Each of the numerous indicators in the decoding of a clinical blood test is diagnostically significant. Together, they reflect the characteristics of blood cells and their proportion in the patient's body. The MCV value in a blood test is an erythrocyte index that determines the average volume of cells responsible for oxygen transport in the human body.
The designation MCV is an abbreviation of the English term mean cell volume (literally "mean volume of red blood cells"). The volume of a blood cell determines how much oxygen it can carry to the tissues. Erythrocytes of a smaller or larger volume, as well as a distorted shape, make it difficult to transport the necessary gas and can provoke hypoxia in the internal organs.
The value of MCV in a blood test is important in the diagnosis of pathologies of the hematopoietic system, as well as an indirect indicator of autoimmune disorders, severe damage to the liver, thyroid and pancreas.
The value of the erythrocyte index is indicated in cubic micrometers (µm3) or femtoliters (fl). It is calculated theoretically, without measurements of cell sizes in the sample. This is due to the fact that the calculation error through the indicator of the diameter of red blood cells is much higher than that of the accepted method. To find the MCV, the hematocrit number (total volume of red blood cells), indicated in the decoding of the analysis as HCT, is divided by the number of these cells.
Blood cells with a reduced volume compared to the norm are called microcytic, with an increased volume - macrocytic. A high error in the final result can occur only if erythrocytes are found in the blood with a distortion in both the smaller and the larger sides.
Preparation and conduct of the study
The study of the average volume of erythrocytes can be carried out in the order of a general blood test or separately from it. As a rule, the determination of only MCV is carried out with anemia or monitoring the course of its treatment.
The rules for taking biomaterial for analysis for the average volume of erythrocytes practically do not differ from the standard reminder for other blood tests. Before the procedure, the patient must adhere to the following recommendations:
- Refrain from eating and drinking for at least 4 hours before blood sampling.
- Do not take the test during menstruation.
- Do research in the morning. Before taking blood, you need to calm down and rest from any physical activity for at least 20 minutes.
- Tell the laboratory assistant or the attending physician in advance about the medications you are taking (some of them can affect the MCV).
At the same time, a number of points require stricter compliance, in particular, the absence of food and drink for 4-8 hours before the study. The intake of liquids or caffeinated beverages significantly affects the hematocrit, from which the MCV is calculated.
In critical conditions (coma, cardiac shock), the average volume of erythrocytes is not determined.
Deciphering the results
Analyzing the results, the doctor focuses on the average indicators of a healthy person of the same age group as the patient. In babies, the MCV value can reach up to 140 fl, while the norm for an adult is almost 1.5 times less.
In adolescent boys, the average volume of erythrocytes is 1–2 units higher. However, after puberty, the situation is diametrically opposed: a difference of 2–3 µm3 is in favor of female patients.
MCV value (age norms)
| Patient's age | Normal mean erythrocyte volume (µm3) |
|---|---|
| Newborns (up to 2 weeks) | 88–140 |
| 2–4 weeks | 91–112 |
| 1–4 months | 76–106 |
| 4–12 months | 68–85 |
| 2–5 years | 71–85 |
| 5–10 years | 70–87 |
| 10–18 years old | 80–95 |
| 18–65 years old | 80–101 |
| Over 65 | 81–102 |
In children under 10 years of age, the MCV can sometimes change for no reason and unpredictably. Deviations at this age do not have a decisive diagnostic value.
What do high values mean?
If the value of MCV in the decoding of the blood test is increased, this indicates the development of macrocytic anemia. This condition can be caused by the following reasons:
- dysfunction of the thyroid gland;
- pathologies of the liver or pancreas;
- bone marrow neoplasia;
- food or drug poisoning;
- autoimmune diseases;
- alcoholism;
- bowel diseases;
- long-term use of combined oral contraceptives;
- smoking;
- poor ecology of the region of residence, work in hazardous industries.
At risk are also people with a hereditary predisposition to macrocytic anemia, men over 55 with bad habits, as well as patients with insufficient physical activity and an unbalanced diet.
Indirect external symptoms of macrocytic anemia are pallor of the lips, discomfort and pain in the abdomen, palpitations, and a yellow tint of the skin.
In the absence of adequate therapy, this condition can lead to a decrease in hemoglobin levels and a sharp deterioration in well-being.
What do low values mean?
