How to prevent cardiovascular disease. How to prevent heart disease

In our article today:

PREVENT HEART DISEASES - THE PROBLEM OF EACH OF US.

As it turned out, about a third of patients with high blood pressure are unaware of this. 20% of patients with coronary heart disease did not know about their illness, and the diagnosis made during the examination came as a complete surprise to them.

Among the early forms of hypertension and atherosclerosis, neurocirculatory dystonia should be called. The name itself shows that these diseases are based on neurogenic factors combined with circulatory disorders. However, even the most advanced system for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases will not achieve the goal if each of us neglects the basic commandments to protect our health.

The main of these commandments is overcoming physical forced passivity. Modern living conditions are characterized by an ever-increasing introduction of technical improvements that facilitate the physical work of a person and at the same time increase nervous tension, since you have to monitor many devices and strive to intensify production. Physical activity, physical labor are the primary factors in strengthening the cardiovascular and nervous systems, moreover, it is a powerful healing factor. Therefore, physical exercises, gymnastics are useful to a person at any age.

Exercises during morning exercises should be strictly individual. You can not, for example, all involved in doing the same number of squats or pull-ups on the bar. It is known that many people prefer running in the fresh air instead of gymnastic exercises indoors, especially if there is a park, square or just a street with little traffic near the house. As a rule, joggers note a surge of vigor, excellent health and performance throughout the day. But it is unlikely to benefit from running along a busy street, among passers-by, in the atmosphere of car exhaust. Sometimes you can meet such "enthusiasts" of running along highways, stubbornly overcoming their route, despite the many cars and trucks, buses. However, reasonably organized and dosed in accordance with age and physical development, running in the fresh air is useful for the cardiovascular and nervous systems.
   If you prefer morning runs and are interested in how much you are loading your body, and most importantly, is it worth it to speed up or is it time to slow down a little, you really should pay your attention to heart rate monitors. Surely you are wondering how your heart beats during moments of physical exertion or how many calories you spent as a result of your path before you go to the shower.

Water procedures tone the autonomic nervous system, strengthen the central nervous system. They are recommended to be taken after morning exercises before breakfast.

Morning exercise is necessary for everyone, especially workers who perform hard mental work, spend a working day sitting at a table, a drawing board, etc. However, morning exercise does not allow us to completely overcome the limitation of mobility inherent in most of us. Additional physical breaks are required during working hours. Unfortunately, many are embarrassed to do day exercises, although they recognize its benefits.

With systematic physical exertion, blood vessels expand reflexively and heart contractions intensify, which ultimately leads to an increase in their resistance to a variety of overloads, in particular, emotional ones. It has long been observed that exercise is an excellent "lightning rod" in the event of strong negative emotions. Anger, indignation, resentment can be tempered by a walk in the fresh air, rubdown, a refreshing shower. Increasing physical activity is an excellent and effective way to reduce body weight, and obesity, as you know, is no less a dangerous risk factor for a person than physical inactivity. Evening walks have a calming effect on the state of the nervous system. Cycling trips and ski trips in winter are of great benefit. All these natural, pleasant and very useful physical activities allow you to maintain health, overcome the aging of the heart and blood vessels, the nervous system itself.

It is only important to avoid overloads and excesses. Cardiologists and neuropathologists recommend a simple, affordable way for everyone to check the adaptive reactions of the cardiovascular and nervous system. To do this, it is enough to count the pulse with maximum relaxation of the body in a supine position, and then slowly rise to your feet and count the pulse again. If the ability of the cardiovascular system to adapt to a change in body position is expressed enough, the pulse will accelerate when standing up to no more than 20 beats compared to the number of heartbeats per minute in the supine position. If the heart rate increases by a larger number of beats, gradual training exercises are indicated.

Unacceptable, especially for low-trained elderly people, sudden physical overload. If a person does not engage in daily and systematic physical exercises, then a sudden run with a heavy briefcase behind a leaving tram can be fatal for him. I know of more than one case of myocardial infarction in the elderly, when after a long break in physical work (these were people of mental labor) they gave themselves an excessive and prolonged load. For example, a catastrophe occurred in a 68-year-old man who decided to break ice with a heavy crowbar on a large site and worked without a break until sharp pains appeared in the heart area.

At the same time, systematic and habitual muscle work, for example, swimming, walking, contributes to the intellectual activity of a person. Pondering of scientific principles, plans of works of art, and finally, the process of creating poems often occur precisely during the movement.

Of great importance during physical exertion and medical gymnastics is the ability to breathe correctly. In mental work, say, in the study of scientific literature, the energy expenditure per hour in kilocalories is only 10 kcal. When walking at a speed of 6 km / h, this figure increases by 23 times, and when running at a speed of 10 km / h by 62.5 times. Accordingly, gas exchange increases, and hence the oxygen consumption by the tissues of our body. If running energy consumption of the body is 630 kcal or more, then you can imagine how much more active our heart and blood vessels should be in order to ensure oxygen delivery. Note that emotional stress increases oxygen consumption. The lungs are surprisingly rich in nerve plexuses, which are closely connected with the nervous apparatus of the heart. Even the sources of innervation of these organs - the nerve nodes with the nerve cells contained in them - are common to the heart and lungs.

Proper breathing is a guarantee of the reliability of the cardiovascular system. If the inhaled air contains about 21% oxygen, then the exhaled air contains a little more than 16%. On the other hand, blood flowing to the lungs contains only 12% of oxygen, and swelling, enriched with oxygen, contains it on average 19%. That is why it is necessary to learn to breathe correctly and deeply enough. The basis of such breathing is a deep exhalation. There are special rules for deep rhythmic breathing, for example, there are methods of the Indian breathing system (hatha yoga), and people who own these respiratory movements use all the respiratory muscles and use deep rhythmic breathing in order to calm the nervous system. It is recommended after the maximum exhalation of air from the lungs, then inhale it through the nose, while lowering the diaphragm, and then, after expanding the ribs and raising the collarbones, gently exhale all the air drawn into the lungs. The benefits of deep breathing are very great, especially when walking in the forest, on the river, in the park. These breathing procedures are beneficial for the nervous and cardiovascular systems of humans of any age. For the prevention of cardiovascular diseases and their treatment, a complex of therapeutic physical culture has been developed. This complex is also useful for healthy people seeking to prevent cardiovascular diseases and to restore, as they now say, rehabilitation of the sick.

Morning gymnastics, a complex of therapeutic gymnastics conducted throughout the day, dosed walking, health path (method of treatment with dosed walks on rough terrain with a slope of the track up to 15-20 °), ski walks (air temperature not lower than 15 ° C, wind force no more 3 m / s, walk time - approximately 40 minutes) - all these forms of physiotherapy exercises are good for cardiac patients. Thus, we can say that not only the prevention of heart disease, but also the therapeutic effects in the event of illnesses depend on the behavior of each person. No wonder doctors say that the patient's discipline, his desire to defeat the disease - a sure key to success in treatment. In cardiological institutions, an increasingly important role in the treatment of patients is played by the departments of rehabilitation - restoration of the patient’s body, for example, after myocardial infarction. The whole process of physiotherapy exercises consists of three stages: classes in a hospital, in a special rehabilitation department, and after discharge from the hospital, in a clinic.

There are specific recommendations for physical therapy for coronary heart disease, hypertension, circulatory failure of varying degrees. However, all these recommendations, measures taken to prevent heart and vascular diseases will be unsuccessful if a person does not part with a cigarette. The addiction with which many thousands of people live and which most of them regret but cannot get rid of is a formidable risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. It is of little use if a person skiing in a frosty forest, after another intensified inhalation of clean country air, stops to inhale cigarette smoke no less actively and to finish it to the end. Moreover, this happens in conditions of increased activity of the heart and lungs, and nicotine, along with other components of tobacco smoke, is intensely absorbed into the bloodstream of the "resting" person. When examining one of the districts of Moscow, it was revealed that among men aged 50-59, almost 3/4 of smokers were (74%). Recall that precisely at this age, the number of sympathetic fibers in the heart decreases, it loses its adaptive properties and remains somewhat defenseless.

It is estimated that among men who had myocardial infarction, 82% smoked. The coronary arteries of the heart were most affected in patients who smoked a record number of packs of cigarettes per year - 675. Three coronary arteries of the heart were affected in these patients. Two coronary arteries were affected in 449 packs smoked per year, and one coronary artery in 383 packs smoked per year. Often after a heart attack, patients are convinced how harmful their habit is and quit smoking. At all or temporarily - it all depends on the will of the patient.

