USSR: What the Soviet people were proud of and what they did not tell them. Interesting facts about the USSR

The date: 10.10.2019

The topic of course I got the extensive "USSR - Great Country"

I think that it makes no sense to describe the story here, but interesting facts ...

In December, the Union, in July - Government

Declaration on the formation of the USSR.

The agreement on the formation of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics was signed on December 29, 1922 at the conference of delegations from the congresses of the Soviets of the RSFSR, the Ukrainian SSR, BSSR and ZSFSR and was approved by the first All-Union Congress of Soviets. December 30 is considered the official date of education of the USSR, although the USSR government and the Allied ministries were created only in July 1923.

From 4 to 16

In different years, the number of the Union republics as part of the USSR ranged from 4 to 16, but the Soviet Union was the longest time, the Soviet Union, the Belarusian SSR, the Moldavian SSR, the Armenian SSR, the Georgian SSR, Azerbaijan SSR, the Kazakh SSR, Uzbek SSR, Kyrgyz SSR, Turkmen SSR, Tajik SSR, Latvian SSR, Lithuanian SSR and Estonian SSR.

Three constitutions for 69 years

For no small 69 years of its existence, the Soviet Union replaced three constitutions that were taken in 1924, 1936 and 1977. According to the first, the highest authority of state power in the country was the All-Union Congress of Soviets, according to the second - the two-chapted Supreme Council of the USSR. In the third constitution initially, there was also a two-bearet parliament, which, as amended by 1988, gave way to the Congress of People's Deputies of the USSR.

Flag approved later constitution

The Treaty for the formation of the USSR was determined that the new state has its own flag, but it was not given a clear description. In January 1924, the first Constitution of the USSR was approved, however, it was not indicated on how the flag of the new country looks like. And only in April 1924, the Presidium of the CEC of the USSR approved as the flag of Scarlet Plotto with a red five-pointed star, sickle and hammer.

In America - Stars, in the USSR - slogans

In 1923, the coat of arms of the Soviet Union was approved - an image of a sickle and hammer on the background of the globe, in the rays of the Sun and in the frame of each, with the inscription in the languages \u200b\u200bof the Union republics "Proletaria of all countries, join!". The number of inscriptions depended on the number of republics as part of the USSR, as the number of stars on the US flag depends on the number of states.

Universal anthem

From 1922 to 1943, the Hymn of the Soviet Union was "INTERNATIONAL" - French song with music Pierre DEGEYTER and the words of Ezhen Internship in Arkady Kota. In December 1943, a new anthem of the country with the text was created and approved Sergey Mikhalkovand Gabriel El Registan and music Alexandra Alexandrova. Alexandrova's music with the modified text Mikhalkov is currently anthem in Russia.

Country size with mainland

The Soviet Union occupied the territory of 22,400,000 square kilometers, being on this indicator the largest country on the planet. The sizes of the USSR were comparable to the sizes of North America, including the territories of the United States, Canada and Mexico.

Equator border

The Soviet Union had the longest border in the world, over 60,000 kilometers, and bordered with 14 states. It is curious that the length of the boundary of modern Russia is almost the same - about 60,900 km. At the same time, Russia borders with 18 states - with 16 recognized and 2 partially recognized.

Map of the USSR

High Point of Union

The highest point of the Soviet Union was the mountain in the Tajik SSR height of 7495 meters, in different years wearing the name of the peak of Stalin and the Peak of Communism. In 1998, the authorities of Tajikistan gave her the third name - Peak Samani, in honor of Emir, who founded the first state of Tajiks.

Unique capital

Despite the tradition of renaming cities in honor of the prominent Soviet figures that existed in the USSR, this process did not actually affect the capital of the Union republics. The only exception was the capital of the Kyrgyz SSR, the city of Frunze, renamed in honor of the Soviet military leader Mikhail Frunzewho was a local native. At the same time, the city was first renamed, and then became the capital of the Federal Republic. In 1991, Frunze was renamed Bishkek.

The Soviet Union in the mid-1950 - early 1960s made a kind of "scientific and technical hat-trick" - in 1954, he created the first NPP in the world, in 1957 he brought into orbit in the world's first artificial satellite of the Earth, and in 1961 Launched the world's first spacecraft with man aboard. These events occurred, respectively, after 9, 12 and 15 years after graduating from the Great Patriotic War, in which the USSR has become the greatest material and human losses from the participating countries.

Soviet champagne
A decent alternative to Madame Kliko and "House Perignon" (well, these are we, born in the USSR, we consider it!) The legendary product was conceived by Generalissimus Stalin on the eve of victory in the Great Patriotic War. And although the drink violates the rule that only the product produced in the French province champagne can be called champagne - just try to prove it with most of our people! The drink was so long and popular, which remains Soviet even now, although the state that gave him its name has long disappeared from the political map of the world.

