The history of the formation of the Krasnodar Territory. Regions of Russia: Krasnodar Territory

Geographical position
The edge is located in the southwestern part of the North Caucasus, the 45th parallel divides it about two equal parts. In the northeast, the region borders with the Rostov region, in the East - with the Stavropol Territory, in the south with Abkhazia. From the North-West and South-West, the territory of the region is washed by the Azov and Black Seas. Total length The edge borders are 1,540 km, of which 800 km on land and 740 km - by sea.
The greatest length of the edge from north to south is 327 km and from west to east - 360 km.
Krasnodar region It covers an area of \u200b\u200b76 thousand square kilometers and is the southern region of Russia. There are over five million people in the province, including about 53% - in cities and 47% - in countryside. The average population density is 66.6 people per square kilometer.
The territory of the region has developed from part of the territories involved in the revolution of the Kuban region and the Black Sea Gubernia. Two administrative units were combined into the Kuban-Black Sea region, which in 1920 held the territory of 105.5 thousand square kilometers. In 1924, the North Caucasus Territory was formed with the center in Rostov-on-Don, in 1934 he was divided into Azov-Black Sea (Center - Rostov-on-Don) and the North Caucasian (Center - Stavropol) of the region.
On September 13, 1937, the Azov-Black Sea region was divided into the Rostov region and the Krasnodar Territory, including the Adyghe Autonomous Region. In 1991, the Adygei Autonomous Region came out of the region and was transformed into the Republic of Adygea.

Natural conditions and climate
The territory of the region is divided into two sharply different parts: northern plain and southern mountain. The flat zone is the bonus lowland - takes two thirds of the territory and is the economically most developed part. The southern zone is formed by the ridges of the Western Caucasus ridges, adjacent to them the foreguide band and the narrow ribbon of the Black Sea coast.
Located on the border of moderate and subtropical latitudes, at the junction of the plains and the mountains, the land is distinguished by a variety and impermanence of weather conditions. The climate for most of the territory is moderately continental, in the Black Sea coast (south of Tuapse) - subtropical. The average January temperature on the plain is minus 3-5 degrees, July - plus 22-24 degrees.
An annual amount of falling precipitation ranges from 350 mm on the Taman Peninsula 500 mm on the Right Bank of Kuban up to 2500 mm and higher on the southwest slopes of the Caucasian Range.
The uneven distribution of precipitation, sharp temperature fluctuations, the destructive effect of Sukhovyev and drought cause the need to strict adherence to the scientifically based agriculture system in the cultivation of crops, an increase in forest belt and other hydro-accumulating and anti-erosion measures.
In the region of more than 500 rivers, its main water artery - Kuban is one of the main rivers of the North Caucasus. To regulate the drain and expansion of rice systems, Kryukovskoye, Varnavinskoye, Krasnodar reservoir were constructed; The latter is the largest in the south of Russia.

Soil
Almost all the bonus lowlands is located in the steppes zone. The main part of its soil cover is the predo-excavation carbonate and leached chernozem. The Taman Peninsula is busy with chestnut, Western-pre-Caucasian and swamp soils.
The total land square of the Krasnodar Territory is 7.5 million hectares, of which Pashnya is 3.9 million hectares. This is its main arable land foundation, characterized by high fertility.
The non-trap strip in the left bank of the Kuban, the Kubansky inclined plain and part of the prevains are suitable for horticulture and the cultivation of yellow tobacco.

Minerals
In the depths of the Kuban, more than 60 types of minerals are open. Basically, they lie in the foothill and mountainous areas. There are oil reserves, natural Gas, Mergel, iodo-bromine water, marble, limestone, sandstone, gravel, quartz sand, iron and apatite ore, stone salt.
Krasnodar Territory is the oldest oil production area of \u200b\u200bRussia. Oil production has begun since 1864.
On the territory of the region is the largest in Europe of the Azov-Kuban basin of fresh groundwater, having significant reserves of thermal and mineral waters.
Among the riches of Kuban, the forest occupies an important place, because It has a large environmental value and is the main source of wood of valuable breeds of Russia. The total area of \u200b\u200bthe forests of the Krasnodar Territory is over 1800 thousand hectares. Having industrial importance oak and beech arrays occupy, respectively, 49 and 19% of the area of \u200b\u200ball forests.

