Symptoms, types and prevention of fatigue in adults and children. Fatigue and overwork

Long hours of continuous mental work is tiring, unproductive, and it reduces the reserve capacity of thought processes. There is no person who would not be interested in maintaining high performance for as long as possible. And it largely depends on the ability to organize your work. High performance can be achieved if the following conditions are met:

Any work should be started gradually,

It is necessary to observe a certain sequence and systematicity in any type of activity,

You should correctly alternate between different types of work, work and rest;

There must be a favorable attitude towards the work of the one who works on the part of society.

Performance is not always the same; it changes throughout the day, week, year.

It is necessary to distinguish between fatigue and overwork (pathological condition). Why is overwork dangerous? Something that can lead to diseases and neuroses. Signs of overwork:

Bad feeling,

Increased irritability

Insomnia,

Decreased interest in work

Decreased performance.

What will help avoid overwork :

The change in processes of excitation and inhibition is the basis for the normal functioning of the central nervous system. Monotony and monotony tire faster; it is necessary to change from one type of work to another in order for groups and centers of the nervous system to work alternately, so that their load alternates with rest.

Compliance with the principle of gradualism, especially at the beginning of work: you should not start quickly and hastily.

Reasonable breaks, but not too long to remain focused. For example, a lecturer after 1 hour of work needs a break of 10-15 minutes, an accountant after 2-2.5 hours - 15-20 minutes. walking, i.e. change the type of activity.

Concentration.

Creative inspiration.

“Creative inspiration is a reward for persistent work” (N.E. Repin). “Inspiration is a guest that cannot visit the lazy.” (P.I. Tchaikovsky).

Helps overcome fatigue:

Hard work,

Perseverance,

Persistence,

Patience,

Interest in work

A strong desire to achieve a specific goal

Creative activity.

Organization of scientific work

Features of scientific work are:

Creative character,

The dependence of the effectiveness of scientific work on the intellectual, moral, volitional qualities of the worker, his psychophysical state,

Continuity between living scientific work and work carried out in previously completed research,

Collectivity,

Dynamism of organizational forms.

The organization of any mental work, including scientific work, is based on planning, regulation, accounting.

3. Provide a reserve of time.

4. Draw up a detailed work plan (calendar), preferably in writing.

5. Notebooks and alphabet books reduce the time spent searching for the necessary phone numbers, names, addresses, etc.

6. Maintain card indexes (factual, address, etc.) and research records, record the progress of work.

Scientific work is characterized by the concept self-organization. The researcher himself organizes his workplace, establishes the sequence of performing individual stages of work and carries it out independently, following the work regime, using self-restraint where necessary, not forgetting about self-criticism and criticality.

Overwork is often not taken seriously. And in vain, because such a condition is a serious disorder of the functioning of the nervous system and causes many serious illnesses: chronic fatigue, depression, neurosis, and in the long term leads to muscle atrophy and the development of mental illnesses.

That is why it is important to recognize the symptoms of fatigue in time in order to take action and prevent it from worsening. After all, this is not just a bad mood or temporary fatigue, but a real disease of the nervous system that requires treatment, like any other ailment.

Overfatigue is a pathological condition that is expressed in exhaustion of the nervous system and disruption of excitation-inhibition functions. In practice, this means that the human nervous system, under the influence of constant stress, is under tension, but practically does not relax.

It is literally “overwhelmed” with signals from the brain, muscles, and sensory organs and does not have time to process them. As a result, nerve impulses reach muscles and organs late or in a distorted form. Outwardly, it looks like impaired concentration, memory impairment, drowsiness, muscle pain and other signs.

Doctors distinguish four types of overwork:

• physical;
• emotional;
• mental;
• nervous.

Despite the fact that these types are formally separated, in reality they are closely related to each other. As a rule, a person develops two or several types of fatigue - simultaneously or one after the other.

The nervous system permeates all other systems and organs of a person, so it is quite natural that nervous exhaustion causes a decrease in muscle tone (accordingly, physical fatigue) or malfunctions in the functioning of the endocrine system, which is responsible, among other things, for mood (from which it is not far from emotional fatigue). It is also obvious that nervous exhaustion has a negative effect on brain function.

Therefore, if you discover signs of one type of overwork, you should not hope that you are protected from another. Rather, on the contrary - this indicates that you are in a high-risk group.

How different types of overwork manifest themselves

Different types of overwork have their own characteristic symptoms, from which it is easy to understand the nature of the disease. It is extremely important to pay attention to them and not confuse them with ordinary fatigue.

Physical

Signs of physical fatigue:

• A persistent feeling of fatigue that cannot be relieved with the usual types of rest.
• Muscle pain.
• Sleep disorders (restless, interrupted sleep, nightmares, insomnia).
• Weakness, lethargy of muscles.
• Slowing reactions.

There can be many reasons for physical fatigue. Among them:

• Prolonged physical work without rest and the opportunity to relax or redistribute the load (for example, irrationally planned training for athletes).
• Monotonous physical work, even if it is not difficult, can lead to overwork.
• One-time, but very strong physical activity is also very risky.

Constant tension in the muscles leads to stagnation of blood in them and “hardening” of muscle tissue. Muscle spasms and “tightness” are also common, leading to severe pain. In addition, with excessive loads, microtraumas are caused to the muscle fibers - they “tear”.

With proper alternation of loads and rest, the fibers have time to recover, “healing” the breaks with the help of protein, but if you do not give the muscles rest for a long time, they will not have the opportunity to regenerate.

Emotional

Emotional exhaustion is no less destructive than physical exhaustion. The cause is excessive stress, which leads to persistent emotional burnout. It must be said that burnout in such a situation is a kind of defense mechanism.

The fact is that any emotion is a set of biochemical reactions: various hormones are involved in the experience of emotion, as well as many nerve pathways and endings.

Remember adrenaline, which mobilizes all body systems, serotonin and many other hormones that are produced in various situations and, in essence, shape our emotions.

Now imagine that under the influence of the same type of unpleasant situations, the same set of hormones is produced in the body, and the same type of signals are transmitted along the nerve pathways. By the way, this set of hormones often includes adrenaline - it should help cope with stress.

But in reality, a kind of poisoning of the body with hormones occurs, and an unbearable load falls on the nervous system. To prevent the nervous system from “burning out,” the body partially “turns off” it. This helps for a while, but the consequences of such “protection” in the long run are even more disastrous.

Emotional fatigue, or exhaustion, manifests itself in the following signs:

1. Lethargy, apathy.
2. Inhibited reactions.
3. Loss of tactile sensitivity.
4. Sometimes there is a weakening of taste sensations.
5. Flattening and weakening of emotions.
6. In cases of severe overwork, some emotions may simply disappear (in fact, they do not disappear anywhere - all biochemical processes continue to occur, but the person does not feel them and does not feel any experiences).
7. Irritability, frequent and unpredictable mood swings.
8. Desire for solitude (a person spends less time in the company of other people, becomes unsociable, does not tolerate being around someone else).
9. Sleep disorders - restless, interrupted sleep, insomnia, nightmares.