The result is less than the norm is also not a safe indicator. It may indicate conditions such as:
- Iron-deficiency anemia;
- thalassemia;
- peripheral disorder;
- malignant neoplasia in various organs and systems of the body;
- lead poisoning;
- dehydration (including while taking diuretics);
- pregnancy (due to increased iron intake).
The hereditary factor also affects the final value.
Signs of microcytic anemia are irritability, anxiety, low stress resistance, chronic fatigue, a sharp deterioration in memory, and an inability to concentrate.
The lack of treatment of the causes of this condition quickly leads to hypoxia of the internal organs and a decrease in the quality of life of the patient.
MCV is an important indicator for determining various diseases. Non-compliance with the norm may indicate pathologies, the treatment of which must be started as soon as possible. Therefore, one should not delay taking a corrective medication course or further diagnosis of the causes of micro- or macrocytic anemia.
A blood test is a study that allows you to find answers to many questions about a person’s state of health. Each indicator that is part of a qualitative study is important and significant for the diagnosis of any disease, but it is difficult for the average patient to understand some of them.
For example, the mcv count in a blood test can be misleading by its English abbreviation, but actually shows the average volume of red blood cells in plasma. Literally, this means Mean Cell Volume and is considered a generally accepted calculated value for determining the size of red blood cells.
Red blood cells perform an important function in human blood, as they carry oxygen within the body. If their normal number or volumes are violated, functioning problems may arise that need to be sorted out.
Often, a general analysis is done to obtain a value for the volume and number of red blood cells, although in some cases the doctor may prescribe an additional study to obtain this value. In this case, the patient's blood is taken from a vein on an empty stomach, and the decoding is carried out by a qualified laboratory specialist or directly by the attending physician.
Mean mcv values in the blood
mcv is measured using one of two calculation options: often this amount is determined in femtoliters (fl), but sometimes another value is used - cubic micrometers. The size of red blood cells has a maximum value in young children, and begins to decrease with age. In newborns, the normal average is 140 fl.
In just a year of a small person's life, the level of mcv in the blood drops by almost half, and its norm is 70-80 fl. As the child grows older, the indicator may fluctuate within the value of 75-85 fl.
According to world medical standards, the volume of red blood cells in an adult can vary from 80 to 100 fl. And most often, in women it is slightly higher than in men. If the level is low, the doctor will characterize the red blood cells as microcytic, and if the value is elevated, macrocytic.
A feature of the analysis of this indicator is that erythrocytes of different sizes, small and large, can be present in human plasma. This condition is not classified as a pathology, it is important that the average volume of red blood cells remains within the normal range.
Causes of violation of the mcv norm in the blood
There can be a great many prerequisites for a decrease or increase in the volume of erythrocytes. If the interpretation of the results showed a violation of the norm in one direction or another, it is necessary to carry out additional diagnostic methods to determine why the analysis showed such a level.
Decreased value of the volume of erythrocytes
Violation for an adult is the mcv indicator in the blood test below the value of 80 fl. The prerequisites for such a decrease in this indicator may be:
- dehydration of the body, which leads to a violation of the water and electrolyte balance;
- anemia due to a lack of hemoglobin in the blood;
- malignant tumors in the body.
If the doctor has diagnosed the presence of anemia in a patient, further research will be aimed at clarifying its variety and characteristics.
Anemia is a disease in which the normal movement of oxygen in the body is disrupted, which can become a serious problem if left untreated. Oxygen starvation of organs leads to disruption of their work, human weakness, sleep disturbance and loss of efficiency.
The mcv in the blood is too high
If the analysis showed an increase in the volume of red blood cells, the value of which exceeded 100 fl, this situation is also a deviation. Doctors call the main reasons for the increase in the volume of red blood cells:
- abuse of alcohol and cigarettes;
- taking oral contraceptives by women;
- disruption of the endocrine system;
- diseases of the liver or intestines;
- drug intoxication.
Deciphering the analysis and next steps
Decoding of the analysis is carried out only by a doctor. Having noticed in the results the value of mcv that goes beyond the norm, the specialist must determine the causes of such a violation. For this, additional diagnostics are carried out, which includes a survey and study of the patient's medical history. It is important to find the factors of human life that provoke a decrease or excess of the red blood cell volume.
If the diagnosis reveals the presence of a disease, efforts should be made to treat it. The drugs that will be used in this case, acting on a specific problem, will help restore the desired volume of red blood cells. There are no medications that can simply affect the mcv value in the blood, and taking them would be inappropriate, since the deviation of this indicator in itself is not a disease. It is important to understand what exactly provokes its change.
