Elements of Gorodets painting: a description of the main ornaments (floral, subject, images of animals) with pictures and video materials. Methodical manual for lessons from "Gorodets painting"

Date: 17.10.2019

Today we are studying the technique of Gorodets painting. This type of painting for beginners is one of the types of folk applied art in Russia, which arose in small town on the Volga called Gorodets. Drawings made in this technique are distinguished by bright, saturated colors, the presence of black horses in the paintings and birds with incredibly lush tails. Also, flowers are always present in the works, mainly a bud, a rose, a rose and a chamomile.

We study Gorodets painting for novice masters

Drawings in the technique of Gorodets painting are very symbolic - a horse symbolizes wealth, birds - happiness, and flowers - health and prosperity. The main motives of the drawings are horse riders, young ladies in lush, colorful dresses, various celebrations- fairs, weddings, festivities or just city streets, that is, all elements of the painting conveyed the life and life of ordinary people. Moreover, animals have always been depicted only in profile, and people in full face. In addition, Gorodets pictures are always saturated with flowers - in the form of bouquets, garlands, or they are simply randomly scattered throughout the work.

Traditionally, drawing in the technique of Gorodets painting was carried out on wood - spinning wheels, boxes, chests, arches, children's furniture, cutting boards and other household items were decorated with patterns. But on initial stage you can also try your hand on paper, so that your hands get used to curved shapes, to transitions from the thinnest lines to wide strokes and other unusual elements of drawings.

Let's get a little touch of folk art and try to draw the main types of flowers that are present in Gorodets drawings. To do this, we need a sheet of paper, a pencil, a paintbrush and cherry-colored gouache.

At the beginning of work, on a sheet of paper, draw four circles - three are identical, and the fourth is slightly smaller and with the help of a brush and paint we make round spots on each circle - these will be the spouts of flowers. On the first two circles, the spouts will be located in the center, and on the rest - on the side.

Next, we begin to finish painting our flowers as shown in the photo, performing the petals with paint of the same color. Draw an arc around the circumference of the first circle, starting with a barely noticeable touch of the paper brush, gradually increase the pressure and finish the work again with a barely noticeable touch - we get a bud. In the central part of the second circle, draw a similar arc, and along the edge of the circle, with smaller arcs, made according to the same principle, draw petals - we got a rose. Draw the same petals along the circumference of the third circle, thus obtaining a rose tree. From the fourth circle we will make a chamomile, using a different technique - wetting to draw droplets around the nose of the flower.

Flowers in Gorodets painting are drawn in such not cunning ways. Now you can paint some household item and present it as a gift to a loved one... If you have to draw a large number of colors at the same time, then you can use templates and stencils of circles with a compass and use them in your work.

Now let's take a step-by-step look at how flowers are made using the Gorodets painting technique.

Stages of execution of flowers.

Underpainting is the same colored circle that serves as the basis for all colors in Gorodets painting. For flowers in this painting technique, paint is traditionally used in red, cherry, pink, blue and blue flowers... At the same time, the flowers are blue and blue can be completely absent from the picture or occupy no more than 1/4 of its part.

Guiding the petals - after the gouache with underpainting has dried, we begin to draw the petals depending on the flowers that you want to paint and more dark paint do their guidance.

Lives are the decoration of flowers with dots and strokes. They are made with the help of white gouache and fine art brushes No. 2 or No. 3. Dots are placed in the center of the noses of all colors, and the edging of the noses for daisies and rose trees is also made. The noses of buds and roses are decorated with a white arc. This stage is completed by the strokes that are applied to the roses.

Thus, if you adhere to the traditional rules for drawing drawings in this technique, then Gorodets painting will no longer seem to be something super complicated and unattainable for beginners. Even children can master it, one has only to make some effort and, as they say, "fill" a hand. In addition, now there are quite a lot of different artistic educational institutions, where teaching this type of creativity is adapted for both children and adults.

Household items painted in the Gorodets technique are popular to this day, because drawings on cutting boards, boxes or kitchen spatulas can decorate the interior of any, even the most modern dwelling.

What you need to purchase for lessons

The modern approach allows today to apply technologies of using Gorodets painting not only on wood, as it was originally, but also on an ordinary sheet of paper. V school curriculum children are introduced to the techniques of depicting animals and patterns by Gorodets craftsmen.

To conduct lessons for children, you need to purchase such necessary supplies.

The material on which the drawing will be depicted. For children who are just starting to take their first steps in Gorodets painting, plain paper or cardboard (not glossy) would be the ideal option.

For those who have already acquired the skills of the image technique, you can use wooden blanks for work. These can be cutting boards, plates, etc.