The nervous system in smokers is also affected to a greater extent. For example, cerebral hemorrhage in 1,546 patients was 1.8 times more likely than non-smokers, more often they died. Summarizing modern data on the dangers of smoking, scientists note that non-smokers, being in a smoked room, inhale for 1 hour such an amount of carbon monoxide, gas and nicotine, which are contained in more than 4 cigarettes. Nicotine, as you know, is a neurotropic poison, i.e., acts directly on the nerve endings and nerve cells. Boosting sensitive nerve endings in the synocarotid zone, nicotine causes increased respiration and increased blood pressure. In addition, introducing into the sympathetic nerve nodes, it causes excitation of the nerve cells located in them, resulting in a narrowing of the blood vessels. Penetrating blood into the adrenal glands, nicotine causes the release of adrenaline and norepinephrine, which fall into the myocardial zone, devoid of sympathetic nerve plexuses and damage the heart muscle. At the same time, there is an insufficient supply of oxygen to the heart muscle (hypoxia), which is immediately reflected in the electrocardiogram. The walls of blood vessels also change, in which the development of atherosclerosis is enhanced. Much more common in smokers is such a serious illness as obliterating endarteritis. They have pains in the legs, as the lumen of the arteries of the limbs narrows, and the nutrition of the tissues is disturbed. As a result, necrosis can occur, and in especially severe cases, it comes to the amputation of one or both limbs.

In addition to nicotine, carbon monoxide and other substances - pyridine bases, ammonia, and hydrocyanic acid, which are part of tobacco smoke, also have a harmful effect on the heart muscle and blood vessel wall.

Among the methods of combating smoking, along with medical treatment, acupuncture is used, hypnosis sessions are conducted, and sanitary-educational work is being conducted. It should be emphasized that no half measures in this regard will help. Life shows that the correct upbringing in the family and the collective, the will and conviction of a person will help him get rid of this addiction and maintain his health.

No less acute is the question of damage to the cardiovascular system in alcoholism. Disorders of cardiac activity and blood pressure are found in many patients with alcoholism. Alcohol - ethyl alcohol, falling into the bloodstream and then into the liver, turns into acetaldehyde. This substance causes a rapid, explosion-like, release of norepinephrine, the mediator of the sympathetic nervous system, in tissues. Heart palpitations, changes in the regulation of blood vessels, heart rhythm disturbances develop. For example, the introduction of a negligible dose of this substance into a blood vessel that feeds the main source of heart rhythm - the sinus node containing many nerve fibers, caused a variety of distortions of the heart rhythm.

A common complication of alcoholism and simply frequent drinking is alcoholic, cardiomyopathy, which is characterized by deep disorders of the heart muscle of alcoholics, significant damage to the nervous system of internal organs, including the heart. With alcoholic cardiomyopathy, prolonged pain in the region of the heart is typical. The pain appears gradually, it can be aching, pulling, sometimes turning into a burning sensation, but unlike pain with angina pectoris it does not happen in the form of attacks, but it is felt constantly, for a long time. A number of changes also appear on the electrocardiogram.

The described changes occur in people with alcoholism, but cases of alcoholic damage to internal organs are known even after episodic drinking. Sudden cardiac death can occur in alcoholics and with a relatively low alcohol content in the blood. There is still an opinion that the daily consumption of a small amount of wine supposedly protects against the occurrence of heart disease. In fact, the destructive role of alcohol for the heart muscle has been established, which under its influence is gradually replaced by numerous islands of adipose tissue. The fight against alcoholism is not only a matter for the public, but also for every citizen. Attitude to drunkenness is an indicator of a person’s upbringing and moral principles.

Proper nutrition is an important way to prevent cardiovascular disease. It is necessary to know the main principles of the diet that contribute to maintaining the full activity of the heart and blood vessels, especially if age-related changes have appeared or signs of distress on the part of the cardiovascular system have been noticed. Cardiologists, recommending a specific diet to their patients, take care of the need for a balanced diet. At the same time, much attention is paid to the need to maintain the nervous regulation of the heart. An important role is played by the mineral and vitamin composition of food. When the first signs of an increase in blood pressure appear, patients are advised to use diet therapy, include magnesium salts in the diet, which have a calming effect on the vasomotor nerve centers and reduce the effect on the cardiovascular system of the vagus nerves. With the appearance of signs of atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, they also resort to special diets. A cardiologist will help you choose them.

In order to prevent diseases of the heart and blood vessels, you must regularly undergo a routine examination, be attentive to your health.

However, here, as in everything, one should know the measure. Doctors know a group of patients experiencing constant fear and greater alertness for heart disease. Even with minor pain in the region of the heart, these people begin to fear with fear the "tragic" events, count the pulse and often without any reason to take various medications. Such patients require constant attention, study not only popular, but also special medical literature, not satisfied with the assurances of the attending physician who claims that they have no disturbances on the electrocardiogram, seek advice from other specialists. They tend to talk in great detail and in detail about their painful sensations. As a rule, they are afraid of physical exercises, avoid hiking, differ in suspiciousness and constant expectation of "misfortune".

Excessive excitement and a sense of fear can really lead in such people to an accelerated heartbeat and an increase in blood pressure. As a result, obsessive conditions lead to impaired nervous regulation of the vascular bed. It turns out that they themselves exacerbate their malaise, "drive" their body into the disease. But how to escape from nervous overload? How to protect yourself from stress? How, finally, to recognize the threshold of danger beyond which the disease is already beginning? And is it possible at all, living the intense life of a modern person, to avoid their so undesirable nervous costs? You can’t escape. But to compensate, to neutralize the effects of negative emotions is necessary.

Yes, we cannot avoid conflict situations. Moreover, often we simply do not want to avoid them. We are fighting for a cause in which we believe, without which we cannot, we do not want to live. But so that later, after a few hours after a heated debate, it would not shrink from pain, help him. Do not rush behind the wheel of the car, do not squeeze into the underground subway tunnel. Go home on foot, on a run, let the adrenaline burn in the blood, and the vessels will shake out the poison of rage and anger, let the body clear of toxins. If simple physical work before sweat, to exhaustion, it would be possible to extinguish pain and resentment, heal emotional abrasions and groans of wounded pride ... But can physical activity compensate for the damage done to nerves and heart by negative emotions? Will be able.

The lack of exercise that came with civilization literally seizes the human age. Take a look around how many obese men and women, and indeed the children around you. And as a rule, they are all in friendship with the TV and in a quarrel with the sport. The good desire to replace all labor that requires muscle costs with a motor has turned into a disaster for man these days. Automation of production and the unprecedented development of household appliances made not only skeletal muscles flabby, but also the muscles of the heart. Abundant nutrition and voluntarily taken immobility give monstrous results. This is how American physician Streig estimates them. "Material security turns too many Americans into observers and lazy people and allows them to get fat ... We watch TV, drive cars or go to the movies, we accumulate fat ... Every year the average American adds 1-1.5 kg in weight , at 45, he weighs 25 kg more than he weighed at 25 ... " So, overweight is a disaster. These are blood vessels tired of constant tension, heart suffocating from overloads, flabby muscles, poor sleep, bad mood. But why are they so closely connected - devoid of muscle movement and a sick heart? Why is the last working capacity in our civilized age directly dependent on muscle work? Yes, because man was, is and will be the brainchild of nature.

Nature worked hard on man a lot. Meanwhile, the biological species - man - has completed its development. Evolution once decided: a person should respond to a sense of fear experienced during a hunt or attack by an enemy tribe by actively spending muscle energy and opposing emotions - rage, anger, hatred. And so it was: the beast was catching up with our ancestor, he was running away from him. And now everything is different - parenting and communication experience in the team have taught us to restrain our emotions: pacify our passions, and we simply forgot about our responsibilities to our own muscles, perceiving physical labor as a kind of heavy duty. Humanity has learned a lot, it has become powerful and enlightened, wise and generous. No, our heart has not lost its heart in the age of rational decisions and cold calculations of an amazing gift to shrink from love and tenderness, burn with a fierce fire, and die from trepidation. We will help him, it’s not so difficult. And it in gratitude will share with us the ability to love and understand the world in which it was lucky to live.

Greetings to all readers of the blog!

Currently, in the entire civilized world, cardiovascular diseases have come first. It is alarming that these diseases are often found at a young age recently and are causes of serious outcomes.

Cardiovascular Disease Prevention  help prevent heart disease. To do this, you need to know what our heart does not like, and what it responds with gratitude to.

First, let's talk about what the heart likes.

In the prevention of cardiovascular diseases, nutrition must be given priority. Eat wholemeal bread, which is high in fiber. Fiber collects cholesterol and carries it out of the body. This means that atherosclerotic phenomena will manifest themselves much more slowly.

Eat more vegetables and fruits, they contain important trace elements and vitamins for the heart.

It is better to refuse animal fats, and use vegetable oil. The best oil is olive and flaxseed.

Don't forget about sea fish and seafood that are rich in omega-3 fatty acids and Q-10. These substances contribute to the prevention of atherosclerosis.

Drink boiled and high-quality raw water. Low calcium remains in boiled water, and this leads to the development of cardiovascular diseases.

In order to prevent cardiovascular diseases it is good to spend fasting days, for example, eat only vegetables, fruits or drink kefir during the day.

Eat four times a day, try to eat dinner no later than three hours before bedtime.