Emotional fatigue is a very dangerous phenomenon, which, if not paid attention to, leads to depression. Depression is by no means a “bad mood”, it is a serious disorder of brain function in which the production of many important hormones (for example, serotonin) stops.

This leads to biochemical changes in the brain itself, and often these changes are irreversible. Therefore, it is so important to recognize overwork in a timely manner - its symptoms are often clearly visible, the main thing is not to make the mistake of attributing them to “laziness” or “mood.”

There are a lot of reasons that cause emotional fatigue, but they all boil down to one thing - a person experiences a state of stress for a long time. Stress can be caused by a variety of situations:

• Nervous, stressful work associated with communicating with a large number of people and/or constantly making serious decisions.
• Unfavorable family environment.
• Some kind of severe shock.

Stress can be not only negative, but also positive. An excess of positive emotions can also lead to overwork.

Nervous

Nervous fatigue is similar to both types described above. It is closely related to the physical, and very often these two types of disorders occur simultaneously or one entails the other.

Overstrain of the nervous system is expressed in disruption of the transmission of nerve impulses.

Often, the body, as in the case of emotional exhaustion, partially “turns off” the nervous system.

All this manifests itself in the form of the following symptoms:

• general weakness;
• a constant feeling of drowsiness, an increase in the amount of time required for sleep (instead of the usual eight hours, a person begins to sleep ten to twelve);
• weakening of emotions;
• impaired tactile sensitivity;
• muscle fatigue;
• headache.

Nervous exhaustion can be caused by stress, hard work (especially monotonous work), as well as constant adverse effects on the senses. For example, high noise levels, strong unpleasant odors and similar irritants.

“Overload” of the senses gradually leads to nervous exhaustion, which easily develops into neuroses, tics, and asthenic conditions. An unfavorable emotional background - fear, anxiety, irritation - also provides excellent conditions for the occurrence of nervous fatigue.

Mental

Mental fatigue occurs as a result of intense intellectual stress to the limit of capabilities. Very often it develops “in combination” with nervous fatigue. Overfatigue of this kind can be caused by both excessively high and excessively prolonged intellectual stress.

In addition, its development is facilitated by insufficient oxygen supply to the brain. A stuffy room and lack of physical activity (and, as a result, blood stagnation) spur the development of mental exhaustion.

Mental exhaustion can be recognized by the following signs:

• deterioration of concentration and memory;
• absent-mindedness;
• sleep disturbances, constant feeling of fatigue (while there may be no drowsiness);
• decreased tactile sensitivity;
• appetite disorders.

All types of overwork are characterized by a decrease in the “pace of work” of the body. The body seems to go into energy saving mode.

Common symptoms of different types of fatigue

This manifests itself in symptoms that are the same for all types of fatigue, regardless of the cause and nature:

• An increase in the length of time required for sleep, and at the same time the inability to get enough sleep.
• Decreased or increased blood pressure.
• Heart problems: changes in heart rhythm, murmurs, etc.
• A decrease in the level of platelets in the blood and at the same time an increase in the number of leukocytes.
• Despite the large number of leukocytes, decreased immunity.
• Problems concentrating.
• Problems in the functioning of the digestive system.
• Decreased muscle tone.

It is extremely important to recognize the signs of overwork in time - this is the only way to avoid it turning into more serious illnesses. Severe overwork usually develops into depression, neuroses and other diseases that often require hospital treatment.

Another sign of the disorder is an increase in temperature. The temperature rarely rises during overwork, but if it still exceeds normal levels, this is a very ominous sign.

This may mean either an excess of blood in the vessels of the brain (which happens with mental and nervous fatigue), which leads to headaches, nosebleeds and other unpleasant consequences, or that the body, weakened by fatigue, has been attacked by a virus, and somewhere inside there is an inflammatory reaction. a process that can also cause the temperature to rise.

Overwork in children

It is difficult for many to imagine that not only adults, but also children can suffer from various types of overwork. However, overwork in adolescents and schoolchildren, unfortunately, is a very common disorder.

It must be remembered that the nervous system of an adult is already mature and “trained”; it is easier for it to cope with many loads. The child's nervous system is much more sensitive and more susceptible to disturbances. Therefore, various disorders affect children’s nerves faster, develop more actively and are much more difficult to treat.

And the reasons that cause these disorders (for example, fear of answers at the board or ridicule of peers) seem “frivolous” to adults only because adults have a nervous system that is already formed and quite strong, and almost no one is able to fully feel the sensations of a child.

Fatigue in a child can be caused by the following reasons:

• Troubles at school: conflicts with peers, bad relationships with teachers, etc. Since the child spends a lot of time at school almost every day, his body finds himself in a state of constant, daily stress.
• Lack of sleep. Lack of sleep is much more dangerous for a child than for an adult.
• Poor nutrition. It does not in itself cause fatigue, but interferes with normal recovery after ordinary stress.
• Excessive intellectual workload: too many lessons, homework, extra clubs, and so on.

Children, like adults, are susceptible to all four types of fatigue. Likewise, they are often diagnosed with multiple types at the same time. Treatment and prevention methods for children are the same. Treatment of fatigue in adults and children follows the same principles.

What can you do to overcome overfatigue?

Different types of overwork require different approaches. In case of physical fatigue, the main attention should be paid to relaxing tense muscles, restoring normal blood flow and providing oxygen. In case of mental stress – a decrease or change in the nature of the intellectual load.

For nervous conditions – minimizing irritating factors and restoring normal reactions of the nervous system. In case of emotional fatigue, treatment is aimed at leveling and stabilizing the emotional background and normalizing the functioning of the hormonal system.

For physical fatigue, the following remedies are useful:

• taking a bath;
• massage;
• reducing or, if possible, avoiding physical activity;
• changing your diet, consuming large amounts of vitamins.

Even just being in warm water helps your muscles relax. You can take pine baths - they are very soothing and very useful for overwork, and simply for tiredness. A warm bath relaxes muscles, while a hot bath, on the contrary, tones. It is recommended to take baths for 10-15 minutes.

Be extremely careful if you have a heart condition! If you have heart problems, very hot baths are not advisable.

Massage helps normalize blood flow in the muscles, relieve tension and restore tone. It is best to contact a professional massage therapist, but sometimes it is enough to just stretch your muscles.

For mental fatigue, the first thing you need to do is:

• reducing the volume and intensity of intellectual loads;
• change in the nature of loads, change of activity;
• physical exercise;
• Fresh air.

Switching between types of activity allows the brain to change its “operating mode,” which is very useful for mental fatigue. Physical exercise and walks in the air (or even simple ventilation) help normalize blood circulation in the brain and improve its oxygen supply.

For nervous and emotional fatigue, it is recommended:

• Stopping or reducing contact with a source of irritation (sound, smell, etc.) or situations that cause tension.
• Low-intensity physical exercise, walking.
• Consumption of B vitamins and vitamin C.
• Devoting time to an activity that brings positive emotions.
• High-quality, complete, preferably long (at least two weeks) rest.

Ways to Prevent Overtiredness

Is it possible to prevent overwork? Of course, it is possible, moreover, it is necessary.

