Snc definition. SNK is the executive body of the rsfsr and the ussr

Council of People's Commissars, SNK), the highest executive and administrative bodies of state power in Soviet Russia, USSR, union and autonomous republics in 1917-46. In March 1946 they were transformed into Councils of Ministers.

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Council of People's Commissars - SNK - in 1917-1946. the name of the highest executive and administrative bodies of state power in the USSR, union and autonomous republics. In March 1946 they were transformed into Councils of Ministers. According to the USSR Constitution of 1936, the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR was formed by the Supreme Soviet of the USSR at a joint meeting of both chambers, consisting of: the chairman, his deputies and other members. The Council of People's Commissars of the USSR was formally responsible to the Supreme Soviet of the USSR and was accountable to it, and in the period between sessions of the Supreme Soviet it was responsible to the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, to which it was accountable. The Council of People's Commissars could issue resolutions and orders binding on the entire territory of the USSR on the basis of and in pursuance of existing laws and verify their implementation.

Sometimes we have to hear that the founder of the Soviet state V.I. Lenin allegedly "surrounded himself with Jews" and from the very beginning "the government of the Bolsheviks was the government of the Jews." Even President Putin hinted at this once, having clearly confused something. Let's see - is this really so?

On the night of November 7-8, 1917, the All-Russian Congress of Soviets adopted three historical documents: "Decree on Peace", "Decree on Land" and "Decree on the Formation of the Council People's Commissars"- the first Soviet government.

In the first composition of the SNK (Council of People's Commissars) there were 15 people (This information is easy to find even through an Internet search engine)

The national composition of the government approximately corresponded to nationality the entire Russian state. So, of these 15 members were:

Representatives of the Caucasian peoples (Georgians) - one (I. Dzhugashvili);

Representatives of Western nations (Pole) - one (I. Teodorovich);

Representatives of the Mediterranean peoples (Jew) - one (L. Bronstein);

There are three representatives of Little Russia (Ukrainians) (P. Dybenko, N. Krylenko, V. Ovseenko).

9 people out of 15 were Russians. Let's list them by name:

People's Commissar of Internal Affairs - Alexey RYKOV. Born in 1881 in the family of a peasant in the Vyatka province, Yaransky district, Kukarka settlement. Russian. He studied at Kazan University, was expelled for participation in the revolutionary movement, a member of the RSDLP since 1898.

People's Commissar of Agriculture - Vladimir Pavlovich MILYUTIN. Born in 1884 in the village of Tugansevo, Lgovskiy district, Kursk province, in the family of a village teacher. Russian. He studied at the Faculty of Law of St. Petersburg University, participated in the roar. movement, a member of the RSDLP since 1903. In 1917 he was chairman of the Saratov Soviet of Workers 'and Soldiers' Deputies.

People's Commissar of Labor - Alexander Gavrilovich SHLYAPNIKOV. Born in 1885 in the city of Murom into a family of Old Believers-Pomors. Russian (has anyone heard of Jewish Old Believers?). Father worked as a miller, carpenter, laborer, mother - the daughter of a miner. Member of the RSDLP since 1901, arrests, emigration, work in the French Socialist Party. An active participant in the February Revolution of 1917, a member of the initiative group for the creation of the Petrograd Soviet.

People's Commissar for Trade and Industry - NOGIN Victor Pavlovich. Born in 1878 in Moscow in the family of a clerk. Russian. After graduating from the city school in Kalyazin, Tver province, he worked as a clerk, from 1896 a worker in St. Petersburg, a member of the roar. circles, a member of the party since 1898. In 1917 he was chairman of the Moscow Soviet of Workers' Deputies.

People's Commissar of Education - Anatoly LUNACHARSKY. Born in 1875 in Poltava in the family of an official. Russian, hereditary nobleman. While studying at the gymnasium, he organized and headed Marxist circles, had a party experience since 1895. He studied at the University of Zurich, was engaged in literary work. He is the only one of the first people's commissars who has worked in his post for 12 years.

People's Commissar of Finance - SKVORTSOV Ivan Ivanovich (pseudonym Stepanov). Born in 1870 in Bogorodsk in the family of a factory employee. Russian, oddly enough. He graduated from the Moscow Teachers' Institute and worked almost all his life in Moscow, in the Moscow organization of the RSDLP (party experience since 1896). Author of a number of fundamental works on political economy, translator of the works of Marx.