For cardiovascular diseases it is useful to take daily walks. If there is not enough time for walks, walk along the road to and from work. You need to leave the house early and try not to go along busy highways. It is good to go through the parks where you can breathe fresh air.

Exercise regularly. They should be moderate, varied. They should be increased gradually.

For the prevention of cardiovascular disease, try a course of treatment with raisins. This recipe will help the heart, relieve weakness and pain in the heart.

Take 2 kilograms of pitted raisins. Rinse well with warm water and then cold water. Let it dry, sort it out. Cooked raisins during the day, eat an even amount of 40 raisins in the morning on an empty stomach. Start your breakfast no earlier than one hour later. According to this scheme, you need to eat 1 kilogram of raisins. Start taking the second kilogram in a descending pattern. Today 40 pieces, tomorrow 39, and so on. You can carry out preventive treatment 1-2 times a year.

In the autumn, do not forget to prepare viburnum. Drink viburnum tea with honey or sugar for prevention.

In the fall, do not miss the opportunity and take a preventive course of treatment with a mixture of apple and beet juice.

The juice mixture recipe is prepared as follows:

Using a juicer, squeeze the apple and beetroot juice. Let stand for 2 hours. Mix 5 parts apple and 1 part beetroot juice. Take 2 cups a day.

It is good to prepare beet and honey juice in a ratio of 1: 2, add the juice of one lemon. Drink an hour after eating, half a glass. Store the juice mixture in the refrigerator.

Now let's talk about how the heart reacts poorly, what does it not like?

A large peak in cardiovascular diseases, strokes and heart attacks occurs at the beginning of the summer season. People come to their summer cottages and try to redo everything immediately. Do not forget that all affairs can never be completely redone. It is better to engage in a slow pace, but you will avoid formidable consequences. All of the above can be recommended to people who decided to make repairs themselves.

Pay attention to the dream. Sleeping for a long time is bad, but lack of sleep is also harmful. A big risk for cardiovascular disease is night shift work or overtime work.

Avoid stress and conflict. You need to try to get away from them altogether or relate with a bit of humor. Think that there are no ideal people, and we are all so different.

Monitor your blood pressure. High blood pressure can lead to a heart attack, significantly increases the load on the heart. Each house must have a device for measuring pressure. The choice of tonometers is really great now, you can choose for every taste and price.

Pay attention to salt, try to salt less food, but it is not recommended to completely refuse salt.

Pay attention to your weight. Try to lose weight. Excess weight very often leads to an increase in blood pressure.

Watch your cholesterol, do not forget to donate blood for lipid composition. If the indicators are increased, try to take measures and change the lifestyle, nutrition.

Ask your doctor about a blood coagulation test once a year. Viscous blood does not pass well through the vessels, blood microcirculation is disturbed. And so that the blood does not become so viscous, do not forget about lemon and cranberries. Aspirin also dilutes the blood, in small doses it is prescribed by doctors. So you protect yourself from thrombosis.

Deficiency of magnesium and calcium decreases significantly with age. This especially threatens women, hormonal changes occur in their body. Deficiency of these important minerals leads to cardiovascular diseases, osteoporosis. To prevent cardiovascular disease, every woman who has crossed the age of 40 should take magnesium and calcium preparations.

Such a simple prevention of cardiovascular diseases will certainly help you cope with serious ailments.

Your health must be protected, for us it is priceless. Do prevention, lead a healthy lifestyle.

And I wish you good health! Do not forget that our heart is such a vulnerable and delicate organ!

Cardiovascular Disease Prevention

In the Kirov region in the structure of mortality, circulatory diseases account for more than half, as a result of cardiovascular diseases, about 2 thousand people under the age of 60 die every year, more than 400 thousand working days are lost annually due to temporary disability.

To minimize the risk of developing hypertension, coronary heart disease, atherosclerosis and, accordingly, such formidable complications of these diseases as myocardial infarction and acute cerebrovascular accident (stroke), each person must know the risk factors, the elimination of which will increase life expectancy and make her more comfortable.

What are these risk factors?

1. High blood pressure (above 140/90 mmHg)
2. High blood cholesterol (upper limit of normal 5.0 mmol / l).
3. High fasting blood sugar (normal blood glucose from 3.3 to 5.5 mmol / L).
4. Smoking.
5. Overweight. To a greater extent, abdominal obesity, which can be determined by the circumference of the waist, negatively affects health. In men, the waist circumference should not exceed 102 cm, and in women - 88 cm.
6. Sedentary lifestyle.
7. Alcohol abuse.
8. Excessive intake of fatty and salty foods. It is necessary to minimize the consumption of animal fats (lard, little cream, sour cream, a lot of animal fats in sausages), and limit salt intake to 3-5 g per day (a teaspoon without a “pot”).

In terms of preventing cardiovascular catastrophes, it is especially necessary to highlight the need to control the level of blood pressure, since high blood pressure increases the risk of stroke and myocardial infarction several times. Optimal blood pressure - 120/80 mm Hg

According to studies conducted in the Kirov region, the prevalence of arterial hypertension among the adult population of the region is 40.9%. Know their blood pressure level of 67.9%. Among people suffering from hypertension, more than half receive antihypertensive therapy, but only a seventh of them are treated effectively. Against the background of treatment, it reaches and for a long time (years) holds normal numbers of blood pressure only every seventeenth among the population of patients with arterial hypertension. The male part of the population treats their health especially badly.

The low effectiveness of treatment is primarily due to the fact that an erroneous opinion about the course treatment of hypertension is still common, when drugs are canceled when normal blood pressure numbers are reached. Hypertension is a chronic disease, therefore, treatment should be daily and long, and normal blood pressure figures indicate that the treatment is selected correctly and needs to be continued.

The World Heart Federation notes that it is imperative that efforts to combat diseases of the cardiovascular system are not limited to policies and actions by health professionals. People around the world themselves can reduce the risks of cardiovascular disease in themselves and their loved ones. Household as a center of family and everyday life for every person is a great place to start taking measures to improve heart health. Having slightly changed the standard of housekeeping and behavior at home, in order to prevent the development of heart disease and stroke, people around the world can live longer and better.

The World Heart Federation has identified four simple measures that must be followed in everyday life:

• Avoid smoking in the house. By quitting smoking, you will improve your health and the health of your loved ones. Set a rule: for each cigarette smoked, the smoker does additional housework.
• Stick to a healthy diet. Your diet should contain vegetables and fruits. Avoid greasy, fried, and junk food.
• Encourage physical activity. Limit the time you and your family members spend at the TV and at the computer. Organize family walks, hikes and outdoor games.
• Know your numbers. Visit a medical institution, for example, the Health Center, where you will measure blood pressure, determine the level of glucose and cholesterol in the blood, calculate the body mass index. Knowing your risk of developing cardiovascular disease, you can develop a specific plan of action to improve heart health.

Adhering to these rules can reduce the risk of developing cardiovascular disease. However, not all heart diseases can be prevented. Over 70 percent of all heart attacks and strokes requiring emergency medical care occur at home when someone from a family member is nearby who can help the patient. Therefore, it is important to know what measures should be taken if a heart attack or ischemic stroke develops at home. If you suspect that your family member has a heart attack or stroke, seek medical attention immediately. Always have emergency phones on hand.

Signs of a heart attack:

• Chest discomfort, including constricting pain in the chest or behind the sternum.
• Discomfort and / or pain that spreads to other areas of the upper body, such as one or both arms, under the shoulder blades, back, neck, upper or lower jaw, or to the stomach.
• Shortness of breath with or without discomfort in the chest.
• Other symptoms include: unexplained weakness or fatigue, anxiety or unusual nervousness, cold sweat, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and fainting.

Signs of a stroke:

• Sudden weakness in the face, arm, or leg, most often on one side of the body.
• Sudden clouding of consciousness, problems with speech or with understanding of speech.
• Sudden vision problems in one or both eyes.
• Sudden gait disturbance, dizziness, loss of balance or coordination.
• Sudden severe headache for an unknown reason.

If you observe any of these symptoms that may be transient, call an ambulance immediately. Remember, the earlier treatment is started, the more effective it is.

Celebrating World Heart Day, take responsibility for the health of your heart and the hearts of your loved ones. Make your home a place where healthy food is available, where tobacco is not allowed, and where physical activity is encouraged to reduce the risk of heart disease and stroke. It is in your power to create conditions for a healthy lifestyle in the house!

Prevention of diseases of the heart and blood vessels. Atherosclerosis. Hypertension

Today we continue to talk about modifying your lifestyle to reduce your individual risk. It will be about other measures of primary and secondary prevention, including individual drugs.

Begin in all patients after MI and acute coronary syndrome. Continue taking indefinitely. Observe the usual contraindications. Use as needed to treat angina pectoris, arrhythmias, or hypertension in all other patients.

Abbreviations: AD - arterial pressure, ACE - angiotensin-converting enzyme, Hemoglobin A1 s - the largest adult hemoglobin fraction (glycated hemoglobin), MI - myocardial infarction, BMI - body mass index, HDL - high density lipoproteins, LDL - lipoproteins - lipoproteins international normalized ratio, CNS - chronic circulatory failure, CRF - chronic renal failure.