Beer "Zhigulevskoe"
Woven drink of our dads. The one who tried fresh spill, and precisely from the "right", present, cooked in the homeland of Zhigulevsky in the city of Kuibyshev (now Samara). For a long time, this brand of beer (2.8% alcohol) was the most common from bright low alcohol drinks. A barley jin released from a bottle gave a good foam and with nothing with a comparable sense of moral satisfaction.

Canned Kilka in Tomat
They were called the "fraternal grave." And also - "eyes". The fact is that, according to GOST, a solid fish was subject to preservation, which should have occupied up to 90% of the volume of banks. The rest is tomato. GOST was observed. And all - for 33 kopecks! I add kilo potatoes for 12 kopecks, Baton - and for half ateennik received a great dinner. In addition, the twist in Tomate was considered a great snack on a par with vobly and salty dryers.

Chocolate "Alenka"
Year of birth - 1966. Place of birth - Factory "Red October". Exposable lactic chocolate, touching masterpiece design. Millions of citizens overnight fell in love with a cute girl in a handkerchief and wanted to call their daughters in her honor. Not Elena, not Alena, namely Alenka! From the dominance of girls with this name, the country was saved by a ban on introducing names in diameters in a decrease in lasculatory form and the persistent courage of regulators.

Candy "Bird's Milk"
Since 1966, when the Red October Factory has released the first batch of these candies, the folk love for them did not fade. Having caught the wishness of the masses, eleven years later, the director of the confectionery shop of the restaurant "Prague", the Gouralchik created the cake of the same name. And he received copyright. But for a long time, "bird milk" was an exceptional luxury, far from the people's Soviet masses, and was associated with the phrase: "Do not take - it will not get anyway!".

Birch juice

"I saw birch juice in the spring forest!" And to us, he arrived in three-liter banks. About freshness! About Usland! Oh delicious tenderness! Dotted the bank to the house - performed a vitamin duty, at least half a year. His collection was hired by the knowledgeable citizens, and leshozes only for the season earned on the delivery of Berezovitsy three times more than on the wood, which in many years produced the same area of \u200b\u200bthe forest. After all, one birch is able to give up to 300 liters of valuable fluid.

Doctoral sausage
Intended in the 30s as dietary, almost therapeutic (from there and the name), a product consisting of first-class beef and pork, eggs, milk powder and gentle spices. After 20 years, she has a fish smell (time coincided with the invention of the feed). Another 20 - paper taste (learned to use nutritional supplements and simulators). But at the same time, only units refused the "doctoral" in favor of "amateur". On the food coupons of the beginning of the 90s it was as "meat." In any case, the "doctoral" has long replaced meat in our most beloved New Year's salad.

Erotic "Friendship"
Truly inspired tastes of Soviet citizens. For some reason, from the Trinity of Melted Cheese ("Friendship", "Wave" and "Summer"), which at the beginning of the 60s developed a scholar Kuleshov with comrades, citizens loved the "Friendship". The most famous dish of this raw was the so-called "putty": kneading melted cheese, add mayonnaise, seasoned garlic rather, ready!

Condensed milk
At that time it was an extremely nutritional product. And this most important advantage of modern condensed milk, alas, does not possess - now it is prepared on the basis of only vegetable fats. And before ... It was 8.5% fat and 43.5% sugar. Gusts wonderful! After two hours of cooking in general yummy!

Chocolate candies "Squirrel"
Memories of Soviet sweets are something with something. Their taste is incomparable with any modern candy ... And the "protemat" candy can be called the symbol of the era of the 70s and 80s of the 20th century. These candy with Nut-Praline Stuffed began to produce at the Babaevskaya factory from the beginning of the 40s. Then they were done by hand only 500 kg per day (now the modern line allows you to produce about 360 kg of candies per hour). They were a mandatory treat in the Moscow Kremlin and were filed at important techniques in crystal vouces. The "protein" was valued like treasure. These crushed hazelnut candies were received as a gift only for a special occasion. And not a handful, but the piece. Colorful candy candies "Squirrel" unfolded with a fading of the heart, and this meant that the fairy tale was about to begin!

10 cool facts about the USSR

In 1939, the Union of Militors of Sugurizians made an initiative to consider the year not from the Nativity of Christ, but from the date when the revolution occurred, that is, from October 25, 1917. And call this: "2nd year of the Socialist Revolution, 15th year S.R." etc. It was proposed to rename the months. If this proposal was made, then our year would consist of the following months: Lenin, Marx, Revolution, Sverdlov, May, Soviet Constitution, Hatt, World, Comintern, Engels, Great Revolution, Stalin. And we would notice the new year with you on the 31st Stalin ... Finally, experiments with a calendar stopped only in 1940.