People's Commissar of Justice - Georgy Ippolitovich OPPOKOV (pseudonym Lomov). Born in 1888 in Saratov into a noble family. His father served here for more than 30 years as a branch manager of the State Bank. Russian. From the age of 13 he participated in circles, a member of the party since 1903. He studied at the law faculty of St. Petersburg University, during the Arkhangelsk exile (1911-1913) participated in polar expeditions (in New earth and Czech Lip).

People's Commissar of Posts and Telegraphs - Nikolai Pavlovich AVILOV (pseudonym Glebov). Born in 1887 into the family of a Kaluga shoemaker. Russian. From the age of 12 he worked in a printing house, from 1904 a member of the RSDLP. Conducted party work in Moscow and the Urals, studied at the Bologna party school. "The February revolution finds him on the run from the Narym region." Later he worked as chairman of the Leningrad Council of Trade Unions.

The collegium of the People's Commissariat for Military and Naval Affairs consisted of:

DYBENKO Pavel Efimovich. Born in 1889 into a family of hereditary peasants from the village of Lyudkov, Novozybkovsky district, Chernigov province. As he noted in his autobiography of the mid-1920s, "Mother, father, brother and sister still live in the village of Lyudkov and are engaged in the peasantry." He graduated from a 4-year city school, from the age of 17 he worked as a loader in the port, then as a sailor. In 1911 he was handed over to the army for participating in strikes and served in the Baltic Fleet. In 1917 the chairman of Tsentrobalt, an active participant October revolution and civil war.

KRYLENKO Nikolai Vasilievich is a hereditary revolutionary. Born in 1885 in the Sychevsky district of the Smolensk province in a family of exiled Ukrainians. Graduated from St. Petersburg University, participated in the student movement, a Bolshevik since 1904. During the First World War he was mobilized into the army, received the rank of ensign. In 1917 he was consecutively elected chairman of the regimental, divisional, and army committee. In the days of October, he was appointed the Supreme Commander-in-Chief.

OVSEENKO Vladimir Alexandrovich (pseudonym Antonov). Was born in 1884 in Chernigov. Father Alexander Anisimovich - nobleman, lieutenant, then captain of the reserve regiment, veteran Russian-Turkish war, so that Vladimir Ovseenko can be considered a hereditary military man. After graduating from the Voronezh cadet corps, he studied at the Nikolaev military engineering and St. Petersburg cadet schools. During the 1st Russian Revolution, as an active participant, he was sentenced to death by the Sevastopol military court, but escaped. November 7, 1917 personally supervised the seizure of the Winter Palace.

And, finally, the Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov (Lenin). I would like to emphasize that in the aforementioned "Resolution" all the people's commissars are named by their real names (pseudonyms are given in brackets). There are most rumors about Vladimir Ilyich as the leader of the Bolsheviks. The statement that he - Jewish origin... However, this thesis is not an axiom, but a version. Indeed, there is documentary evidence that his ancestor, Alexander Dmitrievich Blank, was actually a cross of Israel Blank. But the studies of the Moscow historian M. Bychkova (1993) showed that in the first half of the 19th century, two full namesakes, two A.D. Blanks, of about the same age, served in St. Petersburg in the medical department. One of them was actually a baptized Jew, and the other came from an Orthodox Moscow merchant family. So, the Russian Blank rose to the rank of court councilor, which gave the right to hereditary nobility. Blank-Jew was not in the civil service, but worked in private hospitals (for example, at the Zlatoust factory), so he had no such right. As you know, V.I.Ulyanov was a nobleman, thus, one can definitely consider that his grandfather was the Russian A.D. Blank. According to M. Bychkova, at one time the personages of the two Blanks were deliberately mixed by someone. Let's put aside speculation: V. I. Ulyanov, who grew up in the Great Russian cultural environment, was Russian in spirit, language and origin. It is difficult to understand how a quarter of Jewish blood (even if it was, which is problematic) can outweigh; great Russian.

