About such a problem as global warming, began to speak in the middle of the last century. Until now, this issue is a reason for numerous discussions, the theme of international symposia and the plots of documentaries. Even far from ecological disciplines, a person knows what global warming is. It is expressed in increasing the average climate temperature for the 100 years.
But is it dangerous global warming, how does scientists and the media pretext? When will it begin? What changes will occur with the planet due to climate warming? What is waiting for humanity in the worst case? Is the world community able to solve the problem of global warming?
What does the climate warming?
Documentary temperature fixation is carried out for 150 years. Over the last century, it increased by an average of 0.5 ° C. Consistent climate warming occurred in 1970, when industrial activity increased. Not only the air temperature, but also water increased.
Global warming has led to an intensive decrease in snow cover, melting and retreat of glaciers in Antarctica, Greenland and high mountain peaks. The consequence of this was the rise in the ocean level of about 10 cm. These and other phenomena prove that global warming is a real environmental problem.
What led to warming?
- Forest fires (during them a huge amount of carbon dioxide, moreover, is destroyed big number Trees turning it into oxygen in the process of photosynthesis).
- Eternal Merzlota (from the soil located in the area of \u200b\u200bmany years of milling, methane is highlighted).
- The world ocean (reservoirs are the main source of steam).
- Volcanoes (when he is erupted, then there is an emission of a colossal amount of carbon dioxide).
- Fauna (organisms exhaling carbon dioxide significantly increase its concentration in the atmosphere).
However, by itself greenhouse effect It would not be threats - without it the average temperature of the Earth would be -18 ° C. The meaning lies in the fact that human activity over the past few decades has led to a significant increase in the concentration of greenhouse gases, and, consequently, to increase climate temperature.
There are a number of other hypotheses explaining the emergence of global warming on Earth. Satellite data suggest that the increase in climate temperature is caused by amplification. solar activitynot typical of past years. However, scientists do not have a complete idea of \u200b\u200bthe change in the activity of the luminaries to promulgate specific conclusions. The main facts indicate that the causes of global warming are in anthropogenic activities.
Factors that significantly increase the concentration of greenhouse gases:
- The heavy industry (the main source of carbon dioxide emission is mining and burning oil, gas and other minerals).
- Agriculture (when the soil feels intensively and is processed by insecticides, then nitrogen dioxide, which is greenhouse gas is released from it).
- (The destruction of the "light planets" leads to an increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide).
- Overlooking (to meet the needs of the Earth's population, a huge amount of natural resources is required).
- Dumps (most of the waste is not subjected to secondary recycling, and is burned or buried, which leads to a fundamental change in the biological system).
Despite the fact that the warming of climate has significantly promoted a person, some scientists still prefer to share the causes of global warming on natural and anthropogenic.
What is waiting for the planet in the future?
Global warming will lead not only to further increase the temperature of the earth's surface, but also to other changes. As a result, greenhouse gas emissions will be enhanced. The World Ocean level will rise half meter for 100 years, in addition, the saltness of the water will change. Air will become more wet. The precipitates will begin to fall intensively, their distribution will change, besides, the threshold of the maximum temperature will increase. The melting of glaciers will accelerate.
Global warming will affect the flow of weather: winds and cyclones will increase and pour. Natural disastersFor example, floods and hurricanes will occur regularly, and their scale will increase at times.
Environmentalists allocate several regions of the Earth, on which the effects of global warming are particularly greatly affected:
- Sahara Desert;
- Antarctic;
- Delta of large rivers of Asia;
- Small islands.
In the tropics and subtropics will fall down less rain. As a result of global warming, the arid areas of the Earth and the Desert will increase in the area, and the permafrost will move on to the north.
Because of the warming of climate, habitats will be shifted biological speciesIn turn, it will threaten the safety of living beings, a serious danger of extinction of organisms will arise.
One of the contradictory effects of global warming is. The change in the density of the ocean, caused by the warming of climate, will lead to the fact that the picture of marine currents will be similar to the one that was during the glacial period.
The increase in the number of industrial enterprises, landfills and drains, the development of oil and gas deposits will lead to an irreversible change in the composition of the Earth's air shell.
According to the optimistic scenario, according to which greenhouse gas emissions will remain at the same level, the critical situation will come on the planet after 300 years. Otherwise, irreversible consequences will be observed after 100 years.
Global warming will lead to changes not only in the biosphere, but also in economic activity and in society. The growing areas of the droughts will result in the reduction of the sowing areas, agriculture will fall into decline. Developed countries will face the problem of hunger and lack of drinking water.