Toilet paper in the USSR was always in short supply. Therefore, where people would meet the queue for her - they immediately became. And they took how much they give (in some hands, then gave a limited amount of goods). Then a dozen two rolls rolled on the attached rope and hung on the neck. And so a lucky buyer could drive through the whole city - no one was surprised, could only take an interest: "Where did you take?"

In the young Soviet state, labor armies were created from the military who committed crimes. Therefore, they were called "prisoners of Red Army", and in the documents, this phrase reduced "s / k". Later, during the construction of the White, this cut was decrypted as "CD channel". Here from this "s / k", in fact, the word "ZEK" occurred.

In the USSR, a legend has long walked for a long time that the famous phrase Khrushchev "I will show you Kuzkin's mother!" At the UN Assembly, it was literally "Kuzma's Mother". What is "Kuzkina Mother"? Probably the newest secret weapon! Subsequently, the expression "Kuzkina Mother" was used to designate the USSR atomic bombs. But in fact, the translator, translating this expression, spoke allegorically: "I will show you what is that."

For the manufacture of handicrafts, for which illegal music was recorded, old X-rays were widely used in the USSR. They were called "plates on the bones" or "plates on the ribs". This material cost free - the medical staff even thanked those who helped to unload the archives.

In the Soviet Union, the famous manufacturer of rubber slippers was the Polymer plant in the town of Slants of the Leningrad Region. Many buyers believed that the word "shale" appeared on the soles is the name of the shoes. So the word entered the active vocabulary and turned into synonym the words "slippers".

Photo signed "Thanks to Comrade Stalin for our happy childhood!" - A girl with a bouquet of flowers on the hands of the leader - in 1936, walked around all the newspapers of the country. Posters were printed from her, made sculptures. This girl was called Engelsina (in honor of Engels), or Marquis's gels. Helie's father - Minister of Agriculture of the Buryat-Mongolian Autonomous Republic of Ardan AngaDovich Markov - In 1937, he was arrested, declared by Japanese spy and soon shot. Mother is exiled to Kazakhstan, where he died with unexplained circumstances. An orphaned girl took an uncle to himself. Happy childhood…

At the Victory Parade on June 24, 1945, the military in their arms carried a dog. And she lay on Sineli of Stalin himself. It was one of the trained dogs, which in about the time of the war helped saperes during demining. The dog was called Julbars. In the last year of war, during demining areas in Europe, Julbars found 7468 min and more than 150 shells. Shortly before the Victory Parade in Moscow on June 24, Julbars was wounded and could not go as part of the School of Military Dogs. Then Stalin ordered the ps of the Red Square on its overcoat.

Now it is not even hard to believe, but for a long time in the USSR Week was six days: one day off is Sunday. A maternity leave was in different years from three months to six months (it was a maximum). So, at 3 months of the newborn, they gave to a nursery, then in the garden or parents were looking for some other way to leave the baby at home (grandma, the pensioner, work in different shifts, etc.) Vacation was up to 15 days. And even on December 31 was a normal working day. At night, the new year was met, the 2nd to work. And no you christmas and New Year holidays.

USSR - Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. It existed this huge state from 1922 to 1991 and occupied almost 1/6 of the whole sushi. Initially consisted of four republics: RSFSR (Russia), Ussr (Ukraine), BSSR (Belarus), ZSFSR (Transcaucasian Republic). Later, the number of all the republics increased to 16. Well, quite stories. Here are some interesting facts about the USSR.

1. In 1941, in the USSR there was a tax on childlessness. Such a tax of 6% of the salary and paid its childless men aged 20-50 years and childless women aged 20-45 years.

2. In 1959, the National American Exhibition was held in Moscow. There, Khrushchev was given to try Pepsi for the first time. The next day, the photo of the Secretary General Driving Pepsi appeared in all newspapers. So Khrushchev became the informal face of Pepsi.

3. At the World Cup in 1962, the teams of the USSR and Uruguay played in one of the matches. One of the football players of our team scored a goal through a hole in the grid grid, and the arbitrator did not notice this and counted the goal. But the captain of the USSR national team saw this mistake and said that the goal was scored wrong. As a result, the goal was not counted, but our team won anyway.

4. Remember such a famous song "Spinning-spinning Blue Blue, spinning-spinning above the head"? So, initially in the song did not sound the word "ball", but the word "scarf", but because of the interface in the fast pace, the letter F was lost in the film "Youth of Maxim (1934)" entered the song with a "ball", and not "Scarf".

5. The sculptor on the tree Vyacheslav Pecheusev did the car time for the film "Ivan Vasilyevich changes profession." For this invention, he is a premium and a certificate from Mosfilm, which said: "The money is issued for the invention of the time machine", and no quotes stood.

6. After the collapse of the USSR, there was such a confusion in power, which was incomprehensible to who should say New Year's appeal from 1991 for 1992. As a result, this role was entrusted to the leading blue light of Mikhail Zadornov. But Satirik was so carried away that he delayed her congratulations for a minute, so the kourant fight took place for the year later.