If the reason for the violation of the norm of red blood cells is an unhealthy lifestyle or the consequences of treating a serious illness with antibiotics, the patient's efforts should be directed to restoring the body. Healthy sleep, moderate exercise, proper nutrition and taking vitamin complexes will help restore the desired shape and normal value of red blood cells.
Thus, mcv in the blood is a reflection of the normal functioning of many organs and systems. It is possible to identify its deviation from the norm during a general blood test, after which additional studies can be carried out that will make it possible to understand the reasons for the change in the normal volume of red blood cells.
It is important to get the advice of a qualified specialist and not to start the problem, so as not to treat its complications later.
Counting the number of erythrocyte cells, determining their average volume or in a blood test in combination with other studies are used to conduct differential diagnosis of various forms of anemia and other pathological conditions.
What are erythrocytes
According to the characteristics of erythrocytes (red blood cells), which are highly specialized non-nuclear blood cells of a biconcave shape, one can judge the state of human health. Red blood cells contain a respiratory pigment - the iron-containing protein hemoglobin. The main function of red blood cells is the transport of oxygen, which is very important for the functioning of all organs in the body. The red bone marrow is responsible for the formation of these cells. This process is stimulated by erythropoietin, which is produced in a large volume by kidney cells under hypoxic conditions.
Normal synthesis of hemoglobin and the formation of red blood cells are possible only in the presence of cyanocobalamin and folic acid, as well as a sufficient supply of iron ions. In the systemic circulation, erythrocytes exist for about 4 months. Then the destruction of blood cells occurs, the spleen and the reticuloendothelial system serve as a place for their decay.
What does MCV mean?
The MCV indicator is an erythrocyte index that characterizes the value of the average volume of erythrocytes. To establish an accurate diagnosis of the disease, doctors always prescribe a clinical blood test for patients. Deciphering MCV speaks about the state of blood cells in the human body. In healthy people, the ratio of red blood cells to the total blood volume is constant, which means that their size and number should not change. 
You can find out about the development of allergies, inflammatory processes, lack of vitamins and minerals by passing an MCV blood test. Deciphering its results, showing deviations from the norm, indicates possible pathological conditions.
This indicator is determined both in the course of a general clinical blood test, and in the form of a separate study.
How to calculate MCV
To calculate the average erythrocyte volume, it is necessary to divide the sum of cell volumes by the total number of erythrocyte blood cells. Another calculation method is based on dividing the hematocrit or number for 1 mm3 of blood by the number of all red blood cells. By hematocrit is meant the percentage ratio between the volume of blood cells and the total volume of blood. 
On MCV, a blood test, the interpretation of which is associated with an assessment of the size of red blood cells, is considered less accurate compared to the other two methods of calculation. This is due to the fact that when the diameter of an erythrocyte cell changes by 5%, its volume changes by 15%. The reliability of this indicator may be distorted when there are a large number of erythrocytes that have a changed shape. For example, if a complete blood count is performed, the MCV value will be normal if the patient has both macro- and microcytosis.
It should be taken into account that in microspherocytes the diameter is usually underestimated, but the average volume is within the normal range, which is why microscopy of a blood smear is always recommended.
unit of measurement
Femtoliters (fl) or cubic micrometers (µm3) are taken as the unit of measurement of the mean erythrocyte volume (MCV).
What does the analysis show?
With the help of this blood indicator, various types of anemia are diagnosed that require specific treatment.
The results of MCV in a blood test allow you to distinguish between:
- microcytic anemia with a deficiency of iron ions and thalassemia, when the synthesis of the polypeptide chain that is part of the hemoglobin structure is reduced;
- normocytic or normochromic anemia, which develops in chronic diseases, with primary bone marrow failure, due to a decrease in the production of erythropoietin;
- macrocytic anemia with a lack of cyanocobalamin and folic acid, when the size of red blood cells increases.
Each condition requires its own treatment methods. To establish a diagnosis, a clinical blood test is very important, deciphering the MCV (mean erythrocyte volume) allows you to judge the state of red blood cells.
If this indicator has normal values, then the erythrocytes are called normocytic. When the MCV index is too low, blood cells are called microcytic, and when they are too high, they are considered macrocytic.