Economic potential

The basis of the productive forces of the Krasnodar Territory is industrial, construction, fuel and energy complexes, an area of \u200b\u200binformation and communication technologies, as well as agro-industrial, transport, resort and recreational and tourist complexes. The last three activities (agro-industrial, transport, spa and tourist complexes) correspond to the priorities of the socio-economic development of Russia and determine the special status of the Krasnodar Territory in the country's economy.
The dynamic development of the agro-industrial complex (hereinafter also - the APC) of the Krasnodar Territory provides food safety of the country: the region has the richest resources of agricultural land, including chernozem, the area of \u200b\u200bwhich is 4805 thousand hectares (this is more than 4 percent of Russian and about 2 percent of world stocks); The region ranks first among the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in terms of grain production, sugar beet, fruits and berries, the second - for the production of sunflower and honey seeds; The region takes second place among the constituent entities of the Russian Federation for the production of eggs, meat of cattle and birds (live weight), the third place is for the production of milk, vegetables.
The transport complex provides the implementation of Russia's foreign policy and economic interests in the zone of the Black Sea and Mediterranean economic cooperation, contributes a significant contribution to the increase in the "connectivity" of the country. Seaports of the edge provide direct yield through Azov and Black Sea For international foreign trade routes and processes more than 35 percent of foreign trade Russian and transit cargoes of seaports of Russia, about a third of Russian oil exports are serviced. The territory of the region pass the most important railway routes of federal importance, which are focused towards the maritime international ports of the region and the resorts of the Black and Azov seas. Pipeline transport is represented by the international oil pipeline "Tengiz - Novorossiysk" and the Gas pipeline "Russia - Turkey" ("Blue Stream"). The air transport of the Krasnodar Territory is represented by four airports, two of which are international (Krasnodar, Sochi).

Unique climatic conditions for Russia, the presence of advanced medical facilities and technologies, historical attractions create the potential for the development of a highly efficient, competitive tourist and recreational complex of an international level forming a positive country image in the international arena and ensuring the growing needs of the population in recreation services , treatment and tourism.
The climate in the region is one of the most favorable in Russia for living and human activity. Krasnodar region - the warst region of Russia, medium duration Time when in the bright day of day on the territory there is a sunny weather, it is 2,300 hours a year.
Due to the combination of favorable climatic conditions and the presence of deposits of mineral waters and therapeutic mud, the Krasnodar region is the most popular resort and tourist region of Russia and is actually the only seaside Balneological and resort and recreational center in Russia.
The potential of the sanatorium-resort and tourist complex of the region is carried out by creating a special economic zone of tourist and recreational type on the territory of the edge.

Education
A separate place in the field of education, science and culture of the region occupy higher educational institutions of the region - major scientific and educational institutions engaged in the training of specialists in almost all branches of knowledge. In the region, 11 state institutions of higher education are working. It is classic, agricultural, technological, medical universities, Institute of Culture, University physical culture, Sports and Tourism, Armavir Pedagogical University, Marine Academy. F.F. Ushakov, Sochi University of Tourism and Resort and others. In addition, Kuban has opened their branches leading universities of countries, such as the Russian Trade and Economic University (in Krasnodar), Russian University of Friendship of Peoples (in Sochi), Russian State Social University and others.

From the history of Kuban
Kuban begins with a field - a separate and non-beam. From the Don steppes to the Caucasian ridges, like a bowl, slightly tilted towards the wet winds of the Black Sea, expanded the expanses of the breadth.
Emergencies impaired and manilated wide profiles on the shores of the fast and wayward river, who gave the name to this edge. Kuban Land heard Rocky Kopit Sarmatian and Polovtsovka Conniece, the ringing of gold coins in the leather belts of Greek colonists and the Genoese merchants, the mighty flow of Russian friends of Tmutarakani, wild peers of the Tatar Hordes and Ottoman Turks.
Tormented by one alone, then by other colonizers, long years The Bloody and unequal struggle of the aborigines of Kuban - Adygei tribes. Inrogenous conquerors, especially Tatars and Turks, robbed the land, ruined Adygei Aules, captured and sold into slavery of recalcitrant horses, in all the harem of the East, the Circassian women took place. Exhausted by robbery and violence, Adygi, or, as they were called, Circassians, were looking for protection and help from their powerful northern brother - the Russian people.
In 1552, Circassian ambassadors arrived in Moscow to the king Ivan IV with a request to access Adygea to Russia. Having accepted Adygov to his citizenship, Russia helped the Turks from the Pazia.
Circassian Prince Temryuk gave her daughter to marry Ivan the Terrible, founded his "rampant" city of Temryuk on the site of the Tatar-Turkish fortress. But did not have time to settle dust at the Russian regiments who left the Kuban, as the Tatars and Turks fled again and moved the ownership of Circassians far to the east, destroyed Temryuk, at his place erected their fortress, from which their hordes made devastating raids on the ownership of the Russian state . In 1720, Russian troops entered the Kuban to approximately shy "Basurman" and beat off their hunt to robbing in Russian lands. But individual, even successful operations could not solve the dispute. Long warning war with Turkey.
The systematic settlement of Kuban by Russian citizens began after the two Russian-Turkish wars of the XVIII century. In 1778, the commander of the Caucasus Corps A.V. Savorov, arriving at Kuban, began to strengthen the southern borders of the state.
Chernomora II, famous in the fight against the Turks) Catherine II, was granted on June 30, 1792 of the Taman Peninsula with the surroundings in order to protect the new southern borders of Russia. The first batch of building Cossacks led by S. White arrived here by the sea and on August 25, 1792 landed in Taman. Decades later - after the abolition of serfdom - they moved to Kuban thousands of peasants from the central provinces of Russia ...

