Country China: brief information and interesting facts. All you need to know about issues in Chinese Questions with question words

In Chinese, distinguish the circumstances of the place responsible for the question "Where?" and where?".

The circumstance of the place responsible for the question "Where?" still called the static circumstance of the place, and answering the question "Where?" - the dynamic circumstance of the place.

Static circumstance

1. Methods for expressing static circumstances

A. Title Place (Expressive)

香港 - Hong Kong

上海 - Shanghai

B. Installing Places

那那 - there

这边 - here, here

B. Attach the place and pronoun

他 那那 - he has there

他 这这 - he has here

在 你们 那那 有 没有 图图馆? - Do you have a library there?

G. Special Turnover, which clarifies the location of the object in space and is built according to the following scheme:

在 (zÀi) + noun + post-clarifying location

Deadlogs:

外 Wài - outside, out

内 Nèi - \u200b\u200binside

下 xià - under

上 Shng - from above

左 ZuO3 - Left

右 YÒu - right

前 qián - ahead

后 HòU - behind, rear

They can be used both separately and with suffixes 边 Bian and 面 Mian

Separately do not use the following words:

对面 - Duìmian - opposite

旁边 - Pángbian - near

中间 - Zhōngjian - in the middle, among

So, we give a few examples by the above scheme:

在 桌子 下面 - under the table

在 子 面面 - on the table

Eradicates are usually not put after geographical names and places, as well as after words denoting the side of the horizon:

北 - Běi - North

南 - Nán -Yug

西 - Xī - West

东 - Dōng - East

Location of static circumstances of the place in the proposal

The location of the static circumstance of the place in the proposal in Chinese depends on what is pronounced.

A) If the legend is expressed by the verb 在 ZAì, the fact is always put after this verb.

For instance:

我 小学 学习 - I study at elementary school

If the circumstance of the place is pronounced by pronoun or a nouns denoting an animated subject, then after such circumstances, there is usually implicit places or a noun with the meaning of the place.

们们 的 京剧 票 在 王刚 - it is impossible to say so!

It will be right:

们们 的 京剧 票 刚 王刚 那那 - Our tickets to Peking Opera at Wang Ghana

们们 的 京剧 票 在 王刚 家 - Our tickets to the Beijing opera from Wang Ghana at home.

If the circumstance of the place is so expressed by the nouns denoting the place, the geographical name, etc., then this no longer does not apply here:

他 在 - he is in Moscow

B) If the vernacum is expressed by the verb of 有 You3, the fact is put in front of him.

For instance:

桌子 上有 报纸 - on the table newspaper

你们 这这 有 多少 学生? - How many students do you have here?

Note:

It is important to distinguish such suggestions from type proposals:

我 在家 里 有 四 本 语法语法 - I have 4 houses on grammar

The circumstance of the place here is introduced using the verb 在, and not 有, in this sentence, it is simply like a verb with the meaning "to have, to be available."

C) with a conventional verb faith, the circumstance of the place can stand at the beginning of the proposal, between the subject and the lean and after the faithful.

The main thing is to remember that if there is a sentence in the sentence - then the fact of the place will be sure to stand after it.

Note:

There is a group of verbs of the status:

放 - Fàng - put, lie (about things, items)

住 - Zhù - live

躺 - Tang3 - lie

坐 - ZUÒ - Sit

站 - Zhàn - stand

挂 - Guà - hang

Other…

If the faithful is expressed in one of these verbs, the fact of the place is placed after the faithful. At the same time, which is very important, the verb 在 is placed after these verbs.

我 的 放放 在 桌子 - My book lies on the table

Dynamic circumstance

Recall that the dynamic circumstance of the place in Chinese is the circumstance of a place responsible for questions: "Where?", "Where?".

Location of the dynamic circumstance of the place in the proposal

A) the dynamic circumstance in position after the verb faith is placed if:

The verb of the leakage refers to the movement to the speaker face or from the speaker face and is built using words 来 and 去:

For instance:

他 晚晚 来 我 家 - in the evening he will go to me

我 夏天 想 去 北京 学习 - in the summer I will go to Beijing to learn

Note:

When 来 and 去 are used as modifiers, the location circumstance is placed between the modifier and the lean.

