How can nouns change? How do nouns change? I

We can say that a noun is one of the main parts of speech in the Russian language. Let us remember that this is an independent part of speech that answers the questions: who? What? It follows that a noun denotes animate and inanimate objects. How does a noun change, according to what characteristics?

Morphological characteristics

A noun has morphological characteristics. The word “morphology” (from the Greek “morphe” - form) means a system of forms of word change in a language. These features, in addition to animation, also include common noun (proper, common noun), declension, gender, number, and case. In Russian, the noun changes according to numbers and cases.

Let us immediately note that according to gender (as many people think) the noun does not change. It simply refers to one of the genders - feminine, masculine or neuter. You can determine your gender using pronouns:

• male - he, mine;
• female - she, mine;
• the middle one is mine.

Number of nouns

As a rule, nouns are used in both singular and plural. It depends on how many words are being spoken. For example: ship - ships, road - roads, river - rivers.

But there are words whose form implies only a singular number. These are collective names, qualities, signs, actions, proper names: detvora, sineva, Volga, etc.

Words used only in the plural are composite objects (trousers), periods of time (everyday), activities (troubles), games (tag), place names (Andes).

Change by case

This change is called declination. The six cases of the Russian language correspond to certain questions:

• Nominative case: who? What? (ocean, oceans).
• Genitive: whom? what? (ocean, oceans).
• Dative: to whom? what? (ocean, oceans)
• Accusative: whom? What? (ocean, oceans)
• Creative: by whom? how? (ocean, oceans)
• Prepositional: about whom? about what? (about the ocean, about the oceans).

When determining the case of a noun, pose a question from the word to which it refers.

So, remember: nouns change according to number and case.

Following the rule “Whatever you name a yacht, so it will sail,” people choose new names for themselves in the hope that this will change their lives for the better. But is this rule true and is it worth resorting to this method?

There are many reasons why people change their names. “The reasons can be divided into internal and external,” says psychologist Elena Shenderova. — Behind the internal ones there are self-doubt, low self-esteem, an imbalance of the “I” image, which cannot be changed only by changing the name. This step will not be a solution to the problem, but an escape from oneself. This also includes hysterical and demonstrative personality traits, under the influence of which a person seeks to attract attention to himself. It also happens that people feel uncomfortable with a given name because it evokes negative feelings and associations (for example, if a relative with whom these emotions are associated has the same name). Also, the need to change a name arises when a person, having gone through a difficult life stage, changes his life and says goodbye to the past. Sometimes parents call their children exotic names, and as they grow up, they strive to get rid of the name associated with childhood insults (name-calling at school), complexes.”

Tell me what your nickname is and I'll tell you...

Social networks make it possible to force others to call you by the name you like - just come up with a tempting nickname, and now everyone calls you not Katya Ivanova, but Katarina Sugar baby. For some, a nickname on the Internet becomes not just a nice word, but a native name, and they decide to document this relationship.

The story is told by Andrey, who changed his real first and last name in his passport to his nickname, which he uses on LiveJournal. He is 35 years old, editor:
— The pseudonym appeared in 2005, even before I opened an account on LiveJournal, and I started thinking about changing my “passport” name about a year ago. I experienced a very strong personal shock, after which a complete reassessment of values ​​occurred. I needed to start living in a new way, and one of the steps towards this was changing my first and last name. Relatives and friends reacted to the act with understanding, and my work and life experience allow me not to think about how others will perceive it. I am now often mistaken for a foreigner - my new name has both Saxon and Scandinavian roots, but it is still artificial. As for colleagues and subordinates (and all those who knew me before the name change), it was enough to simply mention that I now have a different name. After changing my name, I began to live up to myself. In this sense, the start of a new life was successful.

As the psychologist notes, the Internet allows people to create a so-called image of the “ideal self”, either to present themselves as they are inside, or simply to try on a new role that you cannot play in reality.

The name carries a powerful emotional charge. For example, stereotypes have formed in relation to many names in society, which sometimes obscure the true perception of a person. If Angelica is seen as a kind of fairy-tale princess, Zhanna is seen as an extravagant beauty, then Katya or Sveta are often perceived as the girls next door, although practice shows that not all Zhannas are attractive, and Katyas are not simple.

Natalya (formerly Masha), cosmetologist, 28 years old, says:
— Since childhood, I didn’t like my name Masha. They constantly called me names, rhyming my name with you know what word. I decided that as soon as I graduated from school, I would definitely change my name to Natalya before university: it was somehow sublime for me. At first it seemed to me that they began to treat me differently, but since we had two Natashas in the group: the tall one and me, the small one, in order to differentiate us, they began to call me “Natasha - our midget.” After that, I realized that, in principle, you can come up with an offensive nickname for any name. You will change your name, but another problem will appear - so you need to work on yourself.