To determine the violations of water and electrolyte balance in the body will allow the MCV blood test, the decoding of the indicators of which indicates a change in the salt balance. If the average volume of red blood cells is less than normal, we can talk about a lack of fluid in the human body. For example, with dehydration of a hypertensive nature, MCV in a blood test is lowered. If this indicator is higher than normal, then we can talk about hypotonic dehydration.
The results of the MCV analysis can be influenced by various factors. A decrease in the mean erythrocyte volume can cause the process of mechanical hemolysis or poisoning with lead compounds. A low MCV blood test, the decoding of which indicates the patient's alcoholism and the use of methanol as a toxic substance, is also not uncommon.
MCV norm
The mean red blood cell volume depends on the age of the patient who takes the MCV blood test. The norm for each age group will be individual, and it is expressed in femtoliters. The standards set the range of the value of this indicator, which is in the range from 80 to 100 femtoliters for adult patients.
In many cases, the MCV blood test, decoding is very important. The highest rate is observed in newborns. It should not exceed 140 femtoliters. As the child grows, the normal values of this indicator decrease. So, for a one-year-old baby, the norm will be in the range from 71 to 84 femtoliters. From 1 year to five years of age, the value of the average volume of erythrocytes ranges from 73 to 85 femtoliters. Starting from 5 to 10 years old, the result of an MCV analysis from 75 to 87 femtoliters is considered normal, and only by adulthood this indicator reaches the norm of an adult.
Underestimated MCV
If the MCV values in the blood test are lowered, this indicates the development of microcytic anemia. It develops with a lack of iron ions in the blood plasma, the presence of chronic diseases and hereditary diseases, the development of malignant tumors, poisoning with lead compounds, taking certain medications, alcohol abuse, thalassemia, when the synthesis of the polypeptide chain that is part of the hemoglobin structure decreases.
High MCV values
Elevated values of the average volume of erythrocyte cells indicate the development of macrocytic anemia and other pathological conditions that are characterized by:
The MCV of a blood test may be slightly higher than normal when women are taking hormonal contraceptives. Cigarette smoking can also cause an increase in the average volume of red blood cells.
Concept of MCH
Together with the determination of MCV, the MCH blood test allows for differential diagnosis to determine the form of anemia. This indicator means how much, on average, one erythrocyte contains the iron-containing hemoglobin protein. It is measured in absolute unit.
The average value of hemoglobin content in one erythrocyte is calculated by dividing the hemoglobin concentration by the number of erythrocyte cells. Compared to the color index, the MCH analysis allows a more accurate determination of the level of iron-containing protein in red blood cells.
Given the value of this index, hyper-, hypo- and normochromic anemia are distinguished. Normochromia can be found in healthy people, but sometimes it accompanies hemolytic and aplastic anemia, as well as conditions associated with acute blood loss.
With hypochromia, there is a decrease in red blood cell volume, called microcytosis, or a decrease in the hemoglobin protein content in red blood cells with a normal volume. Thus, a combination of hypochromia is possible both with reduced size erythrocytes and with normo- and macrocytes.
The manifestation of hyperchromia occurs regardless of the saturation of erythrocyte cells with hemoglobin protein and is due only to the volume of red blood cells. This is due to the fact that with an increase in hemoglobin content above the physiological norm, its crystallization and hemolysis of erythrocytes occur.
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MCV in a blood test: decoding, norms, what is it?
MCV in the blood test plays an important role, especially in terms of diagnosing a wide variety of hematological pathologies.
This specific index is one of the characteristics of erythrocytes, which perform the function of transporting nutrients and oxygen to all cells and internal organs in the blood.
MCV is determined by taking a complete blood count in both men and women, and in children.
The importance of the indicator in the analysis
One of the most important and at the same time simple studies with high information content is a complete blood count.
It allows you to qualitatively assess the overall health of both men and women, and children.
Deciphering the general blood test makes it possible to obtain a large number of important indicators, among which one of the key ones is the so-called MCV index.
In fact, this abbreviation in medical practice means the total volume of red blood cells in its average value.
With it, the doctor has the opportunity to fully assess the state of red blood cells in the blood.
Erythrocytes are the most important component of the blood fluid, it is thanks to them that the blood has its reddish color.
If you examine the erythrocytes under a microscope, you can see their biconcave shape.
The composition of red blood cells includes such an element as hemoglobin, which is responsible in the body for delivering oxygen directly from the lungs to the tissues.
The importance of red blood cells for the body of an adult and a child cannot be overestimated. This essential element takes part in almost all metabolic processes.
