Message on the topic: "The image of Sergius of Radonezh in art. The image of Rev. Sergius of Radonezh in icon-painted sources

St. Sergius was born more than six hundred years ago, more than five hundred. His calm, clean and holy life filled themselves almost a century. Looking into it with a modest boy of Bartholomeum, he left one of the greatest glory of Russia.

As saint, Sergius is equally large for any. The feat is perhaps it. But for Russian in it, there is just an exciting: deep consonance of people, great typical - a combination in one scattered trafficking of Russians. Hence the special love and worship of him in Russia, silent canonization in the folk saint, which is unlikely to fall out to another. Sergius lived in the time of Tatarschin. Personally, she did not touch him: the forests of Radonezh were covered. But he was not indifferent to Tatarschin. Hermit, he calmly, as he did in life, raised his cross for Russia and blessed Dimitri Donskoy on that battle, Kulikovskaya, which for us will adopt a symbolic, mysterious shade for us. In the fight of Russia with Khan, the name of Sergius is forever connected with the case of the creation of Russia.

Yes, Sergius was not only a contemplator, but also the Decorator. The right thing, that's how I understood his five centuries. All who were in the laurel, worshiping the relics of the presence, always felt the image of the greatest positiveness, simplicity, truth, holiness resting here. Life "Besalna" without a hero. The heroic spirit of the Middle Ages, which threatened so much holiness, gave his brilliant manifestation here.

The author seemed that now the experience is especially appropriate - very modest - again, in the measure of the forces, to restore the knowledge of the great saint in mind and tell you who do not know the dear and the life of the great saint and spend the reader through that special, and the country where he lives, where he shines with a non-worn star from.

We look at his life.

Paris, 1924

SPRING

Childhood Sergius, in the parent house, for us in the fog. Yet the overall certain spirit can be caught from the epiphany reports, the student of Sergius, his first biograph.

According to the ancient legend, the estate of Parents Sergius, Boyar Rostov Kirill and Mary, was in the vicinity of Rostov Great, on the way to Yaroslavl. Parents, "Boyar Notable", apparently lived simply, there were people quiet, calm, with a strong and serious warehouse of life. Although Kirill has repeatedly accompanied by the princes of Rostov, as a trusted, close person, but he lived himself well. About any luxury, promiscuity of the later landlord and can not speak. Early on the contrary, it is possible to think that homemade life is closer to the peasant: the boy Sergius (and then - Bartholomew) sent over the horses in the field. So he knew how to confuse them and compete. And bringing to some pni, grabbed the bang, bother, with a triumph of a dog to drive home. Perhaps he chased them and in the night. And, of course, was not Barchuk.

Parents can be imagined by people by mail and fair, highly religious. It is known that they were especially "wenexious." Helped the poor and willingly took the wanderers. Probably, in a siny life of the wanderers - then the beginning of the seeker, dreamily opposed ordinaryness, which also played the role in the fate of the Bartholomew.

There are fluctuations in the year of the birth of holy: 1314-1322. The live behavior is deaf, says contradictory about it.

Be that as it may, it is known that on May 3, Mary had a son. The priest gave him the name of the Bartholomew, on the day of the celebration of this saint.

A special shade, distinguishing him, lies with the child from early childhood.

Seven years old, Varfolomery gave learn, in church school, together with Brother Stefan. Stefan learned well. Bartholomew science was not given. As later, Sergius, the little warfolomes are very stubborn and tries, but there is no success. He is sad. Teacher sometimes punishes him. Comrades laughs and parents are darling. Bartholomew cries lonely, but not moving forward.

And so, the rustic picture, so close and so clear after six hundred years! They wandered somewhere foals and disappeared. Father sent the Bartholomew to search for them, probably, the boy is not the time of Tataris. Personally, she did not touch him: she was covered so, in the fields, in the forest, perhaps, at the coastal of Lake Rostovsky and clicked them, patted his beat, dragging the halter. With all the love of Bartholomew to loneliness, nature and with all his dreaminess, he, of course, conscientiously performed every case - this feature marked his whole life.

Now he is very depressed failures - I found not what I was looking for. Under the oak met the "Elder of the Chernorris, Sanzan Presser". Obviously, the old man understood him.

What do you need, boy?

Bartholomews through the tears spoke about his grievances and asked to pray that God would help him defeat diploma.

And under the same oak was the elder on prayer. Next to it, warfolomes - over the shoulder of the halter. After graduating, the stranger took out of the sinuses of the cozer, took a particle of prosphora, blessed with her Bartholomew and ordered to eat.

It is given to you in grace and for understanding.

Scripture. From now on, we will master the diploma better than brothers and comrades.

What they talk on, we do not know. But Bartholomew invited the elder home. Parents accepted him well as usually wanderers. The elder called the boy in a prayer and told Psalms. The child was discognizable inappropriate. But the visitor himself gave the book, repeating the order.

And the guests fed, at dinner they told about signs over the son. The elder again confirmed that now Bartholomew will be well understood by St. Scripture and overcome reading. Then he added: "The tags will once be the inhabitant of the Troins; he will lead to the understanding of the Divine Commandments."

From this time, warfolomes moved, read any book without knocking, and the epiphany claims - even overtook comrades.

In history with his teaching, failures and unexpected, mysterious success in the boy, some features of Sergius are visible: a sign of modesty, humility is that the future holy could not naturally learn literacy. The ordinary brother His Stephen read better than he, he was more punished than the ordinary students. Although the biographer says that Bartholomew overtakes peers, but all life of Sergius indicates that his power is not in the ability to science: in this, he did not create anything. Perhaps even the epiphanies, a person educated and traveling a lot on St. Places that wrote lives of SVV. Sergius and Stephen Perm, was higher him as a writer as a scientist. But the immediate connection, living, with God, marked very early in a long-scale warphathy. There are people, outwardly so brilliantly gifted, - often the truth is closed for them. Sergius, it seems, belonged to those who are tightly given hard, and mediocrity will overtake them - but the extraordinary revealed entirely. Their genius in the other area.

And the genius of the boy Bartholomew led him with a different way, where the science is less needed: already to the threshold of youth, the hermit, the postnik, the ink was brightly fascinated. He loves the service, the church, reading the sacred books. And surprisingly serious. This is not a child.

The main thing: he is his own. Not therefore diverged that among the pious lives. He is ahead of others. He is leading - calling. No one forces to Askhetism - he becomes ascetic and the Wednesday, Friday, eats bread, drinks water, and he always is a quiet, silent, in the severity of gentle, but with some seal. Dressed modestly. If the poor man meets, gives the latter.

Relationships with relatives are remarkable. Of course, the mother (and maybe the father) had long felt special in it. But it seemed that he was too extended. She caresses him not to rape himself. He objects. Maybe because of his darisions, there was also disagreements, reproaches (only an assumption), but what a sense of measure! The son remains precisely the obedient son, the lives emphasize this, and the facts confirm. Found a warrior harmonicity, at which he was, not perverting the appearance, but also without breaking with the same, obviously, clear parents. It did not have ecstasy, as in Francis as aussisk. If he was blissful, then in Russian soil it meant b: Yurior. But it is obstructive to him alone. Living, he is with life, with his family, the spirit of his native home and was considered, as the family was considered with him. Because it is not applicable to the fate of flight and break.

And in part, over the years of adolescence, early adolescence, it accumulated in it, of course, the desire to leave the world of the lowest and medium to the world's world, the world of unlaced contemplation and a common directly with God.

This should be realized in other places, not where childhood passed.

Speech

It is difficult to say at all when the human life was easier. You can make a mistake, calling bright periods, but in dark, it seems, you will not make errors. And without risk, we will argue that the age of the fourteenth, the times of Tatarschinsky, lay down the stone on the heart of the people.

True, the terrible invasions of the thirteenth century ceased. Khan won, ruled. Relative silence. And yet: tribute, backers, unrequitution and the permissibility, even before Tatar merchants, even before the Mongolian rods, not to mention the authorities. And just that - the punitive expedition: "Even to Raint Akhmulov to be", "Great Raint Turalykov", - which means: atrocities, violence, robbery and blood.

But in Russia itself, the process was painful and difficult: "Gathering the Earth." Not very clean hands "collected" Russian Earth Yuri and Ivan (Kalita) Danilovichi. Deep sadness of history, self-excursion of rapists - "all on the blood!". I understood or not Yuri, when with him in Horde, the month was drove under the Yarma of his opponent, Mikhail Tver, what does the case of history, or Kalita, treacherously, Alexander Mikhailovich? "High politics", or simply "raised" the Moscow wrapper - in any case, he was not shy in the means. History for them. After a hundred years, Moscow was unshakable climbed over a defendant, Tatars broke and created Russia.

And in the time of Sergius, the picture turned out, for example, this: Ivan Danilych gives two daughters - one for Vasily Yaroslavsky, another - for Konstantin Rostov, - and now Yaroslavl, and Rostov fall in Moscow. "Gorky then became the city of Rostov, and especially his princes. They had any power and estate, they had the honor of them and glory were singing to Moscow."

In Rostov, a governor, a certain Vasily Kochyev arrived, "and with him another, named Mina." Muscovites did not stop before. "They began to act full of flasher, sought residents, so many Rostovtsi were forced to give Muscovites to their property inevitably, for which only insults and beatings received and retells to extreme poverty. It's hard and retell everything that they suffered: the audacity of the Moscow governor reached that they hung down the head of the Rostov Grador's head, the elderly Boyarina Averkiya ... And left for the crust. So they did not only in Rostov, but in all the volatiles and the villages of him. People Ropal, worried and complained. They said ... that Moscow is tyrant " .

So, they ruined and others, and their own. The parents of the Bartholomew apparently came under double action, and if Kirill was spent on a trip to the Horde with Prince (and they were treated for trips so that, leaving, left the houses of the will), if they suffered from "Turakova Great Rati", then, of course, mines And nomads were also good. At the old age, Cyril was completely ruined and only he dreamed, where to get out of the Rostov region.

He came out to the settler in the village of Radonezh, at 12 faith. From the Trinity Sergius Lavra. The village of Radonezh went to his son Kalita, Andrei, and behind the youngster of his Kalita set there in the governor of the terenity of the mouth. Wanting to populate wild and wooded edge, Terente gave immigrants from other principalities of the benefits, which attracted many. (Epiphany mentions the thick names of Rostovtsev: Motassy, \u200b\u200bJohn Tormasov, Techy, and Onyim, etc.).

Kirill received the estate in Radonezh, but he could no longer serve in old age. He was noticed by Son Stefan, married back in Rostov. The younger son of Cyril Peter also married. Bartholomew continued her former life, only urgently asked for a monastery. If His soul always was noted in a special way in prayer, God and solitude, it is possible to think that the huge view of life, her violence, inappropriate and ferocity strongly strengthened him in the thoughts on the care of inocure. It is possible that the thoughtful warfolomes, seeking to leave, and felt that it starts a big one. But did it clearly imagine that the feat's conceived is not one soul concern? What, going to the bears of Radonezh, does he acquire some kind of support for the impact on a pathetic and mercenary world? What, refusing it from him, begins the long-lasting long-term work of enlightenment, adding the world of this? Perhaps hardly. He was too modest, too immersed in common with God.

In the very history of the departure, a smooth and peaceful spirit of Bartholomew appeared brightly.

Father asked him to hurry.

We became old, weak; To serve us no one; Your brothers have a lot of concerns about their families. We rejoice that you try to please the Lord. But your good part does not take away, only wage us a little, until God takes us from here; Here, we spend us in the grave, and then no one will commend you.

