Nikola ev Andria N Grigorievich. Nikolaev Andrian Grigorievich

Andriyan Grigorievich Nikolaev became the first USSR cosmonaut to float in zero gravity without a spacesuit.

Made two flights into space.

Biography

Andriyan's parents were Chuvash by nationality. Father - Nikolaev Grigory Nikolaevich was a groom on a collective farm, and mother was Alekseeva-Nikolaeva Anna Alekseevna, who worked as a milkmaid.

According to the traditions of those times and people, children bore the surname after their father's name. Initially, Andriyan was Grigoriev. In addition to the future cosmonaut, the family had three more children: the eldest Ivan and the younger brother Peter, as well as sister Zinaida.

In 1929, Andriyan was born in the village of Shorshely. He and his family lived in a small house with only two small windows. He graduated from three educational institutions, not counting school. He is a cosmonaut of the very first recruit of the Air Force group.

Space activities

During his career as an astronaut, Andriyan Grigorievich made two flights into space. The first time he flew was in 1962, and the second time in 1970. In 1965, he joined the training group for Soviet cosmonaut programs.

First flight

The first space flight lasted 3 days 22 hours and 22 minutes. On August 11, 1962, the Vostok-3 spacecraft entered the arbiter. This was the first multi-hour flight, as well as the first group flight (Vostok-4, flown by Pavel Popovich, took part in this operation). The mission of this flight was to experimentally intercept satellites.

The target was Andriyan Nikolaev's spaceship, and the interceptor was Vostok-4. Also, for the first time, the participants in this experiment communicated with each other via radio communication in outer space.

Second flight

He made his second flight as commander on the Soyuz-9 spacecraft. His partner was V. I. Sevastyanov. On June 1, 1970, a ship with two cosmonauts left the Earth’s surface and went into space for 17 days, 19 hours, 58 minutes and 55 seconds. Soyuz 9 completed 286 complete orbits around the planet and returned to Earth on June 19.

Due to such a long flight, the astronauts became unaccustomed to the Earth’s gravity, which was familiar to them, which, in fact, became the reason for difficulties in adapting after landing. This phenomenon will then be called the “Nikolaev effect.”

Family life

Nikolaev Andriyan was married once. His wife is known as the first woman in space. Their marriage received quite a lot of publicity, since it was the only union in which both were astronauts. In the Soviet press their wedding was called “Cosmic”. They lived in marriage for 18 years, they had a daughter, Elena, born in 1964.

The girl also received special attention, since she was a child whose both parents were space explorers. Andriyan and Valentina had two sons-in-law, both were pilots: Elena’s first husband was Igor Alekseevich Mayorov, and the second was Andrey Yuryevich Rodionov. From their daughter’s first marriage, they had a grandson, Aleksey Igorevich Mayorov, who was born in 1995. And on June 18, 2004, a grandson from his second marriage was born - Andrey Andreevich Rodionov.

Memory and honor

While refereeing at the All-Russian Summer Games in the city of Cheboksary, on June 3, 2004, Andriyan Grigorievich suffered a heart attack, from which he died. The streets of former USSR cities and a stadium, children's park and square in the village of Alikovo are named after him. A crater located on the far side of the Moon is also named. There are many monuments in cities, for example: Cheboksary, Chernigov, Smolensk and Nikolaev’s native village of Shorshely. The poem "Star Man" by Stikhvan Shavla is also dedicated to him. There is a medal named after A.G. Nikolaev.