* - the use of resin is relatively contraindicated when triglycerides< 200 мг/дл (5,2 ммоль/л).

† - not HDL cholesterol \u003d total cholesterol minus HDL cholesterol.

Information about some of the individual drugs that are listed in the table:

STATINS. The most studied statin to date is simvastatin (sold in pharmacies under the names: zokor, simvor, vasilip, simgal, etc.). Since December 2003, sold in the UK without a prescription. Starting dose of 10 mg x 1 time per day before bedtime. Next, the dose is selected under the control of LDL cholesterol (beta-lipoproteins, "bad" cholesterol). Two weeks after the start of administration, it is advisable to perform a biochemical blood test for the activity of ALT and CPK enzymes. Possible side effects of simvastatin are comparable in frequency of occurrence with placebo. If you had angina pectoris, then the intensity of pain against a background of statins should decrease, as a rule, there are no other sensations when taking simvastatin. Simvastatin has been shown to reduce mortality and development of myocardial infarction and stroke in patients receiving it.

Fibrates, niacin, resin - drugs that are prescribed and controlled by their action only by a doctor!

Antithrombotic agents / anticoagulants. The most studied drugs in this group are aspirin (sold in pharmacies under the names: aspirin, acetylsalicylic acid, thrombo ACC, etc.) and warfarin. Aspirin is taken 1 time per day at a dose of 75 to 325 mg. A contraindication to the use of aspirin is a predisposition to bleeding and / or ulceration. Aspirin in the protective membrane causes gastric ulcer in the same way as non-enveloping, because this action occurs through the bloodstream, by exposing the enzyme to cyclooxygenase, and not at the point of contact on the gastric mucosa. Aspirin has been shown to reduce mortality and the development of myocardial infarction and stroke in patients receiving it.

Warfarin is a drug that only a doctor prescribes and controls its action! The selection of a dose of warfarin is carried out under the control of blood coagulation indicators!

ACE inhibitors.  The most studied drugs from this group are ramipril (sold in pharmacies under the names: tritace, corpril) and enalapril (sold in pharmacies under the names: renitec, enap, ednit, invoril, enam, etc.). The initial dose for ramipril is 2.5 mg x 1 time per day, for enalapril 5 mg x 2 times per day. Ramipril and enalapril are contraindicated in pregnancy, hyperkalemia, bilateral renal artery stenosis and aortic valve stenosis. The dose is selected according to the level of blood pressure to the maximum tolerated. Ramipril or enalaryl has been shown to reduce mortality and the development of myocardial infarction and stroke in patients taking one of these drugs.

Beta blockers. The most studied drug from this group is metoprolol (sold in pharmacies under the names: betalok, aegilok, unilok, etc.). The initial dose of 12.5 mg x 2 times a day. Contraindications to metoprolol: bronchial asthma and other obstructive pulmonary diseases, bradycardia and AV block. The dose is selected according to the level of blood pressure. Metoprolol has been shown to reduce mortality and myocardial infarction in patients receiving it.

One of the diseases that can lead to the development of myocardial infarction is hypertension. Therefore, blood pressure control is so important.

First you need to decide: do you have hypertension?

Definition and classification of blood pressure levels

Diseases of the heart and cardiovascular system   - one of the main causes of death on our planet. The main reasons for the development of heart and cardiovascular diseases are arterial hypertension (high blood pressure), as well as obesity. Overweight people are 2 times more likely to have high blood pressure than people with normal weight.

Also, the risk of heart disease depends on heredity, age and gender. However, the main risk factors for heart disease are directly dependent on the person.

Heart Risk Factors

Invariable, i.e. not controlled by a person:

1. floor;
2. age;
3. heredity.

And mutable, i.e. subject to man:

1. smoking;
2. alcohol abuse
3. high cholesterol;
4. low physical activity;
5. obesity;
6. arterial hypertension

How to prevent heart disease

The most formidable and dangerous heart diseases, such as myocardial infarction, ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke, can be prevented simply by adhering to a healthy lifestyle. To do this, a person needs:

• constantly measure blood pressure, it is important not to allow an increase in pressure above 140/90 mm Hg;
• constantly monitor your body weight. With a strong increase in body weight - take active measures to normalize weight;
• be sure to quit smoking and alcohol abuse;
• adhere to proper nutrition;
• observe sufficient physical activity.

What foods need to be excluded to prevent heart disease

A major role in the development of heart disease and the cardiovascular system is played by a violation of lipid metabolism, as well as an increase in blood cholesterol. That is why it is necessary to eat less foods containing animal fats, namely: butter, cream, sour cream, fatty cottage cheese, fatty meat, lard.

Heart Improving Products

Be sure to eat fresh fruits and vegetables every day. Also, for good heart function, it is important to eat foods containing enough potassium: prunes, baked potatoes, apricots, pumpkin and dried apricots.

Magnesium helps to maintain and maintain our vessels in good shape, not starting them and preventing the formation of spasms of blood vessels. This element (magnesium) is found in sufficient quantities in cereals, nuts, herbs and beets.

Include marine fish in your diet. Eat her at least twice a week. In addition to saltwater fish, iodine also contains foods such as mussels, squid, shrimp and seaweed - they help prevent heart disease.

Physical activity as prevention of heart disease

Prevention of diseases of the heart and cardiovascular system, including myocardial infarction, ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke requires sufficient physical exertion.

But here it is important to maintain a balance: excessive physical exercise and overwork, as well as complete restriction of mobility, are equally dangerous for a person. We recommend starting to run in the morning or doing exercises.

A person needs a good full night's sleep without interruptions, its duration should be at least 7-8 hours.

Material prepared according to the Internet

dentist therapist

The heart is the motor of the whole organism. A global environmental catastrophe, a modern pace of life, an unbalanced diet and an increased level of daily stress lead to a disruption in the functioning of this vital organ. In most cases, heart disease leads to a deterioration in living standards, depending on medications or devices. And in some cases - to disability, in difficult situations - to the death of the patient. This article will discuss what heart diseases are known: list and symptoms, modern methods of treatment of official and traditional medicine.

General symptoms

We will tell you what heart diseases exist: a list and symptoms, treatment - nothing will be left without attention. There are many types and subspecies of heart disease. Each case has its own characteristics and specific symptoms. But for the convenience of identifying problems in medical circles, it is customary to classify heart diseases based on common symptoms. Therefore, it is possible to identify the symptoms characteristic of most heart problems, in the presence of which a person should immediately contact a cardiologist for further examination:

1. Fatigue and fatigue. Unfortunately, such a symptom occurs in almost every second person living in a metropolis. It is unlikely that anyone will pay attention to such a slight malaise. But if for you this condition was not the norm before, but appeared completely unexpectedly and extended for a long time, this is a serious cause for concern about heart health.
2.   and a heartbeat. This condition is normally observed during physical exertion, anxiety, fear or excitement. But if arrhythmia manifests itself daily or even several times a day for no apparent reason, go through a specialist examination.
3. Shortness of breath - shortness of breath, feeling of lack of air. This symptom occurs in 90% of people suffering from a particular heart disease.
4. Dizziness, nausea, loss of consciousness, sweating, swelling. Such symptoms appear in some patients regularly, while in others they are completely absent.
5. Chest pains often warn of approaching. The symptom has various manifestations: the pain can be sharp short-term or long-term “compressive”, there are feelings of heaviness, stiffness in the chest. Unpleasant sensations can spread to the shoulder girdle, left arm or leg.

It is worth noting the fact that people often do not pay attention to most body signals. In addition, far from always there is a pronounced pain syndrome of one or another heart disease. The list and symptoms in each case are individual. Neglect of one's own health worsens the performance of medical statistics: about 40% of all deaths are due to heart disease.

Causes

Why does heart disease appear? The names, the list of such problems is getting longer every day. The causes of heart disease are very different. First of all, the hereditary factor affects, as well as various disorders of a woman's pregnancy, which contribute to the formation of pathologies of the development of the fetal heart muscle.

Acquired heart problems result from malnutrition. About which particular products lead to disruptions in the functioning of the cardiovascular system, doctors are having discussions. Some believe that excessive consumption of fatty foods and simple carbohydrates adversely affects health. While other luminaries of science argue that just the absence of animal fats, oversaturation of the body with polyunsaturated acids leads to problems of the heart muscle. One way or another, we can conclude that for prevention, you should adhere to the golden mean in nutrition and saturate the body with various useful substances.

The lack of physical activity, the abuse of alcohol and nicotine adversely affect the health of our internal natural motor. Common are heart diseases due to nerves. The list of such health problems is increasing daily.

Concomitant ailments can also lead to heart disease. For example, metabolic disorders, blood formation and blood flow.