我 进 商店 去 - I entered the store

If the verb 到 DÀO is still used - "reach", "arrive in", after the circumstance, modifiers 来 and 去 are also set:

今天 我 想到 商店 去 - Today I want to go to the store

If the verb-legend does not express the direction of movement (as in the previous cases), then the circumstance of the place may stand behind it, only if it is decorated by the direction of movement.

他 跑食堂 - He ran into the dining room (speaking in the dining room)

B) the dynamic circumstance is placed before the verb. If:

1) answers the question "From where?", And is introduced by a pretext 从 Cóng (from, from, c), for example:

我 从 中国 带来 了 一些 汉语 语法语法 - I brought several books on Chinese grammar books from China

2) answers the question "Where?" and introduced the pretext of 往 Wang3 - "In the direction of ..."

请 你们 往前 走 走, 那那 有 一家 商店 - go ahead, please, there is one store

往往 - upstairs

往下 - Down

往 左 - left

往 右 - right

往前 - Forward

往 后 back

往 北 - north

往 南 - south

往 西 - west

往东 - east

往 哪哪 - in what direction? Where?

3) when executing the pretexts ... 从 ... 往 (from ... c), 从 ... 到 (s ... up)

他 从 树树 往下 跳 了 - He jumped from the tree to the ground

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We believes that all the Chinese are vigorously Buddhists, which is incorrect. Tourists love to look at the magnificent Chinese pagodas, and, probably, from here and this Association went. Buddhism is really common in China, but the Chinese philosophical and religious thought does not live by Buddhism.

Traditional Chinese ideology keeps on "three whales" - Buddhism, Confucianism and Taoism.

Most of the Chinese at the same time are atheists. It says official statistics, and our observations this thought is fully confirmed.

The era of communism brought its fruits, and most of the population stopped to believe in something. But the image of thought, ethics and norms of the behavior of modern Chinese are formed by these three teachings. By the way, none of them can not recognize the religion in the usual understanding of this word.

Freedom in China

This country is considered one of the most unprofitable in the world. It was both in Chinese history, but now everything changes. Modern Chinese does not feel some serious control, although in fact it exists.

On the other hand, freedom to realize themselves in China an order of magnitude more than in Russia. There is much easier to open your business, much more easier to engage in your business independently, and not "work for uncle." It would be a desire to work, and the state will not interfere with you.

In China, you can't criticize the government on the Internet. Subjected to strict censorship. But the authorities are listening to what is happening, and draw conclusions. There were events on, the Communist Party made conclusions, and reform began.

Taiwan, Macau and Hong Kong

Hong Kong is a former colony as part of the British Empire. Recently, it is officially the province of PRC. In essence, this is a separate state. Power in Beijing responds only for external policies, and all other administrative issues are solved by local authorities.

There is its own currency, their laws, their visa regime and tax law. Citizens of Russia can visit Hong Kong without a visa, and on the main territory of the country you can get, only having a passport.

The tax system in Hong Kong is completely different - there is no VAT tax (VAT), and many things are cheaper by 15-20%. If you want to buy an iPhone or iPad cheap, then you are the road to Hong Kong. Many Chinese come here for smartphones, tablet computers and laptops.

The city of Macau is similarly part of the PRC, and also has almost complete independence. This is the former colony of Portugal. Here is your laws, money and taxation.

Macau is a casino city, this is Asian Las Vegas. If Chinese wants to play poker, black jack or roulette, then goes here.

Comprehensive situation with Taiwan Island. China officially considers it its territory and the province of PRC. Taiwanese do not agree with this, and most of the world recognizes their point of view.

Taiwan is a hotel state. There is all its own, including the army and the navy. This state is called republic of China (ROC), which is translated as "Republic of China". No negotiations on the entry of Taiwan in the PRC is not conducted.

Important advice to tourists. In Chinese airports, flights to Makao, Hong Kong and Taiwan are referred to as "home", and landing on airplanes to these regions is carried out from terminals for local flights. Do not confuse.