They may object: but all of the above are only the first composition of the Soviet government. So what is next? Well, let's look further. According to the text of the "Resolution", the post of People's Commissar for Railway Affairs "temporarily remains unreplaced." A few days later this place was taken by

ELIZAROV Mark Timofeevich, son of a serf peasant from the village of Bestuzhevka, Samara province. Russian. While studying at St. Petersburg University, he joined the Samara community and became close to the Ulyanovs - Alexander and Anna. Vladimir Ilyich was even a witness at the wedding of Mark and Anna. Later Elizarov studied at the Moscow Engineering School of the Ministry of Railways, worked in the management of the Moscow-Kursk railway and at the same time led a roar. circles among the workers. In 1919 he died of typhus.

On November 12, 1917, the FIRST woman minister in the world, KOLONTAI Alexandra Mikhailovna, was appointed as the people's commissar of the state inspectorate. Born Domontovich, daughter of a general from a noble family of Ukrainian origin, dating back to the Pskov princes. She studied at the University of Zurich, in 1906 she joined the RSDLP.

ESSEN Eduard Eduardovich, from the Russified German barons, was the People's Commissar of State Control from November 19, 1917. Born in 1879 in St. Petersburg, member of the RSDLP since 1898. In 1917 - Chairman of the Vasileostrovsky District Council of Deputies.

Two weeks later, several people's commissars resigned due to disagreement with Lenin's political line. Their places were taken by:

People's Commissar for Internal Affairs PETROVSKY Grigory Ivanovich. From the hereditary peasants of the village of Pechenegi, Kharkov province, Ukrainian. He studied for two and a half years at school and was expelled due to lack of money to pay for his studies. He worked in a blacksmith, locksmith, then as a turner at a factory, a member of the RSDLP since 1897. He was a deputy of the State Duma of Russia from the workers of the Yekaterinoslav province (1912-1914).

Commissar PODBELSKY Vadim Nikolaevich. Born in 1887 in Yakutia into a family of exiled Narodnaya Volya members. Russian. An active participant in the Revolution of 1905, joined the RSDLP, led party work in Tambov and Moscow. He died in 1920.

People's Commissar of Health Nikolay Alexandrovich SEMASHKO. From the peasants of the Oryol province of the Yelets district of the village of Livenskaya. He studied at the medical faculty of Moscow University, participated in the student movement, was expelled and exiled. After graduating from Kazan University, he worked as a doctor, then in exile - Secretary of the Foreign Bureau of the RSDLP. In 1917 he was the chairman of the Zamoskvoretskaya District Council in Moscow.

The People's Commissariat for Military and Naval Affairs was reorganized. Nikolai Ilyich PODVOISKY, the son of a priest from the village of Kunashovka, Nezhinsky district, Chernigov province, became the People's Commissar for Military Affairs (is it really a Jew?). He studied at the Chernigov Theological Seminary and the Yaroslavl Legal Lyceum, a party member since 1901, in 1917 - the head of the Military Organization of the RSDLP and the Military Revolutionary Committee.

Commissar PROSHYAN Prosha Perchevich, whom even Pan Lukyanenko recognized as an Armenian. But not a Bolshevik - from 1905 a member of the Socialist-Revolutionary Party, in 1917 a Left Socialist-Revolutionary. An ardent polemicist, in March 1918 during the "Brest Discussion" he retired, participated in the anti-Bolshevik uprising in July 1918, was outlawed and soon died of typhus.

People's Commissar of State Property KARELIN Vladimir Alexandrovich. Born in 1891. Russian, from the nobility, the son of a collegiate councilor. Graduated from university, lawyer, journalist. In 1917 he was elected chairman of the Kharkov City Duma, a Left Socialist-Revolutionary.

People's Commissariat for Land KOLEGAEV Andrey Lukich. Born in Surgut, Tyumen province, into a bourgeois family. Russian. Since 1905, a member of the Socialist-Revolutionary Party. In exile, he studied at the University of Paris. In 1917 he was elected chairman of the Kazan Council of Peasant Deputies. Under his leadership, the collegium of the People's Commissariat, consisting entirely of Left Social Revolutionaries, developed a draft Law on the Socialization of the Land, approved by the 3rd All-Russian Congress of Soviets in 1918.

