How to make 25 percent solution. Formula for solving solutions

The date: 26.06.2020

(obtain from a more concentrated solution less concentrated)

1 Action:

The number of ml of a more concentrated solution (which must be diluted)

Required volume in ml (which must be prepared)

The concentration of a less concentrated solution (the one that needs to be obtained)

Concentration of a more concentrated solution (which is divorced)

2 Action:

Number of ml of water (or diluent) \u003d or water to (AD) required volume ()

Task number 6. In the vial of ampicillin there is a 0.5 dry drug. How much should the solvent be taken so that 0.1 g of dry matter is 0.1 ml of the solution.

Decision:when the antibiotic is diluted with 0.1 g of dry powder, 0.5 ml of solvent is taken, therefore, if

0.1 g of dry substance - 0.5 ml of solvent

0.5 g of dry substance - x ml of solvent

we get:

Answer: In order to be 0.1 g of dry matter in 0.5 ml of the solution, it is necessary to take 2.5 ml of solvent.

Task number 7. The Penicillina bottle is 1 million units of dry drug. How much is needed to take the solvent, so that in 0.5 ml of the solution there were 100,000 units of dry matter.

Decision: 100,000 units of dry substance - 0.5 ml of dry matter, then in 100,000 units of dry substance -0.5 ml of dry matter.

1000000 EDS

Answer: In order to obtain a 100 meter of dry matter in 0.5 ml of the solution, it is necessary to take 5 ml of solvent.

Task number 8. In the bottle of oxacylina there is a 0.25 dry drug. How much do you need to take the solvent so that in 1 ml of the solution it was 0.1 g of dry matter

Decision:

1 ml of solution - 0.1g

x ml - 0.25 g

Answer: In order to be 0.1 g of dry matter in 1 ml of the solution, it is necessary to take 2.5 ml of solvent.

Task number 9.. The price of the division of insulin syringe - 4 units. How many divisions of the syringe correspond to 28 units. insulin? 36 units? 52 units?

Decision:In order to find out how many divisions of the syringe corresponds to 28 units. Insulin is necessary: \u200b\u200b28: 4 \u003d 7 (divisions).

Similar to: 36: 4 \u003d 9 (divisions)

52: 4 \u003d 13 (divisions)

Answer:7, 9, 13 divisions.

Task number 10.. How much you need to take a 10% solution of clarified chlorine lime and water (in liters) for cooking 10l 5% solution.

Decision:

1) 100 g - 5g

(d) active substance

2) 100% - 10g

(ml) 10% solution

3) 10000-5000 \u003d 5000 (ml) of water

Answer: It is necessary to take 5000 ml of clarified chlorine lime and 5000 ml of water.

Task number 11.. How much should you take a 10% solution of chlorine lime and water for cooking 5l 1% solution.

Decision:

Since 100 ml contains 10 g of active substance that

1) 100g - 1ml

5000 ml - x

(ml) of the active substance

2) 100% - 10ml

00 (ml) 10% solution

3) 5000-500 \u003d 4500 (ml) of water.

Answer:it is necessary to take 500 ml of a 10% solution and 4500 ml of water.

Task number 12.. How much do you need to take a 10% solution of chlorine lime and water for cooking 2l 0.5% solution.

Decision:

Since 100 ml contains 10 ml of active substance,

1) 100% - 0,5ml

0 (ml) of the active substance

2) 100% - 10 ml

(ml) 10% solution

3) 2000-100 \u003d 1900 (ml) of water.

Answer:it is necessary to take 10 ml of 10% solution and 1900 ml of water.

Task number 13.. How much should chloramine (dry matter) in g and water for the preparation of 1 liter 3% solution.

Decision:

1) 3g - 100 ml

2) 10,000 - 300 \u003d 9700ml.

Answer: For the preparation of 10 liters of 3% of the solution, it is necessary to take 300g chlorine and 9700ml of water.

Task number 14. How much should the chlorine (dry) in r and water for the preparation of 3 liters of 0.5% of the solution.

Decision:

The percentage is the amount of substance in 100 ml.

1) 0.5 g - 100 ml

2) 3000 - 15 \u003d 2985ml.

Answer: To prepare 10 liters of 3% of the solution, it is necessary to take 15g chlorine and 2985ml of water

Task number 15. . How much should the chlorine (dry) in g and water for the preparation of 5 liters of 3% of the solution.

Decision:

The percentage is the amount of substance in 100 ml.

1) 3 g - 100 ml

2) 5000 - 150 \u003d 4850ml.

Answer:for the preparation of 5 liters, 3% solution is required to take 150g chlorine and 4850 ml of water.

Task number 16.. To form a warming compression of a 40% solution of ethyl alcohol, it is necessary to take 50ml. How much do you need to take 96% alcohol to produce warming compress?

Decision:

By formula (1)

Answer:To prepare a heating compression from a 96% solution of ethyl alcohol, it is necessary to take 21 ml.

Task number 17.. Prepare 1 liter 1% solution of chlorine lime for processing inventory from 1 liter uterine 10% solution.

Decision: Calculate how much you need to take a ml of 10% solution for the preparation of 1% solution:

10g - 1000 ml

Answer:To prepare 1 liter of 1% of the chlorine lime solution, you need to take 100 ml of a 10% solution and add 900 ml of water.