If a blood test shows an increased or decreased content of red blood cells, then this may indicate various inflammatory processes occurring in the human body, as well as many other pathological conditions.
MCV in a blood test allows you to assess the general condition of red blood cells with high accuracy.
The norm for women, men, children is a condition in which the composition of red blood cells always remains stable and constant.
In this case, the parameters, number and size of these cells are at the same stable level. 
In the case when any pathological processes occur in the body, all the main values \u200b\u200bbegin to change sharply both upward and downward.
In the analysis, this can be seen by the change in the MCV value. This indicator, with negative changes occurring in the human body, becomes lowered or increased.
In most cases, the value of this index is determined during an ordinary general analysis, but sometimes a doctor may refer to a separate specific study.
Under laboratory conditions, the MCV value is obtained by specifically dividing the resulting cell volumes directly by the total number of all red blood cells that are present in the red fluid.
The main unit of this index is considered to be femtoliter. The MCV indicator is important in medicine and for diagnosing anemia of various types.
A characteristic feature of this index for men, women and children is that thanks to it you can get the most complete and reliable information about the total size of red blood cells in the shortest possible time.
An important role in determining the index is played by the decoding of the analysis carried out by a medical specialist.
This should be done by an experienced and qualified worker. It should also be noted that the reliability of the study is greatly influenced by the unstable state of erythrocytes in human blood.
Definition of results
The MCV norm for adults is a value ranging from 80 to 100 femtoliters. This specific index has an interesting property to change somewhat depending on the biological age of a person.
So, it is of the greatest importance in very young children: in this case, its average is about 140 fl.
Over time, this specific index begins to gradually decrease, and by adulthood its value is already within the established average norm.
The norm of the average volume of erythrocytes in the analysis indicates that the cell is normocytic.
If the index is increased, then the cell is already macrocytic, and if this index is lowered, then the cell, in turn, is microcytic.
It should be borne in mind that the value of the MCV indicator largely depends on a variety of external factors.
The reason that the index is lowered can be mechanical hemolysis and even poisoning of the body with lead.
The reason that the indicator is increased may be excessive alcohol consumption, hyperglycemia, severe methanol poisoning.
Regular use of contraceptives or strong anticancer and antimicrobial drugs can affect the deviation of MCV from the norm.
It should be noted that the norm can be with the simultaneous presence in the blood of both microcytic and macrocytic cells.
Quite often, the norm is observed in such a pathology as microspherocytosis. All this suggests that MCV decoding must necessarily be carried out taking into account all other erythrocyte indices, both in men and women, and in children.
It should be noted that in most cases, the MCV indicator in men, women and children is used to identify various pathologies associated with anemia.
So, if this index is elevated, then we can talk about macrocytic or megaloblastic anemia.
In addition, this value may also indicate the development of anemia, which are simultaneously accompanied by macrocytosis.
If the index, on the contrary, is lowered, then, most likely, normocytic anemia develops in the body.
We can also talk about iron deficiency anemia, which is accompanied by such a pathology as normocytosis.
The MCV indicator can be increased even when various diseases of the liver, bone marrow are observed, and malignant neoplasms are actively developing.
In cases where we are talking about such a serious disease as hyperthyroidism, the MCV index will be lowered.
Deciphering this analysis allows you to assess the general condition of the body and identify various types of diseases.
The main goal of the study
A general blood test is also carried out as a preventive measure. Despite its relative simplicity, this study is highly informative and allows you to determine a whole range of various pathological conditions.
Such an examination allows the doctor to most accurately determine the general state of human health.
MCV in a blood test is of great interest to the physician. This index allows for the differential diagnosis of anemia of various types.
Its norm indicates that the red blood cells in the blood are in a stable state, that is, there are no negative changes in the body.
When the indicator is increased or decreased, pathological changes definitely occur in the body. It is important to establish the root cause of their occurrence.
It should be noted that knowing the average value of the volume of red cells, it is possible with a high probability to determine the disturbances occurring in the body associated with water and electrolyte balance.
The deviation from the norm of this index, both upward and downward, also indicates a general dehydration of the body.
In any case, knowing the value of this index, the doctor can make the most complete picture of the state of human health.