• Tours on May in Krasnodar Kra
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Krasnodar region - rich and full, it is difficult to describe this region a pair of lines, without forgetting some important item. Hitter, health resort, solid resort of All-Russian meaning, one of the most important sports centers of the country, a convenient platform for an endless series of parties, festivals, economic political forums; There would be two Belgium or Czech Republic here, and therefore, there is enough space and traveler. Moreover, guests in the Krasnodar Territory learned to rejoice, and the notorious "strange Kuban mentality" goes into the past.

Krasnodar resorts are hundreds of kilometers of the beaches of the Black and Azov Seas, steep ski slopes, a sanatorium with a powerful base of healing natural resources, pure sea and mountain air. Still that tasty food, Fresh and wonder fruits, berries and nuts, drinking sun and wine, and most importantly - the complete lack of need for visas and passports.

How to get

Krasnodar Territory is a popular direction, the federal highways and rails from both capitals, from the Urals and Siberia, will be drawn to it. All year round daily dozens of flights take international Airports Pashkovsky in Krasnodar, Airport in Sochi, Vityazevo in Anapa helps them with Moscow and St. Petersburg direction. Summer is added small, but modern Airport In Gelendzhik, a liners with tired tourists rushed from different parts of the country. A direct flight from Moscow to Krasnodar will take about 2 hours, one-way tickets to the low season are from 3500-4200 RUB, in the summer the price tag rises to 5000-7000 RUB. Similar history with a flight in Sochi, only the road can take minutes of 20 more (more details: how to get to Sochi). The choice of carriers is excellent, almost all major airlines of Russia fly to the Krasnodar region. Prices on the page are shown in July 2018.

From St. Petersburg there are trains to Novorossiysk and Adler, reserved seats to Krasnodar will cost 3000-3900 RUB, coupe - 4000-5500, St. - 11,000-14 000 RUB. Moving will take 33-39 hours. From Moscow, trains go to Adler, Anapa, Sukhum and Novorossiysk. There are branded "two-story composition" and "Premium". Branded reach Krasnodar for 19-20 hours, usual about a day with a little. Placerant - 1900-2400, coupe from 2700 RUB, SV from 7700 RUB.

Cars (as well as buses, moreover, not only from neighboring regions, but also from the capitals) get along the M-4 "Don" highway, and then diverge under the Krasnodar in the desired resorts of the Black Sea.

Search for flights to Krasnodar (nearest a / n to Krasnodar Territory)

Transport

In the region, a long-distance bus service is quite decently developed, in each major city there is a bus station, or even two, and in the settlements less, the bus station, serving both direct and transit flights. For example, more than a dozen buses leave the Krasnodar to Novorossiysk daily, the road takes about 3 hours, the ticket costs about 300 RUB. Before Sochi, it's longer to go - at 8 o'clock, serpentines and traffic jams under Dzhubga and Tuapse affect. The passage in one direction will cost 420-500 RUB. It will take advantageously by bus from Adler to Anapa - with a successful transplant in Tuapse, the road will take more than 9 hours. But in the summer, the Orenburg region is working in this direction - 3200 RUB and after 1 hour and 10 minutes you are in place. The same carrier suits flights between Sochi and Krasnodar: only 35-45 minutes on the way. The price for saving time - 5000 RUB.

If you are lucky, then boats between Anapa, Novorossiysk, Tuapse, Sochi and Gelendzhik can be launched into summer navigation. Excellent opportunity to avoid traffic jams on the coast and feel small, but still a sea wolf.

The trains are pleasant to the fact that they do not stand in traffic jams and do not darken with this very long-awaited vacation. The road between Krasnodar and Sochi takes 5-6 hours, reserved seats and seats in modern "swallows" cost 550-700 RUB. The morning electric train flies from Tuapse to the Olympic Park in Adler in 2 hours, such because of the traditional congestion on the roads is not on the shoulder even the perky rider. The only negative is not the most convenient schedule and docking, but if you all in advance to calculate, then there will be no problems. And it is possible and not counting anything, but just enjoy the holiday and breathe with the sea air to all the breasts.

Rent a Car

The rented car is great for wild travel along the Black Sea coast, local regions are distinguished by thoughtful natural beauty, for which it is worth breaking away from standard tourist routes. In addition, the car is much easier to find a cozy and secluded little beach for overnight stay or contemplative rest.