Task number 18. The patient should take a cure for 1 mg in powders 4 times a day within 7 days, then how much it is necessary to write this medicine (calculation in grams).

Decision:1g \u003d 1000mg, therefore, 1 mg \u003d 0.001

Calculate how many patients need medicines per day:

4 * 0.001 g \u003d 0.004 g, therefore, for 7 days it needs:

7 * 0.004 g \u003d 0.028

Answer:this medicine must be written 0.028.

Task number 19. The patient needs to introduce 400 thousand units of penicillin. The bottle is 1 million units. Divide 1: 1. How many ml of the solution must be taken.

Decision: During dilution 1: 1 in 1 ml of solution contains 100 thousand units of action. 1 Penicillin bottle of 1 million units is divorced with a 10 ml solution. If the patient needs to introduce 400 thousand units, then it is necessary to take 4 ml of the resulting solution.

Answer: It is necessary to take 4 ml of the resulting solution.

Task number 20. Enter a patient 24 insulin units. The price of the division of the syringe is 0.1 ml.

Decision: In 1 ml insulin contains 40 units of insulin. In 0.1 ml of insulin contains 4 units of insulin. To introduce a patient 24 insulin units, it is necessary to take 0.6 ml of insulin.

SI units in clinical laboratory diagnostics.

In clinical laboratory diagnostics, the international system of units is recommended to be applied in accordance with the following rules.

1. A liter should be applied as units. It is not recommended in the denominator to apply dollars or multiple from liters (1-100 ml).

2. The concentration of the measured substances is indicated as molar (mol / l) or as a massive (g / l).

3. The molar concentration is used for substances with a known relative molecular weight. The ion concentration is indicated in the form of molar.

4. Mass concentration is used for substances, the relative molecular weight of which is unknown.

5. The density is indicated in g / l; Clearance - in ML / s.

6. The activity of enzymes on the amount of substances in time and volume is expressed as mol / (C * L); μmol / (C * L); NMOL / (C * L).

When translating the mass units per unit of the amount of substance (molar), the recalculation coefficient is K \u003d 1 / Mr, where Mr is a relative molecular weight. In this case, the initial mass unit (gram) corresponds to a molar unit of the amount of the substance (mole).

General characteristics.

Solutions are homogeneous systems consisting of two or more components and products of their interaction. The role of the solvent can be performed not only water, but also ethyl alcohol, ether, chloroform, benzene, etc.

The dissolution process is often accompanied by heat release (exothermic reaction - dissolution of caustic alkali in water) or heat absorption (endothermic reaction - dissolution of ammonium salts).

Liquid solutions include solids solids in liquids (salt solution in water), solutions of liquids in liquids (ethyl alcohol solution), gases in liquids (CO 2 in water).

Solutions can be not only liquid, but also solid (glass, silver and gold alloy), as well as gaseous (air). The most important and distributed are aqueous solutions.

Solubility - the property of the substance is dissolved in the solvent. By solubility in water, all substances are divided into 3 groups - well-soluble, low-soluble and practically dissatible. Solubility, first of all, depends on the nature of substances. Solubility is expressed by the amount of grams of a substance that can be maximally dissolved in 100 g of solvent or solution at a given temperature. This amount is called solubility coefficient or simply solubility of the substance.

The solution in which at this temperature and the volume does not occur further dissolution of the substance, called saturated. This solution is in equilibrium with an excess of the soluble substance, it contains the maximum possible amount of substance under these conditions. If the concentration of the solution does not reach the saturation concentration under these conditions, the solution is called unsaturated. In the proportioned solution of the substance contains more than in a saturated solution. Explosive solutions are very unstable. A simple shake of the vessel or contact with the crystals of the dissolved substance leads to instantaneous crystallization. At the same time, the suspension solution goes into a saturated solution.

The concept of "saturated solutions" should be distinguished from the concept of "deranged solutions". Concentrated is a solution with a high dissolved substance. Saturated solutions of different substances can vary greatly at a concentration. In well-soluble substances (potassium nitrite), saturated solutions have a high concentration; In small-soluble substances (barium sulfate), saturated solutions have a small concentration of the dissolved substance.

In the overwhelming majority of cases with an increase in temperature, the solubility of the substance increases. But there are substances whose solubility with an increase in temperature increases slightly (sodium chloride, aluminum chloride) or even decreases.

The solubility dependence of various substances from temperature is depicted graphically using solubility curves. On the abscissa axis, the temperature is placed on the axis of the ordinate - solubility. Thus, it is possible to calculate how much salt drops out of the solution when it is cooling. The discharge of substances from the solution with a decrease in temperature is called crystallization, while the substance is highlighted in its pure form.

If impurities are contained in the solution, then the solution will be unsaturated with respect to them even with a decrease in temperature, and the impurities are not falling into the precipitate. This is based on the method of purification of substances - crystallization.

In aqueous solutions, more or less durable compounds of the dissolved substance particles with water are formed - hydrates. Sometimes such water is so firmly connected with a solvable substance that it is part of the crystals.