We wish you a successful visit to China, and read our pages about this country ( links below).

The vocabulary existing in us allows us to disassemble and such an example of apples:

这个苹果好吃，那个不好吃。

Zhège Píngguǒ Hào Chī, Nàgè Bù Hào Chī.

This is a tasty apple, and that is not tasty.

After purchasing apples, you naturally want to go home, and how to say it? Right using already familiar to us chinese verb. - 回 家 huí jiā.

This word consists of two hieroglyphs, one of which is HUí, we understood a little higher in this lesson, and the second 家 jiā - was used in however, here this hieroglyph is the value of "home, home", and the whole phrase does the whole "return home" . I have a hurry to note that these two hieroglyph are always used together to express the return value home. You can not say 去家 Qù Jiā, bearing in mind that you go to your home, although if you go home to a friend, then you can say 我 去 我 朋友 的 家. Wǒ Qù Wǒ Péngyǒu de Jiā. So, as you already learned, you can return home by taxi, by train, etc., but you can also go driving on the machine, and this is said like this:

我 开车 回家. Wǒ Kāichē huí jiā. - I'm going home by car (driving).

他 会 开车. Tā Huì Kāichē. - He knows how to drive a car.

开车 Kāichē literally means opening the car, i.e. Hieroglyph 开 Kāi is to open it, which is used with other words in the direct value to "open", for example, "What time does the store open?"

几 点 开门? Jǐ Diǎn Kāimén? - What time opens?

商店 几点 开门 开门? Shāngdiàn Jǐ Diǎn Kāimén? - What time does the store open?

Where 门 Mén is the doors, i.e. 开门 Kāimén - open the doors.

New words:

商店 shāngdiàn - shop

回来 Huílái - Return (here)

回去 HUíQù - Return (there)

多少 Duńshǎo - How much?

东西 dōngxī - things

买 东西 Mǎi dōngxī - buy something

果果 shuǐguǒ - fruit

苹果 Píngguǒ - Apple

开 Kāi - open

开车 Kāichē - Will Machine

开门 Kāimén - open the doors, start working

回家 huí jiā - come back home

In this lesson, we disassembled several chinese verbsAnd in the next lesson we are waiting for the theme of cinema. What do you like movies? Have you ever watched Chinese movies? To be honest, I do not like Chinese films, there are too many tears, whining, parting, and the like, I do not have enough patience to watch. I began to get involved in China when I watched Jackie Chan's films, I myself unaware that he was from Hong Kong, and this is true another country. Unfortunately, in the films of Jackie Chan, all the actors speak Cantonese or, in modern films, in English. Therefore, to learn Chinese, they are not very effective. I advise you to learn Chinese songs, translate words and sing - it helps with speaking.

And in the next lesson, we are also waiting for a dialogue by phone, the analysis of all electron-domestic appliances; We learn how to say goodbye in Chinese, how to start an alarm clock, sleep and not shield to work the next day. This and more will be in on the site, so stay aware of events, join your China group in contact! Waiting for you in the next lesson!

Exercise 1

Write down the hieroglyphs on Pinyin.

1. shāngdiàN.
2. shuǐguǒ.
3. duńshǎo.
4. yīkuài Qián.
5. duńshǎo Qián.
6. mǎi dōngxī.
7. mǎi Yīfú
8. mǎi Bú Mǎi.
9. fēijī.
10. jǐ \u200b\u200bDiǎn.
11. jiào Shénme Míngzì
12. yīshēng.
13. xuéshēng.
14. shíhòu
15. shuōhuà
16. zài Zhuōzi shÀng.

Exercise 2

Listen and write down the heeroglyphs, specify the tone of each word.

Exercise 3.

Translate into Chinese.

1. What time does your store open? - Our store opens at 8.00 am.

The first words in someone else's language, of course, are affirmative: "I want it, I don't want it." But soon we need to know, "how" or "where to go," with whom "and" where "dinner," how much "and" who "pays.

Fortunately, Chinese grammar is simple, and it is necessary to know very little to build questions. Let's look at them closer.