Bartholomew listened. St. Francis left, of course, smoked the dust from all everyday, in bright ecstasy would rusually be in tears and prayers of the feat. Bartholomew respiracted. Waited.

What would he do if this position had been delayed for a long time? Probably not to stay. But, undoubtedly, somehow with dignity would have made his parents and would be removed without a rebellion. Its type is different. And responding to the type, the fate, naturally, and simply, without pressure, without pain: Parents themselves went to the monastery (Khotkovsky, in three versts from Radoneja; he consisted of male and female). Wife died at Stephen, he also took monasticism, in the same Khotkov. And then the parents died. Bartholomew could freely implement the idea.

He did it. True, nevertheless was tied to the family: And at this hour, the last stay in peace, I remembered Peter, my brother, the property remained. He himself went to Khotkov, to Stephan. As if I did not want to act and here without approving the elder. Stephen convinced, and together they moved from Khotkov in the near-forest forests.

The forests were enough. It was worth wishing, and anywhere could be put in a hut, dig a cave and get settled. Not all the land belonged to individuals. If several deserters gathered and it was necessary to put the church, firmly agreed, then the permissions of the prince and the blessing from the local saint. The church was sanctified - and the abode arose.

Wartholomew and Stephen chose a place in ten versts from Khotkov. A small area, grieving like a poppy, later and called the car. (Rev. Says about himself: "Az Esm Sergie Makovskaya.") From all sides, the Makovitsa is surrounded by forest, age-old pines and freshers. A place that hit the greatness and beauty. The chronicle claims that in general this is a special hillock: "I will verb in the same as an ancient, seeing on the place before the light, and the inland of the fire, and the inland fragrance of hearing."

Here the brothers settled. They folded from the branches of the chalash ("First of themselves, the coordinator of the odrilation hise and covers Yu"), then cut down Keliyk and "Church". How did they do it? Did you know carpentry? Probably here, on the Makovice, inviting a carpenter from the side, and learned to chop out the "in the paw". In accuracy, we do not know that. But in the Mobility of Sergius, this is a carpentry of Russian and this "paw" is very multi-meaningful. In pine forests, he increased, learned the craft, after a century he retained the appearance of a carpenter-saint, a tireless builder of Seine, churches, keels, and in his adolescence of his holiness so obvious fragrance of pine chips. Truly Rev. Sergius could be considered the patron saint of this Great Russian craft.

As careful and leisurely warfolomes in the fulfillment of a long-time intention, it is also modest and in the matter of the church. How will you call it? He refers to Stephan. Stephen remembered the words of the mysterious elder who was met under the oak: the church should be in the name of St. Trinity. Bartholomew took it. So the case of his life, such a balanced-deceased, adopted the patronage of the trinity, deeply internally balanced the idea of \u200b\u200bChristianity. Next, we will see that Sergius had the cult of Our Lady. But still, in the deserts of Radonja, not the recent, and not Christ, but the Trinity led the saint.

Metropolitan Feoganost, to which they went, they were walking, to Moscow, blessed them and sent the priests with antimony and the relics of martyrs - the church was consecrated. The brothers continued to live on their Makovita. But their lives did not quite fit. The junior turned out to be stronger and spiritual senior. Stefan had difficult. Maybe he generally went to the monks under the influence of his wife's death. Perhaps (and almost probably) - he has a hard character. Be that as it may, Stefan could not stand the harsh and truly "deserted" life. After all, the privacy is utter! Barely get the necessary. They drank water, ate bread that brought them, at times, probably Peter, even to go to them is not easy - there was no roads and there was no path.

And Stephen left. To Moscow, to the Epiphany Monastery, where they lived easier. Bartholomew continued its midnight feat.

HERMIT

Not far from the desert, Hegumen-old man Mitrofan, whom Bartholomew, apparently knew earlier. In the chronicle, there is a mention that Bartholomew "For a lunch, I urge a certain chuskozhnogo nastya San San or Hegumen of the Elder, and the Lyuturgi's Lyurgy." Perhaps the Igumen Mitrofan and came to him for this. Once he asked Hegumen to live with him in the cells for a while. That remained. And then the hermit opened his desire to become ink. Asked for a tonsure.

Igumen Mitrofan of the 7th Oct. Towing a young man, on this day the church, celebrates SVV. Sergius and Vakha, and Bartholomews in the monasticist became Sergius - perceived the name under which he switched to history.

Having committed a rite of tensions, Mitrofan joined Sergius St. Secrets. Then he stayed for a week in the cheese. Each day I made a liturgy, seven days did not leaving him in the "church" myself, I prayed, did not "taste" anything, except for the prosphora, which Mitrofan gave. Always such hardworking, now Sergius, so as not to have fun, stopped any "divide". His mouth did not come up with psalms and spiritual songs. And when the time came, Mitrofan leave, asked his blessings to life deserted.

You are already leaving and leave me alone. For a long time I wanted to retire and always asked about the Lord, remembering the word of the Prophet: I deleted with a running, and climbed in the desert. Bless me, humble, and pray for my privacy.

Hegumen supported him and reassured how much he could. And the young monk one stayed among the gloomy their forests.

You can think that this is the most difficult time for him. The millennial experience of monasticism established that the most severe, internally, the first months of the wilderness. Asceticism is not easily absorbed. There is a whole science of spiritual self-education, the strategy of the struggle for the organizedness of the human soul, for bringing it from the multirud and fury in a strict canon. Ascetic feat - smoothing, straightening the soul to a single vertical. In such a look, she will easily connect with the origin, the current of the Divine is unhindered on it. They talk about the thermal conductivity of physical bodies. Why not call the duffer than the quality of the soul, which gives sense God, connects with him. In addition to elect, grace, here is culture, discipline. Apparently, even nature, like Sergius, previously prepared, is not so soon in the direction and experience deeply. They are called temptations.

If a person is so sharply strained up, so subordinates the motion of his lines of God, it is subject to both attaching, and decay, fatigue. God is power, the devil is weakness. God is a convex, the devil is concave. Askets who have not found more measures, there are drops, longing, despair. Weakening imagination flows into a concaveness. Simple, vitality seems seductive. The spiritual ideal is unattainable. Wrestling hopeless. The world, wealth, glory, a woman ... and for a tired Mirage, arise.

Hermits passed through it all. St. Vasily Great, the leader of monastics, left the instrument of deserts in the fight with the weaknesses. This is a continuous training of the Spirit, - reading the Word of God and the Life of the Saints, Meltingly thinking about your thoughts and desires for the day (Examen de Conscience of Catholics), Thoughts about death, post, prayer, to upbringing feelings that God looks continuously at you, etc.

St. Sergius knew and enjoyed the instructions of the Caesarian bishop, but still underwent terrible and painful visions. The life behaviser speaks about it. There were foremost images of animals and nasty reptiles. Run to him with a whistle, the crossed of the teeth. One night, according to the story of Reverend, when in the "Church" he "sang in the morning", after Satan himself, the Satan himself entered, with him a whole "regiment demonic". Demons were all in pointed hats, on the manner of Lithuanians. They drove it away, threatened, fell. He prayed. ("God will resurrect, and yes the gazes of him".) The demons disappeared.

Another time Kelia was filled with snakes - even the floor they closed. Outside, there was noise, and the "demonic hordes" as if swept through the forest. He heard screams: "Go away! Why did you come to this wilderness to this wilderness, what do you want to find here? No, do not hope to live here: you don't have an hour here; you see, the place is empty and impassable; how not you are afraid to die here With hunger or die from the hands of robbers? "

Apparently, most of all was sophisticated by the sophistication of fear, in ancient, cute-naive language: "Insurance". As if weakness, where he fell, thrown by brother, was: doubt and uncertainty, feeling of longing and loneliness. Will it stand in the Grozny Forest, in the wretched cheese? Scary, probably, were autumn and winter blizzards on his makovita! After all, Stephen could not stand. But not Sergius. He is stubborn, patient, and he is "Bogolyev." Cool and transparent spirit. And with him Divine help, like feedback on grade. He overcomes.

Other temptations of the deserts seemed to have passed him at all. St. Anthony in Fivaid suffered a tomrethere of solvents, the temptation of "yokes and pete". Alexandria, luxury, Egypt, and the blood of the south little in general have with Fianaida North. Sergius was always moderate, simple and restrained, did not see luxury, promiscuity, "charms of the world". The saint-carpenter Radonezh is fenced from a lot of its country and sinny childhood. It should be thought that in general the deserted art was easier for him than he was given to others. Perhaps protected and natural calm, inadvertentance, uncomfortable. It has nothing resolutely painful. The full spirit of St. Trinity led him dry, lonely clean, among the fragrance of the pines and Elias of Radonja.

So he lived, full of loneliness, for a while. Epiphany does not vouch for accuracy. He simply and charming he says: "I will have a single unity in the desert or two years, or more or less, the god of the news." There are no external events. Spiritual growth and ripening, the new challenge before the new, no less holy, but complicated by the life of the monastery and further - the elder, to whose voice will listen to Russia. Perhaps visiting rare and liturgies in "Church". Prayers, work on the garden of cabbage and the life of the forest around: He did not preach like Francis, birds and did not add a wolf from Gubbio, but, in the Nikonovsky chronicle, he had a friend of Forest. Sergius saw a huge bear at the cells, weak from hunger. And regretted. Brought the scratch of bread from the kesels, filed - with nurses, it was like parents, "strangeness". The shaggy wanderer ate peacefully. Then he began to visit him. Sergius always served. And the bear became manual.

But however, no loners were reverend at this time, rumors about his deserted walked. And here they began to appear, asking for to take to themselves, to escape together. Sergius discouraged. Pointed to the difficulty of life, on deprivation, with it related. The example of Stephen was still alive for him. Still - gave way. And he accepted several: the elderly, with the ridges of the river Dubna Vasily dry. Agricultum Yakova, brethren called his Yakut; He served like empty. However, they rarely sent him, in extremes: they tried to do everything themselves. More: Onyim, Deacon, and Elisha, Father and Son, Countrywood Sergius, from the Rostov Earth. Sylvester Obnorsky, Methodius Peshnoshsky, Andronik.

Built twelve koles. Received to protect against animals. Onisima, whose Kelia was at the gate, Sergius put the goalkeeper. Keli stood under huge pines, firings. Stunched stumps just cutted trees. Between them bred his brachia her humble garden.

They live quietly and severely. Sergius filed an example. Kehey himself, buried the logs, wrapped the water in two waterpaths to the mountain, Molol manpowders, the pitch of bread, cooked food, Croil and sewed clothes, shoes, was, in the epiphany, for all "as a bought slave". And probably, it was now excellent. In the summer and winter went in the same clothes, nor frost took him nor angry. Bodyly, despite the scant food (bread and water), was very strong, "there was a power of two people."

Was the first and services. Services began at midnight (midnight), then walked in the morning, the third, sixth and ninth hour. In the evening - evening. In the intervals, frequent "prayers" and prayer in the cheeses, work in the gardens, sewing clothes, rewriting books and even iconography. Liturgy was invited to serve a priest from the neighboring village, and Mitrofan came, having tonsured Sergius at one time. Later, he also entered the brethren - was the first hegumen. But he lived for a short time, soon died.

So from the secluded desert, the prayer room, the contemplate grew in Sergia and the figure. Hegumen he was not yet and the priesthood did not have. But this is already the abbot of the small community, the apostolic in the number of keels, the apostolic in the spirit of the first christening simplicity and poverty and for the role of historical, which he shoulded to play in the distribution of monastics.