Crystalline substances containing water in their composition are called crystallohydrates, and water is crystallization itself. The composition of the crystallohydrates is expressed by the formula, indicating the number of water molecules per molecule of substance - CUSO 4 * 5H 2 O.

The concentration is the ratio of the amount of the dissolved substance to the amount of solution or solvent. The concentration of the solution is expressed in weight and voluminous relations. Weighing percentage relations indicate the weight content of the substance in 100 g of solution (But not in 100 ml of solution!).

Technique preparation of approximate solutions.

The necessary substances and solvent in such respects are having, so that the total amount is 100 g. If the solvent is water, the density of which is equal to one, is not weighed, and the volume equal to the mass is measured. If the solvent is a liquid, the density of which is not equal to one, or weighed, or the amount of solvent is pronounced in grams divided into the density indicator and calculate the volume that occupies liquid. The density P is the ratio of body weight to its volume.

For a unit of density adopted density of water at 4 0 S.

The relative density D is called the density ratio of this substance to the density of another substance. Practically determine the density ratio of this substance to the density of water adopted per unit. For example, if the relative density of the solution is 2.05, then 1 ml of it weighs 2.05 g.

Example. How much do you need to take 4 carbon chloride for the preparation of 100 g 10% fat solutions? 10 g of fat and 90 g of solvent CCl 4 or, measuring the volume occupied by the necessary amount of CCl 4, divide the mass (90 g) to the relative density d \u003d (1, 59 g / ml).

V \u003d (90 g) / (1, 59 g / ml) \u003d 56, 6 ml.

Example. How to prepare a 5% solution of copper sulfate from the crystal hydrate of this substance (based on anhydrous salt)? Molecular weight of copper sulfate - 160 g, crystal hydrate - 250 g

250 - 160 x \u003d (5 * 250) / 160 \u003d 7.8 g

Consequently, you need to take 7.8 g of crystallohydrate, 92.2 g of water. If the solution is prepared without recalculation of anhydrous salt, the calculation is simplified. Assay a given amount of salt and add a solvent in such a quantity so that the total weight of the solution was 100 g.

Volumetric percentage relations show how much substance (in ml) is contained in 100 ml of solution or gas mixture. For example, a 96% ethyl alcohol solution contains 96 ml of absolute (anhydrous) alcohol and 4 ml of water. Volumeful percentage use when mixing interconnected liquids, when preparing gas mixtures.

Weight-volume percentage ratios (conditional way of expressing concentration). Indicate the weight of the substance contained in 100 ml of solution. For example, a 10% NaCl solution contains 10 g of salts in 100 ml of solution.

Technique preparation of percentage solutions from concentrated acids.

Concentrated acids (sulfur, salt, nitric) contain water. The ratio of acid and water in them is indicated in weight percentage.

The density of solutions is in most cases above the unit. The percentage of acids is determined by their density. In the preparation of more diluted solutions from concentrated solutions, the content of water in them is taken into account.

Example. It is necessary to prepare a 20% solution of sulfuric acid H 2 SO 4 of concentrated 98% sulfuric acid with a density d \u003d 1.84 g / ml. Initially, we calculate in which the amount of concentrated solution contains 20 g of sulfuric acid.

100 - 98 x \u003d (20 * 100) / 98 \u003d 20.4 g

It is almost more convenient to work with volumetric, and not with weights, units of acids. Therefore, it is calculated which volume of concentrated acid occupies the desired weight amount of the substance. For this, the number obtained in grams is divided into density indicator.

V \u003d m / p \u003d 20, 4/1, 84 \u003d 11 ml

It can be calculated in another way when the concentration of the initial solution of the acid is immediately expressed in the weight and voluminous percentage.

100 - 180 x \u003d 11 ml

When it does not require special accuracy, when diluted with solutions or mixing them to obtain solutions of another concentration, you can use the following simple and fast way. For example, it is necessary to prepare a 5% solution of ammonium sulfate from a 20% solution.

Where 20 is the concentration of the resulting solution, 0 - water, and 5 - the required concentration. From 20, we subtract 5, and the value obtained is written in the lower right corner, subtracting 0 out of 5, we write a digit in the upper right corner. Then the scheme will take the following form.

This means that you need to take 5 parts 20% solution and 15 parts of water. If 2 solution is mixed, the diagram is preserved, only the original solution with a smaller concentration is written in the lower left corner. For example, a mixing of 30% and 15% of solutions need to get 25% solution.

Thus, you need to take 10 parts of a 30% solution and 15 parts of a 15% solution. Such a scheme can be used when no particular accuracy is required.

Applicable solutions include normal, molar, standard solutions.

Normal is called a solution, in 1 g of which contains a M - EQ solved substance. The weight quantity of the complex substance expressed in grams and is numerically equal to its equivalent, is called gram - equivalent. When calculating the equivalents of compounds like bases, acids and salts can be used in the following rules.

1. The equivalent of the base (E O) is equal to the molecular weight of the base divided by the number of groups in its molecule (or on the metal valence).

E (NaOH) \u003d 40/1 \u003d 40

2. The equivalent of acid (EC) is equal to the molecular weight of the acid divided by the number of hydrogen atoms in its molecule, which can be replaced by metal.