According to psychologist Elena Shenderova, a deep internal study of existing complexes, fears, grievances and other feelings can really help a person. But it is useless to create the illusion of changes in yourself. By constantly running away from yourself, you can only become dependent on external manifestations and look for the reasons for failures everywhere, but not in yourself.

Lawyer Daria is of the opinion that it is not the name that makes a person, but the person that makes the name.
Daria, 31 years old:
— I changed my name from Sima to Daria 5 years ago. I didn’t like the name because it was associated with some harmful Aunt Sima, even the combination of letters irritated me. It took a long time for my friends and colleagues to get used to it, but then they still started calling me Daria without the prefix “that’s the one that Sima was.” Honestly, I haven’t noticed any big changes over these 5 years. At first there was some inspiration. Sometimes it seems to me that it was self-hypnosis. Now it turns out that nothing important connects me with the name Daria, as if I had lost my past, and I even miss the name Sima a little, especially when one of my old acquaintances, who does not know about the name change, calls me Sima.

Please write the correct answer) What parts of speech have number forms? 1.Only nouns and verbs change according to numbers

past tense. 2. Nouns, adjectives, verbs change according to numbers. 3. Nouns, present tense verbs and adjectives change according to numbers. Thanks in advance!

Which statement is true?1) Nouns, adjectives and verbs change by gender. 2) Only names change by gender

adjectives.3) Nouns are masculine, feminine and neuter, and adjectives and past tense verbs change by gender

On what basis are nouns divided into two?

groups? 1. Swans, pigeons, lions, hedgehogs, ruffs, moles. 2. Huts, islands, snowdrifts, stories, irons, cabinets. Write down all nouns in the singular. How to check whether the paired consonant in terms of deafness-voicedness is indicated by the letter correctly sound at the end of each word.

Option No. 1 1. Indicate the nouns (underline): pain sick sick leave play toy game 2. Nouns change: a) according to gender and

by numbers b) by numbers, genders and cases c) by numbers and cases 3. Indicate the nouns 1 declensions __________________ 2 declensions_____________ 3 declensions_______________ a) village d) thought g) fire b) laziness e) soldier h) courage c) stone f) sun and) pillar 4. Indicate the “extra” word according to the type of declension: a) smile b) fun c) hope d) glory 5. In which case are nouns used with a preposition: a) in the nominative case b) in the genitive case c ) in the accusative case d) in the dative case 6. Indicate nouns ending in “e”: a) lived in the village... e) remembered without sadness... b) fell from the roofs... f) rode a horse... c) saw through the window... g) worked in a factory... d) walked through the wasteland... h) lies on the palm of your hand... 7. Indicate the nouns in this case: in the genitive _____________________________________ in the prepositional _____________________________________ in the instrumental ___________________________________ a) with a carpet f) on a chair k) with kindness b) to the country g) to a friend m) to home c) from the lilac h) on a trip n) with a fairy tale d) in a briefcase i) underground o) in a hat e) without a coat j) through the fog p) from the shore 8. Indicate the names nouns with a vowel -o- at the end: a) under the cloak...m b) with the sun...m c) for the drawing...m d) in front of the kalach...m e) with comrade...m f) under the page...m 9. Write down the words in which must be written with the suffix -ek: a) person...k. b) cucumber...k. c) hammer...k d) flower...k. 10. What case are we talking about: “Nouns answer the questions by whom? What? and are used with prepositions with, for, under, above”? a) about the dative case; b) about the instrumental; c) about the prepositional case.

Test No. 6 1) In which line are only nouns 1) In which phrase is the noun used in the accusative case 1) found on the path

2) collected under an oak tree 3) looked at a friend 4) found in box No. 2 Find the noun of the 3rd declension 1) stem 2) beast 3) courage 4) poplar No. 4 in which sentence was an error made when forming the case form of the noun 1 ) Grandmother admired the brooch. 2) We like pancakes with strawberry jam 3) I fell and hit my knee painfully 4) The actor slightly raised his eyebrow No. 5 In which sentence are all parts of speech except functional ones - nouns 1) Willow branches entwined the gazebo in the garden 2) In the light of the moon the city on the shore was enchanting 3) at the walrus rookery there was snoring, mooing and roaring 4) The sound of waves on the sea verse No. 6 Which noun differs from others in two ways? 1) frost 2) city 3 swan 4 ice hole No. 7 In which line do the nouns have the same characteristics? 1) In a swamp in a store 2) under a turtle with a violin 3) in a clearing on a path 4) from a pan near the palm of your hand