7. The city of Vladikavkaz was the capital at once of the two autonomous republics as part of the USSR from 1924 to 1934 - North Ossetian and Ingush. Although the city itself was an independent administrative unit outside of these republics.

8. Soviet censorship very much came up to the then films. This also applies to the film "Diamond Hand". They did not like the prostitution shown in the film, the drunkenness of the main character, the babble of Soviet customs officers. Then Gaidai added a nuclear explosion at the end of the film and told the censors "cut out anything, just leave a nuclear explosion." As a result, censors left everything except the nuclear explosion, which Gaidai and sought.

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Modern youth knows that there was such a country of the USSR, but on this, usually, all knowledge about it ends. Today I will tell you interesting facts about Union Union, which may have been unknown to you ...

In the pre-revolutionary alphabet, the letter D was "good." The flag corresponding to this letter in the signals of the Military Fleet signals is "yes, I agree, allowing." This is what caused the expression to "give good". The derivative of this expression "Customs gives good" for the first time appeared in the film "White Sun of the Desert".
When Mayakovsky introduced his famous poems "Lestenka", the colleagues poets accused him of scaling - after all, the poets were paid for the number of lines, and Mayakovsky received 2-3 times more for verses of similar lengths.
Mayakovsky presented his beloved Lile Yurevna Brick Ring with its initials - "L Yu b". Being located in a circle, these letters folded in an infinite "love".
The source of expression "and the hedgehog is clear" - the poem of Mayakovsky ("Clearly even a hens - / This Peter was burzhuy"). It turned out to be widespread first in the story of the Strugatsky Country Clouds, and then in Soviet boarding schools for gifted children. They were gaining adolescents who were left to study two years (classes A, B, B, G, D) or one year (classes e, f, and). Pupils of a one-year flux were called "hedgehog". When they came to the boarding school, the bienniums were already ahead of them on a non-standard program, so at the beginning of the school year, the expression "Yellow is clear" was very relevant.

Music to the pioneer song "Wear the bonfires, blue nights" is written on the basis of the "Marsha Soldier" from the Opera Charles Guno "Faust".
In the early 1920s, Novosibirsk consisted of two parts according to different shores of Obi, between which there was no car bridge. And since the watch meridian passed right along the river, then there were two times in the city. On the left bank, the difference with Moscow was 3 hours, and on the right - 4. Although he did not deliver a big inconvenience to the Novosibirsk, because each half lived apart, and even marriages between residents of different shores of the city were rare.
In 1931, the Rise of the Turkic Muslim population broke out in the Chinese province of Xinjiang. Russian emigrants were mobilized to government troops - like White Guards, who lived in Xinjiang since the time of the Civil War in Russia, and those who fled from hunger and collectivization in the USSR. Two years later, the Governor's Governor-General Province Schitsi managed to agree with the Soviet Union on assistance in the suppression of the uprising. The 13th Al-Ata Regiment of the OGPU, whose soldiers were dressed in the White Guard shape were converted to China. In addition, the USSR directly financed the fighting parts composed of Russian emigrants. Thus, the "red" and "white" participated in this conflict on one side.

In the popular song that sounded in the film 1934 "Youth Maxima", there are lines: "The ball is spinning, the ball is spinning, spinning-spinning over his head." The obvious illogic of the text (what a ball can spin on the head?) Explained simply. In the initial version of this song, which arose in the middle of the 19th century, was not a "ball", but "scarf". But since the letter "F" at the junction of words in a fast pace was very difficult, she subsequently reduced.
In the young Soviet state, work was created. Military who committed crimes were called "concluded redarmeys", and in the documents, this phrase reduced "s / k". Later, during the construction of the White Arkanal, this abbreviation began to decipher the "Prisoner Canaloers". From "s / k" and the word of the zek happened.
The city of Vladikavkaz from 1924 to 1934 was the capital at once of the two autonomous republics as part of the USSR - North-Ossetian and Ingush. At the same time, the city itself was an independent administrative unit outside of these republics.
In the USSR, since November 1941, there was a tax on childlessness, which was 6% of the salary. They paid his childless men from 20 to 50 years old and childless married women from 20 to 45 years.
From June 22, 1941 to July 1, 1941 (9 days), 5,300,000 people joined the Armed Forces of the USSR.
At the beginning of World War II, the USSR experienced a greater shortage of tanks, and therefore was decided in emergency cases to re-equip in tanks ordinary tractors. So, during the defense of Odessa from the distressed city of the Romanian parts, 20 such "tanks" listed armored armor were thrown into battle.
The main rate was made on the psychological effect: the attack was made on the night with the inclied headlights and sirens, and Romanians appealed to flight. For such cases, as well as for the fact that the uniforms of heavy guns were often installed on these machines, the soldiers called them NI-1, which decodes "on the fright".