The simplest ways to prevent overwork are as follows:

• increasing the amount of vitamins in the diet, especially B vitamins, vitamins C and D;
• changing sleep patterns;
• mandatory rest; in case of hard, intensive work – short but regular breaks;
• clear dosing of physical and mental stress in accordance with the characteristics of the body.

Vitamins are very useful for the nervous system, they improve its stability and enhance “conductivity”. If your diet does not contain enough vitamins, you need to take vitamin supplements.

It is extremely important to sleep in the dark. Only in low light conditions do the hormonal processes necessary for the restoration of the body begin. Therefore, it is not even how much you sleep that matters, but when you do it.

Any work requires breaks - it is not necessary to make them long, it is much more important that they be regular and approximately equal in duration.

College of Technology and Design

“Fatigue and overwork, their signs and prevention measures”

In the discipline "Physical Education"

Performed by a student from group BD-13

specialty 02/38/07. "Banking"

Kuzmina Valeria Viktorovna

Checked by the teacher:

Sokolova O.P.

Introduction

The vital activity of the body is a constant process consisting of work and rest. A person works, gets tired, rests, works again, and this continues throughout his life. Fatigue following work is a normal state of the body. This is a quantitative and qualitative decrease in working capacity due to strenuous activity. The more tired a person is, the lower the efficiency of his work.

The term “fatigue” is often synonymous with fatigue, although these concepts are not equivalent. Fatigue is a subjective experience, a feeling that reflects fatigue. A feeling of fatigue can occur without real fatigue, but fatigue can occur with any type of activity, i.e. during physical and mental work. Mental fatigue is characterized by a decrease in intellectual work, impaired attention, etc. Physical fatigue is manifested by impaired muscle function: decreased strength, speed of movement, etc.

Fatigue

A distinction is made between mental and physical fatigue, but this division is conditional, since in labor processes mental labor is combined with physical labor. Both types of fatigue are a consequence of changes in the functions of the central nervous system, and during physical labor - also in the functions of the motor apparatus. Fatigue is a decrease or loss of performance.

Prior to a decrease in performance, there is discoordination of movements and autonomic functions and a decrease in the efficiency of the body’s physiological expenditures during muscle activity.

When you are tired, fatigue appears - a feeling of tiredness. Fatigue does not always correspond to tiredness. Work done with great interest, with a sense of purpose, causes positive emotions and less fatigue. Conversely, fatigue occurs earlier and more when there is no interest in work, although there are no signs of fatigue.

The younger the child is, the earlier he stops working without reporting fatigue. In children 8-9 years old, fatigue is not important as a sign of fatigue. In young people and older people, it manifests itself before the onset of early signs of fatigue.

Fatigue occurs in the brain's analyzers. As a result of excitation, in which depolarization and reversal occurs, the content of No. 1 ions in neurons increases and the content of K ions decreases. It is assumed that dendrites protect neurons from overfatigue, since during fatigue Na ions are pushed onto the surface of the dendritic membrane and K ions are pumped inside In this case, Na ions diffuse from the neuron body into its dendrites, and K ions from the dendrites into the neuron body. Inhibition restores the functionality of neurons, since hyperpolarization increases their excitability. Changes in the exchange of ions through membranes during fatigue are the result of a shift in the metabolism inside the neuron, which ensures their passage, and the exchange of the mediator.

Excitation upon receipt of presynaptic impulses increases the release of acetylcholine quanta from the vesicles by approximately 70 times, and the synthesis of acetylcholine by 7 times. The synthesis of acetylcholine is especially high in the neurons of the cerebral cortex, in the subcortical ganglia and in the diencephalon. The higher the presynaptic potential, the greater the release of acetylcholine. With hyperpolarization, the presynaptic potential (EPSP) increases and the release and destruction of acetylcholine increases. The magnitude of the EPSP is approximately proportional to the amount of transmitter acting on the neuron. Therefore, by multiplying the EPSP value by the frequency of impulses per unit time, it is possible to determine the amount of transmitter released and destroyed during rhythmic stimulation. The supply of acetylcholine in a neuron is sufficient for approximately 10 thousand impulses. Since acetylcholine comes only from those vesicles that are adjacent to the presynaptic membrane, despite the constant replacement of these empty vesicles, the depletion of its supply may exceed the need for its mobilization, especially with frequent impulses that quickly follow each other.

Neurons of the cerebral hemispheres and neurons of the spinal cord have the following differences:

The lability of pyramidal motor neurons is approximately six times greater than that of motor neurons of the spinal cord, due to the rapid mobilization of the transmitter in the presynaptic endings. This provides a high pulse frequency for short-term stimulation.

Postsynaptic inhibition in motor neurons of the cerebral hemispheres is much stronger and longer lasting than in the spinal cord. This ensures selectivity of movements during learning due to the suppression of extraneous movements by inhibition. The irradiation of impulses in motor neurons is also inhibited by IPSPs in inhibitory neurons of the cortex, subcortical ganglia and diencephalon.

Excitation impulses arise in motor neurons of the cerebral cortex and subcortical centers on dendritic spines, which suggests a special role for spines in learning new movements.

The enhanced functioning of neurons in the cerebral cortex leads to an increase in the areas at the spine synapses that are affected by the transmitter, to an increase in the activity of these areas and to a more rapid mobilization of the transmitter.

The structural features and properties of neurons in the cerebral cortex determine the relatively slow onset of mental and physical fatigue when switching from one type of mental work to another and when periodically replacing it with physical exercise, as well as during active rest after physical work.

Adynamia and physical inactivity during mental work contribute to the onset of mental fatigue due to a decrease in the functions of proprioceptors and a sharp decrease in the influx of proprioceptive impulses into the nervous system, reducing its tone. When tired, the excitability of the receptors also decreases.

In the development of fatigue, a significant role also belongs to changes in the functional state of the autonomic nervous system, which manifests itself in violations of autonomic functions and, above all, the cardiovascular and respiratory systems.

These are the unconditioned reflex mechanisms of fatigue. In addition, fatigue is also caused by a conditioned reflex. An environment in which fatigue has repeatedly arisen can become a conditioned complex stimulus that causes fatigue even without previous work. The environment in which interesting work was done does not cause fatigue.

Mental fatigue manifests itself in weakened attention, motor restlessness, lethargy, and drowsiness. During mental work, as fatigue sets in, the sensitivity thresholds of the analyzers (vision, hearing, etc.) increase. With mental fatigue, the pulse quickens, systolic blood pressure rises, and in the temporal artery it increases by 20-40 mmHg. Art. By the end of the working day, the height of the T wave of the electrocardiogram decreases, reflecting the recovery processes in the myocardium. After intense mental work, muscle effort and dynamic work decrease significantly. Light muscular work increases mental performance, and prolonged, heavy work greatly reduces it. Mental and physical fatigue depends on health, hygienic working conditions, its organization, nature, duration, and work equipment.