E (H 2 SO 4) \u003d 98/2 \u003d 49

E (HCl) \u003d 36.5 / 1 \u003d 36.5

3. The equivalent of salts (EC) is equivalent to the molecular weight of the salt divided into the product of the valence of metal, by the number of its atoms.

E (NaCl) \u003d 58.5 / (1 * 1) \u003d 58.5

In the interaction of acids and bases, depending on the properties of the reactants and the reaction conditions, all the hydrogen atoms present in the acid molecule are not necessarily replaced by an atom of metal, and acidic salts are formed. In these cases, grams - the equivalent is determined by the number of hydrogen atoms substituted on the atoms of metals in this reaction.

H 3 PO 4 + NaOH \u003d NAH 2 PO + H 2 O (gram - equivalent is equal to gram - molecular weight).

H 3 PO 4 + 2NAOH \u003d Na 2 HPO 4 + 2H 2 O (gram - equivalent is equal to half grams - molecular weight).

When determining the gram - the equivalent requires knowledge of the chemical reaction and the conditions in which it flows. If you need to prepare decinorormal, sinterormal or malelinormal solutions, take, respectively, 0.1; 0.01; 0.001 grams - equivalent of substances. Knowing the normalness of the solution N and the equivalent of the dissolved substance e, it is easy to calculate how many grams of the substance contained in 1 ml of the solution. For this, it is necessary to divide the mass of the dissolved substance by 1000. The amount of dissolved substance in grams contained in 1 ml of solution is called a solution titer (T).

T \u003d (n * e) / 1000

T (0.1 H 2 SO 4) \u003d (0.1 * 49) / 1000 \u003d 0.0049 g / ml.

A solution with a known titer (concentration) is called titrated. Using the titled alkali solution, the concentration (normal) of the acid solution (acidimetry) can be determined. Using the titted acid solution, it is possible to determine the concentration (normal) alkali solution (alkalimetry). Solutions of the same normality react in equal volumes. With different normals, these solutions react among themselves in volumes inversely proportional to their normalities.

N k / n sh \u003d v u / v to

N k * v k \u003d n u * v

Example. The titration of 10 ml of the HCl solution was 15 ml of 0.5 N NaOH solution. Calculate the normality of the HCl solution.

N k * 10 \u003d 0, 5 * 15

N k \u003d (0, 5 * 15) / 10 \u003d 0, 75

N \u003d 30/58, 5 \u003d 0, 5

Fixanals are pre-prepared and sealed in ampoules, precisely the colonous amounts of reagent necessary for the preparation of 1 l 0, 1 n or 0, 01 N solution. Fixanals are liquid and dry. Dry have a longer storage period. The preparation technique of fixed solutions is described in the application to the box with fixanals.

Preparation and verification of decinorormal solutions.

Decinormal solutions that are often sources in the laboratory are prepared from chemically frequent drugs. The required jamming is achieved on technochemical scales or pharmaceutical scales. When weighing, an error is allowed to 0.01 - 0.03 g. You can practically make an error towards some increase in weight calculation. The mood is transferred to a measuring flask, which is added a small amount of water. After the total dissolution of the substance and equalize the temperature of the solution with the air temperature of the flask is valued with water to the mark.

Prepared solution requires verification. Checking is performed using solutions prepared by their fixanal, in the presence of indicators, the correction factor (K) and the titer is established. The correction coefficient (K) or the correction factor (F) shows any quantity (in ml) of the exact normal solution corresponds to 1 ml of this (prepared) solution. For this, 5 or 10 ml of the prepared solution is transferred to the conical flask, several drops of the indicator are added and titrated with an exact solution. Titration is carried out twice and calculate the average arithmetic value. The titration results must be approximately the same (difference in the range of 0.2 ml). The correction coefficient is calculated with respect to the volume of an accurate solution V T to the volume of the test solution V n.

K \u003d V T / V N.

The correction coefficient can be determined by the second method - in relation to the titer of the test solution to the theoretically calculated titer of the exact solution.

K \u003d t strap. / T Theore.

If the left parts of the equation are equal, then their right parts are equal.

V T / V N. \u003d T is a strap. / T Theore.

If a practical titer of the test solution is found, it means that the weight content of the substance is determined in 1 ml of solution. In the interaction of an accurate and checked solution, 3 cases may occur.

1. The solutions were interacted in the same volumes. For example, 10 ml of the test solution went to the titration of 10 ml of 0.1 H. Consequently, the normalness is the same, and the correction ratio is equal to one.

2. The interaction with 10 ml of the accurate solution went 9.5 ml of the test, the test solution was concentrate of an accurate solution.

3. The interaction with 10 ml of the exact solution went 10.5 ml of the test, the test solution is weaker at a concentration, as the exact solution.

The amendment ratio is calculated with an accuracy of the second decimal sign, oscillations are allowed from 0.95 to 1.05.

Correction of solutions whose correction coefficient is greater than one.

The amendment ratio shows how many times this solution is concentrating the solution of certain normality. For example, K is 1.06. Consequently, each ml of the prepared solution should be added 0.06 ml of water. If 200 ml of solution remains, then (0.06 * 200) \u003d 12 ml - add to the remaining prepared solution and mixed. This method of solving solutions to a certain normality is simple and convenient. Preparing solutions should be prepared by them more concentrated solutions, and not diluted solutions.