Dye. Her choice also largely depends on how much children are engaged in this skill. If you are a beginner, then gouache paints will do. The most common sets of 12 can be used.
Brushes. They need to be selected different in size. It is better if these are brushes made of natural bristles.
Varnish. If you paint on a wooden surface, then after drying, the drawing must be fixed with transparent varnish. It will protect the drawing from damage and prevent the colors from fading.

Image start

In order for the drawing to turn out really neat and beautiful the first time, desire and prepared materials are not enough. It is very important to learn the technique of applying the image. Here you need to understand how to hold the brush, how to guide, what movements to use to depict the details of the drawing.

All Gorodets painting is made in three stages. The first thing to do is to apply the background on which the drawing will be superimposed. Next, we carry out the drawing in stages.

Underpainting. Large spots of color that will later serve as the basis for the image. These are big figures. For children, the underpainting elements are very easy to learn.

They are applied in a thin layer, completely shaded. They need to be sketched very carefully so that there are no streaks, sags or gaps. For good result it is better to paint with a flat wide brush.

Cloth. Brush # 2 is used. The essence of this stage is breaking the underpainting into parts and highlighting the details.
Lives. This is another technique in Gorodets technique. Here, black and white paint comes to the rescue, with which the accents of the picture stand out. This stage is very difficult and requires concentration.

Many dots are applied with black and white paint on the underpainting and fabric, which give brightness and liveliness to the picture. It is important not to overdo it here, as a large amount of animation can ruin the drawing.

Gorodets painting will turn out very well if you learn how to hold the brush correctly. It should be perpendicular to the surface on which the pattern is applied.

In this case, the hand should be resting on the elbow and fixed by it, and the hand remains mobile and free. If it is difficult for a child to hold his hand in this position for a long time, then you can make support on the little finger. In this hand position, it is easier to draw smooth and regular lines.

The last thing in drawing Gorodets painting is to connect all the elements together in stages. Pictures should be bright and colorful.

This is the main feature of this trend in art. If the child has learned to draw elements well on paper, you can continue and suggest drawing on a wooden base.

Features of the composition

Gorodets painting has its own characteristics in the placement of the main elements. To make the drawing organic, you need to think it over very well and make a sketch. Only then are the elements transferred to the base. For children, you need to explain the basic compositional techniques of Gorodets painting.

In the center of the picture, one large element must be performed. It can be one of the images:

plant motif (flower);
the image of an animal (horse, bird).

Smaller pictures of flowers and leaves act as additional elements in the composition of the Gorodets painting. The composition ends with the design of the frame. She is also one of the adornments of the entire compositional series.

Gorodets painting requires the student to complete all the details in stages. He must understand that it will not be possible to quickly make such a drawing, since each of the stages is applied after the previous one has completely dried. Concentration and desire to achieve positive result- this is the main rule of an ideal drawing.

Gorodets painting, which comes from the villages of the Volga region, began its development in the middle of the 19th century. At that time, woodworking industries were actively developing in Russian villages surrounded by wide forests. At present, the elements of Gorodets painting are being studied, starting from preschool institutions in the classroom for arts and crafts.

Specificity of technology

In Old Gorodets, from where this painting takes its name, the main sale of wooden household items painted in a special style created by the artisans of that time took place.

Initially, the painting was used to decorate the spinning donets. The fact is that the Gorodets spinning wheels themselves consisted of several parts, the bottom itself served to fix the piggy with a comb. They sat on the bottom during work, then the spinning wheel was disassembled, it was hung on the wall. So there was a need to decorate boards, turning them into pictures for some time. With their design decision, the Zavolzhsk masters attracted many residents to purchase such a product, which gave the development of Gorodets painting as a folk craft.

Frozen storylines were depicted on the bottoms. Everyday, idle or other events in the life of peasants and merchants. Ladies and gentlemen in magnificent outfits walked at fairs, drank tea, sitting at a round table, the background was not detailed, only fenced off with columns, floral arrangements, the drawing could not be divided by tiers, framed by simple lines.

Black horses, cats, wood grouse birds, peacocks, as well as flower arrangements are typical for Gorodets painting.

The painting was applied directly to the wooden surface with tempera paints, on egg yolk. Sometimes red and yellow paints could be used for the background. The color scheme has rich, as well as diluted shades of red, yellow, black colors. In later works, green and blue appear.

Painting technique

The main elements of Gorodets painting have changed only slightly over time. The style and principles of her drawing are studied in the practice of drawing on wood for preschoolers. At the initial level, he practices drawing floral ornaments, recognizable among different types arts. The motifs used schematically depict symmetrical buds of roses, rose trees, daisies and kupavka, have their own characteristic signs... There are fairly simple schemes by which you can learn to draw in the style of Gorodets painting.