Igumen

So walked years. The community lived indisputably under the start of Sergius. He led the line clear, although not so harsh and less formalistic than, for example, Feodosia Kiev-Pechersky, who put the subordination to himself the basis. Feodosia demanded the exact execution of orders. But Feodosia, who did not shoot the Ownik, putting himself at eaten mosquitoes and midges, was and in a ascetic feet passingly - this is again another look. The life and arrangement of Sergius was done almost by itself, without apparently. Sometimes, as in history with igment, as if even against his will.

The monastery of Ros, complex and had to take free. Brathy wanted Sergius to be igumen. And he refused.

The desire of igument, "said, - there is the beginning and root of the power.

But the brotherhood insisted. Several times "started" the elders, persuaded, convinced. Sergius after all founded the desert, he himself built a church; To whom to be igumen, to make a liturgy.

(Until now, I had to invite a priest from the side. And in the ancient monasteries, Igor was usually the priest.)

The insistence passed almost in the threat: Brathy stated that, if there is no igumen, everything will be dispersed. Then Sergius, conducting the usual sense of measure, gave way, but also relatively.

I wish, - said, - It is better to learn, rather than learning; It is better to obey, rather than boss; But I'm afraid of the court of God; I do not know anything to God; Holy Will of the Lord will be!

And he decided not to stop - transfer the case at the discretion of the church power.

Metropolitan Alexy at that time was not in Moscow Sergius with the two oldest from the brethren went on foot to his deputy, Bishop Athanasia, in Pereslavl-Zalessky.

He came to the saint early in the morning, before the liturgy, fell on his knee and asked for a blessing. In the century, when the saints went on foot and when it was unlikely to travel to the laurence, when the bishop was probably handed over to the bishop, it was little surprised that the bishop asked a modest monk dusty, in the mud who he.

Nevertheless, the name Sergius was known. He was without hesitation commanded to adopt his needle. Sergius could not refuse. Everything happened simply in the spirit of the time. At once went to the church with their clergymen immediately, he died, ordered Sergia out loud to say the symbol of faith and, asking the cross, put in Ipodiakon. For Liturgy, Sergius was erected in Ierodicone. The priesthood received the other day. And even on the next - he himself served as Liturgy, the first time in his life. When she ended, the Bishop of Athanasius said a prayer over him, believing in Hegumen. Then, after the conversation in Kheei, let go.

And Sergius returned, with a clear instruction from the church - to raise, lead his deserted family. He did it. But my own life, in needle, did not change anything: it also continued to be a "bought slave" for brethren. Candle himself rolled, cooked by Kutu, prepared prosphoras, worsled wheat for them.

In the fifties, Archimandrite Simon came to him from the Smolensk region, he having heard about his holy life. Simon - the first brought to the monastery and means. They allowed to build a new, more extensive church of St. Trinity.

Since then, the number of novices will grow. Keli began to put in some order. Sergius's activities have won. The liturgical charter of Theodore Studit was introduced, the same as once in the Kiev-Pechersk Lavra

Sergius did not immediately. I observed, I studied the very spiritual development of the arrived. "Orders," says Epiphany, - put on the aliens in a long scroll, black cloth and tells any obedience, together with other brethren, until he comes up with the entire charter of monastic; then sends him to the monastic clothing; and only after the test He will hold up into the mantle and give hood. And when he saw that who was already experienced in the spiritual feat, he was already honored with St. Schima. "

Despite the construction of a new church, an increase in the number of monks, the monastery is all strict and poor. This type is still "special". Everyone exists on its own, there is no common meal, pantry, barn. Undoubtedly, something from the property appeared - for example, the arch. Simona, at the reboot, etc. Before the time, Sergius did not forbid it. But the brand's spiritual life was observed intently and led her. First, he was a confessor - he was confessed. He determined the measure of obedience according to the forces and abilities of each. This is an internal communication. But followed by external discipline. It was supposed that in her cheels Inok spends time or for prayer, or for thinking about his sins, conducting behavior, or for reading St. Books, rewriting them, icon painting - but not in conversations.

In the evenings, sometimes even at night, having graduated from their prayers, the Monk managed to chew and looked into the "Volokovy" window. If I found the monks together, I pounded them with a palcot in the window, and the wrong thing called to myself, "exhorted." Acted calmly and not assisted, most likely trying to convince. But sometimes it hosted the pen. In general, apparently, he had a gift to maintain a beneficial and high spirit just charm of the appearance. Probably like an igumen, he inspired not fear, and then the feeling of worship, inner respect, in which heavily conscious of herself wrong next to the righteous.

The diligence of the boy and young men Bartholomew remained unchanged in Igumen. According to the famous Testament AP. Paul, he demanded from the inkom of labor and forbade them to go beyond the alms. In this sharp difference from St. Francis. The blissful of Assisi did not feel the earth. He flew all the closer life, in bright ecstasy, above the ground, but flew "in people", with the preaching of the apostolic and Christ, closer to all approaching the image of Christ himself. Therefore, I could not, in essence, nothing to establish anything on Earth (otherwise established for him). And work, then hardworking, which is the root of attachments, is insignificant for him.

On the contrary, Sergius was not a preacher, neither he and neither his disciples wandered him on the Great Russian Umbria with the flames of speech and with a circle for the alms. He calmly spent fifty years in the depths of the forests, teach himself, "quiet doing", but not direct missionary. And in this "doing", along with a discipline, a spiritual role was played by the black work, without which he would die, and the monastery of him. St. Sergius, the Orthodox in the deepest way, put on the Western culture in some sense (work, order, discipline) in Radonezh forests, and St. Francis, born in the country of transditional culture, no matter how rising it.

So Sergiyev Resident continued to be the poorest. Often, lacked and necessary: \u200b\u200bWines for committing a liturgy, wax for candles, lamp oil, for rewriting books, not just parchment, but also a simple harata. Liturgy was sometimes postponed. Instead of candles - Luchin. The image of the northern, life of ancient, but almost before us: the Russian hut with the rachin from childhood is familiar to us and the hard recent years came to life. But in the Sergius desert at a cod, Sopot Lucin read, sang the books of higher holiness, surrounded by the holy poverty that Francis himself would not feed. The books rewrite on Berestov - this, of course, did not know anyone in Italy Blyno-Light. The laurer still has a poor wooden bowl and discos, which served in liturgy, and the refuge - from coarse painted with blue crosses. Food is very bad. Often there was no handful of flour, nor bread, nor salt, not to mention the seasonings - oil, etc.

The following two stories depict the material situation of the monastery and the role of IHUMEN - right, unthinkable for the West.

In one of the difficult bands, Sergius, hung up three days, took the ax and went to Kelia to someone's Daniel.

Starmer, I heard that you want to attach yourself a sense to the kesels. Tell me this work so that my hands are not without a business.

True, Daniel answered, - I would really like to build them; I have already been prepared for work, and here we will wait for a carpenter from the village. How do you charge this case? Perhaps you will ask me expensive.

This work will not be expensive to you, "Sergius said to him," I want rotten bread, and you have it; More this is not required with you. Don't you know that I can work not worse than a carpenter? Why do you call another carpenter?

Then Daniel ruled him with slices of rotten bread ("shelter her decisions of rotten prime ministers"), who he himself could not eat, and said: That's if you want, take everything that is there, but no more letters.

Well, this is pretty for me; Sign up to the ninth hour: I do not take the work fee before.

And, firmly tightening himself a belt, began to work. Until late in the evening, sawed, Tesl, poured poles and graduated from the construction. The old man of Daniel again made him rotten pieces of bread as an agreed fee for the work of a whole day. Only then Sergius poked.

So, the igumen, the confessor and driver of the souls in his personal business turned out to be the last, a little more than a bought slave. The old man of Daniel begins with the fact that it fears, as if Sergius did not "take too expensive." Why did he decide that Sergius will be expensive? Why did Igumen worry on him all day? Why not just shared his bread? (I didn't even "shared"; it was said that he himself could not eat this bread.) Does this not indicate that through the upbringing and the impact of the independent in individual inquins the most common, life, to worried and calculation? The elder who came to Sergia to confession, for the soul and piety of which he watches, considers it right to pay him for the work of a whole day with unsuitable bread - a carpenter from the village to him and would not touch him. And Sergius, obviously, highlights the activity of spiritual, promotable, from everyday relations. Modesty - the quality of its ever. Here is a brilliant manifestation of it.

Another story is also connected with the poverty of the monastery, the power of faith, patience, the restraint of Sergius himself next to the greater weakness of some of the brethren.

In one of the attacks in the abode there were dissatisfied. We walked two days - snapped.

Here, "said St. Inok from the face of everyone," we looked at you and were listening, and now you have to die with hunger, because you forbid us to go to the world to ask the alms. We will not be afraid of a day, and tomorrow we will leave everything from here and no longer refund: we are no power to make such a poverty, such rotten breads.

Sergius turned to the brethren with the guarantee. But he did not have time to cum him, as the knock was heard in the monastery gate; The gatekeeper saw in the window that they brought a lot of bread. He himself was very hungry, but still ran to Sergia.

Father, brought many breads, bless to accept. Here, according to your holy prayers, they at the gate.

Sergius blessed, and several carts loaded with baked bread, fishes and varying scenes drove into the monastic gate. Sergius was pleased, said:

Well, you are accurates, fed our feeders, call them to divide the common meal.

I ordered to hit the beat, everyone to go to the church, serve thank thank youth. And only after the prayer was blessed to sit behind the meal. Breads were warm, soft, just just from the stove.

Where is the brother that ropal on moldy breads? - I asked the Rev. For Trapese. - Let them go and try, what food sent us to us.

Asked about where they brought. He was answered: according to the Warms, this is the gift of an unknown donor. And the rams must go further, do not have time to stay. And they already left.

The case with bread, who arrived so on time, remained in memory of the brethren and moved to life as a manifestation of fishery that supported Reverend in a difficult moment. We also bring it close to his wonders.

Sv. Sergian Wonderworker and Mentor

You can talk like this: God, especially supports, hesitates and stands up for a person, the more man is fixed to him, he loves, honor and flames, the higher his duffer conductivity. Feeling the effect of this fishery maybe just a believer, not holy. The miracle, violation of the "natural order" (external, thin film, where everything is committed according to the rules and under which, deeper, boils the kingdom of the spiritual forces) - the miracle "just mortal" is not given (as not given to him and true visions). The miracle is a holiday, igniting weekdays, answer to love. Miracle - the victory of super-algebra, super-metheometrics over the algebra and geometry of the school. The entry of wonderful on weekdays does not mean that the laws Budy are false. They are not only unique. What we call "wonderful" - completely "naturally" for the world of the highest, wonderful only for us living on weekdays and consider that, except Budy, nothing. For mollusc, it would be miraculously to hear the music of Beethoven, for a person in a sense, a miracle - a droplet of water under a microscope (not visible with a simple eye!), The vision of the future and physically invisible, and, the most important miracle, the least acceptable - instant cancellation of our Little Law: Resurrection by of death. This, of course, the greatest storm of love, bursting from there, on the call of love, which goes from here.

Even prep. Sergius, in the early strip of mobility, did not have visions, did not work wonders. Only a long, difficult path of self-education, asceticism, self-removal leads it to miracles and to those bright visions, which are marvelousness. (It is wonderful that frightening visions, horror, stunning young years of hermitage, - not in old age Sergius, when his spirit acquired absolute harmony and enlightenment.) In this respect, as in others, Sergius gives the image of a gradual, clear, internally healthy Movement. This is a continuous, non-scales. Holiness grows in it organically. Savla's path, suddenly felt herself with Paul, is not his way.