Will a person solve the warming problem?
Whatever pessimistic scenarios for the development of global warming, humanity is still able to take action in order for the Earth to do not look like Venus. The most promising today is the two main directions of global warming:
- reinforced reduction of emissions;
- the use of environmental technologies.
However, it is not clear to the end, the introduction of which method will allow with more likelihood to avoid the catastrophic effects of climate warming. Moreover, the effectiveness of the application of both measures was repeatedly raised.
Radically reduce the amount of emissions will be more complicated with the enhancement of economic activities of developing countries. To ensure the rapid growth rates of GDP, colossal energy resources are needed, the source of which oil, gas and coal are in favor. Burning natural fossils - the main cause of emission large quantities carbon dioxide. Due to scale and financial costs, it is not possible to convert old industrial enterprises on modern environmental standards. International agreements, in particular, the Kyoto Protocol of 1997 on the control of greenhouse gases, fail.
The second direction to combat global warming is associated with the use of bio-engineering technologies. Currently, installations for carbon dioxide injection in special mines are created. Scientists work on extraordinary solutions, such as applying aerosols to change the reflectivity of the upper layers of the atmosphere aside. Will it be effective - it is still unknown.
Combining two methods in the future will achieve the best results. Improving the neutralizers and fuel combustion systems in cars will not only reduce greenhouse gas emissions, but also reduce heavy metals. The use of alternative energy sources will help at times to reduce the emission, but at the moment these technologies require large financial investments. An important fact It remains that the production of solar panels and windmills is also accompanied by a colossal emission.
To less large-scale, but no less significant measures to eliminate global warming include:
- an increase in green plantings;
- the use of energy saving devices and devices;
- recycling;
- attracting the public attention to the problem.
If international control and large-scale environmental projects seem distant from everyday lifeThe above methods concern all the inhabitants of the planet. A cycling and vegetarian diet will not harm you (rather it will be useful!), And the involvement and non-uniforms of those who call the land with their home will help prevent the effects of global climate warming. As somewhere people "joint efforts" violated the natural balance, and now, with each interest, it will be possible to avoid catastrophic changes.
Global warming caused by natural and anthropogenic causes is a truly large-scale problem of modernity. A person should not remain indifferent to her and miss the ways to prevent the change in climatic conditions!
Scientists collaborating with an intergovernmental group of experts on climate change (IPCC), according to which not everything is so unique with global warming. Correspondence is complemented by a wonderful conclusion that the organized struggle with "global warming" will eventually lead to a total poverty, because until 2030, humanity will need to spend more than $ 37 trillion (that is, $ 37,000 billion) on green technologies to stop the emission of greenhouse Gas at the current level. This is without a small $ 2000 billion a year.
Hackers raise an important question: What is the price of a "green industrial revolution"? After all, "green technologies" is often much less effective than based on traditional energy sources. And most of them exist only because they are actively reaching from state budgets. Otherwise, they could not compete with traditional energy sources - and is connected with natural restrictions.
For example, at the equator at noon power solar radiation - just over 1 kilowatta on square meter. That is, the car, even the entire covered with photoelers with fantastic efficiency, 50% will have an effective capacity of less than 10 horsepower. But the efficiency of solar panels is much less. Nevertheless, many states allocate grants for projects of solar vehicles and even solar aviation. Although it is still the most harmless spending.
It is truly terrible that we are talking about head to "repair" one, not understanding that this "Loom" is different. Many shares of the defenders of nature do not take into account physical laws at all. For example, the famous "Earth Hour", when we are called in the name of protection ambient Take and turn off all electrical appliances. It looks very beautiful. But only in words. Because modern global power grids are not designed for such tricks. It is impossible on so a short time Reduce electricity generation. It will still be generated. Turbines do not stop in an hour. Accumulate electricity too. As a result, carbon dioxide in the atmosphere will be somehow echoes, but simply without any use.
How many enthusiastic panelies energy saving luminescent lamps. But very soon, simple users began to wonder: and under what conditions do these lamps really energy-saving? And together with positive reviews, very critical, in which serious shortcomings of such light instruments were discussed.
Then it was discovered that and ultra-modern lED lamps Also deficiencies at least debug. This, of course, does not mean that it is necessary to return to the "Ilyich Light Bulb", but planning any undertaking is more carefully pretending the consequences of it.