During the years of the Great Patriotic War, St. Isaac's Cathedral has never been subjected to direct artwork - only one day the projectile came to the western corner of the cathedral. According to the military assumptions, the reason is that the Germans used the highest dome of the city as a landmark for a shot. It is not known whether the leadership of the city was guided by this assumption when he decided to hide in the basement of the Cathedral of the Cathedral from other museums who did not have time to take out before the blockade. But as a result, the building, and the values \u200b\u200bare safely preserved.
Konstantin Rokossovsky, Pole by nationality, had the title of Marshal USSR and Marshal Poland.
In the Great Patriotic War, the Red Armenian-machine-gunner Semen Konstantinovich Hitler, a Jew by nationality. Seventy years ago, during the defense of the height of 174.5 Tiraspol fortunate. District Semen Konstantinovich Fireman Machine Machine destroyed more than a hundred military personnel of the Wehrmacht. Having consumed the guests, having received the wound and being subsequently surrounded, the Red Army without throwing weapons, overcoming more than 10 kilometers, went to his. What is confirmed by a premium sheet of August 19, 1941.
Hitler considered his main enemy in the USSR not Stalin, but the speaker Yuri Levitan. For his head, he announced a reward of 250 thousand brands. The Soviet authorities carefully guarded Levitan, and disinformation about his appearance was launched through the press.

According to the description of the Nadria of the Red Armyman Dmitry Ovcharenko, from the declaration of a sense of the title of the Hero of the Soviet Union, on July 13, 1941, he delivered ammunition in his company and was surrounded by a squad of soldiers and opponent officers with a number of 50 people. Despite the fact that he was selected by the rifle, she did not confuse the shepherd and, catching an ax from the wagon, cut off his head interrogated his officer. Then he threw three grenades in German soldiers, destroying 21 people. The rest in a panic fused, except for another officer, whom Red Armyman caught up and also cut off his head.
The Armenian village of Chardachly, located in Azerbaijan, is the birthplace of two marshals, twelve generals and seven heroes of the Soviet Union.
During the Soviet-Finnish war of 1939, the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Molotov said that the Soviet troops are discarded not bombs, and loads with food for starving Finns. In Finland, such bombs were cried with "Molotovsky bread baskets", and then they began to call devices with an incendiary mixture against Soviet tanks "Molotov Cocktail". We have the name of such weapons decreased to just "Molotov's cocktail".

During the Second World War, demining the facilities to the sapeligs actively helped the trained dogs. One of them, named Julbars, discovered in the last year of the war 7468 min and more than 150 shells in European countries. Shortly before the Parade of Victory in Moscow on June 24, Julbars was wounded and could not pass as part of the School of Military Dogs. Then Stalin ordered the ps of the Red Square on its overcoat.
Leonid Gaidai was called up to the army in 1942 and first served in Mongolia, where he traveled around the horses for the front. One day, a military board arrived in the part for a set of replenishment to the existing army. To the question of officer: "Who is in artillery?" - Gaidai replied: "I!". He also answered other questions: "Who is in the cavalry?", "In the fleet?", "In intelligence?" What caused the branchy's discontent. "Yes, wait, Gaidai," said the military commark, "let the entire list read." Later, the director adapts this episode for the film "Operation" s "and other adventures of Shurik."
Winston Churchill loved the Armenian brandy and drank a bottle of 50-degree brandy "Dvin" daily. Once the prime minister discovered that Dvin had lost their best taste. He expressed his discontent Stalin. It turned out that Marshar Sedrakan, who was engaged in a bunch of "Dvina", was exiled to Siberia. He was returned, restored in the party. Churchill began to receive a favorite brandy again, and Sedrakhan subsequently assigned the title of Hero of Socialist Labor.
In 1942, Stalin invited the US ambassador to view the film "Volga, Volga" with him. I liked the film, and Stalin presented a copy of the film through him President Roosevelt. Roosevelt looked at the film and did not understand why Stalin sent him to him. Then he asked to translate the words of the songs. When the song dedicated to the steamer "Severell" sounded: "America of Russia presented a steamer: / From the nose of couples, the wheels behind, / and terribly, and terribly, / and terribly quiet stroke," he exclaimed: "Now it's clear! Stalin reproaches us for a quiet move, for the fact that we have not yet opened the second front. "