Drawing takes place in stages and requires the use of paints that dry and do not mix with the previous application, such as gouache. Floral arrangements can form garlands, diamonds, or frames.

"Fairy lights";

"Rhombuses";

"Frames" are usually used to frame the main picture.

So, to begin with, a pencil sketch is drawn, defining the positions of the main elements of the painting.

It is not necessary to detail the drawing, since the first step in drawing with paints begins with the so-called smears, applying only spots, circles for buds and outlines of leaves with the main flowers slightly diluted with flowers. For example, as shown in the photo below. The first step in creating bouquets.

With the second layer, we apply a darker shade with arcs for shading, that is, undiluted, saturated with colors or darkened. Drawing defines the outlines of the buds.

And the last step is to apply white paint to create a variegated picture. In drawing animals, white strokes are of the final importance in the painting of the coat and plumage. This process is called "revival" for a reason.

These are the simplest basics of drawing Gorodets painting, used in art and applied classes for children in preschool and school age.

Birds and animals are drawn in the same step-by-step actions, cockerels and pheasants are drawn quite simply and schematically.

Horses are depicted in black paint or ocher; in the Gorodets style, they are also dressed in reins and saddles, have a graceful stature and lush manes.

Application in life

Of course, unlike the old works, a new step in the development of painting took place thanks to the emergence of new paints and technologies. The technique of craftsmanship in the modern interpretation of creativity is much brighter and more elegant and is mainly used for souvenir and decorative purposes, as well as for the development of artistic skills. Nowadays, elements of imagination of artists are added with new images in the form of butterflies and insects, and even drawings of wonderful unicorns are allowed.

Modern proud masters hold the brush strictly vertically, so that it freely and naturally rotates between the fingers - the thumb, on the one hand, and the index and middle - on the other. At the same time, an experienced Gorodets artist can give the hand even greater stability by the position of the little finger, firmly resting it against the surface of the thing being painted.

Well, "in Gorodets style", the placed hand with uncommon ease performs a variety of painting elements: from the simplest "bushes" and "apples" to complex cartouches, Gorodets roses, horses, birds. In Gorodets painting, there are many techniques for depicting flowers, garlands, bouquets, flowerpots with flowers, various animals and birds, human figures, and all this the Gorodets artist writes, as a rule, without a preliminary drawing, with an accurate, always in place with a brushstroke. The Gorodets painters did not immediately acquire a peculiar quick and artistic manner of writing, it took shape, developed and enriched over the course of a century and a half of the existence of the craft.

Gorodets painting is carried out in two stages: underpainting and reviving... And flowers - in three stages.

First, a background is applied to the product, which also serves as a primer. Then large color spots are applied on it, the so-called "underpainting".

For underpainting, wide flat brushes are used - flutes. The flutz is dipped in paint and all the figures of the painted product are painted over at once (usually in 5-6 colors). For example, all horses are completely painted over with black paint, except for the harness painted with cinnabar. They also paint over the bodies of birds with black paint, the tails of birds with kraplak, underpainting flowers with blue and pink, and green for the wings of birds and leaves.

Underpainting is a simple painting technique, it is available even to five-year-old children. Basically, with the same brush strokes as for underpainting, we paint the frames and floors at home. The main thing here is to smear the paints with a thin even layer so that there are no gaps or drips of paint anywhere. For this, use wide brushes.

After that, the necessary strokes are applied with a thinner brush.

When the underpainting of the entire product is completed, the second stage begins - "revitalization". "Revitalization" or "liveliness" is a technique in which a drawing is combined into a whole composition with the help of black and white paint.

For revitalization - artistic brushes are needed. And doing revive is artistic device and to do them well, you have to practice a lot. The tip of the brush is dipped in white paint and many dots and various strokes are applied over all the underpaints, which in a matter of minutes so dramatically transform the look of our painting that the thought immediately comes to mind, what a good word this is - revival! From the white, like lace, decoration, Gorodets' birds, horses, and flowers so completely come to life in an instant. No need to scatter white dots with generosity. This should not be done under any circumstances: everything is good only in moderation. Shakespeare also remarked: “Be neither a wasteful nor a curmudgeon. Only in a sense of proportion is the true good. "

The liveliness should be in moderation, then only they are fabulously beautiful. And note that the colors of the underpaints can sometimes be changed by the author of the painting, but the animations are always the same, because there is a certain canon, an unbreakable rule of how to make animations on horses, as on flowers, and only on the bodies of birds with animations you can take a little libertine ...

It remains to tell that when we make animations, there are several types of white strokes. This arcs, droplets, strokes and points... The main thing, when making revives, the brush must be held vertically in the hand and touch the product with the thinnest tip of the brush so that the strokes are neat, graceful and elastic: the whole beauty of Gorodets work depends on the revival.