For example, we always hear about the ecological purity of wind energy. But do not forget that if we take energy from the wind, it means somewhere they are not allowed. For a long time It was believed that this loss of energy is a drop in the sea, in no way affecting the energy balance across the entire planet. Back in 2004, American scientists began research on the theme of the magnitude of this drop. Measurements and models have shown that in the regions where the largest Californian wind farms are located, temperature changes are possible with fluctuations plus-minus 2 degrees Celsius. It seems a bit, but in some cases it is fundamental figures.
This explains, in particular, also by the fact that the speed of the movement of the surface weight of the air slows down. In practice, this will lead to an increase in the plug of minimum and maximum temperatures: slowly moving air has time to heat up faster in the summer and get out in winter. At the same time, it is enough to change the wind mode for only 10% of the territory of the planet so that changes in the wind mode begins everywhere. The saddest thing is that modern science Can not say whether this effect will work in a positive direction (that is, to fight global warming) or vice versa.
When they talk about "green transport", they forget that the electric vehicle itself does not produce energy. He only stores it, and then converts into motion. Energy should still be generated - on atomic, thermal or solar power plant. Our name is in excellent electric gifted without hydrocarbon and nuclear energy. But here are unpleasant numbers.
The world fleet is about 1 billion cars. Suppose that the average power of the car is 74 kilowatta, or 100 horsepower (in fact, more, but the order of magnitude is important for us). So, 73 billion kilowatt. And according to the French laboratory Observ`er, the total capacity of all power plants in 2005 was about 2 billion kilowatts. That is, the installed capacity of all car engines is almost 37 times more than the power of all existing power plants that can transmit their energy to them.
And the power of renewable energy sources is generally barely approaching one tenth of the total generated power. That is, to achieve an excellent electric future, the number of cars should be reduced at least 370 times, even if you abandon all other areas of use of electricity.
Unfortunately, flourishing modern technologies It can change some particular, but the principal picture of the dependence on hydrocarbon raw materials is currently not changed. Moreover, dependence on various rare minerals, of which batteries will be added to hydrocarbon dependence.
We, humanity, in general, we have little space for maneuver, clamped by existing physical and chemical laws. Unfortunately, only carbon tetravalenten, the stream of solar energy is close to constant, as well as the strength of gravity - all this is given to us as the terms of the task. And you need to make aware that there are solutions that are available to us, but there are natural restrictions, which we cannot change. And attempts to jump above the head can be finished with a disaster, most of the man-made.
The burning of fossil fuels for energy generation increases carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, which inevitably leads to climate change. We use gasoline engines and power plants operating on natural Gaze and coal. Of course, the global warming and problems associated with climate change are acute today at all international environmental forums. How to use energy more reasonably and slow down carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere? Here are some simple tips.
Reuse, recycling
Already now you can contribute to environmental protection. Make your choice in favor of reusable products, instead of disposable. For example, replace plastic water bottles per glass. Buy products in small packages, it will save space in your garbage container, and a decrease in waste will benefit the economy.
If in your area there is a disposal program, participate in it. Thus, do not throw away, and it is possible to put paper, glassware, aluminum jars, plastic again into the turnover. Well, the food waste can be recycled at the household plot.
Save heat and adjust air conditioning system
Wall insulation, insulation attic, as well as eliminating gaps in windows and doors will help to solve the issue of heating in the house. Reducing the amount of energy for heating the room will reduce your costs by 25 percent. Keep the air temperature moderate or reduce it at night. It is estimated that if each person reduces the temperature of the thermostat in the house for 2 degrees, this will reduce carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere by more than 900 liters annually.
Replace bulbs
Replace ordinary light bulbs in the house on LED. They are more economical than compact luminescent, and have a longer service life. 
Less often use the car
If people will use less cars, there will be less gasoline exhausts in the atmosphere. Do not forget that alternative movement on foot or bike brings huge bonuses to your physical health.
Make purchases rationally
When the time comes to buy new car, give preference to models with economical fuel consumption, as well as with energy efficient components. 
Use less hot water
Install the water heater at a mark not exceeding 50 degrees. If there is no need for disinfection of linen and towels, use 30 degrees during washing. This will reduce the amount of energy required for production. hot water. Thus, each household will prevent more than 200 liters of carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere. You can also use energy-saving settings in your dishwasher, And dry the dishes in the open air. 
Put a tree
The more green plantings will be around, the better for the atmosphere. In the process of photosynthesis, trees and other plants absorb carbon dioxide, transforming it into oxygen. Know, one of your tree will absorb the whole ton of carbon dioxide for its life.