Rolling business in the region is well developed, many large international offices provide their services. From regional companies attracted the attention of "Autoholding", working in Krasnodar, Sochi and Anapa, Krasnodar "car rental 93" with offices in Anapa, Gelendzhik, Tuapse and Novorossiysk, as well as "South-car rental", offering cars in regional center and Novorossiysk. In Krasnodar, you can still ask for the conditions and park of the City-Auto company, consisting of maximum configuration cars.

Prices are standard for Russian regions. Budget cars and economy class start from 900-1300 RUB per day, the middle class - 1500-2200 RUB, for crossovers and SUVs are asked from 2200 RUB, for the increased comfort of the Volvo S60 level or Nissan Teana at short-term lease will have to pay about 3800 RUB in day.

Beaches of Krasnodar Region

Going to the Black Sea resorts of the Krasnodar Territory, you need to clearly understand that you are likely to go to the beach with pebbles. Large, small, medium, with some sandy carriers, but pebbles. With this fact, it is better to accept in advance, in order half of the holidays do not wear around the surroundings in search of at least something similar to the Maldives or Island of Thailand. Recreation adepts on the Russian Black Sea as a mantra repeat the arguments about the hygienicness and purity of pebble beaches, their wonderful massage effect and concomitant transparency of water. There is a reason to remind you of these words, if suddenly gave melancholy in the sand.

Most beaches in the Black Sea resorts of the Krasnodar Territory are pebble.

There are, of course, exceptions. The beaches with fine grained sand stretch along the bank in the vicinity of Anapa, in Jubg, there are sand stripes at Gelendzhik, plus a 1.5-kilometer artificial beach in the city itself, but, unfortunately, it is often clogged with resting, pretty inspired, and waters Mutna . New small private bulk beaches occasionally appear at different coast resorts, it is possible to evaluate their quality personally in place. Another option is wild rocky beaches with stoves smoothly in the water, such interesting places come across Dzhanhot and Praskovea. The advantages of Black Sea beaches include a frequently encountered gentle entrance to water, convenient to relax with children, as well as intensively developing infrastructure.

Entertainment and attractions

Even if for a second to forget about the beach resort part of the Krasnodar Territory, as well as the concomitant entertainment industry, the region will still have something to surprise the tourist. For example, archaeology, history, sports - everything depends on personal interests.

Sport

One of the most famous attractions of any terrain. In our case, the choice is not only between the Heritage Excursion on the Legacy of the Olympics-2014 and the trendy ski red paradise. One of the international business cards of Sochi was the race of the Grand Prix of Russia, Formula 1 and the Sochi Autodrome, where in a free time from the competition, you can drive along the highway at the real sports car. Krasnodar increasingly offers himself to the role of a large football center of Russia, here two teams of the Premier League - "Kuban" and Krasnodar are based on, periodically pleasing to the public with games with rivals from Europe, and sometimes the games of the national team are held.

History and archeology

The Black Sea coast is the place of numerous battles of the Great Patriotic War. These days resemble various complexes, for example, the "Small Earth" memorial in Novorossiysk, a military hill in Temryuk or the battery of Captain Zubkov in Gelendzhik. Learn about the history of the area will help numerous local lore and ethnographic museums of the Krasnodar Territory.

Natural beauty of the Krasnodar Territory

The nature of the Krasnodar Territory is unusually rich in picturesque landscapes, a variety of landscapes: the steppe and plains are mixed with mountain arrays. In the region grows a huge number of species of the Colli and Crimean Flora, thanks to which here is truly healing, environmentally friendly air. In addition, tourists always have something to see: waterfalls, river canyons, natural monuments, mountain landscapes.

In the Krasnodar Territory, mixed conifers and deciduous forests are dominated: the most soster here, oaks, chestnuts and beecles, on the Alpine meadow you can admire the White Lilia, and in the gardens and vineyards, Kuban matures a generous harvest.

A total of several major rivers: Kuban, Don, White, Laba. And due to the drops of heights, many of them form amazing waterfalls. For example, the River Pshad, dropping his waters from 18 m, 11-meter Waterfall "County ruins" at the village Novosade, and near the village of Mikhailovsky Pass is a cascade of 60 waterfalls. It is found on the territory of the edge of the picturesque lakes - Khansky, Yeysky and Baisugian Limana, Mountain Cardywach and Abrau, beautiful lake systems: Akhtaro-Grivenskaya, Cherneerkovsko-Sladkovskaya, and healing.

It is believed that in the Krasnodar Territory there is everything. Even the famous Tmutarakan - once eastern outpost Kievan RusNow is the village Tamanskaya.