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Indicators of the MCV index in a blood test
Rating: 1 887When referring to a blood test, its particularly important component is the quantity and quality of red blood cells found in the blood of each person. Erythrocytes, in turn, carry out the function of transporting carbon dioxide and oxygen with the help of hemoglobin in the blood and are called red blood cells that do not contain a nucleus. Thus, the abbreviation MCV is one of the indicators of erythrocyte indices. MCV in a blood test allows you to diagnose hematological diseases in time.
What is MCV in a blood test? MCV "Mean Cell Volume" is an erythrocyte index that provides information about the average volume of erythrocytes and their size.
Study
The MCV value is measured in micrometers (µm) and femtoliters (fl). This red blood cell count test measures red blood cells and is an important test that doctors use to determine the diseases that a patient comes to them with. Blood is taken on an empty stomach, from a vein.
normal and altered erythrocytes A procedure such as blood for MCV can be donated from a finger, but this is a rare exception and is done mainly for children who are inconvenient to take blood from a vein. Blood taken in this way can be stored at room temperature for thirty-six hours. Therefore, the result of the blood test may take only two days, so it is recommended to undergo the procedure in advance, a few days before visiting your doctor.
For a more accurate result, it is preferable that the analysis for the number and size of red blood cells is carried out in the same laboratory where blood is taken.
But, if this is not possible, then the storage of blood should be for forty-eight hours in a dark, cool room, the temperature of which should not exceed +8 degrees Celsius.
results
Many patients are interested in what is the MCV rate in a blood test? Doctors warn that it varies depending on the sex and age of the person seeking medical help.
The norm of MCV in a blood test in children is:
- if the age of the child is from four months to four years, then this is 72-115 fl, if the age of the child is from five to seven years, then this is 77-108 fl, for children aged eight to fourteen years it is 76- 96 fl.
The norm of MCV in a blood test for men and women is the indicator:
- from 79 to 99 fl, but this is only for men under the age of 45. The norm of MCV in a blood test in women is from 78 to 100 fl, but in women under the age of 45 years.
If a man or woman is between the ages of 45 and 65, then accordingly, the normal MCV for them will be a result of 81 to 101 fl.
You should also take into account the age of men and women up to 65 years and older, when the result, recognized as the norm, can be from 81 to 103 fl.
Specialists for deciphering a blood test for MCV use the following terms: if the red blood cells are normal, then they are usually called normocytic in medicine. If their level is significantly reduced, then they are called microcytic. A level that is below 80 fl. is considered low. Anything over 100 fl is considered elevated and is called macrocytic RBCs. In principle, such a detailed decoding of the MCV analysis is not necessary for the patient, because the doctor himself will make a diagnosis and inform the patient about it.
Diagnostics of erythrocytes on modern equipment Decryption
If all your indicators are normal, then you should not worry, but it’s better to check with a specialist if everything is in order, because with normocytic erythrocytes, some patients experience symptoms of iron deficiency anemia.
If we talk about a decrease in red blood cells, then pathologies such as microcytic anemia, lead poisoning, or mechanical hemolysis of the blood can be revealed here.
If you, on the contrary, have elevated MCV levels, then there is megaloblastic anemia (a person has a lack of folic acid and vitamin B12), various malignant tumors (with metastases), diseases of the brain and liver. Also, such a pathology also occurs with severe alcoholism, hyperglycemia, methanol poisoning and taking various drugs prescribed by a doctor from antitumor to hormonal.
It happens that an increase or decrease in red blood cells indicates a violation of the water-salt balance in the body. With an increase, they speak of its hypotonic character, and with a decrease in hypertonicity.
It should be remembered that your attending physician will deal with the decoding of the blood test for MCV, so all of the above pathologies are only possible, but will not necessarily be detected in you. A specialist for a more accurate diagnosis can be sent for re-analysis.
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What does the MCV indicator in the blood mean and what is its norm?
Erythrocytes, like other elements of the blood, perform their functions in the body. Red blood cells are responsible for supplying organs with oxygen and carbon dioxide, transporting enzymes, lipids and amino acids, regulate acid-base balance, adsorb toxins and antibodies, and participate in the dissolution of blood clots. Any significant changes in their qualitative and quantitative characteristics signal pathological processes.
The morphological parameters of these elements are evaluated using such calculated values as erythrocyte indices. One of them is MCV. So in a blood test, the average volume of red blood cells is indicated, and it is measured in femtoliters or cubic micrometers, respectively - fl or micron³.