Andriyan Grigorievich Nikolaev was born on September 5, 1929 in the village of Shorshely, Mariinsko-Posad District, Chuvash Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (now the Chuvash Republic). In 1947 he graduated from the Mariinsko-Posad Forestry Technical School and was assigned to work as a foreman for the Yuzhkarelles trust in logging in Karelia. He worked in Karelia until 1950, when he was drafted into the Soviet Army.
Initially he attended air gunner courses, and in August 1951 he was admitted to the Frunze Military Aviation School of Pilots. After graduating from college in 1954, he served in aviation units in the Moscow region. In 1960, he was enlisted in the Soviet cosmonaut corps (1960 Air Force Group No. 1). Completed a full training course for flights on Vostok-class ships. He was G.S. Titov's backup during the flight of the Vostok-2 spacecraft (August 1961).
On August 11 - 15, 1962 he made his first space flight on the Vostok-3 spacecraft. For the first time in the world, a group space flight of two manned spacecraft (Vostok-3 and Vostok-4) was carried out. The flight lasted 3 days 22 hours 22 minutes. After the flight, he continued training in the cosmonaut corps, from 1963 to 1968 he was the commander of the cosmonaut corps. In 1963, he married the world's first female cosmonaut, Valentina Vladimirovna Tereshkova. Without interruption from his main job, he graduated from the Air Force Engineering Academy named after N. E. Zhukovsky in 1968. In 1968 - 1974 - Deputy Head of the Cosmonaut Training Center named after Yu. A. Gagarin. He underwent training for the flight under the “lunar” program, and was the commander of one of the crews. After the closure of the Soviet “lunar” program, he prepared for flights on Soyuz-type spacecraft. He was the commander of the backup crew during the flight of the Soyuz-8 spacecraft (October 1969).
On June 1 - 19, 1970, he made his second space flight as commander of the Soyuz-9 spacecraft. At that time it was the longest space flight. After landing, due to the fact that the astronauts did little physical exercise during the flight, problems arose with the body’s adaptation to earthly conditions. The astronauts felt unwell and could not walk. This condition is called the “Nikolaev effect” in the medical literature. The flight lasted 17 days 16 hours 58 minutes 55 seconds. During two flights into space he flew 21 days, 15 hours, 20 minutes and 55 seconds. In 1974, he was appointed first deputy head of the Cosmonaut Training Center and served in this position until his retirement.
Deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR 6th - 11th convocations. People's Deputy of the RSFSR from 1990 to 1993
Twice Hero of the Soviet Union. Awarded two Orders of Lenin, Orders of the Red Banner of Labor, Red Star, and medals. Awarded the K. E. Tsiolkovsky gold medal, the Cosmos, de Lavaux and Yu. A. Gagarin gold medals (FAI). Hero of Socialist Labor of the People's Republic of Belarus. Hero of Labor DRV. Hero of the MPR. Awarded the Order of Georgiy Dimitrov, Cyril and Methodius (Bulgaria), Banner of the 1st degree with diamonds (Hungary), Sukhbaatar (Mongolia), Star of the 2nd class (Indonesia), Necklace of the Nile (Egypt). Recipient of the Daniel and Florence Guggenheim Awards. Honorary member of the International Academy of Astronautics. Laureate of the USSR State Prize (1981). Honorary citizen of the cities of Kaluga, Smolensk, Rzhev, Makhachkala, Nalchik, Kaspiysk (Russia), Karaganda (Kazakhstan), Darkhan (Mongolia), Sofia, Petrich, Stara Zagora, Varna, Pleven (Bulgaria), Karlovy Vary (Czech Republic), Bouira (Algeria).
A crater on the Moon is named after Nikolaev. Author of the books “Meet Me in Orbit” and “Space is a Road Without End.”
On July 3, 2004, the heart of the USSR pilot-cosmonaut, twice Hero of the Soviet Union, Honorary Citizen of the Chuvash Republic Andriyan Grigorievich Nikolaev stopped beating.
The name of the legendary fellow countryman - the first cosmonaut of the Chuvash Republic A.G. Nikolaev is widely known to all residents of the republic - young and old.

In the history of astronautics there are many names of people who risked their health for the sake of the prosperity of science and made great discoveries. These were people who conquered outer space. Among them is cosmonaut Andrian Grigorievich Nikolaev. What his life was like on Earth and in space, read in this article.

G. in childhood

In the family of simple peasants - milkmaid Anna and groom Grigory, a son was born in 1929, who was named Andrian. They then lived in a small village called Shorshely (Chuvash Republic).

Until Andrian said goodbye to school, he bore the surname Grigoriev (from his father’s name - Grigory, this was the custom at that time).

In addition to Andrian, there were three more children in the family; they lived very poorly. The future cosmonaut dreamed of becoming a paramedic, but his parents could not give their son a medical education. Therefore, on the recommendation of his older brother, Andrian entered the forestry technical school and moved to Mariinsky Posad. In 1947, he successfully graduated from technical school and was assigned to the Yuzhkarelles trust as a foreman, where he worked in logging until 1950. Then he joined the army and forever connected his life with aviation. In 1951 he entered the aviation school, and then from 1954 he served in military units near Moscow.

Biography: cosmonaut G. - first flight

In 1960, the first group was formed, which included Nikolaev. During flight training, he always worked at full strength, never finishing training until he realized that he had mastered that part of the program 100%. He understood that there was nothing important or not very important here - any omission could lead to dire consequences.

The 1962 flight, in which Andrian Grigorievich took part, was very productive.

The first group flight in the history of astronautics with the participation of the Vostok-3 and Vostok-4 spacecraft made it possible to draw conclusions about the quality of radio communications beyond the Earth. During the flight, the results of many scientific, technical and medical experiments were obtained. The first person who was in the ship without a spacesuit was cosmonaut Nikolaev.