Much here interesting places For mountain tourism and alloy on mountain rivers - for example, the picturesque Gum gorge or the Lagonak Plateau, from which the rafting of the White River begins (named because because of the abundance of thresholds it is always Bela from foam). For large extreme lovers - alloy for indomitable MZMT.

Rich Krasnodar region and mysterious caves. The most famous of them is Nazarovskaya Karst Cave more than 500 m depth, located in the area of \u200b\u200bthe Host River. It is a beautiful and one of the deepest Caves of Russia, attracting not only tourists who want to prey from the polls, but also researchers-speleologists. An ancient Asian cave in the southern part of the Asian Tau Ridge at an altitude of 1.5 km above sea level is equally popular. It is famous for bizarre stalactites and stalagmites, for whom the beauty of it is sometimes called the Altar. The longest cave in the Krasnodar Territory is Vorontsovskaya (11.7 km long).

In addition, there are many reserves in the Krasnodar Territory, which hold regular excursions. For example, the magnificent Caucasian Reserve, where the unique flora and fauna of the region remains - here you can see the rarest species of trees, other plants, animals. And on the territory of some reserves it is possible to even stop - for example, in the Pearl of the Caucasus Pearl in the Agrya Nature Reserve, where you can endlessly admire the unique species.

Krasnodar region for children

The cities and resorts of the Krasnodar Territory have long been working on the image of a family recreation facilities, so water parks, small zoos, attractions and other children's entertainment tips are present in almost all tourist centers - large and not very. But there is several points on the map of the region, ignore which when traveling with the child is simply outrageous. The will of the destination part of them is located in Sochi and its surroundings, and the second is in Gelendzhik.

The first point in the list of mandatory visits to visiting the places to "Sochi Park" is our answer to their "Disneyland". They say that the queues are not yet kilometer, but fun, adrenaline and related entertainment is very even at the level. With the guys older, the next day it is worth going to the Adventure Park "Skypark Hey Jay Hakkette Sochi."

Decent attractions will be found in most major cities in the world, but walk along the long suspension bridge, fly at a speed of 150 km / h on a "mega-troll" or ride on the swing with a scope of 170 m - such impressions of life. Children drawn to knowledge, not flights on tarzankas, recommended the largest oceanarium in Russia in Adler.

One of the most important entertainment treats Gelendzhik is an incredible water park "Golden Bay". By the way, also from the pleiades "the most in Russia": 49 slides, 69 descents, 10 water rides, 17 pools. From conditional minuses - work only in the summer season and crowded. Another important attraction of the resort is Safari Park in Gelendzhik. It is no longer so rapidly, buoyful and fun, but also very interesting and saturated. We recommend to get out to the "Golden Bay", and on a safari park for a whole day, in order to enjoy the rest in full, without any extra hurry and fuss.

Weather

With the power of its sizes and geographical position, the Krasnodar Territory is divided into three climatic zones - wet subtropics From Tuapse to Adler, the dry "Mediterranean" along the coast from Tuapse to Anapa, as well as a moderately continental climate throughout the rest of the territory, including a public.

Protected Caucasian Range Subtropics Inherent warm winters, extremely rare frosts, short spring and long wet summer. For Anapa and Gelendzhik are characterized by cooler winters with gusty winds, rains and even a small minus at night. But in the summer here is more dry and not so stuffy. The shores of Azov in the winter under the invigorating frost picks up the snow, the summer here is south roast here, but it is better to be worn in Krasnodar thanks to the fresh sea breeze.

Flag of Krasnodar Region

Krasnodar region was formed on September 13, 1937 as a result of the separation of the Azov-Black Sea region on the Rostov region and the Krasnodar region with an 85 thousand square meter. km (with the Adyghe Autonomous Region).

But this is an administrative date, the history of these lands is in deep antiquity ...

In ancient times

Despite the proximity of the Black and Azov seas and the wealth of natural conditions, before joining Russia, this edge was mastered by little - there were regular raids of nomads. The first permanent settlements here began to base 10 thousand years ago, there are numerous dolmens about this located in different places of the Krasnodar Territory, as well as in the Transcaucasia.

Dolmen are giant stone tombs various shapesAlthough it is still not entirely clear: it is really the tomb or cultivation facilities. The Russian-speaking population appeared in the North-West Caucasus in the XIX century, called Dolmen "Bogatyan Hutci", "Didov" or even "damn huts." For the first time they were discovered in the XVIII century, but most of them are not under the protection of the state and suffer from vandals.

Dolmen near Gelendzhika

In the time of antiquity, the colonies of the ancient Greeks were in the middle of the modern Krasnodar Territory, and in the middle of the II century BC. Here, Adygei tribes were settled. In the Middle Ages, in this region, they founded their colonies and Genoese merchants who were well laid with Adyghami; Lived here and the Turks.