Calmly, internally dose, he makes a miracle with a source. It is associated with ordinary, everyday affairs. While the reverend lived alone on his Makovice, the question of water did not confuse him. Was near the monastery a little spring, insufficient for many? Or the spring was not so close and, not confusing Sergius, caused brethrencies of brethren, is unknown. In any case, there was a conversation that wearing water is difficult.

Then Sergius, taking one of the monocities, descended down from the monastery and, finding a small puddle of rainwater, began to pray for her. He prayed to make the Lord to give them water, as once sent her on the prayer of Moses. He squeezed his place with a cross-country sign, and from there scored the key, forming a stream, which brotherhood called the Sergian river. But he forbidden to call him like that.

The second miracle of Sergius belonged to the child. At this time, many have already knew about him as a holy and came with worship and for advice, and most importantly, with their troubles. Epiphany tells how one person brought him a seriously ill child. While he asked Sergius to pray for him and while the reverend was preparing for prayer, the child died. Father fell into despair. Even rooted Sergius: it would be better if the child died at home, and not in the champions of the saint: at least, faith would not have gone away.

And the father came out to cook the grude. And when he returned, Sergius met him with the words:

In vain you embarrassed. Fatings at all and did not die.

The child was now really alive. The father fell to the legs of Sergius. But he began to calm him and even convince that the child was simply in a strong fit, and now he was warmed and moved away. Father Higher thanked the presented for his prayer. But he forbade him to disclose the miracle. I learned this later, claims the bl. Epiphani, from Clacer Ave Sergius. His story and gives the epiphany.

He transmits more seriously ill, who could not sleep and eat three weeks and was healed by St. Sergius, sprinkling with holy water. About the noble one, the tricky, brought from the coast of the Volga, where Slava Sergius was already penetrated. Welject was lucky forn. He did not want to hear about Sergia, he fought, rushed, had to be forced by chains.

Already in front of the sampling, he broke the chains in rage. Creek heard in the monastery. Sergius ordered to hit Biot and brethren to gather to church. Began prayer - about recovery. I gradually began to calm down. Finally, the Monk came to him with a cross. Only painted it, he rushed to the puddle with a scream: "I grief, grieving a terrible flame!"

And recovered. Later, when the reason returned to him, he was asked why he rushed into the water. He replied that he saw the "Great Flame", who came from the Cross and admired him. He wanted to hide in the water.

Such healing, and relief, and wonders widely spread the fame of Sergius. To him, like a sage and saint, people went different provisions - from the princes to the peasants. Let the monastery rose and the monastery, Sergius remained the same simple as the "old man", the meek and deceased comforter, mentor, sometimes a judge.

Life leads two cases when through Sergius, as it were, the powers of punishing.

Near the monastery, rich took away from the poor pig. The victim complained to Sergia. He called the offender and convinced for a long time - returned taken. Rich promised. But at home I regretted and decided not to give. It was winter. A pig he just stabbed, she lay in his crate. Looking, he sees that the entire carcass is eaten by worms.

Another story is about the sudden blindness of the Greek bishop, doubting in Holiness, Sergius, - blindness that struck him as soon as he approached the preventive in the monastery fence. Sergius should have introduced him to his keli. There he admitted his disbelief and asked for intercession. Sergius, praying, healed it.

Probably, such "visitors" and "passages of intercession" were a lot. Undoubtedly, many have just come for the advice, they died in the affairs that tried the soul: everything could not say the epiphanies. He conveys the most memorable.

In general, in a lively soul, the striking is silent to purify and "direction". In our eyes, endless pilgrimages were made in Optina - from Gogol, Tolstoy, Solovyov, with the most complex requests of the soul, to the women - to grant her daughter and how best to live with her husband. And in the revolution and to ordinary priests came to repent of Krasnoarmeys - and in blasphemes, and in murder.

From half of the life of Sergius, he moved to the post of a nationwide teacher, an intercession and an encourar. In his times, "olderism" was not yet. The "elders" in Orthodoxy appeared late, in the XVIII century, with the Basis Velichkovsky. But the most type of "teacher elder" ancient, he goes from Greek monasteries, and in the 15th century known, for example, the teacher elder Philofee Pskovsky.

In later monasteries, the elders stood out into a special discharge - contemplative wise men who keep the tradition of true Orthodoxy, little touched by monastic life.

Sergius was both Igumen, and, as we will see, even a public and politician. But it can also be considered the founder of the oldity.

Hostel and thorns

It was not entirely clear whether Sergius was, in his life, the monastery of his patched villages. Probably not. It is believed to ban the gift he did not do. Forbidden to ask. In the extreme, Franciscan point (the Franciscans themselves could not stand it), apparently, and did not stand. Increable decisions are not at all his spirit. Perhaps he looked that "God gives", it means that you have to take, as he accepted and the carts with bread, fishing from an unknown donor. In any case, it is known that shortly before the death of the reverend one Galich boyar presented the monastery half of the wicker and half of the salt well in salt Galitsky (current soligalic).

The monastery did not need now, as before. And Sergius was still simple - poor, pension and indifferent to the benefits, as it remained to the very death. Neither the power nor different "differences" did not occupy him at all. But this he did not emphasize. How surprisingly naturally and imperceptibly everything in it! Separate five hundred years. Oh, if you see him, hear. I think he would not immediately and did not hit. A quiet voice, quiet movement, the face of the late, holy carpenter of Great Russian. Such he even on the icon - through the whole environment - the image of a unaware and charming in the implanation of his landscape of the Russian, Russian soul. In it, our rye and cornflowers, birch and the mirror of waters, swallows and crosses and not comparable to nothing fragrance of Russia. All - erected to marginal light, clean.

For a long time who lived with him, the elders said to the epiphany, that never the reverend did not wear new clothes, but "a semidic fabric of a simple sheep wool, and, moreover, the old, which, as unfit, others refused to wear." Most often awesome clothes. "Once he did not happen good cloth in his monastery; there was one half, rotten, some kind of peddy (" peleving ") and poorly woven. None of the brethren wanted to use it: one passed the other, and so it went to seven people. But Ave. Sergius took her, lean out of her and put on it, did not want to part. " A year later she fell apart at all.

It is clear that it was not difficult to take it for the last of the monastic novices.

I cite almost literally the story of the Epiphany. He simply paints the Holy in the monastery. Many came from published to just look at the reverend. I wished to see him and one simple farmer. At the entrance to the monastery fence, he began to ask for a brotherhood: where to see their glorious hegumen? And the reverend was working at this time in the garden, revenge the intercession of the land under vegetables.

Wait a little while he comes out from there, - answered Inaks.

The peasant looked into the garden through the hole of the fence and saw the elder in the paid clothes, which worked on the bed. He did not believe that this modest old man is that Sergius, to which he walked. And again began to pester to breeds, demanding that heegumen showed him. - I from afar came here to see him, I have an important thing before it. "We have already pointed out to you," answered Inaka. "If you do not believe, ask him."

The peasant decided to wait at the wicket. When Sergius Avened, Inka was said to the peasant:

So he is who you need. The visitor turned away in chagrin.

I came from afar to look at the prophet, and you show some kind of beggar! But I did not live to such a madness to consider this wretched old man for the famous Sergius.

Inki offended. Only the presence of the Rev. prevented them to drive it out. But Sergius himself went to meet him, bowed to the earth, kissed. Then he led for meals. The peasant expressed his sadness; I did not have to see hegumen.

Not grief, brother, - comforted his reverend, - God so merciful to the place of this, that no one comes out of here. And he will soon show who you are looking for.

At this time, the prince came to the monastery with a foam boyar. The reverend fell towards him. The arrivals pushed the peasant and from Prince, and from Hegumen. Prince to the ground bowed to the saint. He kissed him and blessed, then both of them sat down, and everyone else was "respectfully stood around."

The peasant went among them and everyone tried to consider where Sergius. Finally asked again:

Who is Chernets, what sits to right from the prince? Ink with reproach told him:

Are you a sever here that you do not know the reverend father Sergius?

Only then understood his mistake. And upon departure, the prince rushed to the legs of Sergius, asking for forgiveness.

Of course, the "beggar" and "poor old man" was not to him sings. Epiphany shows his words:

Not grief, child; You alone rightly judged me, because they are all wrong. There is an opinion that the epiphany even watched this scene, because so carefully and wrote it.

How surprisingly simple and serious in her holy! Of course, "Life" is always the icon attached to the depicted. But as far as Sergius can be felt, through the darkness of the year and brief messages, there was no smile at all. St. Francis is very smiling - both the sun, and colors, and birds, a wolf from Gubbio. There is a smile - warm and vital - in St. Seraphim Sarovsky. St. Sergius is clear, merciful, "strangely", also blessed nature, in the image of a bear closely approached him. He interceded before brother and for a simple person. There are no sadness in it. But as if he always is in a restrained, crystal-rarefied and cool atmosphere. It has some north of the Spirit.

We saw that the prince came to Sergia. This is the time when the "old man" is heard to the whole of Russia when he gets closer to Mitr. Alexia, settles the distribution, makes a grand mission to distribute monasteries.

Meanwhile, in his own monastery, everything is not calm - precisely, there is a struggle for both the hostel.

Historically, a monasticism of Greece has come to us. Anthony and Feodosia Pechersk introduced a hostel, but later it was represented by a feature, etc. Sergia belongs to the merit of the final restoration of the hostel.

It was not immediately given.

Initially, the monastery on the Makovice was also special. It has already been mentioned that for the time being, Sergius, even some property in the cells even dose monks. But with the growth of the monastery and brethren, it became uncomfortable. There was a difference in the position of monks, envy, an undesirable spirit at all. Rev. Wanted a more strict order approaching the first christmas community. All are equal and all the poor are equally. No one has anything. The monastery lives a community.

At this time, Sergius, Igumen, friend of Metropolitan Alexy, has already felt that the case of Lavra is the business of the All-Russian and Messianic. The Honor-Rhodonachal Sam must take an invulnerable appearance.

Life mentions the vision of the Rev. - the first in time - the monastery associated with the life.

Once, late in the evening, standing in her cheels, as usual, on prayer, he heard the voice: "Sergius!" The reverend prayed and challenged the end of the Kheli. The wonderful light is poured from the sky, and in it, Sergius sees many beautiful, unknown birds before him. The same voice says:

Sergius, you pray for your spiritual children: the Lord accepted your prayer. See around - you see, what many of the inkoms are collected to you for your leadership in the name of the Library Trinity.

And the birds fly in the world and sing extraordinarily sweet.

So the herd multiplies your pupils, and after you they do not care.

Reverend in Great Joy called Arch. Simon who lived in neighboring cells to show him. But Simon found only the end of the vision - part of heavenly light. On the rest of the reverend he told him.

This vision, perhaps, has further strengthened Sergius in the need for durable, the correct foundations - and for its monastery, and for born new ones.

It is believed that Mitre. Alexy helped, supported his intentions - was for reform. And in the monastery itself - many against. You can think that Mitre. Alexy showed some diplomacy here: at his request, the Patriarch Cyrus Philofee sent Sergia Epistle and gifts - Cross, paramand and schima. In the literacy, it was clearly advised to introduce a hostel ("but one glavit (the rule) does not sufficiently sufficiently: it's not a common life." And further: "Because the Az Council of Goods I give you: listen to the reconciliation of our people, IKO ). Such a grades strengthened the position of Sergius as a reformer. And he introduced a hostel.

Not everyone was satisfied with him in the monastery. Some of these binds, and shy. Someone even gone.

Activities Sergius innovation expanded and complicated. It was necessary to build new buildings - the refectory, bakery, storerooms, barns, to keep the economy, etc. Formerly, his leadership was only spiritual - the Inka went to him as a confessor, to confession, support and instruction. Now he, as it were, was responsible for the very life of the monastery.