When developing a Victory car, it was planned that the name of the car will be "homeland". Having learned about this, Stalin ironically asked: "Well, how much will we have a homeland?". Therefore, the name was changed to the "victory".
The famous formula "Twice two equals five", for which George Orwell has repeatedly made an emphasis in the 1984 novelopia novel, came to his mind when he heard the Soviet slogan "five-year-old - at four years old!".
In 1946, the village of Selmeny was divided between the USSR and Czechoslovakia, and the border went straight on one of the streets. Today, parts of the village are in Slovakia and Ukraine.
In the USSR, a legend has long walked for a long time that the famous phrase Khrushchev "I will show you Kuzkin's mother!" At the UN Assembly, it was literally "Kuzma's Mother". What is "Kuzkina Mother"? Probably the newest secret weapon! Subsequently, the expression "Kuzkina Mother" was used to designate the USSR atomic bombs. But in fact, the translator, translating this expression, spoke allegorically: "I will show you what is that."
In 1959, the American National Exhibition was held in Moscow, where Khrushchev was offered to try peps-cola. He agreed and involuntarily became the advertising person of the company, since the next day the photograph was published in the newspapers around the world, at which the Soviet leader drinks Pepsi.
In 1945, Soviet schoolchildren presented the American Ambassador a wooden panel from the valuable tree species with the image of the coat of arms of the United States. Neither schoolchildren nor the ambassador knew that the listening device was mounted in the panel, the design of which was developed by a lion thermhedral. "Bug" was so successfully hidden that the American special services noticed did not notice anything, and Soviet intelligence officers were taking out conversations in the office of the ambassador. After the detection, the device was submitted to the UN as proof of the intelligence activities of the USSR, however, the principle of its action has remained unsolved.

During the period of large-scale nuclear tests in the USSR and the United States, from the late 1960s to the early 1990s, which also included many underground nuclear explosions, there was no almost no strong having a magnitude of more than 8.3 units, an earthquake on the planet. However, the fact that this connection is not just a coincidence has not yet been proven.
During the cold war there were a lot of cases when the world stood on the threshold of the nuclear war due to the wrong readings of the launch of missile launch systems. So, in 1979, an alarm was raised in the United States due to the fact that on one of the computers, the curriculum program of the massive nuclear strike was loaded. However, satellites did not find the starts of missiles, and the alarm was canceled. And in 1983, the Soviet Satellite Detection Satellite System failed, having transferring a signal about the start of several American missiles. Lieutenant Colonel Sitting on the remote control, Stanislav Petrov, took responsibility not to transfer information to the highest leadership of the country, deciding that the United States is unlikely to apply the first blow to so small forces. In 2006, UN was awarded Petrov as a "man who prevented a nuclear war."
When in the 1950s, it was decided to build a cosmodrome in the Kazakh steppes, for the introduction of a likely enemy was misled for another spacecraft - wooden - in the village of Baikonur Karaganda region. After the start of the ship "Vostok-1" with Gagarin on board, this name in the press passed to the present cosmodrome, located 300 km from this village.
The dog husky was sent to space, in advance knowing that she would die. After that, the UN came from a group of women from Mississippi. They demanded to condemn the inhuman attitude towards the dogs in the USSR and put forward a proposal: if the living beings should be sent to space to space, in our city there is any need for this.

During the preparation of the launch of the Soviet automatic station on Mars, there were problems with excess weight of research equipment. Korolev, having studied the drawings, wanted to check the device that was supposed to report on the radio on the presence or absence of organic life on the planet. The device was taken into the scorched steppe near the cosmodrome, and then conveyed that there is no life on Earth, which was the reason for his exception from the mission.
The surnames of the cosmonauts, which seemed to be the Soviet authorities unrelated, changed. Bulgarian Kakalov had to become Ivanov, and the Pole of Hermashevsky - Gerushevsky.
At the beginning of the era of cosmonautics, no one could imagine how the stay in space on human health will affect, in particular, he will not be crazy. Therefore, to translate the ship with automatic on the manual control mode, protection was provided with the introduction of a special digital code that was in the sealed envelope. It was assumed that in the state of insaneness, Gagarin could not open the envelope and understand the code. True, before the start of flight the code was still told.
After flying to Cosmos, Gagarin was awarded a black "Volga" with 12-04 YAG numbers (date of flight and initials). And the letters were legally produced from the index of the Moscow region (where the star town was located) - Yua. The following cosmonauts in nominal cars have preserved the letters of YAG, and the numbers of flight were also designated.
In 1984, a laser pistol of non-measurable action was developed in the USSR. He was intended for self-defense of astronauts. The striking effect of this pistol was to disseminate the sensitive elements of optical systems, including human eye. A important advantage compared to a conventional pistol in conditions of weightlessness was the lack of return. Now the laser pistol is a monument of science and technology and is exhibited in the Museum of History of the RVSN Military Academy.