In the X century, Tmutarakan was founded on the Taman Peninsula, this was the first Slavic settlement in these lands. The city existed to the invasion of Mongol-Tatars.

At the end of the 15th century, Turkey became a blind ruler on the Black Sea. In the Kuban war with nomads ceased. But in the steppes of the Right Bank Kuban naked Nogai. In the foothills along the Black Sea settled Circassians.

"Nekrasovtsy" in Kuban

The second wave of immigrants began with the coming to Kuban Nekrasovtsev - Cossacks under the leadership of the Cossack Chief of Ignat Nekrasov.

In the autumn of 1708, after the defeat of the Bulavinsky uprising, some of the Don Cossacks led by Ataman Nekrasov went to Kuban. Then this territory belonged to the Crimean Khanty. According to various data, together with Nekrasov, it took from 2 thousand to 8 thousand Cossacks with wives and children (this is approximately 500-600 families). They united with the Cossacks-Old Believers earlier to Kuban and formed the first Cossack army in the Kuban, which adopted the citizenship of the Crimean Khan and received broad privileges. They began to join runaway from don, as well as simple peasants. The Cossacks of this troops were called "Nekrasovtsy", although it was very inhomogeneous.

"Nekrasovtsy" initially settled on Central Kuban (on the right bank of the Laba River), at the modern village of Nekrasovskaya. But then a significant majority, including Nekrasov himself, moved to the Taman Peninsula (near Temryuk) and founded three towns: Bludilovsky, Golubinsky and Chryansky.

But since "Nekrasovtsy" performed constant raids on the border Russian lands, they began to fight with them. After the death of Ignat Nekrasov, they were offered to return to their homeland, but to no avail, then Empress Anna Ioannovna sent the troops to Kuban, and in 1791 the last "Nekrasovtsy" went to Bessarabia and Bulgaria.

Board of CatherineII.

During the reign of Catherine II, the colonization of Kuban and the Caucasus began. The plans of Catherine had the exit of the empire to the Black Sea, the conquest of Crimean Khanate, but the constant confrontation with Turkey complicated the implementation of this plan. When Palo Crimean Khanate, the relationship between the Nogai and Circassians aggravated into Kuban, they began to raid on each other.

In 1774, after the conclusion of the Küchuk-Kainardzhi Treaty, Russia received an exit to the Black Sea and Crimea.

In this regard, the need to preserve Zaporizhzhya Cossacks has disappeared. In addition, their traditional lifestyle often led to conflicts with the authorities. After supporting the Cossacks of the Pugachev Uprising, Catherine II ordered to disband the Zaporizhia, which was fulfilled by General P. Tekel in June 1775

Alexander Vasilyevich Suvorov

In 1778, for the assimilation of the Russian border to Kuban, Alexander Vasilyevich Suvorov was sent to Kuban. On the right bank, he built several fortresses for defense from the mountaineers, installed friendly relations with many Cherkees princes, it stopped mutual raids for a while.

Suvorov divided the population of the buban on the robbers and on the main part of the people living in peaceful labor. He came: "Not noted by peoples against Russia armed, except for some very doubtful number of robbers, which, on their fishery, it is still, rob in Russian, Turk, Tatarin or some of own identity."
After the accession of the Crimea to Russia, in 1783, Suvorov visited Kuban again, where the Nogai tribes led to the oath, then the Nogai rebellion, which after that moved to the Stavropol steppes after that.

The first visit to Kuban Suvorov lasted only 106 days, but during this time he not only was able to build a distinction cordon line in a length of 500 versts (from the Black Sea to Stavropol), but also to fulfill the mission of the peacemaker. Leaving Kuban, Suvorov reported: "... these countries leave in full silence."

He always taught his soldiers in peace and harmony, did not tolerate the looting, was a religious person, in his surroundings were representatives of different nations: Ukrainians, Poles, Georgians Armenians, representatives of small Caucasian peoples. He evaluated people not by nationality, but according to their affairs, the mind and loyalty of Russia.

In 1787, Ekaterina II, together with Potemkin, visited the Crimea, where she was met by the Amazonian company created to her arrival; In the same year, the army of faithful Cossacks was created, which later became the Black Sea Cossack army. In 1792, they were pleased with the Kuban on the eternal use of the Cossacks and moved, founding the city of Ekaterinodar.

Base of Ekaterinodar

Ekaterinodar was founded in 1793. The Black Sea Cossacks first as a military camp, and later as a fortress. The name of the city was in honor of the Dara Empress Catherine II Black Sea Cossacks kuban land (Ekaterinodar — Dar Ekaterina). Since 1860, the administrative center formed by the Kuban region. The status of the city of Ekaterinodar received in 1867, and with the holding in the 70s-190s of the XIX century. railway In the North Caucasus (Tikhoretsk - Ekaterinodar - Novorossiysk), he turned into a major trading and industrial and transport center of the North Caucasus.