Heart Disease: List

Heartbeat syndrome occurs in almost every third inhabitant of the planet. Heart rate and heart rate jumps for no reason are called arrhythmia or impaired heart rate. This condition is not a disease in itself, but it has unpleasant symptoms and is considered a pronounced sign of heart problems of various origins: from a blood supply disturbance to the toxic effects of drugs.

Arrhythmia Treatment

To eliminate the problem, you need to identify the root cause and fight it. There are also medications to reduce the rhythm of the heartbeat, for example, “Disopyramide”, “Timolol”, “Verapamil”, “Magnesium sulfate” and others. They differ in the method of action and have a number of adverse reactions, contraindications. Self-administration of drugs against arrhythmia is unsafe for health.

Widely used to normalize the heart rate, decoctions and infusions of herbs. You can learn more about them in the corresponding chapter.

Heart failure

Such a condition as heart failure, just like arrhythmia, is not considered a disease, but is a consequence of malfunctioning of the heart. At the same time, the person is worried about the symptoms of heart problems, most often - shortness of breath and rapid unusual fatigue. Cyanosis of the nail plates and nasolabial triangle is also noted due to a violation of the blood supply to the tissues.

Inflammatory diseases: pericarditis, myocarditis, endocarditis

There are heart diseases, the list and symptoms of which are listed below, which are inflammatory in nature:

1. Pericarditis  - inflammation in the pericardial cavity. The cause of this problem is other diseases of the body, in particular, autoimmune and infectious. Pericarditis may also develop after an injury. There is fluid congestion in the indicated section of the heart, which leads to difficulty in contracting the muscle, disrupting its work. Within a few hours, such a complication develops to a serious form - cardiac tamponade. Pressure in the pericardial region, caused by an increase in fluid and inflammation of the walls, can limit the organ's ability to contract, until it stops completely. Pericarditis is not immediately manifested by symptoms, which also adversely affects the patient's medical prognosis. This disease is deadly.
2. Myocarditis  - myocardial inflammation. The disease develops under the influence of viruses, fungi and bacteria. Often passes without severe symptoms. Recovery in this case occurs independently. According to indications, antiviral, antibacterial, immunomodulating therapy can be used. This disease is dangerous with the possible development of cardiomyopathy (stretching of the inner region of the heart muscle).
3. Endocarditis  - inflammation of the endocardium, an internal disease of infectious origin. It can form even after minor at first glance surgery, for example, when a tooth is removed. Symptoms are quite pronounced:

• fever;
• high body temperature;
• joint pain
• grayish color of the skin;
• thickening of the phalanges of the fingers;
• enlarged liver and spleen;
• the development of kidney problems;
• heart murmur while listening to a stethoscope.

A disease is dangerous, not only because it violates, but also the possibility of developing complications in other organs. Such diseases of the heart are eliminated with the help of broad-spectrum antibacterial agents. Symptoms and treatment depend on the severity and general condition of the patient. The course of taking antibiotics is at least two weeks. With timely access to a doctor, the prognosis for the patient is 70% favorable. But deaths from this disease are regularly recorded. Moreover, often a fatal outcome occurs not only due to a violation of the heart, but also from the failure of the liver and kidneys.

Problems of an inflammatory nature in the tissues of the heart muscle lead to complications, and hearts develop. The list of such pathologies is regularly updated.

Coronary artery disease

Atherosclerotic heart diseases are widespread. The list and methods of their treatment are determined depending on the symptoms. So, coronary heart disease is an extremely dangerous condition. A characteristic sign is a violation of blood flow in large vessels of the body, including in the coronary arteries that supply blood to the myocardium. Coronary heart disease accounts for 90% of all heart diseases. The genetic predisposition, the elderly patient, overweight, diabetes, the use of certain medications, bad habits and the wrong lifestyle contribute to the formation of such a problem.

This disease is dangerous by the development of such pathological conditions that can lead to death:

1. Heart failure.
2. Arrhythmia.
3. Angina pectoris.
4. Myocardial infarction is a necrosis of a portion of the inner lining of the heart muscle.
5. Heart failure.

Coronary heart disease treatment

Since this disease is a common problem, we pay special attention to modern methods of treating coronary heart muscle disease. Depending on the symptomatology, the doctor selects an adequate treatment, but general recommendations are as follows:

• decrease in physical activity;
• diet (reducing the amount of water and salt consumed).

Medical preparations

They treat such heart diseases with medication. The list of drugs that help improve blood flow and help break down cholesterol plaques is as follows:

• antiplatelet agents “Trombopol”, “Clopidogrel”;
• adrenoblockers “Coronal”, “Betalok”, “Dilatrend”;
• nitrates;
• anticoagulants;
• diuretics.

Surgical methods

The following surgical methods are used:

1. Coronary bypass surgery.
2. The introduction of a medical balloon.

Unfortunately, it is impossible to completely eliminate this disease today. Treatment methods are used to prevent the development of complications, including heart attack and slow the progression of coronary disease.

Congenital ailments

Congenital heart disease occurs. Names, list, symptoms depend on the nature of the pathology. In the period of fetal development of the fetus in the presence of adverse factors, the development of various disorders in the formation of the heart muscle and adjacent arteries is possible. Such birth defects are the main causes of death in newborns and children in their first year of life. Often, babies with congenital heart defects remain deeply disabled.

The main risk factor is genetic. Secondary factors are the following: environmental, viral and infectious diseases transmitted by a pregnant woman, poisoning with chemicals, abuse of nicotine, alcohol, drug use by the expectant mother.

If pathologies of the development of heart muscle in a newborn are found, surgical intervention is often prescribed according to indications. But such a cardinal method has a high level of risk. Unfortunately, the forecasts are disappointing, the probability of death or disability is very high when diagnosing a serious pathology.

Folk remedies for the treatment of heart disease

Unpleasant symptoms of heart disease are also treated with folk remedies. The names (list) of herbs and fruits that will help normalize the pulse, reduce pressure on the heart muscle, remove stagnant fluid, improve blood flow and metabolism, calm, improve sleep and increase immunity, are as follows:

• peppermint;
• melissa;
• hawthorn;
• rosehip;
• valerian;
• calendula.

Heart disease prevention

Unfortunately, no one is immune from genetic and hereditary factors. Therefore, it is impossible to prevent congenital heart disease. The list and symptoms of such diseases should be known to everyone, and at the first suspicion, you need to contact a cardiologist for a professional examination. This significantly increases the chance of a full recovery.

In addition, a healthy lifestyle will help reduce the risk of developing heart disease. Adhere to proper nutrition, monitor your weight, actively spend leisure time, regularly undergo a medical examination, especially pay attention to the diagnosis of blood pressure, cholesterol and blood sugar.

Keep an eye on your body's signals - a timely visit to a doctor can not only improve the quality of life, but in many cases also preserve such a valuable gift.

The most important organ in the human body is the heart. Most people felt discomfort in the chest area, but did not betray it.

  There are various types of heart disease, which, if detected late, will significantly harm the body and lead to sad consequences. Pathologies of this organ are found in people regardless of whether you are a child or an adult, a guy or a girl.

You have a cough, lethargy, fever - these are not always symptoms of a cold, but may be the first harbingers of heart problems. Panic is not worth it right away, but you should immediately contact a specialist for advice. Below, we consider the main causes, symptoms and treatment methods.

  Heart diseases

The heart is a hollow muscle organ, the purpose of which is to pump blood through the vessels. It is located in the thoracic region, and is slightly offset from the line of symmetry. The heart consists of two atria and two ventricles.

The right side is the so-called venous heart, and the left side is the arterial. Such a separation is done because arteries exit the left side, and veins enter the right side.

The heart shape resembles a cone, but there may be some slight differences. The size and weight of the heart muscle may vary by gender and age. On average, in men, the heart weighs about 350 grams, in women, 80-100 grams less.

The heart is our “motor." Stopping it means death. The heart is the largest hard worker in the human body. It does not stop or rest.

In its entire life, it makes more than 2 billion strokes and pumps about 250 million liters of blood. Impressive numbers! Obviously, in order to cope with their work, the heart must be strong and healthy. Unfortunately, this cannot be said of most people. Diseases of the heart and blood vessels today are becoming epidemic.

Life in the modern world with its ecology, bad habits, stress makes the heart very vulnerable and weakens it. Timely access to a doctor, proper diagnosis and therapy are the main principles on which successful treatment of heart disease is based. Equally important is prevention.

People at risk who have a genetic predisposition, obesity, frequent stress, nervous work, bad habits, should especially carefully monitor their health and be regularly examined. So there is a chance that heart disease can be controlled and contained.

The work of the heart is to pump blood. Blood moves through the vessels from arteries to the smallest capillaries, which is delivered to all organs and tissues of the human body. Thus, life is maintained throughout the body. The work of the heart consists of cycles, in each of which systole and diastole are isolated.

Systole is a moment of contraction of the heart, a moment when it ejects blood into the arteries. Diastole is a moment of relaxation of the heart muscle, a rest of the heart. The whole cycle lasts less than a second, that is, for a minute at rest, the heart should do 60-70 beats.