MCV is one of the indicators of the state of red blood cells and is determined during a general analysis. It allows you to get more accurate and objective results regarding the volume of erythrocytes, compared with a visual assessment during a conventional microscopic examination. Calculate it by dividing the hematocrit value (the volume of blood per erythrocytes in 1 mm³) by the total number of erythrocytes. The value of the average volume will not be reliable with a large number of red cells with different sizes and different shapes.
Norm
MCV is not a constant value, it changes with age and depends on gender. The maximum normal value of the average volume of red cells is observed in newborns - 90-140 fl. By one year, MCV changes to 71-84 fl, in the period from 5 to 10 years it is 75-87 fl. At the age of 15-18, the volume of erythrocytes in women reaches 78-98 fl, in men - 79-95 fl. From 18 to 45 years old - 81-100 fl in women, 80-99 fl in men. From 45 to 65 years - 81-101 fl in women and men. At the age of 65 years, the MCV norm is from 81 to 103 fl.
If the erythrocytes in the analysis are normal, they are considered normocytic, with a value below 80 fl, the state is called microcytosis, if the MCV is above 100 - macrocytosis.
With the help of MCV, a differential diagnosis of anemia is made. This indicator is important for the doctor, because it confirms the hematological problem and allows you to find out the type of anemia.
In addition, the development of water and electrolyte imbalance in the body is determined by the average volume of red blood cells. If the red blood cells are low, this may indicate dehydration (hypertonic dehydration). If they exceed the norm, this indicates another type of dehydration - hypotonic.
Deciphering the analysis
Deciphering the result of a blood test is the responsibility of the attending physician. If the MCV is elevated or lowered, this makes it possible to assume the presence of any diseases. In this case, re-analysis and other examinations are prescribed.
Based on the MCV value that erythrocytes have, different types of anemia are distinguished: normocytic, microcytic and macrocytic.
Modern blood analyzers give a more accurate and objective result than a study under a microscope If MCV is within the normal range, we are talking about the development of normocytic anemia, which include the following:
- hemolytic,
- aplastic,
- hemorrhagic,
- anemia in liver disease,
- hepatic,
- anemia in endocrine pathology.
How to understand that blood biochemistry is normal?
If red blood cells have an increased average volume, this indicates macrocytic anemia and other pathologies, including:
- vitamin B12 deficiency;
- folic acid deficiency, megaloblastic and pernicious anemia;
- hypothyroidism;
- bowel disease;
- liver disease;
- decreased function of the pancreas;
- bone marrow diseases;
- drug intoxication;
- alcoholism.
The average volume of red blood cells may increase slightly in smokers and in women taking hormonal contraceptives.
If the MCV is low, then this indicates microcytic anemia, which is caused by the following factors:
- chronic diseases;
- iron deficiency;
- malignant tumors;
- lead poisoning;
- decreased production of hemoglobin (thallasemia);
- taking certain drugs.
Video about the types and symptoms of anemia:
Conclusion
MCV in the analysis allows a more accurate determination of the average volume of red cells, in contrast to studies under a microscope. The diagnostic value of this indicator lies in the ability to differentiate different anemias.
In contact with
It allows you to determine the quantitative and qualitative composition, which in turn indicates the state of human health and the presence of any problems. In addition to leukocytes and platelets, erythrocytes are subjected to a thorough study. These red blood cells perform a transport function, delivering nutrients and oxygen to all cells and organs. One of the indicators of their level is the erythrocyte index, denoted MCV. This index allows you to estimate the number and size of red blood cells, which in turn is associated with the general condition of the body. What else does MCV say in a blood test, what is it and what norm indicators are established, we will find out further.
Erythrocyte index MCV shows the total volume of red blood cells contained in the blood. In a healthy person, this coefficient is a constant value, the change of which entails pathological changes in the body.
Allocate two main indicators that determine the need for analysis:
- Determination of violations of the water-salt balance (in case of intestinal infections, acute respiratory infections and acute respiratory viral infections).
- Diagnosis of anemia (iron deficiency).
Also indications for research may be manifestations such as:
- hormonal disruptions;
- metabolic disease;
- obesity;
- diabetes;
- low immunity.
Most often, MCV analysis reveals various forms of anemia:
- normochromic anemia - develops with pathologies of the bone marrow, which are caused by the presence of chronic diseases;
- macrocytic anemia - a pathological increase in red blood cells in size due to a lack of B vitamins and folic acid;
- microcytic anemia - develops as a result of acute iron deficiency, resulting in a decrease in the synthesis of polypeptide chains.