General question

Questions with questionnaires

General questions are those on which "yes" or "no" answer.
"It is a table?" "Do you love dogs?" "Have you had lunch?" - All these questions are built equally: the addition of particles 吗 (MA) at the end of the affirmative offer.
他 爱 中国 .- He loves China
他 爱 中国 吗? - Does he love in China?

Slight other situation with a particle 呢 (ne). It translates to the Russian word "A" and means "What about ...?" or "And where ...?"
同学们 都 来 了, 老师 呢? Students all came, and teachers?
我 的 手机 呢 呢 刚 刚 把 放 在 桌子 上, 就 不 见 了! Where is my phone? Just put on the table - and no longer!

Questions with the affirmative-negative form of the faith

This is the second way to build a general question: we repeat the leakage, putting a part in the middle. Please note that the verb may be a surehead (what did you do?), And the adjective (what?).

他 要 要 要 咖啡? - Will it be coffee?
你 妹妹 漂亮 漂亮 漂亮? - Your younger sister is beautiful?

So it is impossible to build a question if there is no adjacent (very often). In such cases, we ask a question with 吗.

Alternative question

This is a question where the answer can only be something from the proposed options. (你 要 茶 还是 要 咖啡? Will you be tea or coffee?)
Such questions are set with the help of 还 (háishi, or). We usually repeat the verb (on both sides of 还 是).
你 一个 人 去 超市 还是 跟 朋友 一起 去? Are you alone to go to the supermarket, or with a friend (come)?

If the question is set to add, the verb can not be repeated:
你 想 吃 米饭 还是 面条? Do you want noodles or rice?

Of course, if in the proposal of the lean - verb 是, it also does not repeat:
你 是 老师 还是 学生? Are you a teacher or student?

Special question: question words.

When we want to know the name, we ask "Who?" When the owner is "Whose?", The address is "where?". In other words, we are looking for some information.

Please note how issues of question deals are being built. We do not put all the question words in one place. We put every one of them where we expect to see the answer.

你 去 哪 哪? - Where are you going?
我 去 学校. - I am going to school.
Pay attention, the order of words in the proposal does not change: subject to the competent-supplement.

An example is more comprehensive:
你 在 谁 那 那 喝 茶? - Who do you drink tea?
我 在 王 老师 那 那 喝 茶. - I drink tea at the Van Teacher.
The order of words in the sentence is also preserved, only instead of the "teacher Van" in the question worth "Who?".

Here are the main question words:

• 谁 (shéi / shuí) who
  这 是 谁? - Who is it?
• 谁 的 (Shéi DE) whose
  这 是 谁 的 衬衫? - Whose shirt?
• 什么 (shénme) what, what
  你 学习 什么? - What do you teach?
  你 学习 什么 语言? - What language do you teach?
• 哪 (nǎ) which (from)
  这这 有 几 个 杯子, 哪个 是 你 的? Are there several glasses, which is your one?
• 哪哪 (nǎr) where, where
  你 在 哪哪 学 了 中国 功夫? Where did you study kung fu?
  夏天 你 打算 去 哪 旅游 旅游? Where are you planning to go in the summer?
• 多少 (DuńShao) How much (more than 10)
  一 公斤 苹果 多少 钱? How much is a kilogram of apples?
• 几 (Jǐ) How much (less than 10)
  你家 有 几 口人? How many people in your family?
• 为什么 (Wèishénme) why
  你 为什么 想 想 去 北京? Why don't you want to go to Beijing?
• 怎么 (zěnme) how, why (emotional)
  到 火车站 怎么 走? How to get to the station?
  你 怎么 喜欢 喜欢 他 他 他 是 个 好人! Why don't you love him? He is a good person!
• 怎么样 (zěnmeyàng) How, how about ...
  你 最近 过 得 怎么样? How are you going lately?

Do not forget that it is impossible to use question words in the same sentence, and a particle 吗.

These three ways to ask a question will help create and understand 90% of the issues that you will meet.

Bonus: dividing questions in Chinese.