The proper functioning of the heart is ensured by the nervous, endocrine and immune systems. The nervous system regulates the heart rate. If we worry, or are afraid of something, the heart begins to beat harder. And this happens due to the fact that the endocrine system produces adrenaline.

If the frequency and strength of the heart contractions decrease, this means that the hormone acetylcholine has entered the work. If any foreign bodies attack the cardiovascular system, the immune system begins to work, which produces antibodies and destroys the aggressor. Source: "transferfaktory.ru"

Brief classification of diseases

One of the most common diseases of the cardiovascular system is arterial hypertension.

The heart is an organ with complex anatomy and physiology, therefore heart diseases accompanied by a violation of its structure and function are diverse. They can be conditionally combined into several groups.

1. Coronary artery disease:

• Sudden coronary death;
• Angina pectoris;
• Unstable angina pectoris;
• Myocardial infarction.

Arterial hypertension and hypotension:

• Hypertonic disease;
• Symptomatic arterial hypertension;
• Arterial hypotension.

Myocardial disease:

• Myocarditis;
• Myocardial lesions in systemic diseases;
• Heart tumors;
• Cardiomyopathy

Pericardial Disease:

• Pericarditis;
• Tumors and malformations of the pericardium.

Endocardial Disease:

• Infectious endocarditis;
• Endocarditis of another etiology (including rheumatic).
• Acquired heart defects;
• Congenital heart defects.
• Violations of rhythm and conduction.
• Circulatory failure. Source: "doctor-cardiologist.ru"

Heart Diseases - Causes




Typically, the development of heart disease occurs under the influence of several factors. So, the most common causes of this kind of pathology are:

• congenital disorders of the structure of the heart and blood vessels;
• systemic diseases of the connective tissue (rheumatic fever, autoimmune lesions);
• a variety of chronic infections, especially those occurring against a background of weakened immunity, bacteria entering the myocardial tissue with ordinary tonsillitis can cause microbial damage to the muscle membranes of the heart, especially in this regard, streptococcus and staphylococcus;
• nutritional features, in other words, excessive consumption of fatty, fried, salty foods contribute to the development of atherosclerosis;
• endocrine regulation disorders;
• overweight;
• lack of physical activity, according to experts in cardiology, daily performance of even the simplest set of exercises and long walks in the fresh air is an excellent prevention of heart disease;
• chronic overfatigue, sleep and wakefulness disorders, frequent stresses;
• anemia, disorders of the hematopoietic system;
• primary and secondary tumors;
• complications after injuries, surgical or invasive diagnostic procedures;
• hereditary predisposition is not a direct cause of heart disease, but serves as a serious aggravating factor.

Depending on the etiological factor, the main groups of lesions of the cardiovascular system can be distinguished. One of the most common are pathologies that develop against the background of atherosclerosis.

The combination of an improper diet and impaired lipid metabolism leads to the formation of so-called sclerotic plaques on the inner surface of the vascular wall. Their main components are cholesterol and other low-density lipoproteins, proteins.

It is clear that the narrowing of the inner diameter of the vessel cannot but affect the level of hemodynamics. When coronary vessels that directly feed the heart are affected, myocardial hypoxia develops.

It is this condition that causes a very common coronary disease. Fragments that can clog the coronary vessel often come off from plaques; as a result of acute oxygen starvation and cell necrosis, myocardial infarction develops.

Often there are functional heart diseases, caused directly by violations of the organ. This group includes various arrhythmias and heart failure.

But the long course of these pathologies leads to systemic disorders. People with a similar diagnosis are not that they are not enlisted in the army, their physical activity is sometimes limited only by specially selected exercise therapy. Source: "med88.ru"

Symptoms and consequences

The human heart and its vessels more than other body systems suffer from a modern lifestyle. Over many centuries of the development of civilization, the human cardiovascular system has not changed, but life realities have changed radically.

If earlier for people walking crossings of 5 or more kilometers per day were the norm, now far not many can boast of it. Cars, public transport - people have neither the need nor time for walks.

Hypodynamia is one of the most common causes that cause heart and vascular disease, contrary to popular belief that the heart suffers from physical overload. Untrained cardiovascular system - this is actually a disaster.

On the other hand, modern humans have increased nerve stress. But the nervous system regulates the work of the heart. Constant stresses multiplied by a sedentary lifestyle result in heart disease.

Symptoms of these diseases are very eloquent, and they should be known so that at the first suspicion consult a doctor as soon as possible. If you feel weakness, inexplicable pain in your left hand, pain and heaviness behind the sternum, shortness of breath, rapid and weak heartbeat at rest - all this indicates a disease of the heart and blood vessels and requires an immediate visit to a cardiologist.

Diseases of the cardiovascular system can be divided into three categories. Myocarditis, rheumatism and other ailments, from which the human heart mainly suffers, can be attributed to the first.

The second category includes diseases that affect blood vessels. As an example, we give atherosclerosis, characterized by impaired vascular patency. The third category is made up of diseases from which the cardiovascular system as a whole suffers.

A prime example is hypertension. Why do we say that the classification of ailments is conditional? Because many diseases affect both the human heart and its blood vessels. For example, coronary artery atherosclerosis is called coronary artery disease and affects the human heart.

It should also be understood that not all heart diseases, the symptoms of which we have indicated, are precisely diseases. So, for example, there is the term "heart failure", which is not the name of the disease. This is a complex of various symptoms that come from the cardiovascular system, but are not necessarily caused by violations in it.

We should also mention the diseases that develop in a child in the womb. These are congenital malformations of the heart and blood vessels. The reasons for this can be very diverse - from poor heredity to problems during the course of pregnancy.

Most often, valves and ventricles are affected, later violations can spread to other elements of the cardiovascular system. If you suspect that you have any kind of heart or vascular disease, this is a reason for immediately contacting a specialist.

It is important to remember that the earlier the stage of detection of a disease is, the more successful the treatment will be.

Diseases of the cardiovascular system occupy one of the first places in mortality. They also sharply worsen a person’s quality of life, making him limited in capabilities and dependent on medications. All of this is better to prevent, and therefore competent prevention is important. Source: "transferfaktory.ru"

Heart diseases have a lot of harbingers and the most unexpected symptoms, many of which we simply ignore or confuse with signs of other diseases. Insomnia, sweating, coughing, swelling, anxiety, a feeling that something is wrong - if you have already discovered at least one of these or the other symptoms listed below - you should not panic.

Listen to your body, observe the symptom and do not delay going to a doctor's consultation. After all, vascular diseases can always be prevented and treated if measures are taken on time. In addition, the cost of preventing CVD will be much nicer than the full course of treatment for any advanced heart disease.

1. "Flu state" (more than a week).

Weakness, fatigue, pallor, cough (especially when lying down) and sticky sweat, as a rule, prompt the patient to think about the flu. In most cases, these are really tricks of the virus, however, an impending heart attack manifests itself in the same way.

Moreover, a fever typical of influenza can be a sign of inflammatory processes (myocarditis, pericarditis) and myocardial infarction.
  How to distinguish? The average duration of a serious condition with a flu disease is 2-4 days.

If your “flu-like” state of health does not go away for more than 6 days, cough medications do not help, and there is no aches in the joints typical of the flu - this may indicate heart problems.

2. Gum inflammation and bleeding.

Gum pain, swelling, or bleeding can be signs of not only periodontitis, but also implicit symptoms of heart failure. The mechanism of this process has not yet been sufficiently studied, but experts are considering at least a few scenarios.

According to one of them, malfunctions of the heart impair blood circulation, which causes small blood vessels to suffer, tissues lack oxygen, and the gums immediately respond with inflammation. Alternatively, the bacteria that cause gum disease contribute to the accumulation of plaques inside the coronary arteries.

If you notice that in the evening the shoes fit the calves and rise more tightly, it is more difficult to remove the rings and there are traces of gum on the ankles - these are problems with fluid retention in the body. Edema can be a sign of the initial stage of heart failure, coronary heart disease and other types of cardiovascular disease.

They appear when the heart does not pump blood enough, and does not take all the waste from the tissues. Since the feet, ankles, fingers and toes are farthest from the heart, they swell first.

4. Pain in the neck, arm, lower jaw and teeth.

If you feel pain in the teeth, lower jaw, neck, arm or zone between the shoulders during any kind of physical activity and even while walking (the symptoms resemble osteochondrosis), and when you are at rest the pain goes away, this is an alarming signal.

Do not hesitate and consult a cardiologist. It is possible that these are early signs of angina pectoris.

5. Heartburn, indigestion, and nausea.

Often, pain with angina pectoris is manifested by discomfort in the abdomen or slightly higher: you feel heaviness, pressure or burning, which can be mistaken for heartburn. Signs of vascular disease and an upcoming heart attack can also include bowel cramps, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and stool disorders.

Therefore, listen to your feelings and notice, after which they appear: eating any foods or physical activity and emotional stress.