Preparation of accurate solutions, the correction coefficient of which is less than one.

In these solutions, there is some part of the gram - equivalent. This missing part can be defined. If you calculate the difference between the titer of a solution of a certain normality (theoretical titer) and the titer of this solution. The resulting value shows how much substance should be added to 1 ml of the solution to bring it to a concentration of a solution of a given normality.

Example. The correction coefficient of approximately 0.1 N of the caustic soda solution is 0.9, the volume of the solution is 1000 ml. Calculate the solution to exactly 0.1 n concentration. Gram - Equivalent of caustic satellite - 40 g. Theoretical titer for 0.1 N solution - 0.004. Practical titer - T Theores. * K \u003d 0.004 * 0, 9 \u003d 0, 0036

T theorem. - T practical. \u003d 0, 004 - 0, 0036 \u003d 0, 0004

It remains unspent 1000 ml of solution - 1000 * 0, 0004 \u003d 0.4 g.

The resulting amount of the substance is added to the solution, stirred well, and the titer of the solution is determined again. If the initial material for the preparation of solutions is concentrated acids, alkalis, and other substances, it is necessary to produce an additional calculation to determine in which the amount of concentrated solution contains the calculated value of this substance. Example. The titration of 5 ml of approximately 0.1 N solution of HCl went 4.3 ml of accurate 0.1 N NaOH solution.

K \u003d 4.3 / 5 \u003d 0.86

The solution is weak, it must be strengthened. Calculate TOROR. , T is practical. And their difference.

T Theores. \u003d 3.65 / 1000 \u003d 0.00365

T Pratk. \u003d 0, 00365 * 0, 86 \u003d 0, 00314

T Theores. - T practical. \u003d 0, 00364 - 0, 00314 \u003d 0, 00051

It remains unused 200 ml of solution.

200 * 0, 00051 \u003d 0, 102 g

For a 38% solution of HCl density 1, 19 compile a proportion.

100 - 38 x \u003d (0, 102 * 100) / 38 \u003d 0, 26 g

We translate weight units into bulk, given the density of acid.

V \u003d 0, 26/1, 19 \u003d 0, 21 ml

Preparation of 0.01 N, 0.005 N made of decinorormal solutions having a correction ratio.

Initially calculated what volume 0.1 N solution should be taken to prepare from 0.01 N solution. The calculated volume is divided into the amendment ratio. Example. It is necessary to prepare 100 ml of 0, 01 N solution of 0.1 n with K \u003d 1.05. Since the solution is 1.05 times concentrate, it is necessary to take 10 / 1.05 \u003d 9, 52 ml. If k \u003d 0, 9, then you need to take 10 / 0.9 \u003d 11.11 ml. In this case, they take a slightly more solution and bring the volume in the measuring flask to 100 ml.

The following rules exist for the preparation and storage of titled solutions.

1. Each titted solution has its own deadline for storage. When stored, they change their titer. When performing an analysis, check the titer of the solution.

2. It is necessary to know the properties of solutions. The titer of some solutions (sodium hyposulphite) is changing over time, so their titer is set not earlier than 5-7 days after cooking.

3. All bottles with titled solutions should have a clear inscription with an indication of the substance, its concentration, the correction factor, the solution of the solution, the titer test date.

4. In analytical work, much attention should be paid to calculations.

T \u003d A / V (and - hitch)

N \u003d (1000 * a) / (V * g / eq)

T \u003d (n * g / eq) / 1000

N \u003d (T * 1000) / (g / eq)

The molar is called a solution, 1l of which contains 1 g * mol of the dissolved substance. Mol is a molecular weight expressed in grams. A 1-molar solution of sulfuric acid - 1 l of such a solution contains 98 g of sulfuric acid. Santymigar solution contains 1 l 0, 01 mol, millimelar - 0, 001 mol. The solution, the concentration of which is expressed by the amount of moles per 1000 g of the solvent, is called molar.

For example, in 1 l 1 M of a solution of caustic soda contains 40 g of the drug. In 100 ml of the solution will be contained 4, 0 g, i.e. 4/100 ml solution (4g%).

If a solution of caustic sodium 60/100 (60mg%), it is necessary to determine its molarity. In 100 ml of the solution contains 60 g of caustic soda, and in 1 l - 600 g., I.e. In 1 l 1 M of the solution should be contained 40 g of caustic soda. Praying natra - x \u003d 600/40 \u003d 15 M.

Standard is called solutions with precisely known concentrations used for quantitative determination of substances by colorimetry, oil meterometry. The sample for standard solutions is seized on analytical scales. The substance from which the standard solution is prepared must be chemically clean. Standard solutions. Standard solutions are prepared in the amount required for consumption, but not more than 1 liter. The amount of substance (in grams) required to obtain standard solutions - A.

A \u003d (M I * T * V) / m 2

M i is the molecular weight of the soluble substance.

T - titer of solution for determined substance (g / ml).

V is a given volume (ml).

M 2 - molecular or atomic mass of the substance determined.