All capable of work should have worked. Private property is strictly prohibited.

To manage a complicated community, Sergius chose assistants and distributed duties between them. The first person after Iguman was considered a kel. This position was first established in Russian monasteries. Feodosia Pechersk. The keeper headed the treasury, puments and farm - not only inside the monastery. When arrived, he behaved and their lives. Rules and court cases. Already in Sergia, apparently, there was a private bias - there are arable fields around the monastery, they are part of the monks, part of the hired peasants, part of those who want to work on the monastery. So the kelary worries a lot.

One of the first laurel keligars was prep. Nikon, later Igumen.

In the confunists appointed the most experienced in spiritual life. He is a brethren confessor. Savva Storozhevsky, the founder of the monastery under Zvenigorod, was from the first artists. Later this position received epiphanies, Biographer Sergius.

For the order in the church was observed ecclesiah. (Execution of the church. Charter. At the beginning of the studios, simpler, and now, Jerusalem, more solemn: Liturgy made every day, since the priests were already enough.) Little positions: Paraexiah - kept church in purity, canonarch - led "Clear obedience "And the liturgical books kept.

The order of life in the cheeses remained the same: prayer and work. As usual, Sergius first served an example. We have already seen how the peasant caught him in the garden. Also - sewed shoes and clothing of brethren. Preparing "Eve", a special kind of kunt. Nowhere does not say that he rewritten the books was engaged in an icon painting. This confirms that the book man was never a book. Sergius is a carpenter, gardener, baker, waterpath, tailor and not an artist, not a "perpetrator". And in the monastery it was the icon painters, and "perceivers". The nephew Sergius Feodor, in his youth, was a tonsured, mastered the icon painting in the Lavra. And there is an opinion that the art of icon painting was transferred from there to Androniev Monastery, in Moscow, where the famous Andrei Rublev lived.

"Write-off book" in the laurel flourished. There are many books and braided in the skin of the manuscripts of that time. For example, the gospel of Nikon. Nikon, the official written by his hand in 1381, on the parchment, "the teachings of Avvi Dorofei", 1416, "Harridge of the Multi-Communication Inal Rough and thin, strange, the last in the IOoves, humbled by the sins of Varlaam.

And many others, some with amazing screensavers in paints and gold - eg., Psalrty, written under the igumen Nikon.

So lived and worked in the monastery of Sergius, now already glorified, with roads laid to him, where it was possible and stayed, and staying for some time - if people, or princes. "Strengthening" because the tradition of a long-standing reverend, made from the world, from parents. And now she gave rise to the right extension accumulated. It is probable that the first Lauret Laddle arose during Sergia. In any case, he is the progress of monastic charity. And it is possible only with a hostel.

However, we have already spoken - in this genuine and calm community, not everything went smoothly. Not all in the brethren were saints as Igumen Sergius. In essence, from the first steps of the "deserted" life, the reverend lived precisely with people, although in the guise of monastic. My brother Stefan has gone away from him. Others threatened that they would go when he did not want to take hegotes when he had been hungry in the monastery. Third left with the introduction of a hostel. There were dissatisfied and from the remaining. Some kind of deaf struggle went. She explains the hard event that happened in the monastery.

We do not know anything clear about the "frictions" because of the hostel. Neither the epiphany nor the chronicle says nothing about it - maybe the epiphany and deliberately misses: it is easier to talk about light than about "too human." And the story of what happened is not fully prepared, too suddenly floats from the background of the undeveloped.

He is connected again with Stephen.

Once at the evening - Sergius himself served her, was in the altar - Stephen, a lover of singing, stood on a pollosy. Rev. Heard's voice brother addressed to canonarch.

Who gave you this book?

To this Stephen sharply, in irritation:

Who is Igumen? Isn't I first found this place?

Having served the service, the Monk did not return to Kelia. He came out of the monastery and went on foot on the way to Kinel, without saying a word to anyone. Leaving the abode, they were based on, almost his own built, where he spent so many saints - because of the sharp words of his own brother? This, of course, is not so. We know clarity and calm Sergius. The act "nervous", caused by a sudden, sharp impression, does not at all in Sergius - not only as a saint, humbly brave from Daniel Rotina Bread, but also the nature of his human, far from unexpected, gusty movements. Of course, the case in the church is only the last feature. Of course, Sergius felt a long time that some were dissatisfied with some, not one Stephen, for the hostel, for the feat of a difficult life, where he called. And that Palo to do something.

From the point of view of ordinary, he made a pitch mysterious. Hegumen, abbot and "driver's driver", as if retreated. Left post. Left and leadership. It is difficult to imagine in its place, for example, Feodosia Pechersk. Of course, he would smire dissatisfied. It is impossible to think that the Catholics have a similar one. Guilty would have punished, and the igumen, stated by the Archbishop himself, would not throw the monastery.

But the Russian is humble and "poor" an old man, whom the peasant did not want to recognize the peasant, - in the gloomy evening it came out with a laurel stick, measured with senile, but endlessly) carpentry for the Makhrish monastery Debry Radonja. He did not give up to anyone, did not retreat. How can we know his feelings, opinions? We can only assume respect: so said the inner voice. Nothing external, formal. Clear, Holy Vera, that "so it will be better." Maybe despite the small mind, but is better. Cleaner. If passion was lit, someone envies me, he thinks that he needs to take my place, then let I leave, do not weaken and do not grow. If you love me, then love will take it - let him slowly. If God commands me so much, then he already knows - there is nothing to think.

And the deaf night caught on the way - prayer in the forest, short sleep. Did you feared sv. Sergius Forest this is a deserted friend, friend of bears? And the next morning, as is the once in front of the bishop in Pereslavl-Zalessky, spattered and dusty, he is at the gates of the Makhrishhsky monastery. Her igumen-founder, a bend of Kiev-Pechersk Lavra and a friend of St., Stefan, having learned that Sergius visited him, ordered to hit "Biot" and came out with all his brother. They bow to each other, none want to ride the first. But Sergius had to give up. And he gets up, blesses, - dear, honorary guest in the monastery. He remains at Stefan for a while. And then, with Monk Simon, on foot, again, forests, is rushed into new edges for the founding of a new desert. He found them on the Kirzhach River. There Ave. Sergius settled.

But not long stayed alone. Of course, there was confusion on the Makovice. Most were distressed - deep. Let's go for Rev.. In the Makhrish monastery, one of the Inokov learned that Sergius went further. He returned to Lavra, told about it. And the devotees of Sergius began to be made little in Kirzach. So it was always with him: love, respect and worship for him attracted. He did not inquired anyone. But if I wanted, I could not get away from the genuine of my glory - clean and spiritual. Nowhere in the forests, he could not stay, although he always searched to privacy, he always refused to rule and prayed most and taught, worked.

He took over the ax and in Kirzchach. Helped the monks to build Kelii, killed a well, asked Mitr. Alexia put the church - and set. They helped in this and from the side, of course, sent allegations. Introduced a hostel charter and here.

But this is still not over. In the Lavra, they were not afraid that he was not. The elders went to Metropolitan, asking for exposure. Maybe his departure portrayed not quite accurately, softened. Still obviously, they were unpleasant without Sergius. Metropolitan liked this too. And he sent two Archimandrite, Paul and Terentia, with a guarantee to Sergia. Probably, it was half a semi-filist. Originated because of the request of the brethren. As nothing external - in the care of Sergius, as free, in essence, and return. Sergius stayed in Kirzchasch 3-4 years. Metropolitan could return it from there for a long time. This did not happen. Both were waiting for the time to be raised, resolved the vital difficulty in the spirit of liberty and love. True, Alexy offered Sergia to remove dissatisfied with a hostel. But they did not resort to it. This is not a style of Sergius. After all, if he wanted, much earlier could do it, - Alexy deeply honored him.

Kirzhach monastery was consecrated and named Blagoveshchensky. Metropolitan sent church utensils, the student of the student of Sergius - Romana.

And Sergius returned to Lavra. Epiphany again in detail, as if eyewitness, described us this return. "It was comfortable to see how, alone with joy tears, others with repentance of repentance, students rushed to the legs of the Holy Elder: Some kissed his hands, others - legs, third her clothes; Others, like small children, came forward to admire the His desired avtu, and baptized from joy; Heard the Books were heard from all sides: Glory to you, God, about all the industrial! Glory to you, Lord, what did you like us, who was orphaned, to see our father again ... "And further Panthetic tone.

If there is a trace and its own eloquence (which is generally inclined to the epiphany), then, undoubtedly, the return of the holy, clean and famous Ihuman in the abode, they are found to be glorified, IHUMEN, for anything offended, could not even be excreted. In general, this scene is perfectly visible.

Stefan was not present here. Was he in Moscow, in his monastery of Bogoyavlensky? Unknown. We only know that after the death of Sergius he is again in the laurel. He knew the epiphanies from him and about the childhood of Rev..

Sergius won - just and quietly, without violence, as he did everything in life. There was no voting, four years ago, I said: "Rise". The victory came not so soon. But it was full. He acted here not as the boss, like the Holy. And reached the highest. I also raised, I also consecrated my appearance, I also raised myself and the Orthodoxy itself, preferring the external discipline - freedom and love.

ETC. Sergius and church

The history of the care of the pretended leads to his relationship with the church, its place in Orthodoxy.

You can briefly determine the position of the Church of Times, Sergius: the world in ideas, effectiveness in politics.

Ideological misfit little. Strengtles are not strong. Split, foil, Joseph Volokolamsky, Nikon and Old Believers - everything will come later. Not from whom to defend them, "there is no whom to attack. But there are Russian princes and there are Tatars, there are in general Russia, barely holding, almost absorbed. And the national task is to defend it. The struggle for the state. The church interfered with it deeply.

Two Metropolitans, both wonderful, fill a century: Peter and Alexy. Igumen Ratsky Peter, Volynets, the first Metropolitan Russian, who founded in the north - first in Vladimir, then in Moscow. Peter the first blessed Moscow. For her, in essence, put all his life. It goes to the Horde, it extrets from Uzbek a protective diploma for the clergy, continuously helps the prince, lays the first stone church with him in 1325, the pride of our Kremlin - the Assumption Cathedral. Arkhangelsky, with the tombs of the kings, the Savior Monastery on Bor (the only stone walls who survived since then) - all of us brings to the legendary palladium of Moscow - St. Mer. Peter, also "collector", wrestling, politics, missionary and healer, judge and diplomat. Peter did not see the freedom. On his strong and primitive shoulders, he made the hardest, predestal times of the Motherland. But did not get down, did not succumb.

Metropolitan Alexy is from the surname, ancient boyars of the city of Chernigov. His fathers and grandfathers were divided with the prince of labor on the management and defense of the state. At the Department of Metropolitan of All-Russian Alexy, it was militant, this "Ecclesia Mi holy Feodor, Archbishop, Rostovsky, Sky Saint Sergius, Saint Saint Icons. That, if you are archimandritis in Simonov monastery in Moscow, writing the image of his uncle, St. Sergius the Wonderworker is wonderful. And the provider in Moscow, it is circumscribed by his letters icons "(Sakharov, 1849. Appendix, 14).

All the life of Sergius was in sight of the farodore (and he survived the saint Feodor of his uncle in less than three years). Apparently, the Icon image of Sergius was created after the death of Rev., i.e. In the segment between 1392 (September 25) and 1394 (November 28) for years, but still completely exclude that the image of Sergius could be written in his life, hardly possible. Whatever the icon painter, Saint Feodor, and even if he was observed, it was not the advantages in which he was not equal - Knowledge of Sergius and Love to him. If this image had reached us, we would get a rare opportunity to get acquainted with the view of Sergius from the inside of his family-generic circle.