His biography indicates that the books “Space - a road without end” and “Meet me in orbit,” which many space enthusiasts read at one time, are a description of his own impressions and experiences.

Biography: cosmonaut A. G. Nikolaev - second journey into space

In 1970, the longest (at that time) space flight was carried out, the commander of the ship was Andrian Grigorievich. The journey lasted more than 17 days. After landing, a phenomenon called the “Nikolaev effect” was discovered. The astronauts were unable to move for some time and felt very unwell as a result of the fact that they did virtually no physical exercise throughout the flight. Nikolaev supplemented the flight training program with the information that sports simulators must be installed on the ship.

Biography: cosmonaut A. G. Nikolaev - personal life

In 1963, the first woman in the world to choose Valentina Tereshkova became the wife of Andrian Grigorievich. After 18 years of marriage, they separated. Daughter (the only child in the world whose parents are astronauts) Elena chose the profession of a doctor.

In 2004 (July 3), the great cosmonaut, twice Hero of the USSR, suffered a heart attack, as a result of which he died at the age of 74.

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Biography, life story of Nikolaev Andriyan Grigorievich

Nikolaev Andriyan Grigorievich - Soviet cosmonaut. The world's first cosmonaut to work in orbit without a spacesuit.

Childhood and adolescence. Education

Andriyan Nikolaev was born in the village of Shorshely (Chuvash Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic) on September 5, 1929. His parents were simple peasants. Mother Anna Alekseevna worked as a milkmaid, father Grigory Nikolaevich was a groom. In addition to Andriyan, the couple raised three more children - the eldest boy Ivan, the youngest Peter and the girl Zinaida. The family was poor, but friendly and united.

Little Andriyan dreamed of becoming a doctor, but the financial insolvency of his parents did not allow him to obtain a medical education. After school, on the advice of his older brother, the young man became a student at the Mariinsky Posad Forestry Technical School, from which he graduated in 1947.

After graduating from technical school, Andriyan Nikolaev was assigned as a logging foreman at the Yuzhkarelles trust. In 1950, the young man was drafted into the army. This became for Andriyan a ticket to the desired future associated with aviation. Thanks to his service, in 1951 he entered the Chernigov Higher Military Aviation School of Pilots, where he studied until 1954. Then Nikolaev continued to serve in military units of the Moscow region. The next educational institution from which Andriyan Grigorievich graduated was the Air Force Engineering Academy named after N.E. Zhukovsky (year of release – 1968). In 1975, Nikolaev successfully defended his dissertation and became a candidate of technical sciences.

Career

In 1960, Andriyan Nikolaev became a member of the first group of cosmonauts of the USSR. In 1962, from August 11 to 15, Nikolaev made 64 orbits around the Earth on the Vostok-3 ship. During this flight, Andriyan Grigorievich was the first in the then short history of astronautics to unfasten himself from his seat and soar without a spacesuit in weightlessness.

CONTINUED BELOW

In 1964, Andriyan Grigorievich was appointed commander of a detachment of Soviet cosmonauts. From 1965 to 1969, Nikolaev was a member of a group of cosmonauts who were preparing according to the Soviet program for the L1/Zond flyby of the Moon.

From June 1 to June 19, 1970, Andriyan Grigorievich, commander of the Soyuz-9 spacecraft, made 286 revolutions around the Earth in 424 hours 59 minutes. Upon returning home, the ship's crew experienced significant difficulties adapting to Earth's gravity. This phenomenon was called the Nikolaev effect.

In 1968-1974, Andriyan Nikolaev worked as deputy head of the Cosmonaut Training Center named after. In 1974 he became first deputy. At the same time, he became involved in political activities - he was a deputy of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR. In 1994, he became an employee of the staff of the Credentials Commission of the State Duma of the Russian Federation.

Andriyan Nikolaev is the owner of many honorary titles, prizes, orders and medals, including gold ones. In addition, he is twice Hero of the Soviet Union, Hero of the Mongolian People's Republic

Personal life

From 1963 to 1982, Andriyan Nikolaev was married to, the first female cosmonaut. On June 8, 1964, the “space” couple had a daughter, Elena.

Death

Andriyan Grigorievich Nikolaev died on July 3, 2004 from a heart attack. A tragic event occurred in Cheboksary, where the cosmonaut was a judge at the V All-Russian Summer Rural Sports Games. The ceremonial burial of Nikolaev took place in his native village of Shorshely.