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CO 2 (carbon dioxide), according to scientists, - main reason All misfortunes on earth: global warming, because of which the number of drought is growing, forest fires, flooding and tsunami, the melting of permafrost and glaciers occurs. The main "manufacturers" from 2 and other greenhouse gases - industry, energy production by burning oil and petroleum products, coal and gas, cutting down tropical and general forests, industrial animal husbandry and ... we are with you.
Working for her computers, sitting behind the wheel of the car and simply including light, we spend electricity (and therefore - the resources of the Earth) and replenish the amount of CO 2 emissions into the atmosphere.
In December 2009, after a few months, the UN Conference will be gathered in Copenhagen, which should adopt a new agreement on reducing greenhouse gas emissions. But it seems that we will not go there - you have to save the planet with your own hands. Himself he called - and remove.
Electricity
Problem:Fast "reproduction" of personal computers, telephones, players, game consoles and other gadgets - a rapidly growing energy consumption segment in the world . If in 1980 in the house there were an average of 3 electrical instruments, then today - 25. Homework today consumes 13% of all world electricity, and after 20 years, fromit is announced forecasts for the International Energy Agency, this figure will triple. In an equivalent ratio, this will require another 560 power plants operating on the corner, or 230 nuclear power plants.
Decision: Electricity savings allows: 1) to reduce the consumption of natural resources, 2) reduce emissions harmful substances In the atmosphere, 3) preserve the purity of water bodies and save the forest. Ensure electricity can each of us. Each of us can contribute to the preservation of the planet.
Refrigerator
Plate
Shine
Problem: Aimedly burning light is the construction of new hydro and nuclear power plants that destroy the ecosystem of the area. In addition, as we recently convinced, such stations not only destroy life around, but also carry people's lives: according to the latest data, as a result of the accident on Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP 74 people were killed, another one is listed missing.
Decision: Transition to alternative, eco-friendly and renewable energy sources: wind, water, sun and biomass earth. What can we do with you? The easiest way is the savings of light and heat.
Replacing 1 incandescent bulbs on 1 energy-saving can:
Water
Heat. Still warmer
Problem: Since the beginning of the industrial revolution, the average temperature on Earth rose by 0.8 ° ;;; C. According to scientists, if the temperature of the Earth will rise by more than 2 ° ;;; C, the irreversible changes will begin, followed by the scenes from the Day of the day after tomorrow.
Decision: Saga called "heating season" will begin the firmware on October 1. Through the windows occurs 40% of heat loss. Additional insulation can increase the temperature indoor at 4-5 ° ;;; C and reduce the load on the heating system.
Problem:CO 2 is the main cause of global warming, entailing climatic catastrophes. How do we influence emissions from 2? For example, using the SUV jeep "SUV" for movement. It throws 1.3 tons of CO 2, driving less than 3,000 km. The same amount of CO 2 produces a family in Bangladesh over the whole year. The same amount of CO 2 in terms of each passenger produces one flight by plane for a distance of 2500 km (Moscow - London, for example). So much from 2 you produce in ordinary life per year. Consuming meat every day, we stimulate industrial animal husbandry. 1 kg of meat is 3 - 4 kg of greenhouse gases in terms of CO 2, 20 liters of water and several trees.
Decision: The demand for meat, fur, animal skin, ergonomic cars depends on each of us. eco-friendly image Life.
Paper
Decision:
Household waste
Problem:Glass decomposes 1000 years, polyethylene and plastic - 200 years, canning bank - 90 years, paper and cardboard - 2 years. For example, a package for juice - the invention of the Swedish firm "Tetrapak", by 75% consisting of paper, by 20% of simple polyethylene and 5% of aluminum foil, is practically not decomposed.
Decision: Bangladesh, Singapore, Taiwan completely abandoned plastic bags. If you move to cellophane-free countries, it is not possible, then below a few tips, how to change the world within our own habitat.
Cellophane
Useful consumer habits
Glass
Batteries
Ecapnette life
In the future, we will live in ecodoms, energy-saving, economical and environmentally friendly, independent of power grids and other heat sources. Sochi already have such a house! And in Shanghai and the UAE build whole new Ecoordodes! Energy in this eco-paradise is exclusively from alternative sources, mainly from wind power plants, and most of the waste will be reused or composed for fertilizers.
What can I do yet?
Tell friends and colleagues: how to live ecoly friendly and economically!To save the planet, it is not necessary to be a superman ... how do they say there? Grow a child, build an extom and Put a tree!
When writing the article, materials from Greenpeace.org were used
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