Unfortunately, the experience is not summarized (and, apparently, the materials are not collected) of the research "Sergiye" icons in the XVIII-XX centuries, and the evolution of the Icon image of Sergius in these three centuries could better explain the approaches to that canon in the image of Reverend, Which is known to us in the second half of the XIX - the beginning of the 20th century. Yes, and relative to the study of the image of Sergius in the images of the XV-XVII centuries. The collecting and classification part of the work at the level of the general arch is still not completed, although it must be said, much (and often from the most significant) is restored by catalogs and descriptions of the largest icons, cf. Antonova-MNEV 1963, t. I-II (GTG meeting); Dr.-r. lawsuit Catying 1966, 28 (XVI century), 48 (1677) (Stock assembly); Tr.-Serg. Laurel; Popov 1975; meetings and research of the Novgorod Icon (and even monumental iconopysi, cf. Lifshits 1987, Ill. 391), etc. It must be recognized that the deficit and works dedicated to the image of Sergius of Radonezh in Old Russian icon painting and miniature, although in some part this gap Filled by works of more private values, Wed: Buslaev 1910, 305-307; Alpatov 1933, 15-26, 109; Arzikhovsky 1944, 176-198; Lazarev 1955, vol. 3, 149-150; Likhachev 1956, t. XII, 105-115; Likhachev 1962; Belobrov 1958, 12-18; Belobrov 1966, 91-100 (about some pictures of the emissions of the womb); Nikolaev 1966, 177-183; Filatov 1966, 277-293; Filatov 1969, 62-66; Khoroshevich 1966,281-286; Kochetkov 1981, 335-337, etc.

Images of Sergius are not only numerous and not only differ in a rather large "typological" scatter, but also made in different techniques (iconography, miniature, sewing - cover, pellena, shroud; work on metal) and in different "genre" - icon, icon with in life, images due to a certain episode in life Sergius or their sequence, the inclusion of Sergius in the image of the "Saints Cathedral", which was never intended in life and could not collect on chronological reasons, images Sergius together with people of its circle (for example, with Nikon Radonezh), which (images) can be delivered in line with some indisputable realization, etc.

One of the earliest of the famous and reached images of images, Sergius Radonezh is the cover on the cancer of the reverend with his way, representing the contribution of Vasily I in the Trinity and dated usually 1424 (?) Year (see Tr.-Serg. Laurel, Ill. 133-135, all cover and two images Sergius, data on different scales). It is impossible to exclude that the author of the image could know Sergius. Before us on the external signs of the elder (a very large vopoto-like and neatly removed beard; the abundance of smoothly combed hair on the head with a surcharge in the middle), but the look is not old, attentive, maybe somewhat focused, as it were, waiting for something that has to become ; eyebrows occupy the width of the whole face with the passage of the upper part of the nose (nose); To the left and right on the nose, each eyebrow is clearly sent down; nose (as, however, in most other images) emphasize; Also emphasized both ears, somewhat nominated and as if turned to the viewer; The arc of the mustache, coming down and cool down down, forms, together with a beard, quite sophisticated, in any case, not without intention, the figure, at the top of which is almost the right circle, opening partly the mouth and chin. The image of Sergius is somewhat geometrized, from here - some intentional schematics. So, it is definitely planned by the dominant vertical - the sample on the head, the nose, consisting (to the bottom) under the pelconus of a dark cherry blossom, light wedge, in which two crosses are shown along the vertical, divided by the right hand of Sergius, as if she does not give a right-handed right and The left part of the fabric break on, and with his left hand with a scroll in it in it. Oppositionally oriented horizontal (except for 9 horizontal "wings" of crosses) is represented by a horizontally located "collar", interrupted only by a beard and mustache. The overall impression produced by the expression of the face Sergius is seriousness, listening to silence, printing, not affecting the will, calmly waiting, without attempts to rush the event, insight, softened by wisdom, thoughtfulness and deep peace of mind. It is necessary to recognize that the type of person itself, it is clearly not yet canonized, is quite noticeable from other images of Sergius and should be recognized as a rather individual option of "portrait".

By the middle of the XV century, i.e. About 20 years later, there is another cover with the image of Sergius Radonezh (see Tr.-Serg. Laurel, Ill. 148: Fragment - Cheerful image). Here is a completely different type of saint, it may be simpler and more light, as if devastated from all extra and relaxing to reflection. The height, latitude and cleanliness of the body, limited to the right, the latitude and cleanliness of the body, limited to the right, above and on the left of the body, limited to the right, on top and on the left, are tightly embracing the forehead, but devoid (unlike the first cover) of something forcing and / or intentionally, formally accentuated . The same noble simplicity, especially noticeable when compared with the first cover, is communicated to the level of principle, nowhere, however, not flowing into simplification: the nose is also thin, but not exaggerated; ears are pressed against the head (like hair); Each eyebrows turns out to be almost symmetrical. If the first cover in the eyes of Sergius detects itself to install on some, maybe somewhat excessive detail study, "realistic", the known asymmetry of the pupils of both eyes, creating an effect (however, the easiest) of some inconsistency, leaving the loophole to assume some non-equilibrium, may To be even, for suspicion of the shade of some signs of incomplete harmonization, "splitting", then on the second cover, internal consistency (in particular, symmetry), after it is cleaned, everything is superfluous and distracting from the main thing - that reflects the soul And the Holy Spirit, acts as it were in itself, in its pure form. This asceticism of writing is "sewing", correlated with the asceticism of the saint, who never took the forms of even close to extremes, allows the person (in this case, not a face!) To become a mirror of the soul, mind, a volitional beginning (though, sufficiently suppressed) in their consent of each with a friend and interconnection. In a certain respect, this image, Sergius is somewhat conditionally and not even without signs of abstractness: the carnal, natural, naturalistic, it is smoothly so much so that the spiritual in the face is tagged with due certainty - to the verge of a mystical one who declares itself. Among the many images, Sergius is one of the best, because - ultimately it introduces the very necessary server secrets at the very necessary.

The third cover with the image of Sergius of Radonezh, also attributable to the middle of the XV century, presents the presence-worthy, with a characteristic gesture of the right hand (in the left hand of the scroll), it is concluded in a very narrow and very elongated space of cover, the framework of which leaves a minimum space for the background. Not touching the technique of the image, in front of us - the same type of saint as on the previous cover, a person immersed in something important, remembering and the evil of the world of this and the heavenly depth, who means living in God and what is "hated Disconnection ", which does not allow the sky to go down to the ground. Sergius, undoubtedly, one of the main builders of the Christian consciousness in Russia, creative, creative, creative, consciously choosing his path, which became by many. But Sergius was in addition to the whole man of a wide mind and, at the same time, was distinguished by absolute sobriety. He did not have the illusions that everything was possible here on Earth, that all sinners would become righteous. Therefore, he had a lot of worries and a lot of sadness, about which, on visual images, we judge fully and thinner than in the ultralong "life" Sergius.

The last two images of Sergius on cover relating both by the middle of the XV century can be understood as evidence of some providentiality, which has not yet been found in such circumstances. In fact, in the middle of the 15th century, there were few people who could know the Reverend personally and could tell about it. These were the people of birth to the late 70s - early 80s of the XIV century. In the middle of the next century, they reached the 70th age (70 years old - a human man). And before the departure of the last witnesses, when the door to Sergia will be slammed forever, the providence was pleased to be formed (and then it would be like a generation relay, transferred to descendants) in the art that the type of Reverend, which can be judged with the greatest adequacy Sergia, at least guess his secret. Indeed, three-quarters of the century will pass, i.e. People who born in the middle of the 15th century will come from the scene, and two tendencies developed from the same "pre-canonical" type are found. One of them holds "external" and allows "internal", the main thing to go to the shadow. In the second half of the XVI - XVII century, she gained strength. The characteristic example of the starting "despondialization" of the image - cover depicting Sergius Radonezh (Vasily III, 1525), see Tr.-Serg. Lavra, Ill. 145 (It is worth compare this image with an externally very close to him on Ill. 144). Another tendency is to be exactly as possible - not in the external, but in the inner, in the spiritual - to keep the vertex image of the independent, which can be judged by the samples of the middle of the XV century. This second trend in all other differences can be found in the cover of Sergius, also from the contribution of Vasily III in 1525, see Tr.-Serg. Lavra, Ill. 149, although this image is somewhat "denser" images on Ill. 148.

By the first quarter of the XVII century, the icon of the workshop of the Trinity-Sergius Monastery in the Climate Slobod (1000th anniversary of 1988, Ill. 140). It is easy to determine that the big path that the image of Sergius has done in the visual arts.

Returning to an earlier time, it is worth noting the famous Icon of Sergius of Radonezh in life, originating from the Old Believers in Tokmakov Lane in Moscow (now - GTG), especially its carefully prescribed stigps delivering the most valuable material of residents and cultural (in particular, and architectural) And with a good sense of taste and compositely skillfully transformed the story of the Epiphaniev "Life" in the embracing series. The image itself (belt) Sergius is made quite thin and with a sense of measure. This is undoubtedly an example of a "good" embodiment of the image of Sergius approaching the best samples. .

Without touching other numerous "Sergiev" in XV, and especially the XVI-XVII centuries, the presentation (however, incomplete) on which it is possible to compose to their reproduces, research, catalogs, the main of which were already indicated, it is advisable to specify the icon of a special " Genre "- Selected Saints - Sergius and Saints. Its characteristic patterns can be considered, on the one hand, a five-rate composition of the Rostov Saints of the Wonderworkers (from left to right) - Sergius, Ignatius, Leonte, Isaiah and Abraham (Rostov, the end of XV - the beginning of the XVI century). The fields are depicted by two oborudy - Isidore and Maxim (see 1000th anniversary 1988, No. 85); On the other hand, the cover with the image of Sergius and Nikon Radonezh (1587): two figures on a quarter of turnover turned to each other (see Tr.-Serg. Laurel, Ill. 158) and forming a pair.

Rostov Wonderworkers and Sergius Radonezh (extreme left).Icon. Rostov. XV-XVI centuries. Ryakhmz

Another "sub-genre" in images of Sergius - marked events in the life of the presented. The most common motif of the phenomenon of Our Lady Sergia, quite widely presented in the XVI and in the XVII centuries. A few examples. The first is the icon, which is referred to by the first quarter of the XVI century (timing): Sergey is going to meet the Virgin Mary (1000th anniversary 1988, No. 82); The second is the panel of the same content (the contribution of Sabura Solomonia, 1525); Multifigure composition decaying on the central field, two horizontal bands - upper and lower and four (two on each side) stamps; The center of the composition is the Calval Cross, on the left side of which the Mother of God with two satellites - Peter and John, and on the right - the crankshadranny Sergius - Tr.-Serg. Lavra, Ill. 151), see Ill. 10; Third - Pelona (the contribution of the Staritsky, 1560s.): The same composition (Virgin and the same two satellites on the left and Sergius, accompanied by his student Michea on the right (Tr.-Serg. Lavra, Ill. 143); Fourth - Horugwe ( XVII century) depicting the scene of the phenomenon of Our Lady in the variant close to Ill. 151-10, with the difference that Calvary replaces its simplified symbol inside the church and the forming center of the composition (Tr.-Serg. Laurel, Ill. 169) .

The phenomenon of Our Lady Sergia Radonezh with the image of the Holy Trinity of the Library. Icon. XVI in. GRM

It should be especially the composition on the topic of Assumption Sergius, from the Church of Sergius Radonezh in the Novgorod Kremlin (between 1459 and 1463), see Lifshits 1887, Ill. 391.