Example. It is necessary to prepare 100 ml of a standard CUSO 4 * 5H 2 O solution for colorimetric determination of copper, and in 1 ml of the solution should be contained 1 mg of copper. In this case, M i \u003d 249, 68; M 2 \u003d 63, 54; T \u003d 0, 001 g / ml; V \u003d 100 ml.

A \u003d (249.68 * 0.001 * 100) / 63,54 \u003d 0.3929

Salt sandpaper is transferred to a 100 ml with a dimensional flask and water is added to the mark.

Control questions and tasks.

1. What is a solution?

2. What are the methods of expressing the concentration of solutions?

3. What is a titer solution?

4. What is gram - equivalent and how is it calculated for acids, salts, grounds?

5. How to prepare 0.1 n sodium sodium solution NaOH?

6. How to prepare 0.1 n sulfuric acid solution H 2 SO 4 of concentrated with a density of 1.84?

8. What is the way to strengthen and dilute solutions?

9. Calculate how many grams of NaOH are necessary for cooking 500 ml of 0.1 m solution? Answer - 2 g

10. How many grams of Cuso 4 * 5h 2 o must be taken to prepare 2 l 0.1 N solution? Answer - 25

11. The titration of 10 ml of the HCl solution went 15 ml of 0.5 N NaOH solution. Calculate - the normality of HCl, the concentration of the solution in the g / l, the titer of the solution in g / ml. The answer is 0.75; 27.375 g / l; T \u003d 0.0274 g / ml.

12. In 200 g of water, 18 g of substance was dissolved. Calculate the weight percentage concentration of the solution. The answer is 8.25%.

13. How many ml of 96% sulfuric acid solution (d \u003d 1.84) need to be taken to prepare 500 ml of 0.05 N solution? The answer is 0.69 ml.

14. Titress of solution H 2 SO 4 \u003d 0.0049 g / ml. Calculate the normality of this solution. Answer - 0.1 N.

15. How many grams of caustic soda should be taken to prepare 300 ml of 0.2 n solution? Answer - 2.4 g.

16. How much do you need to take a 96% solution H 2 SO 4 (d \u003d 1.84) for cooking 2 l 15% solution? The answer is 168 ml.

17. How many ml of 96% solution of sulfuric acid (d \u003d 1.84) must be taken to prepare 500 ml of 0.35 N solution? The answer is 9.3 ml.

18. How many ml of 96% sulfuric acid (d \u003d 1.84) must be taken to prepare 1 l 0.5 N solution? The answer is 13.84 ml.

19. How much molarity is 20% hydrochloric acid solution (d \u003d 1,1). Answer - 6.03 M.

20 . Calculate the molar concentration of 10% nitric acid solution (D \u003d 1.056). Answer - 1.68 M.

It has a local antiseptic and painkillers, relieves inflammation. Dimexide easily passes through the skin barriers and has a property to carry out other healing components by increasing their effectiveness.

in the silent inflammation of the skin - a solution of 50%;

punchy lesions, trophic ulcers - 30-40%;

eczema and streptodermia - a concentration of from 30 to 90%;

on the burn surfaces - 20-30% solution.

It is not necessary to perceive the compress with a solution of dimexide as a harmless agent. The medicine is very strong, so it is necessary to strictly observe the dosage (based on the nature of the disease) and the exposure time. The concentrated solution causes the burn. There are also serious contraindications. Dimexide cannot be used with functional disorders of the kidney and liver, cataract, glaucoma, children under 12, during pregnancy. You should not forget about its ability to strengthen the effect of other drugs both healing and toxic. Therefore, care should be taken and take into account compatibility with other medicinal substances.

Compress on the throat

Compress with bronchitis

Compress on joints

A good therapeutic effect is given compresses having a complex composition. For instance:

concentrate of dymexide -50 ml;

water - 30 ml;

novocaine solution 2% - 30 ml;

the hydrocortisone solution is 1 ampoule.

Dimexide: Instruction, Medical Properties, Cost

Dimexide - without exaggeration, the drug is unique, because it has not only antiseptic capabilities, but also capable of penetrating through the mucous membrane, skin covers, reaching even deeply located inflammatory foci. At the very beginning of my medical practice there were two clinical cases that convincingly proved the effectiveness of Dimeksid.

One of my patients was produced by surgical removal of the "Wisdom" tooth. A few days before, the suppuration of the mucous membrane was developed in this area. After the operation, antibiotics inside and rinse with antiseptics, which usually give a noticeable effect approximately 6-7 days later. At the same time, the doctor recommended outwardly compresses with a dimexide on the angle of the lower jaw. Almost 4 days, the department of a pus from the wound ceased, healing occurred much faster. It is characteristic that the patient after about 5 minutes after the overlay of the compress was clearly felt in the mouth of the taste of medication, which penetrated into the oral cavity through the skin of the cheek, muscles, internal mucous membranes.

Another indicative case is the treatment of the lumbar lumbar grain size 3 by 5 centimeters. The patient signed up for the reception of the surgeon, which was assigned in a day. Signs of spontaneous spontaneous opening of the ulotnic noted. During the day, campacks with a 30 percent dimexide were made three times, the digital was applied in the tablets and the furuncle was revealed, began to proper the contents of the hearth into the dressing. Next, the messengers were made regularly, on the fourth day hyperemia and swelling passed, the treatment was determined without surgery. However, with the surgeon, the patient was still consulted, self-medication in purulent inflammation is unacceptable.