Such questions are postponed after the comma at the end of the sentence.

1. ..., 好 吗? (行 吗?)
It is used as it is not difficult to guess to ask about the consent of the interlocutor.
们们 现在 就 去 游泳, 好 吗? Let's go right now we go swimming, ok?

2. ..., 没有?
Most often, this option is used last time:
你你做 了 作作, 没有? Did you do homework?
你 去 过 北京, 没有? Have you ever been to Beijing?

Communication can be difficult. Especially in the second language!

Knowing several useful phrases on not only will help you avoid awkwardness in communication, but will create new contacts with others and raise communication to a new level.

Greetings

• 你好! (Nǐ HǎO) Hey!

You may already know this greeting. If not, 你你! (Nǐ Hǎo - Hi!) - The first basic Chinese phrase that must be learned to tie contact in society, where everything is spoken by Chinese.

• 你好吗? (Nǐ HǎO MA) How are you?

If you welcome someone not for the first time, you can show more attention and interest, asking how it is. 你你 吗? (Nǐ HǎO MA) - Excellent phrase for this case.

• 你吃了吗? (Nǐ Chī Le Ma) Have you eaten?

This is a Chinese way to show attention. Culturally is the close equivalent of phrases "How are you?" People ask "Did you sing?" As a polite way to cope with the well-being and well-being of the interlocutor, and most responds to it just "吃 了" (chī le)"I poked".

To admit that you do not file, it means to have some pressure on the asking: a polite reaction to such recognition will be the only way out - to feed you.

• 早安! (Zǎo ān) Good morning!

The Chinese love to say "Good morning," so if you welcome someone early, try to use this greeting. If the golden time is missed, you should not move to 午午 ( wǔ ān. - Good afternoon) or 晚晚 好 ( wǎn Shàng Hǎo. - Good evening): They are less common.

"Good Night" - 晚晚 (Wǎn ān). As in English, this phrase may also mean "goodbye".

Add a spoken shade:

Add ease and "steep" by the word "Hay" at the beginning of the phrase. For instance:

诶, 你好. (ēi, nǐ HǎO) "Hey hello".

诶, 怎么样? (ēi, zěn me yàng) "Hey, how is life?"

What's your name?

• 我 叫 [Name], 你 呢? (Wǒ JIÀO [Name], Nǐ NE) I [Name]. What's your name?

This is an unofficial way to introduce yourself to each other. 我 叫 (Wǒ JiÀo) means "My name", and 你 呢? (Nǐ NE) "Do you?"

• 怎么称呼？ Zěn Me Chēng hū) How can I contact you?

This phrase is a more official / polite way to ask someone's name. It is approximately translated "How should I contact you?"

• 请问您贵姓? (QǐNG Wèn Nín Gùi XìNG) Can I get to know your last name?

This phrase is even more formal and used in. When someone responds, calling his surname, for example, "我 姓 王" (Wǒ XìNG Wáng), "My surname - Van", you can answer using the circulation 王 先生 ( wáng Xiān Shēng. - Mr. Van), 王 小姐 ( wáng Xiǎo Jiě. - Mrs. (unmarried) van) or 王 太太 ( wáng TÀi Tài. - Mrs. (married) van).

Again, a little conversational shade:

For the sake of funny joking turn in a monotonous dating ceremony, try this phrase:

請問你貴姓大名? (QǐNG WèN Nǐ GùI XìNG Dà Míng?) What is your "famous" name?

This is a way to ask someone's name, at the same time, in a friendly, poisoning to the interlocutor.

Continuation of the conversation

Now that we met someone, that's how you can continue the conversation.

• 你是本地人吗？ (Nǐ Shì Běn Du Rén MA) Are you local?

It is less than a straightforward way to ask "Where are you from?" 你 是 哪里人? (Nǐ SHì Nǎ Lǐ Rén). In China, residents of large cities often come from somewhere else. They move from smaller cities in megacities to work or learn. The question, the locals whether they can give the opportunity to talk about their native cities.

• 你作什么样的工作? (Nǐ ZùO SHÉN ME Yàng de Gōng Zùo) What is your job?