It is still necessary to dwell on two prayers ("prayers") icons of Sergius of Radonezh, who were in his cell (otherwise they are called celon). One of them is Saint Nicholas (XIV century, see Tr.-Serg. Laurel, Ill. 58, see. Ille 16), the other is the Virgin Odigitria (also XIV century, see Tr.-Serg. Laurea, Ill. 61, see ill. 17). Both icons became the subject of the brilliant theological and art historical analysis of Florensky, as it seems, an exhaustive topic.

Introduction
1. Main part:
1.1. Review of literary sources
1.2. Results of research
conclusions
Literature
Applications

Introduction

With the name of St. Sergius, the Russian man recalls his moral revival, which made the political and revival of the political ... Creation of the memory of St. Sergius, we check ourselves, review our moral stock, visiting us the great builders of our moral order. "
V.O. Klechevsky

This year marks 700 years since the birth of Rev. Sergius Radonezh.
Sergius Radonezh (in the world of Bartholomew; May 3, 1314 (the date conditional, see below) - September 25, 1392) - the monk of the Russian Church, the founder of the Trinity Monastery near Moscow (now Troice-Sergiyev Lavra), the converter of monasticism in Northern Russia.
At my age, it is too early to think about the highly moral things, about church ministers, and in general about history. How deeply I became mistaken. Understanding this fact came to me when I began to study the biography of Sergius Radonezh. I will say honestly that the first heard stories about the miraculous influence of St. Sergius pushed me on the idea that this is a mythical character. Later it turned out that this is a delusion.

Life Sergius Radonezh, though it looks like a fairy tale, but this is the story of the formation of a great personality. Personality that possessed the miraculous gift of serving God. I wanted to touch this story, survive the events of those old times, to understand and comprehend them. By virtue of my age, it is easier for me to analyze the paintings of artists, rather than complex historical essays. Therefore, the purpose of my work is to describe the image of Sergius Radonezh in the visual arts.

1. Examine biographical information of Rev. Sergius in literary sources.

2. Analyze and compare biographical data with the works of domestic artists.

Before the start of the study, I put forward the following hypothesis: The image of Sergius Radonezh is widely represented in painting and reflects the main events of his lives.

1. Basic part

1.1. Review of literary sources.

Sergius Radonezh - Monk of the Russian Church, founder of the Trinity Monastery near Moscow (now the Trinity-Sergiyev Lava), the converter of monastic in Northern Russia. Sergius Radonezh is revered by the Russian Orthodox Church in the Lick of Saints.
In literary sources, life and activities of Sergius are very widely described. The main document is "Life", a historical description of the formation of Sergius, as the greatest historical personality.

And how many bright expressions we found in the literature. Here, for example: "Sergius-discerning child of the North. Cooling, excerpt and meek calm, the harmony of the short words and the saints created the only image of the Russian saint. Sergius deeper Russian, deepest Orthodox. There is a resinness of the North of Russia, a pure strong and healthy type "[4]

"Amazing and mystery itself surrounding the name of Sergius. Almost all of the great events of the epoch, we feel his invisible presence. Meanwhile, it did not come to us either his own writings, neither exact recording of his conversations and teachings "[2] in the artworks of Sergius Radonezh appears in front of us in the image of a kind of wonderworker with magical abilities. In essays about life, the authors reflect and comprehend his educational activities and a moral feat. I will quote particularly interesting, from my point of view, the facts of the biography of Rev. Sergius.

At the age of 7, the young warfolomey was given to led by a diploma in a church school along with the brothers: senior Stefan and Junior Peter. Rev. Sergius, the Lord bestowed the extraordinary force that hesitated, renewed by morally everyone, who turned to him with true and faith. [5] Rev. Sergius Radonezh lived in the times of Mongol-Tatar yoke.

It is the severity of the current situation forced Sergius to refer to faith. "Fear retreat before faith. Going to death felt like passion recorders. And is it possible to surprise the fact that almost all of the princes died from the Tatars ranks ranked for the saints? They really died as much as it should be sainted: with a prayer on the mouth and a cross in hand ... "[1]

Another interesting fact that I learned from literary sources: Sergius founded Trinity-Sergiev Lavra. The most important episode of Russian history associated with Lavra during its founder is the blessing of the prince Dmitry Ivanovich Donskoy on the battle with Mama. This battle occurred on September 8, 1380 on the Kulikov field, the Don River, and since then the prince began to call Donskoy. Appendix 6.7
"More than one hundred and fifty years ruined the Russian land of Mongolo Tatar Hordes. They burn cities, captured people and forced the Russian princes to pay a huge tribute. Robbed, humiliated people, seeking to enslave forever and break his spirit. " [3]
For the reverend this day, August 18, was also the most important in life. Sergius asked himself whether he had the right, the clergyman, to support bloodshed. He knew on whose side of the truth. On the side of the people, tortured by Tatar ig ... ..

Sergius calm dare Dmitry Donskoy:

- Go and do not be afraid nothing. The Lord will help you in holy revenge on the boots. You will win and unsubstituted in your Fatherland with great honor will return! - said Sergius. [3]
And why is Sergius Radonezh called "Rev."? What is the meaning of this word? Rev. - Holy, reached Christian perfection in a feat of monastics. So Sergius Radonezh performed a feat of monastics. He healed people, and some resurrected, so he was credited to the family of St.. In Klyuchevskaya, Sergia was dedicated to Sergia such lines: "An example of his life, the height of his spirit, the Rev. Sergius raised the fallen spirit of his native people awakened confidence in him, to his forces, breathed faith in his future" [5] This is only a brief overview of literary sources. He helped us to realize the key moments of the lifetime of Rev. Sergius Radonezh.

1.2. Research results.

My research began in the church S. Debets. In a conversation with the father of George, I found out that the church is Icon Sergius Radonezhsky.
The story of the icons is as follows: she fell into our church by chance. Father Georgy's family met the family of hope and Yuri Ponomarev, who lived in their debates, but then left Izhevsk. Forest families. Children of Ponomarev live in the city of Novorossiysk. The children visited the very Trinity-Sergius Lavra, founded by Sergius Radonezh, bought an icon there and presented it with her parents. Ponomareva left this icon in debates. Since then, Saint Sergius settled on the Debetric Earth.

Georgy's father shared an impression from the icon: "The believer never stood the question like him an image on the icon or not and how artistic it was made. It is always important for it. Symbols of color, gestures, depicted objects, is a language of icons, not knowing which is difficult to assess the meaning of the icons in general. Icon is not a portrait, not a picture, but a prototype of perfect humanity. There are no shadows on icons. This is due to the peculiarities of the world and the tasks that facing the icon painter. "

Together with the manager, we viewed a large number of albums with the image of Sergius and came to an unequivocal opinion: all the key events of the lives of St. Sergius were reflected in the works of artists. Literary descriptions do not diverge with artistic way. We tried to trace the path of the formation of Rev. Sergius through the work of artists.

Picture of Mikhail Nesterova "Vision of the Pattern of Bartholomew", reflects the fact set forth in Life: "Once the Father sent Bartholomew to seek horses. On the field under the oak, the boy saw the elder of the priest. Bartholomew told the priest about his failures in study and asked to pray for him. The elder gave the fat to a piece of prosphora and said that from now on, the warfolomes would even better know with a diploma than his brothers and peers. The boy persuaded the priest to go to his parents. At first, the old man went to the chapel, began to sing the clock, and Bartholomew ordered to read Psalm. Suddenly, the matters began to read well. The elder went to the house, reserved food and predicted Kirill and Mary that their son would be great before God and people. " [9] Appendix 1
"Youth of St. Sergius" also belongs to Mikhail Nesterov's brush.

Central Russian landscape with a majestic forest and a quiet river full of calm and peace. Figure Sergius Radonezh is depicted at a low forest hill, on the background of a wooden chapel, among birds and animals. Even the king of the forest - the Bear as if tamed by Rev. Sergius. Bright joy and naive purity of the images of the independent of the spring state of nature. [3] Appendix 2

In the picture S. Chikunchikova. "The Resurrection of the Life Sergey Radonezh" is depicted by the resurrection of the boy. "The peasant who lived near the Trinity Monastery was seriously ill with a little son. The boy melted in his eyes. In Mount, the father brought the dying child to Sergia. I asked him to pray. While Igumen was preparing for prayer, the boy died. Heothe, seeing it, began to cry:

"For what I have such a terrible punishment," he relied loudly, turning to Sergius. "It would be better if my son died at home." Then I would have faith in you ... Father went out of the cell to cook everything for the funeral, and when he returned, he saw that the child rose and looking at him smiling. And even his brushes have grown. Sergiy said:
- In vain you were so killed, because your child is alive, and will soon be completely healthy. " [3] Appendix 3. And again the work of Mikhail Nesterov. "Proceedings of Rev. Sergius."

"It was hard when the food ended. Igumen Sergius could have tolerated for a long time, but I couldn't stand it for three days and he could not stand.
On the fourth day, in the morning he took an ax and went to Daniel's Pole, the elder of the prosperous, but stupid. Sergius got the task and Daniel ruled him, full of broken, dried slices of bread. All day, Sergius worked in the sweat of the face: Tell Břevna, pinched poles. By the evening, as promised, she finished the construction of Seine and only then got a lattice of bread residues. Finally, he was able to eat. " Thus, Sergius earned a little meal. For the sake of mold bread, Sergius laid out a lot of work in the work. " [9] Appendix 4

Painting S. Efoshkin. "Rev. Sergius. According to Russia, "we have caused more emotions. Something magic comes from this picture. It seems you feel warm, view Sergius. And the Holy Nithe \u200b\u200babove his head gives the feeling that the drawn character is likely to go to our land. Appendix 5.

The picture displays the care of Sergius from the monastery. "Stephen was configured against Sergius. He believed that his breathtaking experience gives him a special right to manage. After all, he came here many years ago, he built the first church with his brother. After the angry shouts of Stephen, Sergius left his abode "

"He walked along the road, a high old old man in a worn Ryasa and with a staff in his hand. Sergius stopped in thirty-five kilometers from the Trinity at Heugumen. Three days together with the monk Simon Sergius went on. In the forest wilderness. On the kirzhach river. There they found a place for the monastery. " [ nine ]

Soon, an Annunciation monastery appeared at this place. You should not leave the instructions of Sergius by Dmitry Ivanovich on the battle with Mama. This event we found in the work of E. Lisner. "Trinity -Sergieva Lavra. Blessing Sergey Radonezh Dmitry Donskoy. "

"Sergius entered the church, he began prayer. Dmitry Ivanovich hurried allies to go hike. Grand Duke Hurry. Mentally, he was already there, in Kolomna. Sergius was calm. Dmitry passed. After the meal, the reverend blessed the prince and all his retinue, sprinkled with holy water. Dmitry knelt down, and Sergius squeezed him with a cross. After that, the prince went out of the monastery with faith in the victory. " [3] Appendix 6.7

Conclusions.

Having finished writing a job, I came to an unexpected conclusions: it turns out that the more I study Sergius Radonezhsky, the more deeper you want to get in touch to his personality, to his thoughts and actions. I want to understand his miraculous power, possess the same will. I noticed that it was very easy and pleasant to write work about Rev. Sergia. It seemed that some unknown strength surrounded me, and even late in the evening I did not want to sleep. It sometimes seemed that a special miraculous light penetrates into my head, making me cleaner and morally richer.