		Chapel at the grave in the village of Shorshely
		Bust in Chernigov
		Memorial sign on the Avenue of Stars in Cheboksary
		Monument in Cheboksary
		Monument in Cheboksary (view 2)
		Memorial plaque in Krasnodar
		Tombstone
		Bust in Smolensk
		Alley of Cosmonauts in Yerevan

Nikolaev Andriyan Grigorievich - pilot of the Vostok-3 spacecraft and commander of the Soyuz-9 spacecraft, pilot-cosmonaut of the USSR.

Born on September 5, 1929 in the village of Shorshely (now a village in the Mariinsko-Posad district of Chuvashia). Chuvash. In 1947 he graduated from the Mariinsky Posad Forestry Technical School. He worked as a logging foreman at the Derevyansky timber industry enterprise (Prionezhsky district, Karelia).

In the army since April 1950. In 1950 he graduated from the air gunner school at the Kirovabad Military Aviation School of Pilots. In 1950-1951 he served in combat units of the Air Force as an air gunner (in the Carpathian Military District). In 1951-1952 he studied at the Chernigov Military Aviation School of Pilots, and in 1954 he graduated from the Frunze Military Aviation School of Pilots. Served in air defense aviation.

In March 1960 - January 1982 - in the cosmonaut corps. Completed 2 space flights with a total duration of 21 days 15 hours 21 minutes.

On August 11-15, 1962, he made a space flight on the Vostok-3 spacecraft lasting 3 days 22 hours 22 minutes. This was the world's first group space flight (with the Vostok-4 spacecraft, piloted by P.R. Popovich).

For the successful execution of the flight and the courage and heroism shown to Major Nikolaev Andriyan Grigorievich By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated August 18, 1962, he was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union with the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal (No. 11116).

In 1968, without interruption from his main job, he graduated from the N.E. Zhukovsky Air Force Engineering Academy (engineering faculty).

On June 1-18, 1970, as commander of the Soyuz-9 spacecraft (together with flight engineer V.I. Sevastyanov), he made his second space flight lasting 17 days 16 hours 58 minutes. At that time it was the longest space flight. After landing, due to the fact that the astronauts did little physical exercise during the flight, problems arose with adapting the body to earthly conditions. The astronauts felt unwell and could not walk. This condition in medicine is called the “Nikolaev effect.”

For the successful execution of the flight and the courage and heroism displayed, Colonel Andriyan Grigorievich Nikolaev On July 3, 1970, he was awarded the second Gold Star medal (No. 87/2).

In 1968-1974 - deputy, in 1974-1992 - first deputy head of the Cosmonaut Training Center. Since August 1992, Aviation Major General A.G. Nikolaev has been in reserve.

Lived in Star City, Shchelkovsky district, Moscow region. He died on July 3, 2004 in the city of Cheboksary (Chuvashia). He was buried on the territory of the Cosmonautics Museum in his native village of Shorshely.

Major General of Aviation (1970), pilot-cosmonaut of the USSR (1962), Honored Master of Sports of the USSR (1962), military pilot 1st class (1962), cosmonaut 2nd class (1970), honorary radio operator of the USSR (1962), Candidate of Technical Sciences (1975). He was awarded the Order of Lenin (08/18/1962), the Red Banner of Labor (01/15/1976), the Red Star (06/17/1961), “For Service to the Motherland in the Armed Forces of the USSR” 3rd degree (05/30/1988), medals, and foreign awards. USSR State Prize (1981). Hero of Labor of Vietnam (1962), Hero of Labor of Mongolia (1965), Hero of Socialist Labor of Bulgaria. He was awarded the K.E. Tsiolkovsky Gold Medal of the USSR Academy of Sciences, as well as the FAI Gold Space Medal (1962), two de Lavaux medals (1962; 1970) and the FAI Gagarin Gold Medal (1970).

Honorary citizen of the Chuvash Republic, the cities of Kaluga, Kaspiysk, Makhachkala, Nalchik, Rzhev, Smolensk; Gyumri (Armenia); Karaganda (Kazakhstan); Darkhan (Mongolia); Sofia, Varna, Petrich, Pleven and Stara Zagora (Bulgaria); Karlovy Vary (Czech Republic); Bouir (Algeria). A crater on the far side of the Moon is named after him. A bronze bust was installed in his native village, a monument in Cheboksary. Busts were also installed in Chernigov (on the territory of the Chernigov VVAUL) and Smolensk.

Essays:
I am “Falcon”. M., 1962;
Meet me in orbit. M., 1966;
Space is a road without end. M., 1979, etc.