And, finally, Isaak Zakharovich STEINBERG. Lawyer with a university education, People's Commissar of Justice from 12/13/1917 to 3/18/1918. He distinguished himself by releasing a number of major anti-Bolshevik figures (V. Burtsev, A. Gots) from arrest on parole. Yes, a Jew, but here's the catch - he's not a Bolshevik. Steinberg represented the Left Socialist Revolutionary Party, which was then part of the government coalition with the RSDLP (b).

So also given example does not in any way support the legitimacy of the term "Jewish Bolsheviks", which are so dashingly used by domestic "nationally preoccupied" anti-communists.

It is pertinent to recall the characterization of the English diplomat Colonel R. Robins, given back in 1917: "The First Council of People's Commissars, based on the number of books written by its members, and the languages ​​they speak, in its culture and education was higher than any cabinet of ministers in the world." ...

I will note that out of 92 people who worked in the SNK in 1917-1918, 51 had a higher or incomplete higher education, 18 - secondary or special.

However, this list is very different from the official data on the composition of the first Council of People's Commissars. First, the Russian historian Yuri Yemelyanov writes in his work “Trotsky. Myths and personality ”, it includes people's commissars from various structures of the Council of People's Commissars, which have changed many times. Secondly, according to Emelyanov, Dikiy mentions a number of People's Commissariats that never existed at all! For example, on cults, on elections, on refugees, on hygiene ... But the really existing people's commissariats of communication lines, mails and telegraphs are absent from Dikiy's list at all!
Further: Dikiy claims that the first Council of People's Commissars included 20 people, although it is known that there were only 15 of them.
A number of positions are inaccurate. So, the chairman of the Petrograd Soviet G.E. Zinoviev never actually held the post of People's Commissar of Internal Affairs. Proshyan, whom Dikiy for some reason calls "Protian", was the People's Commissar for Posts and Telegraphs, not agriculture.
Several of the mentioned "members of the Council of People's Commissars" never entered the government. I.A. Spitsberg was the investigator of the VIII liquidation department of the People's Commissariat of Justice. Who is meant by Lilina-Knigissen is generally not clear: whether the actress M.P. Lilina, or Z.I. Lilina (Bernstein), who worked as the head of the department of public education at the executive committee of the Petrosovet. A.A. cadet Kaufman participated as an expert in the development of the land reform, but he also had nothing to do with the Council of People's Commissars. The surname of the People's Commissar of Justice was not Steinberg at all, but Steinberg ...

See Council of People's Commissars. * * * SNK SNK, see Council of People's Commissars (see Council of People's Commissars) ... encyclopedic Dictionary

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Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR (Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR, SNK RSFSR) the name of the government of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic from the October Revolution of 1917 to 1946. The Council consisted of People's Commissars, actually ministers, ... ... Wikipedia

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• Criminal Code of the RSFSR, SNK RSFSR. The official text as amended on July 1, 1950 and with the attachment of article-by-article-systematized materials. Reproduced in the original author's spelling of the 1950 edition ...

However, this list is very different from the official data on the composition of the first Council of People's Commissars. First, the Russian historian Yuri Yemelyanov writes in his work “Trotsky. Myths and personality ”, it includes people's commissars from various structures of the Council of People's Commissars, which have changed many times. Secondly, according to Emelyanov, Dikiy mentions a number of People's Commissariats that never existed at all! For example, on cults, on elections, on refugees, on hygiene ... But the really existing people's commissariats of communication lines, mails and telegraphs are absent from Dikiy's list at all!
Further: Dikiy claims that the first Council of People's Commissars included 20 people, although it is known that there were only 15 of them.
A number of positions are inaccurate. So, the chairman of the Petrograd Soviet G.E. Zinoviev never actually held the post of People's Commissar of Internal Affairs. Proshyan, whom Dikiy for some reason calls "Protian", was the People's Commissar for Posts and Telegraphs, not agriculture.
Several of the mentioned "members of the Council of People's Commissars" never entered the government. I.A. Spitsberg was the investigator of the VIII liquidation department of the People's Commissariat of Justice. Who is meant by Lilina-Knigissen is generally not clear: whether the actress M.P. Lilina, or Z.I. Lilina (Bernstein), who worked as the head of the department of public education at the executive committee of the Petrosovet. A.A. cadet Kaufman participated as an expert in the development of the land reform, but he also had nothing to do with the Council of People's Commissars. The surname of the People's Commissar of Justice was not Steinberg at all, but Steinberg ...