All that the world of Sergius is in those distant times and is now relevant and important. By performing the tasks of work, I confirmed both the hypothesis: the life of Rev. Sergius is indeed widely represented in the works of artists. All key events described in life are reflected by artists bright and expressive.

Literature.

1. Borisov N.S. And the candle would not fade ... - Moscow: Young Guard, 1990.
2. Borisov N.S. Sergius of Radonezh. - M.: Young Guard, 2004.
3. Kalashnikov V.I. The legends of Russian monasteries. M., 2002.
4. Kitaeva L.V. Sergius of Radonezh. M., 2002.
5. Klyuchevsky V.O. Works.t.2.m., 1988
6. Kostomarov N.I. Russian history in the lives of its main figures. Book 1. - Moscow: "Book", 1990.
7. Rev. Sergius Radonezhsky.Phota Alm.vtor - compiler V.N. Kornyushin.m., 1992
8. Sergius of Radonezh. Collection. Compiled by V.A. Dzeatnikov .m., 1991
9. Life Sergius Radonezhsky.

Attachment 1

M. Nesterov. Vision to the tag of the Bartholomew.

Appendix 2.

Appendix 3.

S. Chikunchikov. Resurrection of the hotel Sergey Radonezh

Appendix 4.

M. Nesterov. Proceedings of Rev. Sergius.

Appendix 5.

S. Efoshkin. Rev. Sergius. In Russia.

Appendix 6.

E. Lisserner. Trinis_SERGIEV Lava. Blessing Sergey Radonezh Dmitry Donskoy.

Appendix 7.

N. Puchkov. Trinity-Sergiyev Lava.

Municipal budgetary educational institution "Surenogurt Secondary School"
Author: Kuzmin Alexander, student of grade 6 MBOU "SURNOGURT SOSH".
Leader: Sigova Elena Viktorovna, teacher- organizer.

Life Sergius. P. Rugo
Bartholomew (so before the tonsion was the saint of St. Sergius) was born in 1319 g. His father, boyar Kirill, served at the Rostov Prince, and then moved to the service to Ivan Danilovich Kalita and settled in the small town of Radonjezh. They write that from seven years of warfolomes was given to the doctrine, which was given to him with great difficulty, so he was far behind even from his younger brother. This misfortune pursued him until one holy elder was hot did not ask God to open a book wisdom for the boy. After that, the Bartholomew will immediately comprehend a diploma and became very addicted to reading. From early childhood, he had craving for holy life. Damaged from children's games, jokes, laughter and tribal, it was fed only with bread and water, and on Wednesdays and Fridays fastened. "Fight it," the first live behavior of Sergius Blessed Epiphany writes, "it was full of modesty and chastity, his face was most often thoughtful and seriously, and tears were often noticed - witnesses of his heart dignity. Always quiet and silent, meek and humble, he was gentle by everyone and causing anyone who did not annoy anyone and lovingly accepted random troubles. "

Nesterov M.V. Vision Latched by Bartholomew.
In 1339, after the death of parents, Bartholomew distributed most of his property to the poor and decided to fully devote himself to God. Together with the elder brother Stephen, he found a secluded place in ten versts from the Khotkovsky monastery, which was very convenient for herchloric life. There was a dense forest, which has never concerned a man's hand. With great difficulty, the brothers cleared the plunk, they gave themselves the balls from the tree branches first, and then Kelia. A small church was put near her, which was dedicated to the Most Holy Name of the Library Trinity. Stefan, not withstanding the heavy life of hermit, a short time later went to Moscow. Bartholomew remained firm in their plans. In 1342, he accepted the kneading named Sergius and began his monastic feat.

His hardness on the chosen path was amazing. According to the epiphany, with the adoption of hobby, he not only postponed Vlasia from his head, but also the compartment forever all his wants; Cognizing worldly clothes, he at the same time accepted the old man in order to take effect in a new truth, walking in truth and reveal. Study, hunger, thirst, exhausting hard work - constant satellites of severe herds - he demolished with a constant hardness and humility. In addition to bread, which from time to time brought him from Radonej's younger brother Peter, Sergius did not have other food. Winter nights to the cells were a flock of hungry wolves, sometimes a bear came (with him a hermit from pity shared his meager food). It was delivered by Sergia and from demons, which, according to the testimony of the same epiphany, often took the image of terrible animals and disgusting reptiles to frighten the devotee. One day, when he prayed a deaf at night, they broke to him directly to the church, but they had to retreat before his faith and hardness.

Youth of Rev. Sergius. Nesterov M.V.
There was only two or three years old, and about the young deserted, both in Radonja and in neighboring villages. One after another residents began to come to him for the sake of the spiritual council, and then there were wishing to divide his feat. Sergii first did not agree to take them, but then, touched by their plea, decided to abandon his privacy. The aliens built themselves the Kelii, got the abode of the high tone and began to live, in all the imitations of Sergia. No specific monastery charter existed, as, however, the monastery itself. Each monk lived separately from others, he himself mined the food and led his farm himself. Seven times a day, the brothers met in the church on prayer. On a festive day, the priest from the nearest village was invited to accomplish Liturgy. All the time-free monks spent in constant work, and Sergius worked more than all: he built a few kesels with his own hands, chopped and colop for all the firewood, Mol in the manual millstone, the pitch of bread, cooked food, crown and sewed clothes and brought water. According to Epiphania, he served the brethren as a purchased slave, in every way trying to alleviate their difficult life. Despite the abstinence in food was very strong and unusually enduring.


Mikhail Nesterov. Proceedings of Rev. Sergius
However, such a life could not continue long. When the number of monks multiplied, there was a strong need to somehow organize their lives, and Sergius in 1354 was forced to take a priesthood against his desire and was put in Igumen. But after that, he continued to learn not so much in a word as his example. In subsequent years, the monastery expanded and took the form of a completely comfortable monastery. The kesels scattered in the disarray in the forest were collected in the right quadrangle and are located around the church. The former Trinity Church became cramped. She was dismantled and put another other, much more spacious. Later (about 1372), Sergius decided to introduce a hostel in his abode. It was at the time more innovation. (Although in the south, in the Kiev-Pechersk Lavra, the hostel was also introduced by the Holy Feodosius, in the north of Russia, this custom was not intensified.) The charter chosen by Sergius was very strict: the monks were forbidden to have personal property, and every one from now he should have worked for good Monastery. The positions were established by the positions of Kelary, the confessor, eccleesiaire and others. Over the years, the terrain around becomes more and more populated.

Following the monks, many peasants of immigrants came to these places, which quickly cut down the forests, the fields were blocked. Then, by the monastery, a large road was laid in the northern cities. The abode of Sergiyev, according to Nikon, as if suddenly nominated from the dense forests to dissolve human life. But after that, a very long time of Sergian Inok was the most severe, not covered poverty. Monks needed literally in everything: disadvantaged food, clothes, wines for liturgies, wax for the candle, gathering lamps (instead of them, in front of the images were lit), in return for books, they used Beresto, ate and drank from wooden vessels that were made with their own hands.


Rev. Sergiy Radonezh. Nesterov M.V.
In this scarce time, according to the testimony of the companions of Sergius, wonders began to be made by prayers. So, for example, after the hot midges of Ihuman near the monastery from under the ground, there was a rich source of cold key water (before that brethren accounted for a lot of difficulty to deliver water from afar). Then, thanks to the prayers of the saint, several wonderful healing happened. Glory about Sergia began to rattle throughout the district. Sorry and cripples were reached for him, and many after conversations with the Saint Starter and his prayers were relieved, and some were completely healing at all. With multiplying the number of visitors, the welfare of the monastery began to recover. But Sergius himself never had addiction to earthlings, all distributing brethren or poor people. Until his death, he wore the dilapidated clothes from semolot cloth and a simple sheep wool himself.

Meanwhile, his fame spread far beyond the limits of Radonja. Even the Patriarch Konstantinople knew about Troitsky Igumen and sent his messages to him. For Russian people, Sergius was almost the same than the ancient prophets for Jews. Not only commoner, but already boyars and great princes were looking for his advice and blessings. Gathering in 1380 by a campaign against the Tatars, Moscow Prince Dmitry Donskoy considered his duty to visit along the way the Trinity Abode and take parting from Sergius. Holy old man, anticipating that the upcoming battle ended the death of many warriors, asked Dmitry not to skip - send many gifts Khan and those to buy peace. The prince answered that he had already done all this, but the enemy of his concessions would be even more. "If so," said Sergius, "then the final death awaits him, and the prince, the mercy and glory from God. Go, Mr., Bedlessly! The Lord will help you on godless enemies! ". Inspired by these prophetic words, Dmitry hurried after his army. The news that the Moscow Prince received from St. Sergius blessing on battle, soon she flew off all the army and breathed the courage in all his hearts. On the day of the Kulikovsky battle of September 8, all the inks of the Trinity Monastery, together with Serge himself, did not stop prayer for the Russian military for a minute. Sergi himself, how to tell his life behavisers, the body was in the temple, and the Spirit was on the battlefield. He saw everything that was going on, and as an eyewitness told the brethren about the battle. From time to time he called on the names of the fallen heroes and himself pronounced the clock prayers for them. Finally, he announced the perfect defeat of enemies. Soon, this prophecy was confirmed - on the way back, Dmitry drove into the Trinity Monastery and personally told Sergia about his victory.


AG intent. Sergius Radonezh bless Dmitry Donskoy on a tart feud.
After these events, Sergius's authority in Russia became continued. In 1385, when the war broke out between Dmitry Don Don and Ryazan Prince, the Grand Duke asked Sergius to take on the work of the peacemaker. Late in the autumn of Sergius went on foot to Ryazan and here, according to the Chronicler testimony, I talked with a lot of speeches with Oleg about the spiritual benefits, about the world and love. Under his influence, Oleg changed his rareness to meekness, dying and lost his soul, ushing such a holy husband, and concluded the eternal world with the Moscow Prince. In the last years of life, Sergius his spiritual power has reached extraordinary power. He reported all the gifts of God: the gift of the wirals, the gift of prophecy, the gift of consolation and edification. For his spiritual gaze there was no real barrier, nor the distance or time.


Monument to Sergia Radonezh in Sergiev Posad
One day, I saw, as the Angel served Sergia during Liturgy, another time the Mother of God was to him. For six months before the death of the devotee won the revelation about the time of his coming to God. Then he convened all the brotherhood and in the presence of all he passed the management of the disadvantage of his student, Reverend Nikona, and he accepted the vow of silence. Only before the death itself, in September 1391, he again gathered all the monks to him and turned with the words of the testament:

"Make yourself, brethren. Before have fear of God, the purity of spiritual and love is non-estate ... "

After that, he quietly died on September 25, 1392. And after 30 years, July 18, 1422 were gained imperious power, day July 18 is one of the days of the saint's memory. In 1919, during the campaign to open the relics, the power of Sergius of Radonezh was subjected to an autopsy in the presence of a special commission with the participation of representatives of the Church. The remains of Sergius were found in the form of bones, hair and fragments of gross monastic robe, in which he was buried. In 1920-1946 The relics were in the museum, placed in the Lavra building. On April 20, 1946, Sergius was returned to the church.


Sergius. Radonezh, Moscow region
I knew him later that he had never complained about everything in his entire lives, he didn't ropal, did not lose, did not break, he was always calm, despite the temptations and grief human.

During his life, Sergius Radonezh is not far from the Trinity Monastery, 25 new monasteries were founded, and after his death, 70 abode were created by the disciples, around which Russian cities arose and grew. Rus gained strength and independence. And everywhere honored the name of the holy intercessor of Russia - Rev. Sergius Radonezh. How to remember him and so on.