Overwork

Overwork is not a normal physiological phenomenon, but a dysfunction of the body. It occurs during repeated repetition of mental and physical work without a sufficient interval to restore performance, when the onset of fatigue is added to the remainder of the fatigue from previous work. It is the result of a violation of the shift between work and rest, excessive complexity and overdose of mental and physical labor, its monotony, monotony, or, conversely, excessive saturation with emotions. The physiological basis of fatigue is a dysfunction of the cerebral hemispheres, which manifests itself in a disorder of motor and autonomic reflexes and their coordination. Signs of overwork are chronic mental disorders: weakening of attention, absorption, memory, thinking, as well as headaches, apathy, lethargy, drowsiness during the day, insomnia at night, loss of appetite, muscle weakness. Overfatigue and overtraining are accompanied by a decrease in natural immunological factors: the phagocytic activity of leukocytes, the bactericidal properties of the skin and salivary lysozyme (N. A. Fomin, 1973). Overwork can lead to nervous and mental illnesses. Therefore, it is necessary to prevent its occurrence.

Signs of fatigue and overwork

If the cause of the uncomfortable state is mental overstrain, then an early sign of fatigue is reduced to:

To memory impairment.

Problems with the speed of information processing.

It becomes difficult for a person to concentrate.

There is a feeling of emptiness and fog in the head.

The appearance of this symptomatology is associated with prolonged and intense mental work, for example, preparing a student for an exam; work is associated with the constant solution of mental problems.

If a person’s professional activity is associated with physical activity, it can be hard physical work or monotonous work, even with a small load. For example, such a condition can be observed in a person working on an assembly line, in an athlete after a grueling workout, in a truck driver after a long drive, and so on. Early signs of fatigue of this nature appear:

Performance decreases:

The person begins to work automatically.

If at the initial stage a worker could perform several actions at the same time, for example, directly perform his professional actions, talk, look out the window, then, over time, his strength is only enough for work.

Gradually, movement coordination fails and the worker’s body begins to spend more energy to do the same work.

Labor productivity is falling.

There is a loss of attention; it is more difficult for a person to concentrate on performing certain actions.

The number of marriages is increasing.

As a result, such a situation can lead to an accident.

The signs of fatigue and overwork are quite obvious and familiar to almost everyone.

Such a person is haunted by constant drowsiness.

He may be plagued by constant, almost never-ending headaches, the intensity of which varies throughout the day.

Even after a seemingly peaceful night, such a person feels weak and “broken.” That is, during sleep, the body is no longer able to restore the amount of energy that was spent during the day.

Despite the constant desire to sleep, it takes a long time to fall asleep.

Such a person is also haunted by other diseases. It would seem that as soon as one thing is treated, another immediately sets in. What is the result of reduced immunity.

A sign of fatigue and overwork is memory deterioration and decreased performance at the physical level.

A person develops apathy and a desire to be left alone.

Distraction of attention appears. Such a person may need to make some effort to concentrate.

All of these factors can cause high blood pressure.

In this state, people become taciturn.

Overwork does not go away without a trace for the nervous system either.

Nervous breakdowns.

Sudden change of mood.

Such a person has a desire to be alone.

He may react inadequately to a seemingly insignificant response.

Hysterics.

Feeling of anxiety, increased irritability.

Tension in relationships with loved ones.

Measures to prevent fatigue and overwork

To prevent overwork, it is necessary to normalize the daily routine: eliminate lack of sleep, skillfully select the load, and correctly alternate between activities and rest. In increasing performance and preventing fatigue, minimizing the effort spent on maintaining body posture, holding tools, devices, etc. plays a significant role. fatigue overwork physical inactivity

Measures of psychological prevention of fatigue Extremely important for maintaining optimal performance and preventing undesirable degrees of stress are satisfaction with the results of work and other moral factors, manifested in a new attitude to work, which at one time gave rise to the Stakhanov movement, the deployment of socialist competition, and the responsibility of everyone for the work of the collective.

Measures to prevent fatigue and improve performance To reduce fatigue when performing local muscular work, it is recommended to carry out the following measures: Reduce the number of movements and static stress by changing the technology of using small-scale mechanization equipment. Reduce the amount of effort when performing labor operations - rationalize work and rest regimes. It is extremely important to normalize the work and rest regime. From a physiological point of view, a five-day work week with two days off in a row is advisable. This weekend regimen reduces physiological costs by 12%. It is advisable to take two vacations during one year of work. The ergonomic component of the labor process is also very important.

Measures to prevent fatigue:

) physiological rationalization of labor to save and limit movements during work;

) uniform distribution of load between different muscle groups;

) compliance of production movements with habitual human movements;

) rationalization of working posture;

) exemption from unnecessary auxiliary operations;

) proper organization of work breaks;

) mechanization and automation of production, sanitary improvement of production premises (cubic capacity, microclimatic conditions, ventilation, lighting, aesthetic design).

Active rest, in particular physical exercises carried out during short production breaks, is of great importance in the prevention of fatigue. Physical education at enterprises increases labor productivity from 3 to 14% and improves some indicators of the physiological state of the body of workers.

Recently, functional music, as well as relaxation rooms or psychological relief rooms, have been used quite successfully to relieve neuropsychic stress, combat fatigue, and restore performance. The beneficial effect of music is based on the positive emotional mood it evokes, which is necessary for any type of work.

A major role in organizing the production process is played by the rhythm of work, which is closely related to the mechanism of formation of a dynamic stereotype. Factors that disrupt the rhythm of work not only reduce productivity, but also contribute to rapid fatigue. For example, rhythm and relatively uncomplicated work on a conveyor belt bring working movements to automaticity, making them easier and requiring less stress on nervous activity.

However, excessive automaticity of working movements, turning into monotony, can lead to premature fatigue and drowsiness. Since a person’s performance fluctuates throughout the day, a variable rhythm of conveyor movement is required, with gradual acceleration at the beginning of the working day and deceleration towards the end of the shift.

A necessary factor for the prevention of fatigue, undoubtedly, is the sanitary improvement of production premises (cubic capacity, microclimatic conditions, ventilation, lighting, aesthetic design).

Conclusion

To prevent the occurrence of overwork, it is necessary to have a correct healthy lifestyle, observe a daily routine: avoid lack of sleep, skillfully select the load, correctly alternate activities and rest, etc. It is important to be in a good mood, to be able to rejoice in your successes and the successes of others, and to be an optimist. Treatment of overwork will be successful only in cases where all the causes that caused it are eliminated and the load is brought in accordance with the general lifestyle.

* This work is not a scientific work, is not a final qualification work and is the result of processing, structuring and formatting the collected information intended for use as a source of material for independent preparation of educational works.

Introduction

Physical education and sports give a person happiness, health, strength, flexibility, and the ability to control his body and himself.

It is never too late for anyone to discover the joy of physical education and various sports. But, of course, it is better to start them before the first signs of illness or decreased performance appear. However, numerous “diseases of the century” are not an obstacle for a novice athlete.

Every person is aware of the beneficial role of physical exercise. However, they have not yet become permanent life companions for everyone. Explaining this phenomenon, sociologists name various reasons: laziness, lack of time, lack of conditions for classes, etc. At the same time, many people would like to exercise in their free time from work or study, but do not know how to do it.

The purpose of the work is to become familiar with ways to improve human performance.

The objectives of the work are to consider the signs of fatigue, fatigue and overwork, to determine the causes of their occurrence, to consider the preventive and restorative complexes of the body in case of fatigue, fatigue and overwork.