In a healthy person, the normal MCV is from 80 to 100 femtoliters. This indicator is a nomrocyte, which means full compliance with the established norm. Exceeding values of more than 100 femtoliters is a macrocyte, and a decrease of less than 80 is a microcyte.
Units of measurement and calculation
The average volume of an erythrocyte is calculated in femtoliters or cubic micrometers. This erythrocyte index is determined using a mathematical formula that displays the ratio of hematocrit as a percentage to the total number of erythrocytes, after which the resulting value is multiplied by 1012 liters.
How is the analysis carried out?
In medical practice, MCV can be included in a complete blood count, or be performed without taking into account other blood fractions. For analysis, you will need blood from a finger or a vein, taken in accordance with all the rules:
- the patient does not eat or drink 3-5 hours before blood sampling;
- women do not have menstruation;
- the person feels satisfactorily (no coma and cardiological shock).
A smear is prepared from the obtained blood, which is then examined under a microscope, highlighting the necessary indicators. Further, the indicators are entered into the formula, obtaining the desired value.
Deciphering the results
After the analysis has been carried out, the patient is given a sheet that contains numerical indicators. The transcript can be contained both in the analysis sheet itself, and can be done orally by the attending physician.
Norm indicators related to the age of the person
- newborns - 100-140 fl;
- the first year of life - 75-110 fl;
- 2-5 years - 75-95 fl;
- 5-10 years - 70-85 fl;
- 10-18 years old - 80-95 fl.
Usually, the transcript is presented in the form of a table, which indicates the name of the research parameter, its numerical indicator, the norm, and the degree of deviation. This allows us to compare the clinical manifestations of diseases with their course at the micro level. The average volume of erythrocytes is of great clinical importance, since it is interconnected with other blood parameters.
Increased values
If the analysis showed that the average volume of red blood cells is above normal, this indicates the development of such a pathological condition as macrocytic anemia.
She is may accompany the course of the following diseases.
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Views 17.6k.Having heard from a doctor that the average volume of erythrocytes is lowered, the parents of a sick child or an adult patient wonder what it is. A technique for conducting such an analysis has recently appeared.
Normal values
A complete blood count contains the MCV value, or the average volume of red blood cells in the blood. If the MCV is low, then the size of the red blood cells is also below normal.
Doctors judge the norm or decrease in the volume of red blood cells rather conditionally. The size of the red blood cell changes even during the day due to physiological reasons: after work, in a tired person, blood cells increase, and after rest they become smaller. At 8 o'clock in the morning, when most tests are performed, the size and volume of the bodies reaches a minimum.
The volume of red blood cells and their size in an adult is determined in femtoliters (fl) or microns. Normal values change throughout life. In middle age (40-59 years) they fluctuate between 80-100 fl in a woman and 81-94 fl in a man. The indicators in younger patients differ slightly (a little more), therefore, 80 vials are most often taken as the average rate. In men over 65 years of age, the norm may vary between 78-103 fl.
Erythrocytes with a normal volume are called normocytes, while those with low and high volume are called micro- and macrocytes, respectively. The size of the cells is regulated by the body itself, depending on their number in the blood: if there are a lot of red blood cells, then the MCV is lower.
How often do you take a blood test?
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Only by prescription of the attending physician 30%, 949 votes
Once a year and I think it's enough 18%, 554 vote
At least twice a year 15%, 460 votes
More than twice a year but less than six times 11%, 344 vote
I monitor my health and take it once a month 6%, 197 votes
I'm afraid of this procedure and try not to pass 4%, 135 votes
21.10.2019
Norm in a child
In the first month of life in children, the normal size of an erythrocyte is more than 105 fl. By six months, this value decreases to 90, and by 1 year - to 78-80 fl. This is a normal physiological process during which fetal hemoglobin is replaced with a new one that adults have. At 5-12 years old, the average volume indicators again slightly increase (up to 89 units), but by the age of 18 they reach the norm of an adult.
Why MCV is lowered
If the MCV in the blood test is low (does not reach the prescribed 80 fl), most often this indicates that the child or adult develops some form of anemia, i.e., a lack of hemoglobin in red blood cells. Due to the compensatory properties of blood, the number of red blood cells themselves may increase, but all of them will poorly supply oxygen to the tissues and organs of a sick person.
The reasons for the decrease in the average volume of erythrocytes may be in the following conditions and pathologies.
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