Georgy Millars played almost all the extinces in Soviet fabulous films, and every time he was imposed by complex makes. He almost did not need to Millar only for the role of Kaschev's immortal. The actor was thin by nature, in addition to this during the Second World War, he infected with malaria in evacuation in Dushanbe, turning into a lively skeleton weighing 45 kilograms.
Song "Uno-Uno-Uno, Un Momento" from the film "Formula of Love" seems written in Italian. In reality, its text is a non-synted set of Italian words, and he was invented by the composer of the film Gennady Gladkov.
In the film "Terminator-2", the Terminator says to the biker: "I need your clothes, shoes and a motorcycle." 11 years before that, in the film "Adventures of Electronics", electronics, going to replace the cheeseglass, refers to it with the phrase: "I need your form."
In the Soviet cartoon Winnie Poha voiced Evgeny Leonov. To achieve greater comic, the speech of the artist was accelerated by about 30%. If you reduce the speed for this value, you can hear the usual Leonov.
It is known that the Soviet and Russian astronauts have a tradition - before the selection of the film "White Sun of the Desert". It turns out that this tradition has a logical substantiation. It was this movie that was shown cosmonauts as a standard of operator work - on his example they were explained how to work with the camera and build a plan.
In the film director Andrei Mikhalkov-Konchalovsky "Uncle Vanya", released in 1970, meet both colored and black and white scenes. Some critics found an artistic justification for such a reception. In fact, lacked the color of the color "codak", and the Soviet color film did not give the desired image quality, so they were filmed on black and white.
For shooting the scene with an old man, Afghan in the film "9 Rota" needed a donkey. The shooting group appealed to the Yalta zoo, explaining that an animal needs, which is not afraid of cameras and loud sounds. The employees of the zoo immediately advised the Oskitsa Luju, which almost 40 years ago was filmed in the Caucasian Captive People, carrying a Shurik. The role in "9 company" she played excellent.

Almost all films, Georgy Dellai in the credits indicates the actor Rene Hobua, although he never starred in them. George Delteius and Rubo Gabruz met with the builder of Rene Hobua in the late 1960s, when they lived in a hotel in Tbilisi and wrote the script of the film "Do not burn!". For several days in a row, they told him different versions of the script to learn "the opinion of a simple viewer," until Rena asked him to be released. It turned out that he came to a business trip from Zugdidi and had to "get" building materials, but instead was forced to listen to the script. In gratitude his last name was placed in the titers.
Soviet basketball player Janis Kruminsh, Native of Latvia, began to study basketball only in 23 years. After two years, he became the Champion of the USSR, and a year later he won the silver Olympiad-1956 in Melbourne.
Cliche fans: "Shay-bu! Shai-bu! " You can hear both on hockey and football matches. It so happened thanks to the famous hockey player Boris Majorov, who loved to play and football and even participated in the matches of the Higher League of the USSR for Spartak. When the ball on the football field fell to the Major, the fans began to push it to the usual hockey crurch.
At the World Cup of 1962, the USSR national team met with the Uruguay team, and with a score 1: 1 After the strike of the Soviet football player, the ball flew into the grid through the hole on the outside. The arbitrator saw the moment and the goal counted, but the captain of the Soviet team Igor Netto gestures explained the judge that the goal was scored wrong. This ball was eventually canceled, but our footballers scored still and still won the match.
Lev Yashin was not only a football goalkeeper, but also hockey. In 1953, he became the owner of the USSR Cup on Hockey and the Bronze Camera Championship of the USSR. Yashin already wanted to call a hockey team for the World Cup, but he decided to concentrate on football.

At the sunset of his career, the famous Soviet football player Alexander Zavarov played for the French club Nancy. In the team, the nickname "Blette" was gained (translated from French - "Beet"), as Zavarov often uttered this word with their own or other people's mistakes on a football field.
The Soviet "Lada" car driver was the first in the life of the car driver, which he and his father found prepared for disposal. After fixing and repainting Raikkonen penetrated the adoration to this car. According to him, he almost never broke.
At the closing ceremony of the Olympiad-80 in Moscow, one of the most spectacular elements was the image of the Olympic Bears with colored shields, and especially his tear. It was originally not in the script, however, at the rehearsal, holding one of the shields by mistake raised it up is not dark, but a light side. When the leader said to change the side, the order began to fulfill all the statists of a number. The sweeping wave immediately reminded to the tears, in this form and included it in the ceremony.
One day, Bear Circus Valentina Filatova was on tour in Stuttgart. At one of the rehearsals, a bear on a motorcycle went beyond the limits of the arena and the gate of the circus and was on the city highway in the stream of cars. She managed to drive three crossroads, at each of which the controllers gave her green light before the filators caught up with her and stopped it. In the evening of the same day, the local police presented the driver's licenses.