Among professionals or working adults, you can start a conversation, asking in which area they work. You can ask more "你 的 专场 是 什么?" ( nǐ de Zhuān Chǎng Shì Shén Me? - What is your specialty?)

• 你读什么专业? (Nǐ dú shén me zhuān yè) What do you study?

Among the students you can ask about their specialization or the main subject.

• 你有什么爱好? (Nǐ Yǒu Shén Me Ài Hào?) What do you like to do?

This phrase is used to ask about hobbies or hobbies. Another great way to tie a conversation.

How to "dilute" the situation:

Try this relaxed phrase to overcome awkwardness and tension, entering the room or join the group:

诶, 什么事？ (ēi, shén me shì?) Well, what's going on here?

This is the equivalent "How are you?" Or "What's going on here?" In the right context, for example, among buddies or peers, it can sound very friendly and appropriate.

Answers during conversation

Part of the art of the conversation - the ability to give relevant answers. People love to meet sympathy, encouragement and hear compliments that they would tell.

What do you say when hear something exciting or interesting? Here are some basic phrases suitable as a reaction to such stories:

• 太酷了! (TÀi Kù LE!) That's cool!

The Chinese word for "cool" is borrowed from the English "Cool" and sounds exactly the same!

• 好搞笑。 (HǎO GǎO XIÀO) Cool.

搞笑 (Gǎo xiÀo) Literally means "having fun" or "joke".

• 真的吗? (Zhēn de ma) What is really?

真的 (Zhēn de)so "truth", and 吗 (MA) - questioning particle.

• 不会吧? (Bù HùI BA) Are you serious?

不会 (Bù HùI) it means "no", and 吧 (BA) - Exclamation particle. In other words, it's how to say "oh well!"

• 我的妈呀! (Wǒ de Mā ya) Omg!

我的妈呀! (Wǒ de Mā ya) Literally means "oh, mommy!". Culturally is closer to "Oh, God!"

• 哎呦我去! (āi yōu wǒ Qù) Oh my God!

There is no exact equivalent again. 哎呦 我 去! (āi yōu wǒ Qù) Literally translated as "Oh, I go!" This phrase is super-relaxed, so this is not the case when you can use it with anyone, especially if you just met.

• 我也是。 (Wǒ Yě Shì) So do I.

Three words to help you express the separation of the feelings of the interlocutor.

• 我理解。(Wǒ Lǐ Jiě) I understand.

Very useful phrase for empathy.

Spoken option:

For the most emotional answer, try to say:

太牛了! (TÀI Níu LE) It's damn good (not to get up)!

In formal business contexts, this may be regarded as rudeness. But it is completely acceptable at the party.

Phrases for farewell

Finally, we approached the words for parting. That's how you can say goodbye at ease and appropriate.

• 我先走了。下次再聊吧！ (Wǒ Xiān Zǒu LE. Xià cì Zài Liáo BA) I have to go. Still talk (let's talk again another time)!

If you need to go first, you can spark in a friendly.

• 回头见。 (Húi Tóu Jiàn) See you later.

This phrase is useful for parting for a while, for example, if you meet again on the same day.

• 我们再联络吧。 (Wǒ Mén Zài Lián Lùo BA) We will keep the connection.

This means that you may call or write later. The phrase works well when you are infrequently seeing live, but I would like to be aware and maintain a closer contact.

How to say all this more at ease:

Even when it comes to farewell, there are several possibilities to lower the tone of "secularity" and, possibly, go to closest relationships in the future:

这是我的手机号码。给我发短信吧！ (Zhè Shì Wǒ de Shǒu Jī Hào Mǎ.gěi Wǒ Fā Duǎn XìN BA) Here is my cell number. Write an example somehow!

This is a simple phrase that should help support the relationship after a party.

加我的微信。 (Jiā Wǒ de Wēi xìn) Add me to WECHAT.

We hope these phrases will add "raisins" of your social life! With whatever social situation, you will meet, use it as an opportunity to hone linguistic skills, even welcoming someone, say goodbye or responding to someone's story.