Perhaps the most common symptom of heart or pulmonary failure, but for some reason, many do not take it seriously. But a feeling of lack of air is experienced by more than half of patients with a sick heart a few months before a heart attack.

Shortness of breath can be manifested not only by a lack of air, but also by a feeling of tightness in the chest, lungs, difficulty in deep breaths, both after exercise and at rest (mainly in the supine position). Why is this happening?

When your heart does not pump enough blood, less oxygen circulates in it and the body experiences oxygen starvation (hypoxia). Of course, he is trying to compensate for this condition by pumping more oxygen into the blood - as a result of which the frequency and depth of breaths increase.

Snoring alone does not mean heart failure. But if it suddenly appeared in you, the risk of heart disease in the next 5 years increases by 3 times. Therefore, it will not be out of place to seem to the doctor.

Any breathing problems during sleep, including sleep apnea, reduce the oxygen capacity of the blood that nourishes the heart. During temporary obstruction (blocking) of the respiratory tract, the heart is forced to overcome greater resistance in order to "pump" blood into the lungs, while the need for oxygen increases, and it just is not enough.

8. Migraine in women.

Women who experience severe headache at least once a month, accompanied by visual “effects” in the form of zigzags in front of their eyes, are twice as likely to be victims of heart disease.

9. Deterioration of potency.

Oddly enough, but problems with an erection are one of the first symptoms of cardiovascular disease. Of course, this ailment may have a number of reasons, but statistics show that two-thirds of all men who have been diagnosed with heart disease, long before the detection of these problems, reported malfunctions in the genital area.

10. A sharp concern.

Anxiety, anxiety and premonition of something bad can occur shortly before a heart attack. Do not ignore such symptoms.

11. Fatigue.

Constant fatigue with a measured lifestyle and routine work that does not go away after rest and sleep can be a sign of coronary insufficiency. The blood vessels of the heart can not cope in order to provide it with oxygen.

12. Insomnia.

A few weeks before a heart attack, the patient may experience an unexplained inability to fall asleep, while on the background of severe fatigue, which was mentioned above.

13. Strong, inconsistent heartbeat.

One of the early symptoms of a cardiovascular problem is an irregular, irregular heartbeat. For example, when you feel that your heart is beating too loud, too fast, or misses a beat.

The most common cause of irregular heartbeats is ischemia. Oxygen starvation affects the electrical system of the heart and slows down the rhythm. Another reason is the stretching of the heart muscle in heart failure: a weakened heart is forced to beat faster and stronger.

In conclusion, I emphasize that the presence of the above symptoms does not indicate for sure that you have heart problems. But you can be at risk. Therefore, if you are seriously worried about even one of them, it is better to play it safe and consult a cardiologist. Source: "heartschool.com.ua"




As everyone knows, the optimal level of blood pressure is 120 and 80 mm Hg. As a matter of fact, these figures are not so strict, and a slight shift in the indicator on both sides does not indicate a serious violation.

But if the level of pressure is increased significantly, then a person is diagnosed with arterial hypertension. Hypertension may be:

• primary;
• secondary.

Primary is an independent disease that occurs against a background of impaired brain regulation of vascular tone. There are many hypotheses of primary hypertension. That is why it is called essential, because it is not clear exactly what its causes are.

Here, a decrease in the elasticity of the arterial wall, vascular spasm, activation of the renin-angiotensin system, and many other factors play a role. In such cases, hypertension often goes hand in hand with atherosclerosis.

This disease tightens the walls of blood vessels, narrows their lumen, which contributes to increased pressure. Hypertension is often accompanied by coronary heart disease (coronary heart disease disrupts the heart and the cardiovascular system as a whole, which is also often reflected in pressure).

Secondary hypertension is always caused by diseases of other organs. The kidneys, thyroid gland, adrenal glands and others participate in the regulation of blood pressure. Secondary hypertension can develop with their diseases, moreover, it gives the highest pressure figures and flows with frequent hypertensive crises.

In some cases, it is difficult to understand whether a person has primary hypertension or secondary. This happens with diseases accompanied by the formation of "vicious circles" and damage to many organs at once.

For example, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (a disease of respiratory arrest in a dream) is the cause of secondary arterial hypertension. But at the same time, in patients with apnea, oxygen starvation of organs, including the brain, is observed, and atherosclerosis and heart disease develop more quickly in these patients.

All this gives the patient’s increased pressure the features of not only secondary, but also primary hypertension. Hypertension is treated differently. If she has a correctable reason, the main efforts are directed to its elimination.

So, for a patient whose hypertension is caused by a tumor of the adrenal gland, a tumor is removed, a patient with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome is recommended an effective and safe CPAP therapy. Often this allows you to return blood pressure to normal numbers without having to constantly take special medications!

In cases where the cause cannot be eliminated, the patient is advised to follow a diet, normalize weight when it is overweight, lead a physically active life and constantly take drugs (for hypertension, diuretics, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, sartans, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, etc. .). Source: "cardiorehabilitation.rf"




A common disease, expressed in the proliferation in the wall of large and medium arteries of connective tissue (sclerosis) in combination with fatty soaking of their inner shell (athero-). Due to the thickening, the walls of the vessels become denser, their lumen narrows and blood clots often form.

Depending on which zone the affected arteries are located, the blood supply to a particular organ or part of the body suffers with its possible necrosis (heart attack, gangrene).

Atherosclerosis is most common in men aged 50-60 years and in women older than 60 years, but recently the streets are much younger (30-40 years). There is a family tendency to atherosclerosis. It is also predisposed to it: arterial hypertension, obesity, smoking, diabetes mellitus, increased blood lipids (impaired metabolism of fat and fatty acids).

The development of sclerotically altered blood vessels contributes to a sedentary lifestyle, excessive emotional overstrain, and sometimes - personality traits of a person (psychological type of “leader”).

Symptoms and course.

The picture of the disease completely depends on the place and prevalence of atherosclerotic lesions, but always manifests itself as the consequences of insufficient blood supply to the tissue or organ.

Atherosclerosis of the aorta is affected by gradually increasing arterial hypertension, noise heard over the ascending and abdominal aorta. Aortic atherosclerosis can be complicated by stratified aortic aneurysm with the possible death of the patient. With sclerosis of the branches of the aortic arch, there are signs of insufficient blood supply to the brain (strokes, dizziness, fainting) or upper limbs.

Atherosclerosis of the mesenteric arteries, that is, supplying the intestine, manifests itself in two main conditions: first, thrombosis of the arterial branches with infarction (necrosis) of the intestinal wall and mesentery; secondly, abdominal toad - an attack of colic-like abdominal pain that occurs shortly after eating, often with vomiting and bloating. The pain is relieved by nitroglycerin, starvation stops attacks of abdominal toad.

Atherosclerosis of the renal arteries disrupts the blood supply to the kidneys, leading to persistent, poorly treatable arterial hypertension. The outcome of this process is nephrosclerosis and chronic renal failure.

Atherosclerosis of the arteries of the lower extremities. Atherosclerosis of the coronary (coronary) arteries of the heart. Recognition is based on the clinical picture, studies of the spectrum of blood lipids. When radiography is sometimes marked deposition of calcium salts in the walls of the aorta, other arteries.

Treatment is primarily aimed at factors contributing to the development of atherosclerosis: arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, weight loss in obesity. Necessary - physical activity, smoking cessation, rational nutrition (the predominance of vegetable fats, consumption of marine and ocean fish, vitamin-rich low-calorie foods).

Care should be taken to monitor regular bowel movements. With a significant and disproportionate increase in the level of blood lipids - the use of special drugs that reduce it (depending on the type of impaired metabolism of fat and fatty acids).

With narrowing (stenosis) of the main arteries, surgical treatment is possible (removal of the inner lining of the arteries - eidarterectomy, the imposition of blood circulation bypasses - shunts, the use of artificial vascular prostheses). Source: "immunologia.ru"




Congenital disease or heart defects are pathologies of the heart that are already present at birth. They are formed during fetal development and can be caused by viral infections, drugs, chemicals, alcohol, or other unknown causes.

These pathologies affect various parts of the heart, including the septum, valves, blood vessels, aorta, heart chambers, etc. Any defect in the heart interferes with normal blood circulation, which leads to the appearance of symptoms such as:

• fatigue;
• dyspnea;
• cyanosis of the skin;
• cardiopalmus;
• unhealthy eating habits;
• swelling of the abdominal cavity or around the eyes.

Treatment depends on the severity of the defect, but usually involves surgery. Source: "en.healthline.com"




Currently, heart diseases such as acquired valvular defects are very common. They usually have an infectious or autoimmune origin, but their causes may be different.

The danger of such defects lies in the fact that damaged valves either hardly pass blood through themselves (with narrowing, or stenosis of the valve opening), or cease to adequately perform their functions (valve insufficiency).

In case of insufficiency, their valves are destroyed, they cease to delimit the heart chambers from each other and prevent the return of blood. Blood stasis is formed in the large and / or small circle of blood circulation, the heart is overloaded, its chambers are hypertrophied and stretched, gradually a person may have heart failure.