The relevance of the chosen topic lies in the fact that prevention and restoration of the body in case of fatigue, exhaustion and overwork are necessary procedures.

Signs of fatigue, exhaustion and overwork, their causes and prevention

Overfatigue is a pathological condition that develops in a person as a result of chronic physical or psychological overstrain, the clinical picture of which is determined by functional disorders in the central nervous system.

Fatigue is a physiological state of the body that occurs as a result of activity and is manifested by a temporary decrease in performance. The term “fatigue” is often used as a synonym for fatigue, although these are not equivalent concepts: fatigue is a subjective experience, a feeling that usually reflects fatigue, although sometimes a feeling of fatigue can occur without a previous load, i.e. without real fatigue.

Fatigue can appear during both mental and physical work. Mental fatigue is characterized by a decrease in the productivity of intellectual work, weakening of attention, speed of thinking, etc. Physical fatigue is manifested by impaired muscle function: a decrease in strength, speed of contractions, accuracy, consistency and rhythm of movements.

Performance can be reduced not only as a result of the work done, but also due to illness or unusual working conditions (intense noise, etc.).

The timing of the onset of fatigue depends on the characteristics of the work: it occurs much more quickly when performing work that is accompanied by a monotonous posture and tension of limited muscles; Rhythmic movements are less tiring. A person’s attitude towards the task at hand also plays an important role in the appearance of fatigue. It is well known that many people during periods of emotional volume do not experience signs of fatigue or feelings of tiredness for a long time.

Insufficient rest or excessive workload for a long time often leads to overwork. When overtired, headaches, absent-mindedness, decreased memory and attention are noted, and sleep is disturbed.

Overfatigue is a pathological condition that develops in a person as a result of chronic physical or psychological overstrain, the clinical picture of which is determined by functional disorders in the central nervous system.

The basis of the disease is an overstrain of excitatory or inhibitory processes, a violation of their relationship in the cerebral cortex. This allows us to consider the pathogenesis of overwork to be similar to the pathogenesis of neuroses. Prevention of overwork is based on eliminating the causes that cause it. Therefore, intensive loads should only be used with sufficient preliminary preparation. In a state of increased stress, intensive classes should be alternated with physical activity, especially in the days after exams or tests.

Under the influence of a strong irritant (stressor), an adaptation syndrome, or stress, develops in the body, during which the activity of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland and the adrenal cortex increases. These changes in the endocrine system largely determine the development of adaptive reactions in the body to intense physical or psychological activity. However, chronic overexertion can lead to depletion of the adrenal cortex and thereby disrupt previously developed adaptive reactions in the body. It should be emphasized that during the development of fatigue, the central nervous system includes and regulates stress reactions. The pathogenesis of fatigue is based on a disruption of the processes of cortical neurodynamics, similar to what occurs with neuroses.

In a state of overwork, a person’s basal metabolism increases and carbohydrate metabolism is often disrupted. Impaired carbohydrate metabolism manifests itself in deterioration of glucose absorption and utilization. The amount of sugar in the blood at rest decreases. The course of oxidative processes in the body is also disrupted. This may be indicated by a sharp decrease in the content of ascorbic acid in the tissues.

As already noted, it is generally accepted that there are two types of fatigue: one occurs during mental activity, the other during muscular work. However, today, when there is a convergence of mental and physical labor in production, it has become practically difficult to distinguish between mental fatigue and muscular fatigue in its pure form. In any work activity there are components inherent in both mental and physical labor.

How to deal with fatigue, tiredness and overwork?

Prevention of fatigue, exhaustion and overwork is based on eliminating the causes that cause it. Therefore, intensive loads should only be used with sufficient preliminary preparation. In a state of increased stress, intensive classes should be alternated with physical activity, especially in the days after exams or tests. All violations of the lifestyle, work, rest, sleep and nutrition, as well as physical and mental injuries, intoxication of the body from foci of chronic infection must be eliminated. Intensive exercise after any illness or in a state of convalescence after illness should be prohibited.

When performing certain physical exercises during work, three main results are achieved: acceleration of the working process; increasing the efficiency of short-term rest during labor; maintaining workers' health. Prevention of overwork is based on eliminating the causes that cause it. Therefore, intensive loads should only be used with sufficient preliminary preparation. In a state of increased stress, intensive classes should be alternated with physical activity, especially in the days after exams or tests. All violations of the lifestyle, work, rest, sleep and nutrition, as well as physical and mental injuries, intoxication of the body from foci of chronic infection must be eliminated. Intensive exercise after any illness or in a state of convalescence after illness should be prohibited.

Restoration of the body

The problem of restoring the normal functioning of the body and its performance after work done (fighting fatigue and quickly eliminating its consequences) “is of great importance in sports. The fact is that, as the level of preparedness increases, the athlete needs an increasingly greater strength of the stimulus (great physical activity) for ensuring continuous functional improvement of the body and achieving a new, higher level of its activity. Increasing the load ensures structural and functional improvement of blood circulation and strengthening the trophic functions of the nervous system, creating a sufficient supply of energy, increasing the capillarization of skeletal and cardiac muscles. All this leads to an increase in the potential capabilities of the body, increasing its functional reserve, adequate adaptation to physical activity, accelerating recovery.The faster the recovery, the more opportunities the body has to perform subsequent work, and, consequently, the higher its functionality and performance. From here it is clear that recovery is an integral part of the training process, no less important than the direct training effects on the athlete.

An inevitable consequence of muscle activity is some degree of fatigue. Fatigue is a physiological, safety mechanism that protects the body from overexertion, and, at the same time, as a trace phenomenon of the work done, promoting the development of adaptation, stimulates a further increase in the performance and fitness of the body. Without fatigue there is no training. It is only important that the degree of fatigue corresponds to the work done.

The degree of fatigue, as well as the speed of recovery, is determined by the complex interaction of many factors, among which the main ones are: the nature of the work done, its direction, volume and intensity, state of health, level of preparedness, age and individual characteristics of the trainee, previous regimen, level of technical training, the ability to relax, etc. If these are competitions, then the degree of their tension and responsibility, the balance of forces, and the tactical plan for their conduct play a significant role. The selective effect of various training loads and operating modes on the musculoskeletal system and its vegetative support during fatigue and recovery has been experimentally proven (B. S. Gippenreiter; A. V. Korobkov; V. M. Volkov, et al.).

The accumulation of fatigue under certain training regimes also has a significant impact on the course of recovery processes. The duration of recovery varies from several minutes to many hours and days, depending on the severity of the listed factors. The faster the recovery, the better the body’s adaptation to the next load, the more work with higher performance it can perform and, therefore, the more its functional capabilities increase and the higher the effectiveness of the training.

With repeated large physical stresses, two opposite states can develop in the body: a) an increase in fitness and an increase in performance, if the recovery processes ensure the replenishment and accumulation of energy resources; b) chronic exhaustion and overwork, if recovery does not systematically occur.

This statement, of course, does not mean that training of qualified athletes should always be carried out against the background of full recovery or super-recovery. Over the past decade, sports practice has convincingly proven not only the possibility, but also the expediency of training at the level of under-recovery during certain periods of micro- and macrocycles, which serves as an incentive to further increase the level of activity of the body and its performance. Medical studies have shown the absence (of course, provided all necessary conditions are met) of any adverse changes in the athlete’s body. However, at certain stages of training, against the background of under-recovery, compensation is periodically necessary to ensure lasting recovery.