Monument to Catherine II in Krasnodar

Kuban B.XIX century

In the XIX century, Kuban begins to actively develop. In the 2nd half of the XIX century. Especially rapidly developing the industry of Kuban.

Kuban Cossacks in the XIX century. fulfilled their main task - the worship of military service in russian army. Horse, cold weapons, uniforms each of the Cossacks coming to the service at his own expense.

During russian-Turkish war In 1877-1878. Kuban Cossacks were part of the current Russian army.

In the Danube Army in the Balkan Peninsula there was an equestrian regiment, two squadron and two hundred plastuna.

In the XIX century The social composition of the population is radically changing. In the area began to arrive from the central regions freed from the serf dependence of the peasants. The proportion of "non-resident", not the Cossack population begins to increase. The Black Sea coast is massively populated, a new Cossack village is formed in the backbone.

Kuban B.XX century

In November 1917 - January 1918 in the Black Sea, and then the Soviet power was established on the whole of Kuban, but the detachments of the Red Guard were able to master Ekaterinodar only in a month, but the storms of the capital of Kuban ended in the death of L.G. Cornilova. Denikin at the head of the volunteer army went to the Salska steppes.
A few working class and the peasantry welcomed the first steps of Soviet power. But the abolition of classes, the polls of the Earth and the details of food affected the interests of the Cossacks, which General Denikin supported, headed by the II Kuban campaign of volunteers in August 1918. He entered the Ekaterinodar on the White Kone, and parts of the Red Taman Army were cut off and for a month with battles made their way along the Black Sea coast ("Iron Flow") to a connection with the North Caucasian army.
From April 1917 to March 1920 (with a semi-annual break) in the authorities in Kuban, the Cossack government, who chose his third path. The confrontation of the Rada with the command of the White Army was worthwhile to her chairman N.S. Ryabovol. Kuban tried to join the league of nations, but it ended with the excitement of glad. After that, the mass desertion of Kubans from the Denikin Front began.
In the early 1920s, the Red Army, together with red-green detachments, transformed into the Red Army of the Black Sea, freed the cities and stages.

Cossacks of the Kuban Squadron of His Imperial Majesty Conv

The failure ended with the attempt of Wrangel in August - September 1920 to land a landing and develop a new offensive.
Soviet power recovered - and the transformation of military communism began. Broke out "Small" civil War (1920-1924) with the abolition of the Kuban Cossack troops, confiscations and prospecting - on the one hand. On the other hand, the support of the workers of the Mensheviks, the uprising, the campaign of white-green on Krasnodar. The situation was temporarily stabilized only in the conditions of NEP. In 1920, Ekaterinodar was renamed Krasnodar.
But already in 1927, the coagulation of NEP began. And in the winter of 1928-1929. The Stalinist delegation policy began. By the summer of 1931, collectivization in the region was completed. Drought 1932 made it impossible to fulfill the state-owned payments, and the waiting for the upcoming hunger forced the peasants to conceal the part of the harvest. To investigate the "Kulack Sabotage" at the North Caucasus, the Emergency Commission of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the CPSU (b) led by L.M. Kaganovich. The coagulation of trade with export of goods from stores, the early recovery of all loans, arrests of "enemies" - as a result of 16 thousand Kubans were repressed, 63.5 thousand were evicted in the northern regions. Disposher Cossack Stitsa Renamed. Everything ended with hunger, from which in the villages died to 60% of the population. But the harvest of 1933 gave the opportunity to get out of the crisis.
For the February-March Plenum of the Central Committee of the CPSU (b) 1937, a large terror began in the region: every tenth worker or employee was repressed, every fifth collective farmer, every second scenario. The repression was subjected to 118 servicemen, 650 people. clergy.
In 1932-1933 In the region began mass hunger, which, as believed, was created artificial ones for the idea of \u200b\u200bsolid collectivization.

And on September 13, 1937, the Azov-Black Sea region was divided into the Rostov region and the Krasnodar region.

Coat of arms of Krasnodar region

Currently, the Krasnodar Territory is the subject of the Russian Federation in the south of the European part of Russia and is part of the Southern Federal District.

It borders with the Rostov region, the Stavropol Territory, Karachay-Cherkessia, Adygea and the Republic of Abkhazia. By sea bordered with Crimea (Ukraine).

The administrative center is the city of Krasnodar.

The head of the administration (governor) of the region - Alexander Nikolaevich Tkachev.

Population - more than 5 million people.