Russian language lesson on the topic: “Noun” in grade 6. The lesson was prepared by: teacher Abkaeva P.M. Topic: Noun. Goals: educational and cognitive: 1. generalization and systematization of what has been studied on the topic “Noun”; 2. formation of language and speech competences; 3. improving practical skills in determining the main features of a given part of speech; intellectual and developmental: 1. develop the ability to compare, classify, generalize; 2. fostering a sense of culture of intellectual work; 3. develop a creative approach; educating: 1. to develop students’ communication skills; 2. cultivate a caring attitude towards nature, love for the native land. Equipment:    explanatory dictionaries, tests, cards, notes on the topic “Noun” Lesson progress. I.Org.moment. Russian language lesson. II.Game. Read the sentence. [ya och'in' l'ubl'u silo Kanasirag1i - Today in the Russian language lesson we will make an expedition to our native village and the theme from the natural history lesson “Our Land” will help us. Exercise. - Try to determine the topic and objectives of the lesson from the following assignment. III. Spelling five minutes. Winter brought many words to our village. - Read these words. S...Neva, in...th, m...telitsa, bl...stit, frost...b, b...lizna, frost...b, round..., thawed. - What did you notice? (two identical words) - Is this so? - What can help us in determining the lexical meaning of a word? (explanatory dictionaries) Assignment. 1g. – determines the lexical meaning of the word: frost 2gr. – frost 3g. – drizzle - Name the words – synonyms! (frost - frost) - Thanks to the dictionary, now insert the necessary spellings. Checking is the key (i, e, e, e, z, e, s, d, f)     In which word were mistakes made? What spellings do we remember? Which word is missing? Why? (shins) Is it possible to determine the topic and goals of the lesson now? (Yes) IV. Topic: Noun. Goal setting: 1.Repeat everything we know about the noun. - I add one more goal: 2. Make an open note on this topic. - We will work in pairs, in a group. Presentation: 1gr. Savvy 2gr. Savvy 3gr. Clever - Will phraseological units help us remember the rules of working in a group? - What is this? (stable combination of words) 1g. "Feeling of elbow." (feeling of mutual support and help in all matters) 2g. “Ears on the top of the head” (listen carefully) 3g. “Stand strong” (by all means to defend, defend something or someone) “I will not study the Noun!” - says Pinocchio. - What would you answer him? (The noun is the most important part of speech; if it weren’t for it, the speech would be incomprehensible) - Let’s prove to Pinocchio the importance of the noun. “I have been living in this world for a long time, I give names to all objects.” V. What is a noun? (study answers) What exactly can nouns mean? (answers) Diagram on the board. - Exercise. Emphasize. 1g. – natural phenomena 2gr. – a sign, like an object 3gr. - action as an object. - Examination. VI. What features does a noun have? (constant and non-permanent) - What are the permanent characteristics? (answers) - Do we know this? - Let's prove it! “Snow attack” Questions: - Why are two questions indicated in the definition of a noun: who? What? (animate and inanimate) - What nouns are called animate? (answers: living creatures, fairy-tale characters, names of toys (doll, top, bear...) - What nouns are called inanimate? (learning answers) - Physical exercise! (if the word answers the question “what?” - they jumped, “who ? - sat down) Lingonberry, titmouse, flock, bear, vezha, Snow Maiden, mine, bullfinch. - Well done! - What nouns are called proper nouns? (answers) - Do nouns change by gender? (not - How many genders are there in the Russian language? - How to determine the gender of a noun? - What do you know about the types of declension? - How to determine the declension? - Work in pairs! Route sheet. Task No. 2. - Connect the correct answers with lines. We work in a group! (if it’s difficult, use the reminders, algorithms) Tasks: 1gr. – Protects a constant sign: proper or common noun. Correct mistakes: This Land was waiting for a person, And People came at last, To sow the sparks of their hearts in the valley of umptek. (I. Marchenko) 2gr. Rod. - How many groups are you in Would you separate the nouns? Padun, ski track, well done, twilight, hard worker, sled, treasure, apatite, powder, radiance. 