Due to the blocking of hydroxyl radicals, Dimeksid normalizes the metabolic reactions, the effect of antibiotic agents potentiates, has an antimicrobial, analgesic effect. It helps to reduce the swelling, resorbing the hematomas.

System atherosclerotic changes.
Lactation period, pregnancy.
Vascular pathology: stroke, myocardial infarction, angina manifestations.
Individual intolerance.
Cataract, glaucoma.
Lack of kidney activities, liver.

Therapy for manifestations of eczema.
Furunculosis.
Autoimmune diseases: nodular erythema, behterev's disease, sclerodermia, rheumatoid arthritis, arthrosis, SC.
Fungal lesions stop.
Treatment of burns, wounds.
Rheumatologists use dimexide with osteochondrosis symptoms.

It is better to breed in a porcelain circle, pre-rinse with boiling water. If it is planned to treat open wounds, use sterile water, napkins. The initial concentration of Dimexide is 99%, a dessert or tablespoon is suitable for dosing. Exemplary dosages: 1 part of concentrate plus 2 parts of water - 33%; 1: 1 - get 50 percent; 1: 5 - 20%.

It is pre-applied to the skin a small amount of solution to exclude supersensitivity, 5 minutes will wait if there is no skin itching, redness - the drug can be used. Polyethylene is placed on the napkin from above, protecting the bandage, then cotton fabric. Standard course - 2 weeks. With streptoderms, eczema - percentage of solution 40-90; pain syndrome, pumping processes - 30-50; Face area - a solution with a concentration of 10-20 is applied; Washing wound surfaces - 3-5%.

Store in packing 2 years. At room temperatures.

It was rarely local irritation, symptoms of dermatitis, allergic reactions, dry skin, bronchial spasm.

Released without a doctor's recipe. Approximate cost of medication:

Goods for health and beauty, sports and recreation. Delivery across Russia.

site nebolem-net.ru.

Copying materials is prohibited.

Before applying drugs, consult your attending physician. 18+

Preparation and application of compresses with Dimeksid

Dymexide drug is widely used by doctors of different specializations. The main area of \u200b\u200bits application remains the treatment of joint diseases, but some unique properties make it indispensable and in other areas of medicine, for example, dermatology and gynecology. The drug is not in pure form. How to breed Dimeksid to prepare a solution for the compress, you will learn from the instructions for use below.

Indications

Dimexide (dimethyl sulfoxide) is a concentrate, a transparent colorless liquid, designed for outdoor local applications.

Appointed for treatment:

inflammatory pathologies of the musculoskeletal system (osteoarthritis, arthritis, mosseitis, radiculopathy, behterev's disease);
sprains of ligaments, muscles;
bruises;
arthralgia;
wounds, abscesses;
traumatic infiltrates;
osteomyelitis;
streptodermia;
furunculeza;
acne;
gynecological problems;
skin infections;
erythematous rash.

pharmachologic effect

The drug shows the following properties:

Topless.
Antimicrobial.
Anti-inflammatory.
Anesthetic.
Acts as a conductor.

The last action is based on the special properties of Dimeksid, which allow it to penetrate deep into the tissue, which was popular in many areas of medicine.

The drug is often added to ointment or cosmetic creams for better penetration of nutrients to goal. Transport properties of the drug are used in folk recipes and medical gatherings.

Dimekside quickly penetrates the tissue deep into the tissue. 5 minutes from the beginning of the procedure, the effect of the drug is already felt by the patient. The maximum concentration of the active substance is fixed after 4 hours and can hold up to 3 days.

Application of drug

Dimexide is most commonly used in the form of compresses that contain a combination of medicinal substances.

The compress is applied to the skin sections, requiring treatment, a little exciting neighboring healthy areas. Change compress is recommended up to 3 times per day. The compress is at least 30 minutes, and the duration of the course of treatment is usually up to 20 procedures. However, all similar nuances are adjusted by the doctor.

The effect of the drug depends on how the correct concentration of the tool you use:

Ulcers and face inflammation is treated with applications with 50% solution.
With eczema and streptodermia, the concentration of the solution can reach 90%.
In purulent infections, 40% concentration is used.
Local anesthesia is carried out with a solution of 25-50% concentration.
After surgical intervention, plastic operations are applined with a 30% solution of dimexide.
If necessary, to make compress on the face, the Dimexide is used in a smaller concentration, about 10%.

Clicks, crunch in various joints are concerned with adults, but especially anxious when it clicks the hip joint in a child.

A sharp turn of the body, muscle spasm, strongest painful syndrome. Who is the unfamiliar symptoms of Lambago? On the method of treating alert at home here: http://pomogispine.com/bolit-v/poyasnichno-kresttsovyj-otdel/lyumbago.html.

How the solution is divorced for compress

To obtain the desired concentration of the solution, it is bred with water (distilled or boiled) in the following proportions:

50 ml of dymexide + 30 ml of water + 30 ml of novocaine (2%) + hydrocortisone (1 ampoule).

This composition has a good anti-inflammatory effect, relieves pain. In various recipes, the concentration of dimexide may vary, while the number of the remaining components remains the same.