The main elements of the painting

All elements of Gorodets painting are drawn immediately with a brush (brush No. 1), without preliminary drawing with a pencil. To get an arc of a beautiful shape, they begin to carefully paint it with the tip of the brush, barely touching the surface, press to the middle of the arc, the pressure increases and the element is drawn again without pressure. The brush must be held perpendicular to the surface to be painted.

You can practice on "writing" elements of Gorodets painting

Bibliography

How to draw a Gorodets pattern on a platter in stages for children from 7 years old

Bogatova Oksana Nikolaevna, educator of MKDOU " Kindergarten No. 94 "Dzerzhinsk, Nizhny Novgorod region.
Description: the master class will be of interest to educators, teachers primary grades, teachers of additional education, parents. Children 6-7 years old will be able to do the work with the help of adults, and older children - on their own.
Purpose: the plate-plate can serve as a gift for relatives, friends and also decorate the interior in the kitchen.
Target: creation of decorative panels with Gorodets painting.
Tasks:
- continue to acquaint children with folk crafts;
- to learn to make a pattern from elements of Gorodets painting;
- improve the skills of drawing with a thin brush;
- develop a sense of composition;
- to foster interest and respect for folk art.

Before starting the master class, I propose to recall for a moment the history of Gorodets painting, to feel its sunny, kind atmosphere.

Gorodets painting on wood- famous folk craft Nizhny Novgorod Territory. It was developed in the second half of the 19th century in the Trans-Volga villages near the town of Gorodets. The inhabitants of the surrounding villages were known as skilled artisans, among whom were blacksmiths, weavers, dyers, carvers, carpenters and joiners. There was a lot of forest in the Volga region, and he gave a lot of cheap material from which they made everything: from children's toys to pieces of furniture.

Gorodets spinning wheels were especially famous, which in a large number were sold at the Nizhny Novgorod fair and were sold throughout Russia. They were bought with pleasure thanks to the funny painted pictures on the bottom of the spinning wheel. After the end of the work, the hostesses decorated the walls with such donuts instead of paintings.

Soon, such a painting began to decorate not only spinning wheels, but also many items of folk life: chairs, baskets, boxes, salt shakers and toys.
Gorodets painting is unique in its manner, so it is difficult to confuse it. Not a single Gorodets product is complete without lush garlands, bouquets of flowers that resemble roses and daisies.

The plots of the Gorodets products had a kind of unique plot. Masters depicted walks of gentlemen with ladies, riders on horses, scenes of tea drinking in rich interiors.

Previously, Gorodets painting was done with egg paints, which lay on the product in large color spots, without a preliminary outline.
The drawing was applied with free strokes with a graphic stroke of black or white... The colors were blue, red, white and black.
Nowadays, craftsmen use oil paint, which has expanded the range of colors.
But the motives and technology of Gorodets painting remained the same.
Modern artists, as before, paint all kinds of wooden products: boxes, chests, decorative panels, cabinets, shelves, bread bins, salt shakers, toys and furniture.

It has become a tradition for Nizhny Novgorod schoolchildren to visit Gorodets with excursions.

There they will learn a lot of interesting things from the history of the Nizhny Novgorod region. Plunge into the atmosphere of the life of their ancestors. They can touch everything with their own hands.

And, of course, they participate in master classes by local craftsmen.

Children are delighted with such trips.

And now let me introduce my master class on drawing Gorodets painting.
Materials: paper plate, white acrylic primer, brush for priming, brushes for painting No. 1, No. 2, No. 5, gouache (yellow, ruby, white), watercolor paints, a simple pencil.

Cover the plate with soil (acrylic dries quickly).

Draw in the center of the plate one of the elements - chamomile. In Gorodets painting, chamomile can be blue, purple, red, or orange (a multi-petal fantastic flower). Draw a drawing with a simple pencil.

Stage "underpainting". Make the background yellow gouache (brush number 5).

We mix ruby and white gouache, we get pink color... Making a pink background.

Outline the flower with red watercolor and paint over a circle in the center (brush # 2).

Inside the red petals, make a second row, then circle the petals around the center with white watercolor.

We outline in white the large petals on the inside and small ones on the outside (brush # 2), add three strokes each (white and red) and apply dots (brush # 1).

Now, draw the leaves with mustard color. Leaves in Gorodets painting vary in size, but are always arranged in groups. At the same time, they never exceed the size of the central flower of the composition.

We draw green leaves.

We make veins on the leaves (brush No. 1) - draw a line along the leaf and several short ones across.

Veins on green leaves are done differently.

The stage of "revival". We emphasize mustard-colored leaves on all sides with a thin line (brush # 1) with black paint, and green ones on one side with antennae.