 1906 by merging the Renaissance literary group (which arose in 1903, combining the ideas of Zionism and Narodism) with groups

Hammer and sickle

From the book Great Soviet Encyclopedia (CE) of the author TSB

1.1.3. Hammer and sickle

From the book Linux through the eyes of a hacker author Flenov Mikhail Evgenievich

1.1.3. Hammer and sickle Where it was not possible to hack the server with the help of skill and knowledge, you can always use the purely Russian method of "Hammer and Sickle". This does not mean that the sickle should be put to the throat of the administrator, and the hammer should be knocked on his head. Just always stays in

55. Moon crescent

From the book Fun Tasks. Two hundred puzzles author Perelman Yakov Isidorovich

55. Lunar crescent The figure of the crescent moon (Fig. 50) needs to be divided into 6 parts, drawing only two straight lines. How to do this? Rice. 50. Lunar

24. Hammer and sickle

author Perelman Yakov Isidorovich

24. Hammer and sickle Have you heard of the "Chinese puzzle"? This is an ancient Chinese game, even older than chess: it originated several millennia ago. The essence of the game is that a square (wooden or cardboard) is cut into seven parts as shown

24. Hammer and sickle

From the book Science Tricks and Riddles author Perelman Yakov Isidorovich

24. Hammer and sickle The solution of the problem is clear from the attached drawings. It should be noted that with a certain ingenuity it is possible to assemble from the same seven pieces of a square an endless number of figures depicting all kinds of objects: people in various poses, animals,

Sickle Morena

From the book The Black Book of Mary author Cherkasov Ilya Gennadievich

Sickle of Morena See: the ancestors look at us with starry eyes from the night sky ... See: the moon shines among them with magical silver - the Sickle of Morena ... Know how it is said: The Sickle of Morena is a sign of the Measure imposed on every stomach. The Sickle of Morena is a sign of the Time measured out to all things .Sickle Morena -

Sickle

From the book Kosi, braid ... author Rodionov N. N.

Sickle The sickle is intended for harvesting (harvesting) grain crops. Nowadays, it is used on small experimental plots, as well as for harvesting laid bread and rice. The sickle consists of a curved knife with a handle (Fig. 24). The shape of the cutting part of the knife, and hence the sickle