Consequently, accelerating recovery, a directed effect on recovery processes, is one of the effective levers for managing the training process. Acceleration of recovery can be achieved both naturally (recovery processes are trainable and it is no coincidence that the speed of recovery is one of the diagnostic criteria for fitness), and by targeted influence on the course of recovery processes in order to stimulate them.

The use of auxiliary means can only give the corresponding effect in combination with the natural way of accelerating recovery due to increased training. Otherwise, shifts in recovery over time will not be adequately provided by the body’s resources, which can not only slow down the natural acceleration of recovery, but also adversely affect the body’s functional reserve. Management of recovery processes is important not only for qualified athletes who train with heavy loads, but also for all other contingents involved in physical education and mass sports, since it contributes to the most favorable perception of loads by the body, and thereby the health-improving effect of exercise. To date, a considerable arsenal of restorative means has been developed and put into practice, which can be classified according to different criteria: by direction and mechanism of action, time of use, conditions of use, etc. The most widespread division of restorative means into three large groups is pedagogical, psychological and medical and biological, the complex use of which, depending on the direction of the training process, tasks and stage of preparation, age, condition and level of preparedness of the trainee, the previous regime, constitutes a recovery system.

Pedagogical means ensure the effectiveness of recovery due to the appropriate construction of training and regimen. This group of funds should be considered as the main one, because no matter what special means are used to speed up recovery, they will have the desired effect only with the right training and regimen. Pedagogical means include: a rational combination of general and special training means, the correct combination of load and rest in micro-, macro- and multi-year training cycles, the introduction of special recovery cycles and preventive unloading, varying loads, training conditions, rest intervals between classes and exercises, widespread use of switching from one type of exercise to another, from one mode of work to another, a full warm-up, the use of muscle relaxation exercises during classes, breathing exercises, self-massage techniques, etc., a full-fledged final part of the lesson, as well as greater individualization of training, rational regimen (especially pre- and post-competition periods), sufficient emotionality of classes, etc.

Psychological means are aimed at quickly normalizing the neuropsychic status of an athlete after intense training and especially competitions, which creates the necessary background for restoring the functions of physiological systems and performance. This can include psycho-pedagogical means (such as, for example, an optimal moral climate, positive emotions, comfortable living and training conditions, interesting varied recreation, sparing the athlete’s psyche, especially in the pre-competition period and immediately after the competition, when recruiting teams, accommodating athletes at training camps etc., individual approach), and psychohygienic means of regulation and self-regulation of mental states: prolongation of sleep, inspired sleep rest, psychoregulatory, autogenic training, color and musical influences, special techniques of muscle relaxation, control of the tone of voluntary muscles, the use of certain medications to balance nervous processes, etc.

The main medical and biological means of recovery are rational nutrition (including the use of additional factors and vitamins), physical factors (hydro-, balneo-, electro-, light and heat treatments, massage, aeroionization), some natural herbal and pharmacological agents, rational daily allowance regime, climatic factors. The mechanism of action of these funds can be imagined as a combination of nonspecific (action on the protective-adaptive forces of the body) and specific influences directly aimed at quickly eliminating the manifestations of general and local fatigue caused by the work done. Through neurohumoral regulatory mechanisms, these drugs affect metabolism, temperature and blood supply to tissues altered due to physical activity, help replenish expended energy and plastic resources, quickly eliminate decay products from the body, restore the normal ratio of nervous processes, thereby helping to restore the functions of regulatory mechanisms and effector organs , eliminating the feeling of fatigue. This allows you to speed up the natural course of recovery processes, increase the body’s adaptation to subsequent muscle activity and its performance.

The use of auxiliary means to control physiological processes changed under the influence of the work done, in order to accelerate its recovery and prevent overexertion during subsequent loads, is physiologically justified and has nothing to do with artificially stimulating the body to increase its performance.

The use of restorative means should be systemic in nature, providing for the complex use of means of different actions in close connection with a specific training regimen and methodology, that is, a rational combination of individual means in accordance with the type of sport, tasks and period of training, nature of work, degree of fatigue, and the athlete’s condition.

Recovery processes are characterized by unevenness, phases (the phase of reduced, initial and increased performance, the latter is recorded not after each work, but at longer stages of training), heterochronism. Heterochronism in the restoration of the vegetative and motor spheres of the body, as well as individual vegetative links, is most pronounced in the late recovery period after exercise, as well as in less trained individuals. Therefore, when choosing restorative means, “one should provide for the possibility of simultaneous influence on different functional parts of the body, ensuring its performance in the mental and somatic spheres, the locomotor system, the central nervous and autonomic systems in order to simultaneously relieve both the nervous and physical components of fatigue.

Combining individual agents into a complex significantly increases the effectiveness of each of them. This applies to both the simultaneous use of pedagogical, psychological and medical-biological means, and the use of individual means from the arsenal of the latter. Of great importance is the direction of the training process and, in particular, a specific lesson or competition, which largely determines not only the selection of means that have a selective or preferential effect on certain functional parts of the body, but also the tactics of their use. The main attention is paid to the effect on the state of those body systems that have undergone the greatest changes under a given load and are most slowly restored, as well as the state of integral systems that ensure performance and adaptation (nervous system, hormonal regulation, blood circulation). Therefore, when selecting recovery means, be sure to take into account the type of sport and the direction of the load in the activity. For example, in cyclic sports, the dependence of the depth and nature of fatigue on the relative power of the work performed, regardless of the structure of movement, is clearly visible (V. S. Farfel; N. V. Zimkin), which makes the cardiorespiratory apparatus the main object for rehabilitation means when working on endurance , metabolic and energy processes.

During acyclic exercises in martial arts and sports games, the nature of fatigue and recovery is largely determined by increased requirements for accuracy and coordination of movements, the function of analyzers, and the neuromuscular system, which determines the advisability of preferential impact on these functional parts of the body. The need for this effect on vegetation and metabolism depends on the total volume of work done, that is, the proportion of endurance work. In all sports, it is very important to achieve the fastest restoration of the balance of nervous processes and humoral-hormonal regulation, which largely determines the restoration of metabolism and vegetative functions of the body.

The individual characteristics of athletes are also of great importance. For example, some of them, even in a state of good training, are characterized by a relatively slow recovery after exercise, which largely depends on the individual characteristics of nervous processes and metabolism. And, conversely, there is a genetically determined ability to recover quickly. It is also necessary to take into account individual sensitivity to certain drugs (pharmacological and certain foods, physiotherapeutic procedures, etc.).

Actively influencing physiological functions, regulating their mechanisms, restorative agents (especially physical, pharmacological and psychological) have and can have a targeted effect on the body, both calming and, on the contrary, stimulating, which also requires taking into account individual characteristics and the nature of fatigue (with the predominance of excitation after exercise or, conversely, inhibition, depression of the athlete). Age is also important. For example, in children, after intense but relatively short duration of work, recovery occurs faster than in adults, and after very strenuous loads, on the contrary, it is slower. In middle-aged and older people, recovery processes slow down.