Academician Semen Wolfkovich was among the first Soviet chemists who had experienced with phosphorus. Then the necessary precautions have not yet been accepted, and the phosphorus gaseous during the work has soaked clothing. When Wolfkovich returned home around the dark streets, his clothes radiated a bluish glow, and sparks were evicted from under the shoe. Every time he was going to the crowd and accepted a scientist for the otherworldly creature, which led to the dissemination of rumors about the "luminous monk" in Moscow.
In the Soviet Union, a famous manufacturer of rubber slags was the Polymer plant in the town of Slates of the Leningrad Region. Many buyers believed that the word "shale" was crushed on the soles. This is the name of the shoes. Further, the word entered into an active vocabulary and turned into a synonym for the words "slag".
The topic of the Tungusian meteorite was very popular with Soviet science fiction, especially beginners. In the 1980s, the literary magazine "Ural Passion" in the 1980s had to even write a separate item in the requirements for publications: "There are no works in which the secret of the Tungusian meteorite is revealed."
For the manufacture of handicrafts, for which illegal music was recorded, old X-rays were widely used in the USSR. They were called "plates on the bones" or "plates on the ribs". This material cost free - the medical staff even thanked those who helped to unload the archives.
"Will and Mind" - the motto of the Italian fascists. The authors of the Song of the Song of the Aria group did not know about it, as well as did not know the members of the idiotovet, approved the record of the song for the record.
The GAZ-21 car existed many modifications. In 1965, the GAZ-21P model was even released - the export version with the right wheel. And in the same year they made GAZ-21U - the same model with the right steering wheel plus an automatic transmission.

The Sun, ascending from the sea, was depicted on the coat of arms of the Latvian SSR. Only the artist did not consider that the Baltic Sea is west of Latvia. Therefore, the sun could only go to this sea that it was possible to perceive as a symbol of regression instead of progress.
This surname of the Satirik writer Grigory Gorina was unsathed. On the question of the reason for the choice of the pseudonym Gorin, he answered that it was an abbreviation: "Grisha Offshget decided to change the nationality."
At the end of 1991, the New Year's appeal to the people was complete confusion. Gorbachev was formally president of the USSR, but did not solve anything, and Yeltsin was also unable to congratulate for unknown reasons. Mikhail Zadornov, who was the leading "blue light", was suggested the honorable role. Satiri spoke live and so faded, which spoke for a minute longer. For the sake of him detained the battle of the chimes.

To date, many people know that there has once existed such a USSR country, but on this, usually, all knowledge about it and end. Today we share with you interesting and little-known facts about Union Union, which perhaps you never heard.

1. During the blockade of Leningrad in World War II, a group of Soviet scientists gathered seeds and put them in the Hermitage basement to protect the world's largest seed bank. They refused to eat them, and by the end of the siege in the spring of 1944, nine of them died of hunger.

2. In Soviet Russia, some prisoners who were afraid of their lives made themselves tattoos of Lenin or Stalin (or both of them) on the chest or on other parts of the body, because the guards were not allowed to shoot on images of their national leaders.

3. Vladimir Demikhov was a Soviet scientist and one of the founders of organ transplantation. This scientist created at least twenty double-headed animals in his desire to improve the art of transplantation. The work of Demikhov was an attempt to understand how damaged organs can be replaced, or how to create artificial substitutes. Although he is best remembered as the creator of the first "double-headed dog" in 1959, his research eventually became major in the transplantation of bodies after forty years.

4. Have ever heard of "colorless coca-cola", an alternative version of Coca-Cola, released in the 1940s at the request of Marshal Soviet Union George Zhukov? The original brown drink was represented by Marshal by the Supreme Commander-in-Chief Allied Forces in Europe - Dwight Eisenhower, who adored Coca Cola. Thus, Zhukov asked to make a colorless Coca-Cola, which would love vodka, because he was ashamed to publicly drink the famous American drink.

5. The Soviet Union issued one of the most famous video games in history: Tetris. Tetris was created by the Russian programmer Alexei Pasityov in 1984. He got his name from the Greek numerical prefix Tetra- (all parts of the game contain four segments) and tennis, favorite sport of Pasytov. The game was released in the West two years later, and almost 200 million copies were sold, which made it one of the best-selling games.

6. Have you ever heard the term "styles"? Typical styles were members of the youth counterculture from the late 1940s before the early 1960s in the Soviet Union, which listened to Western music and dressed as Americans or Western Europeans. Western media often called them by Soviet Hipsters.

7. The adventures of Sherlock Holmes were prohibited in the Soviet Union in 1929 due to references in the book on the "Okkultism", but the book has gained popularity in the black market along with other prohibited books, and the restriction was abolished in 1940.

8. The Soviet Union first participated in the Olympic Games in 1952. He earned medals in six of the nine speeches on summer games and seven of nine in winter games. Soviet athletes won the striking 1204 medals (among which 473 golden) only eighteen participants and still remain the statistically most dominant country in the modern history of the Olympians.

9. In Soviet cinemas, the film "Breaks of Angel" was constantly circling, to show how poor there were people in the West during capitalism, but later it stopped showing, because citizens were surprised that even the poorest Americans could afford the car.

10. Clips in Soviet passports have always left rust prints on turn, while the United States documents used stainless steel. According to the KGB files, hundreds of American agents were caught, because their fake "Soviet" passports were stainless steel clips.