3gr. – “When you want to speak the Word, My friend, think, don’t rush. Sometimes it is harsh, sometimes it is born from the warmth of the soul.” Question: - Words are written on the card. I would really like them to never be heard in our village. Write synonyms next to these forbidden words. And let them sound more often in our village. Determine the declination! Anger-kindness, cowardice-heroism, cruelty-pity, idleness-hard work, hatred-love. - Examination! Protection! Question! Can I write the words: earth, north with a capital letter? (Yes. Study answers: planet Earth, holiday of the North) VII. What do we consider to be the non-constant features of a noun? (number, case) - How do nouns change? (by numbers) -Find the odd one out: Elnik, permafrost, Kanasiragi, children, twilight. (the rest are used only in singular) Route sheet. Task No. 1. - What do we call declination? Is the question a trap? - Decline the nouns. Piano, radio, highway, subway, lady. (this is an unintelligible noun) - How many cases? How to determine case? (on question and preposition) - Than I.p. different from everyone else? (This is a n.f., without prepositions, subject.) - How to distinguish V.p. and R.p.? I look at the deer, the enemies of the deer. Assignment to groups. 1 group. Find your questions in the case? D.p. Who? What? I.p. by whom? how? etc. whom? What? P.p. to whom? what? R.p. about whom? about what? V.p. whom? What? 2nd group. What prepositions correspond to the case? I.p. with, for, between... Etc. to, according to P.p. through, in, on V.p. at, from, to, from... D.p. in, about, at, on 3rd group. Route sheet. Task No. 7.          Peer review. (consultants) Physical exercise (music) What changes when we decline nouns? (ending) What two groups can the endings of nouns be divided into? (stressed and unstressed) Choose a synonym for the word spring. Spring - key, source. Key! What word is this? (multi-valued) (answers: key - door, musical) What “key” do we need to check the unstressed case ending of nouns? (key - cipher) Let's remember the words - keys! 1st class – earth, water 2 classes. – horse, water 3 class. – steppe, stove - Name the algorithm for determining the unstressed case ending of nouns. (declension, case, key word) Assignments! Route sheet. Group 1 – task No. 5. Group 2 – task No. 6. Group 3 – Research. Derive a rule! What letter is written in endings after sibilants and C? “e” or “o” Shoulders...m, roof...th, hare...v, landscape...m, key...m, frost...m, reeds...m, meet...th, luck...th, beautiful...th, smart...th . Conclusion: (under emphasis - O, unaccustomed ending - e) Checking assignments. 1. When “E” is written in unstressed case endings of singular nouns. numbers? 2. When “I” is written in unstressed case endings of singular nouns. numbers? 3. Under stress at the endings of nouns after sibilants and c, o is written, without stress - e. (children derive the algorithm) - What else should we know about the noun? (syntactic role of a noun in a sentence) - Answers. Creative work. Group 1: Determine the task yourself. The night frost (3) froze the lake near the shores. (4) Group 2: Write a sentence. Correct mistakes. Iniy, on, beautiful, pleases, direvyah, voice (3) Group 3: Mini-essay on the topic “Caring for birds” 1 sentence – bullfinches (I.p.), snow (Etc. ) 2nd sentence – food (V.p.), trees (P.p.) 3rd sentence – park (P.p.), guys (I.p.) 4th sentence – birds (D.p.), care ( I.p.) (With the first snow, bullfinches arrive. Birds are looking for food in the trees. The guys hung up feeders in the school garage. In winter, the birds need care.) - Which nouns are there more in your essay? (plural nouns) - This is the search for the next lesson. Summarizing. - Work in groups. - Make an open note on the topic “Noun”. (checked by a consultant from group 3) Notes. Noun. 1.... is a part of speech that answers the questions..., denotes... 2. A noun has its own morphological characteristics: ...and.... 3. We consider constant characteristics: 5. Non-permanent ones we refer to signs: ..., 6. The unstressed case ending of singular nouns can be checked... 7. The ending -e is written for nouns:.. 8. The ending -i is written for nouns... 9. In a sentence, a noun maybe... -Check! -Reflection. -In the next lesson we will have a new search. And today I am “in seventh heaven.” -How do you understand this? (to be happy and content) Thank you for the lesson. Well done! Tell yourself: “I’m great, I thought, I tried, I made discoveries.” - Homework. (optional) 1-3 points 2-4 points 3-5 points - Everyone chooses the exercise that they are able to perform. Homework on the topic “Noun”. Choose an exercise that you are able to perform. Task No. 1. Place punctuation marks. What are the features of the polar winter in winter on the Kola land? The polar night is good in winter in the north. Task No. 2. To make a sentence. Ice floes, quietly, on, walking, somewhere, distance (3), ocean, floating, bears, white, in. Task No. 3. Composition. Winter morning. 1st sentence - frost (I.p.) 2nd sentence - birch (P.p.) 3rd sentence - breast (D.p.) bullfinch (R.p.) 4th sentence - arrival (D.p.) During the lesson I used the sixth module - final control. Control was carried out in the form of grammatical tasks and tests, which were multi-level. Many students completed all assignments and showed a high level of knowledge and skills. This lesson is given as an example of the effectiveness and qualitative improvement of the learning process with a student-centered approach. The teacher develops and self-determination during the learning process as the main indicator of success in educational activities. 2.3. CONCLUSION