The Krasnodar Territory in the Russian Federation is located in the western part of the North Caucasus. General information: area of \u200b\u200b83.6 thousand square meters. km, population more than 5.514 thousand people (2016). The edge includes 26 cities, 29 urban-type settlements. The edge administrative center is the city of Krasnodar, big cities: Sochi, Novorossiysk, Armavir, Tuapse. The region includes the Black Sea coast with the center in Sochi - the most important resort area of \u200b\u200bRussia. Krasnodar Territory is part of the Southern Federal District.

Krasnodar region is located in the south of Russia. It borders with the Rostov region, with the Stavropol Territory, and with Abkhazia. From the West, the territory of the region is washed by the Azov Sea, from the south-west - black. Main River - Kuban. The edge is distinguished by natural diversity. The Kuban River divides the territory into two parts: the North - flat (2/3 of the territory) and the southern - mountain. The length of the Black Sea coast of Kuban from the Taman Peninsula to Adler about 400 km. However, the climate changes significantly when moving from the west to the East. Subtropics occupy only the Black Sea coast, but the entire edge is in the grape cultivation zone. Most of the untouched areas of nature are in the mountains.

Representatives of over a hundred nations live in the territory of the Krasnodar Territory. The majority of the population are Russians (for 1999 - 85.88%; excluding data on Adygea). The region is characterized by the compact resettlement of ethnic groups, as those who live from the 18-19th centuries - Armenians, the Greeks, Germans, and the relatively recently emerged - the Crimean Tatars, the Meskhetians Turks. Since the late 1980s, migrant influx of migrants, both Russians, mainly from the republics of Transcaucasia and other nationalities that have been strengthened. The mechanical increase in Russian population due to migration is accompanied by a decrease in their percentage composition due to lower fertility.
In the province there are reserves of oil, natural gas, mergel, iodine-bromine water, marble, limestone, sandstone, gravel, quartz sand, iron and apatite ores, stone salt. Oil production has begun since 1864. On the territory of the region is the largest in Europe of the Azov-Kuban basin of fresh groundwater, having significant reserves of thermal and mineral waters. There are excellent wheat crops of solid varieties, rice, grapes. IN USSR great importance attached to growing tea, his best varieties Manual assembly ("Russian", "Krasnodar") was not inferior to the ordinary Indian and exceeded Georgian and Azerbaijani. In market conditions, grow tea on an industrial scale is inappropriate. In animal husbandry, pig breeding and sheepship are most important. In Kuban, eight seaports open to international communication, including the largest port of Novorossiysk in Russia. Sochi ports, Gelendzhik specialized in providing passenger traffic, maintenance of tourists and processing small amounts of cargo.

Krasnodar region, subject of the Russian Federation; Located in the south of the European part of Russia. It is washed in southwest by the waters of the Black Sea, in the north west of the Sea of \u200b\u200bAzov and the Kerch Strait. Included in the North Caucasian Economic District. Pl. ... ... Russian history

Krasnodar region - Krasnodar region. The numbers are indicated: 1. Kalmykia 2. Ukraine Reduction: AF. - Afipsky ah. - Akhtyrsky I. - Ilsky H. - Kholmsky Krasnodar region, located in the south of the European part of Russia. Washed in southwest ... ... Dictionary "Geography of Russia"

In the Russian Federation. 83.6 thousand km & sup2. Population 4879 thousand people (1993), urban 54%. 26 cities, 29 urban-type settlements (1993). Includes the Republic of Adygea. Center Krasnodar. Washed black I. Azov Seas.. Northern part… … Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

On Y. European Party of Russia, as part of North. Caucasian eco. district. Pl. 76 thousand km², adm. Center Krasnodar. Educated on September 13, 1937. On Yu covers Zap. The end of Bol. Caucasus to a height of 3256 m (pseashho); There are small glaciers, developed ... ... Geographic Encyclopedia

In the Russian Federation. Educated September 13, 1937. 83.6 thousand km2. Population 5074.8 thousand people (1998), urban 53.8%. 26 cities, 23 urban-type settlement. Includes the Republic of Adygea. Center Krasnodar. Washed by the Black and Azov seas. ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

Krasnodar region - Russian Federation Federal Districts: Far Eastern Volga North West North ... Accounting Encyclopedia.

As part of the RSFSR. Educated September 13, 1937. Area 83.6 thousand km2. Population of 4608 thousand people (1972). It is divided into 39 districts, has 27 cities, 26 urban-type villages. The edge includes the Adyghe Autonomous Region. ... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia

Krasnodar region - Krasnodar region … Russian spelling dictionary

Books

• , Nadezhda Manyshina. The guidebook tells about the richest history of the Krasnodar Territory, both the region as a whole and the most famous cities, towns and villages. You will learn famous peopleliving and ... eBook
• Krasnodar region. Journey for health, Sheveleva Irina. The guidebook tells about the richest history of the Krasnodar Territory, both the region as a whole and the most famous cities, towns and villages. You will learn about the famous people who lived and ...