The state of health, the level of physical development, the nature of professional work, the familiarity of the workload, the conditions under which it is carried out, climatic-geographical and other factors are also of certain importance. Therefore, the selection of restorative agents and the tactics of their use should have a distinct individual focus. Any template is not only ineffective, but in some cases it is not harmless. This applies to the greatest extent to pharmacology and physiotherapy.

It is also very important to take into account the compatibility of the means used, in particular the combination of means of general and local influence (although this division is to a certain extent conditional). It should be taken into account that general effects (baths, showers, general ultraviolet irradiation, aeroionization, nutrition, vitamins, general massage, some medications, etc.) have a wide range of nonspecific restorative effects on the body and adaptation to them occurs more slowly and gradually than to means of local action. Local actions (decompression, electrical stimulation, thermal procedures, chamber baths, local massage, etc.), although aimed directly at relieving local fatigue by improving blood supply, cellular metabolism, thermal effects on individual muscle groups, but at the same time due to the redistribution of blood flow that occurs (its increase in the impact zone and decrease outside it) determine not only local, but also systemic reactions, and thereby a certain general impact.

When the load predominantly affects individual muscle groups, local remedies in combination with water procedures are quite effective; for large-volume loads, general impact means have an advantage; When working, especially at high intensity, it is useful to introduce contrast procedures.

With two workouts a day, local agents are prescribed mainly after the first, and general agents are prescribed after the second workout, after days of heavy loads, mainly general agents are prescribed. Pain requires an urgent increase in performance (for example, during repeated starts, in intervals between loads, etc.), the greatest effect can be obtained when using recovery tools immediately after finishing work. If the main goal is to increase performance in the long-term period of pain (for example, by the next day or later), it is more advisable to prescribe procedures with predominantly general effects 48 hours after exercise (Talyshev F. M., Avanesov V. U.)

When choosing a set of procedures, it is very important that they complement and not reduce the effect of each other. For example, local barotherapy enhances the effect of the previous procedure, electrophoresis has a more complete effect during preliminary thermal procedures, a cool shower neutralizes the effect of a number of procedures, etc. (Talyshev F. M., Belaya N. A., Ioffe L. A. , Zhuravleva A.I.). Since the very effect of physical factors on the body is also accompanied by a certain consumption of biological energy, it is important, when using these procedures after exercise, not to exceed the reactive capabilities of the body, so as not to cause a reverse effect.

It is advisable to use no more than one type of procedure of each type during the day and no more than two procedures in one session. With prolonged use of certain drugs, adaptation occurs, the body gets used to them, which causes a gradual decrease in their restorative effect, that is, the body gradually stops responding to monotonous, monotonous stimuli. Therefore, it is necessary to vary, periodically change not only the means, but also their combination, dosage, and methods of application.

One very important circumstance should be kept in mind. By increasing adaptation to loads, certain restorative agents, when used for a long time, lead to a decrease in the strength of the main stimulus of the training load itself, reducing its training effect. In addition, as is known, for a progressive increase in sports performance, it is necessary to work periodically against the background of a certain under-recovery, which serves as an incentive to achieve a new, higher level of body activity and, subject to subsequent compensation, does not have any adverse effect on health. This means that it is not always necessary to strive to artificially stimulate recovery, especially since regular or too frequent and massive use of pharmacological and some physical agents can slow down the natural course of the recovery process.

The use of a wide range of special means is advisable only in separate cycles during certain periods of preparation, in particular, at stages of pronounced increase in loads and mastering new complex motor tasks, in shock training cycles, at the pre-competition stage and during competitions (especially multi-day ones and with several starts per day) , after a busy season and, of course, for medical reasons to prevent overwork and physical strain, or when their first signs appear. In other cases, it is quite enough to use water procedures, massage, balanced nutrition and a daily routine in combination with pedagogical and psychological means.

Some caution is required in the use of strong drugs (especially pharmacological) during the period of growth and formation of the body. Consequently, recovery means must be prescribed by a doctor strictly individually, in full accordance with the specific training plan, characteristics and condition of the athlete.

Conclusion

Fatigue, fatigue, and overwork occur more quickly in people who have suffered serious illnesses. A relatively insignificant and short-term load causes them headaches, shortness of breath, palpitations, sweating, a feeling of weakness; their performance quickly drops and recovers slowly. In these cases, a gentle work regime and longer rest are necessary.

It is advisable to use no more than one type of procedure of each type during the day and no more than two procedures in one session.

With prolonged use of certain drugs, adaptation occurs, the body gets used to them, which causes a gradual decrease in their restorative effect, that is, the body gradually stops responding to monotonous, monotonous stimuli. Therefore, it is necessary to vary, periodically change not only the means, but also their combination, dosage, and methods of application.

In any business, big or small, the primary source of success or failure is a person. Everything depends on him. Therefore, any business should begin with oneself, with one’s own restructuring, including in views on physical culture and attitude towards it.

Bibliography

1. Guzhalovsky A.A. Today and every day. M.: Physical culture and sport, 1999.

2. Home medical encyclopedia. Ch. ed. IN AND. Pokrovsky. M.: “Medicine”, 1998.

3. Kosilina N.I. Physical culture during the working day. M.: Pofizdat, 2000.

4. Kosilina N.I., Sidorov S.P. Gymnastics during the working day. M.: Knowledge, 1988.

5. Reizin V.M. Physical culture of people of mental work. Minsk: Higher School, 2000.

Fatigue is a certain state of the human body, which is characterized by a temporary decrease in performance. It occurs after prolonged mental or physical stress. Overfatigue is manifested by both a decrease in performance and a decrease in overall vitality. In this case, the body needs to fully recover so that it can function as before.

Types of fatigue. Overwork

Nervous fatigue. Prolonged nervous tension will cause a person to become tired and weak.

Emotional fatigue. In this state, emotional exhaustion occurs; there is no strength to show any feelings. A person can experience neither joy nor grief.

Mental fatigue. In this case, working capacity is reduced due to disruption of processes associated with central nervous regulation. It becomes difficult for a person to think, remember, concentrate his attention on something, and the productivity of intellectual work decreases.

Physical fatigue. It differs in that muscle dysfunction develops, strength, accuracy, consistency and rhythm of movements decrease. Typically, physical fatigue develops gradually.

It is already a pathological state of the body. It develops against the background of constant activity without proper rest, and can manifest itself as neurosis. Its development is based on impaired functioning of the central nervous system, which is expressed in the imbalance of processes such as excitation and inhibition in the brain.

Note! Women are more susceptible to overwork due to their fragile nervous system.

Stages of overwork

• Stage 1. The presence of subjective signs, but no deep disorders. Patients often complain of appetite. It is usually not difficult to cure this condition.
• Stage 2. Objective symptoms are added. Patients have many complaints at this stage, metabolic processes are disrupted. Treatment will already be more complex than in the first stage.
• Stage 3. The most severe degree, it is characterized by a transition to neurasthenia. Requires lengthy and complex treatment.