With stenosis, the valve openings narrow, the heart cannot fully pump blood through itself, it requires increased efforts, and all this ultimately also leads to overload and stagnation.

Depending on the severity, cause of the defect and the condition of the patient, he may be offered medical or surgical treatment: valvuloplasty, commissurotomy, valve replacement surgery, etc.

Much more complex is the problem of congenital heart defects resulting from genetic problems. In this case, damage to different valves can be combined, sometimes the atrial and interventricular septa, as well as large vessels, undergo changes. Congenital heart defects are usually treated promptly in the first months and years of a child's life. Source: "cardiorehabilitation.rf"

Angina pectoris

Most cases of angina pectoris are caused by the presence of atherosclerosis of the arteries of the heart. During angina pectoris, the pain has certain pronounced signs:

• The nature of the attacks, with the presence of a clearly defined time for the cessation of the attack of pain, occurrence and remission.
• Appearance during special circumstances or conditions.
• It subsides or completely stops when taking nitroglycerin.

An attack of angina pectoris is most often manifested when walking (pain is felt during acceleration of movement, during an ascent uphill, in the presence of a sharp headwind, while walking after eating or with a heavy burden), but angina attacks can occur with other physical effort or emotional stress.

With the continuation of the attack, the intensity of the pain intensifies, in the absence of effort the pain begins to subside and within a few minutes completely disappears. The presence of the above pain characteristics is enough to establish clinical diagnoses of angina attacks, and to limit it from other pain sensations in the region of the heart and chest that are not related to angina pectoris.

As a rule, angina pectoris can be recognized at the initial treatment of the patient, while rejecting a diagnosis such as angina pectoris requires monitoring the disease and analyzing the data obtained from the examination of the patient. The clinical characteristic given by angina can be supplemented with the following features:

• The pain is localized behind the sternum (the most typical types), can be given to the neck, lower jaw, teeth, left arm, shoulder blade and shoulder girdle (usually on the left side).
• The pain has a compressive, oppressive character, less like a heartburn-like appearance, there may be a sensation in the chest of a foreign body.
• With angina attacks, there may be an increase in blood pressure, pallor of the integument, fluctuations in the pulse rate, perspiration, a feeling of interruptions in the region of the heart are observed.

These symptoms are characteristic of angina pectoris - a type of angina pectoris that manifests itself during exertion. Angina pectoris, characteristic during rest, is not associated with physical effort, manifests itself most often at night.

The remaining signs are similar to those of a severe attack characteristic of angina pectoris and can often be accompanied by a feeling of lack of air, suffocation. Source: "sanatera.ru"




Modern medicine has great potential for quick and accurate diagnosis. Instrumental methods for examining a patient include electrocardiographic, electrophysiological and radiological studies, echocardiography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET), cardiac catheterization.

Most diagnostic studies in cardiology are associated with a very small risk, but it increases with the complexity of the procedure and the severity of the disease. With cardiac catheterization and angiography, the probability of serious complications (stroke, heart attack) or death is 1: 1000.

Exercise tests are associated with a risk of heart attack or death of 1: 5000. In radionuclide studies, in fact, the microdose of radiation that the patient receives is the only risk factor. It is much smaller than with conventional radiography. Diagnose by the following methods:

1. Electrocardiography.

Electrocardiography is a quick, simple and painless study in which the electrical impulses of the heart are amplified and recorded on a moving tape of paper.

An electrocardiogram (ECG) allows the doctor to assess the condition of the heart rhythm driver (a special structure that causes heart contractions), the conduction paths of the heart, the heart rate and rhythm, and other data.

To record an ECG, the doctor or nurse places small metal contacts (electrodes) on the patient's arms, legs, and chest. These electrodes capture the strength and direction of electric currents in the heart with each contraction.

The electrodes are connected by wires to an apparatus that records pulses. Each curve reflects the electrical activity of the heart, taken as if from different pairs of points. These pairs of points are called leads.

An ECG is done for any suspected heart disease. This study allows the doctor to identify a number of different heart diseases, including arrhythmias, insufficient blood supply to the heart, excessive thickening of the heart muscle (hypertrophy), which can be caused, in particular, by high blood pressure.

The ECG detects thinning or replacement of part of the heart muscle with connective tissue after a heart attack.

2. Radiography.

Anyone who is suspected of having heart disease is given an x-ray of the chest in front and side. From the picture you can evaluate the shape and size of the heart, as well as the structure of blood vessels in the lungs and chest cavity.

Changes in the shape or size of the heart, as well as other pathological signs, for example, an excess of calcium in the heart structures, are easily noticeable. Chest x-ray also helps to assess the condition of the lungs, especially blood vessels, and to detect the presence of excess fluid in or around the lung tissue.

With heart failure or a change in heart valves, an increase in heart size is often detected. However, the size of the heart in people suffering from serious heart disease can also be normal.

With constrictive pericarditis, which leads to the formation of a "shell" around the heart, it does not increase even with the development of heart failure.

3. Computed tomography.

Computed tomography (CT) is not often used in the diagnosis of heart disease, but it can help detect anatomical changes in the heart, pericardium, major vessels, lungs, and other structures in the chest cavity.

This study is based on the fact that using the computer do x-ray "sections" of the chest in different planes. They allow you to determine the exact location of any anatomical abnormalities.

The new technique - ultrafast computed tomography, also called film computed tomography - makes it possible to observe a three-dimensional image of a working heart and evaluate both anatomical changes and impaired contractile function of the heart.

4. Fluoroscopy.

X-ray - a study in which a continuous x-ray is taken - allows you to see the heartbeat and respiratory movements of the lungs on the screen.

During this study, the patient receives a relatively high dose of radiation, so now it is largely replaced by echocardiography and other diagnostic methods.

Radioscopy is still used as part of the examination for cardiac catheterization and electrophysiological studies. It helps to clarify the diagnosis in some difficult cases, in particular with heart valve disease and congenital heart defects.

5. Echocardiography.

Echocardiography is one of the most widely used methods for diagnosing heart disease. Its advantage is that it is not associated with the need for x-ray irradiation and provides an excellent image.

The study is harmless, painless, relatively inexpensive and widely available. This method is based on the use of high-frequency ultrasonic waves emitted by a special sensor, which are reflected from the heart and blood vessels and create a moving image.

It appears on the screen of the video system and is recorded on a video cassette or magnetic disk. By changing the position and angle of the sensor, the doctor sees the heart and the main blood vessels in different planes, which gives an accurate idea of \u200b\u200bthe structure and function of the heart.

To obtain an image of high quality and to analyze the state of small structures of the heart, a special sensor is introduced into the patient's esophagus and with the help of it an image is obtained. This type of study is known as transesophageal echocardiography.

6. Magnetic resonance imaging.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an examination method in which a powerful magnetic field is used to obtain accurate images of the heart and chest organs. This is an extremely expensive and complex method for diagnosing heart disease, which is under development.

The patient is placed inside a large electromagnet, which causes the vibration of atomic nuclei in the body. As a result, they emit characteristic signals that are converted into two- and three-dimensional images of the structures of the heart.

Usually contrast agents are not needed. Sometimes, however, paramagnetic contrast agents are administered intravenously, which help identify areas of weak blood flow in the heart muscle.

7. Positron emission tomography.

In positron emission tomography (PET), a substance labeled with a radioactive agent is injected into a vein. A few minutes later, when the labeled preparation reaches the studied region of the heart, the sensor scans it and registers areas of high activity.

The computer creates a three-dimensional image of the studied area, showing how actively different areas of the heart muscle absorb the labeled drug. Positron emission tomography provides better quality images than other nuclear research methods.

However, this is a very expensive study, therefore it is used for scientific purposes and in cases where simpler and less expensive methods do not allow a definitive diagnosis to be made.

8. Cardiac catheterization.

In cardiac catheterization, a thin catheter is inserted through an artery or vein, usually on the arm or leg, and is advanced into the main vessels and heart chambers. To get a catheter into the right heart, the doctor inserts it into a vein; to get into the left departments - into the artery.

Catheters can be inserted into the heart for both diagnosis and treatment. The procedure is performed in a hospital under local anesthesia. A measuring instrument or other device is often placed at the tip of the catheter.

There are various types of catheters with which you can measure pressure, examine blood vessels from the inside, expand a narrowed heart valve, and restore the lumen of a blocked artery. Catheterization is widely used in the diagnosis of heart disease, since it does not require a large operation.

9. Coronary angiography.

Coronary angiography - the study of coronary arteries using catheters. The doctor inserts a thin catheter into the artery on the arm or groin and advances it toward the heart into the coronary arteries.

To monitor the progress of the catheter, the doctor, introducing this tool, uses fluoroscopy (continuous x-ray). The tip of the catheter is set according to the location of the mouth of the investigated artery.

A contrast agent that can be used in an X-ray examination is injected into the coronary arteries through a catheter - and an image of the arteries appears on the screen of the video system.