Fatigue, overwork and chronic fatigue syndrome (video)

In this video you can listen to introductory information that concerns types of fatigue and overwork, as well as ways to combat them.

Causes of fatigue and overwork

Fatigue can occur in the following situations:

• during long periods of mental or physical work;
• with monotonous monotonous work;
• with prolonged exposure to irritants: noise, low lighting, etc.;
• in case of conflicts, lack of interest;
• with malnutrition and various diseases.

Mental fatigue is a frequent companion during exams, sessions, and a busy work schedule.

Emotional fatigue usually occurs as a result of communicating with a large number of strangers.

The causes of overwork are varied. This condition can be caused by: insufficient sleep, lack of physical activity, stress, lack of proper rest, poor nutrition, mental stress. The risk group is athletes, people with unstable mental health and those exposed to excessive physical exertion.

In addition to physical factors, medications can influence the development of fatigue. This applies to antitussives, antiallergics, colds and some other drugs.

Some illnesses can also cause fatigue. The reason is that they reduce a person’s performance and quality of life, and as a result, overwork develops. We are talking about bronchitis, asthma, depression, heart disease, some viral diseases, anemia and so on.

Symptoms of fatigue, overwork

Mental fatigue is easy to confuse with ordinary fatigue. But simply sleeping and resting will most likely not be enough.

The main signs of mental fatigue:

• Problems falling asleep.
• Redness of the eyes (see also -).
• Pale skin.
• The appearance of bags under the eyes.
• Unstable blood pressure (see also -).
• Fatigue that does not go away after rest and sleep.
• Headache for no reason (see also -).

Signs of physical fatigue:

• Sleep disorders. A person has difficulty falling asleep and wakes up repeatedly during the night.
• Constant feeling of fatigue.
• Muscle soreness increases.
• Lethargy or excessive aggression.
• High blood pressure.
• Decreased appetite or its complete absence.
• Weight loss.
• In women, the menstrual cycle may be disrupted.
• Discomfortable sensations in the area of ​​the anatomical location of the heart, heaviness behind the sternum.
• Labored breathing.

Signs of emotional fatigue

• sudden mood swings;
• irritation;
• tendency to solitude;
• loss of strength, insomnia, unstable nervous system.

Signs of nervous fatigue

They are manifested by increased irritability and excessive excitement.

Signs of overwork

In addition to the presence of symptoms characteristic of fatigue, the following may be added:

• nausea, vomiting;
• reflexes are reduced;
• increased sweating;
• fainting states.

Analyzes may reveal leukocytosis, thrombocytopenia, increased hemoglobin and lactic acid.

At this stage, a person has no strength at all; he performs the necessary action with enormous tension. If overwork turns into a breakdown, then there is a complete breakdown of vital processes. Then the person stops performing any activity.

Features of overfatigue in children

Fatigue can develop more rapidly in childhood than in adulthood. Most of these cases occur when the child begins to attend educational institutions. Out of habit, it can be difficult for him to adapt to the rules of the school curriculum.

Other reasons that may contribute to the development of fatigue:

• Fear of public speaking (answer on the board).
• Difficulty communicating with other children.
• Inferiority complex.
• Ridicule from others.

We must always take into account that a child needs not only studies, but also a healthy psyche. Therefore, you need to avoid overload and devote enough time to rest.

Diagnostics

A reliable test that would help determine overwork does not yet exist in nature. As a rule, diagnosis is carried out based on the patient's complaints. The doctor evaluates the subjective and objective signs of the disease. It is possible to use a special therapeutic test. It consists of providing a person with several days dedicated to proper rest. After this, the doctor makes a conclusion about the correctness of the diagnosis and treatment plan.

Since similar symptoms can occur in other diseases, additional laboratory, hardware and instrumental studies may be prescribed.

Treatment

The principles of therapy are built on achieving a reduction in all types of existing stress.

First, you need to establish a daily routine, temporarily stop mental activity and physical activity for a period of 3-4 weeks. As the body recovers quickly, doctors will decide whether the patient can return to normal life.

If the situation is difficult, then you need to do nothing at all for 2-3 weeks to achieve a state of complete relaxation. And only then gradually include active recreation in the form of walks, moderate physical activity, and favorite activities.

Medicines are used only when indicated. Usually these are general strengthening and specific drugs.

• Stimulators of cerebral circulation ("Cavinton", "Ginkgo biloba", "Platifillin").
• Nootropics (Piracetam).
• Sedatives (motherwort, valerian).
• Hormonal drugs. But they are prescribed only in advanced cases.

Along with this, vitamins are prescribed, since fatigue is often a consequence of hypovitaminosis. There are several vitamins that help the nervous system function normally and cope with feelings of fatigue.

• Vitamin C. It provides the necessary energy and prevents fatigue.
• Vitamin E. Helps strengthen vascular walls, protects the brain from destruction.
• B vitamins. Participants in the basal metabolism prevent the development of nervousness, depression, and insomnia.
• Vitamin D. Helps improve performance.

If you need urgent replenishment of vitamins due to severe deficiency, doctors prescribe multivitamin complexes.

In addition to vitamins, it is advisable to use products that increase the overall tone of the body. Such stimulants include: lemongrass, tincture of eleutherococcus and ginseng.

Recently, doctors have been actively using homeopathic remedies to combat fatigue. They are plant-based, so they have minimal side effects. The most common remedies used today are: “Gelsemium”, “Acidum phosphoricum”, “Quininum arsenicosum”.

Traditional medicine also offers its own recipes to combat this problem. True, they will be effective only in the early stages of fatigue. Here are some of the tips:

• Drinking chamomile tea.
• Consumption of currant, raspberry, and lingonberry fruit drinks.
• Drinking rosehip infusion.
• Garlic. You need to eat three cloves daily.

Therapeutic baths with the addition of pine extract, mint, lemon balm, thyme or sea salt will have a positive effect.

Prevention

Fatigue in most cases depends on social and mental factors, so solving this problem is of paramount importance. It would be advisable to take measures to prevent the occurrence of this condition and maintain performance at a high level.

In order to prevent overwork in adults, it is necessary to follow certain lifestyle rules. All you need to do is adhere to the following recommendations:

• You need to engage in physical activity - walking, running, swimming, morning exercises.
• If your work activity is of a mental nature, be sure to alternate it with physical activity.
• If your work involves physical activity, then add mental activity in your free time.
• Weekends are required.
• Choose a way to relax for yourself: visiting a bathhouse, sauna, massage room, spa treatments.
• Don't abuse alcohol.
• Before going to bed, read your favorite book, watch a good movie.
• Try to minimize stressful situations, psycho-emotional stress, and negative emotions.
• From time to time you need to change the environment: trips to relatives, travel, weekends at the dacha.
• Try to get things done on time and avoid rush jobs.

To ensure the prevention of overwork in children, parents need to provide:

• Smart daily routine. A child needs nine hours of quality sleep.
• Everyday walks in the fresh air.
• Regular ventilation of the children's room.
• Balanced diet.

Remember that fatigue and overwork most often result in successful recovery. To do this, it is necessary to eliminate the cause that caused it and carry out high-quality therapy. But sometimes it can lead to the development of somatic diseases and significant disruptions in the functioning of organs and systems.