How to make compress

The compress is superimposed as follows:

Gauze napkins of the desired size are wetted in a solution of dimexide in combination with other drug substances, if necessary. It is impossible to use color tissue instead of gauze, it significantly increases the risk of complications and allergies.
The napkin is imposed on the affected area, a little capturing a healthy edge.
From above, the napkin is covered with a polyethylene film to enhance the absorption of medicinal substances and minimize their evaporation outward.
Out of the film applied linen or cotton fabric.

Gynecological practice

The dimexide is also widely used in the form of tampons. As a rule, this form is necessary for the treatment of gynecological problems, for example:

The tampon made of sterile wool and moistened in the medicinal solution is introduced into the vagina. The solution may consist of a combination of drugs and dimexide. In this case, the effect occurs significantly faster.

For use in the form of tampons, the concentrate is bred in a ratio of 1: 9, that is, there are 10% solution.

I should not enter a deep tampon. The effectiveness of such treatment is high enough, and all drugs will definitely fall to the place of inflammation.

Contraindications

Dimexide is not used in people having the following diseases:

Cardiovascular failure.
Angina.
Atherosclerosis.
Problems in the work of the liver and kidneys.
Glaucoma or cataract.

Dimexide compresses are contraindicated with pregnant and nursing, as well as people with hypersensitivity to dimethyl sulfoxide (active substance).

Side effects

Treatment is well tolerated by most patients. In rare cases, there may be complaints about:

Pain, bump under the knee, flexion difficulties - the main signs of the formation of the cyst of the Baker of the knee joint. What is the reason how to treat pathology: http://pomogispine.com/bolit-v/konechnosti/kista-bejkera-kolennogo-sustava.html.

How does the Kuznetsov applicator helps with back pain and joints? Is it harmless needle rugs, rollers, plates?

About popular, inexpensive sanatoriums of the Moscow region, where people retirement age can relax and improve health, read here.

Dimexide is an extremely cheap and efficient means. Its average price:

About 60 rubles per 100 ml in Russia.
About 15 UAH for 100 ml in Ukraine.

Reviews

Irina, 43 years old, Murmansk:

"I have problems with joints. Previously, they were sick only when walking or some load, and in recent times, the best pain is worried even when lying. No ointment helps, and take anti-inflammatory drugs inside, you can not longer than a week. Then the doctor advised me to make compresses with Dimeksida.

At first I ordered them in a special pharmacy that prepares medicines, and now I do it myself. Add different anti-inflammatory ointments to the dilute drug. Help much better! If not to be lazy, do it constantly, the effect is maintained for a long time. The main thing is that local treatment absolutely does not harm my health, but only helps. Dimexide is very effective, and for its price - it is generally the perfect means. "

Igor, 26 years old, Volgograd:

"I'm an athlete. Various injuries and stretching from me quite often. Immediately after such a training session, it is impossible to go, but there is no possibility to be treated for a long time. The doctor of our team said to make compresses with Dimeksid, Novocaine, adding any anti-inflammatory ointment. The pain passes almost immediately, and after a few days heals and stretching. Now I use it always. Dimeksid significantly improves the action of any ointment, now I can buy the most expensive and I will know that the money is not spent in vain. "

Olga, 37 years old, city Stavropol:

"I bought Dimekside my mother, and it was one of the few funds with which she agreed to use. For expensive ointments, she treated skeptically because of the price and said that they did not help her. Compresses with Dimeksid were effective both in themselves and in the complex with other means. "

Dimexide is known for a long time, especially among the elderly people who cannot afford dear medicines. However, the effectiveness of this drug makes it worthy for widespread.

Dimexide shows one of the best ratios Quality / price among means for the treatment of joint diseases.

the reason is one - spine. "

All materials on the site are informational.

NMedicine.net.

Drug Dimexide is used very widely and not only in medical practice, but also in cosmetology. With the help of Dimekside, skin diseases, diseases of the musculoskeletal system, gynecological pathologies, etc., is successful, the medicine is eliminated from pain and inflammation, destroys pathogenic bacteria.

Typically, the diaxide solution is used in a diluted form. How to properly breed a solution of dimexide so as not to get a burn - you will read about this pages.

The main advantage of Dimeksid is its rapid penetration through skin and mucous covers. At the same time, the drug delivers deep into the tissue - to the hearth inflammation - dissolved drugs in it. Domexide is used externally as compresses or tampons. Before use, dimexide should be dissolved with water to obtain a solution of a certain concentration - in each particular case of its own.

To prepare a solution of dimexide, it is necessary to use water only two types - distilled and boiled.

Prior to the use of Dimeksid, it is necessary to test itself to the possibility of an allergic response to the drug. The test is made in the usual way: a few drops of 25% of the aqueous solution of Dymxide are applied to the elbow fold and after half an hour, the reaction is observed on the skin. If there is no reaction, you can safely apply the drug. If the sensations of itching, redness, do not apply the Dimexide.

To use Dimekside as a means of treating a trophic ulcer, it is necessary to prepare 30-50% solution. For the treatment of eczema (diffuse streptodermia), a more concentrated solution is used - 40-90%. With purulent lesions of the skin, a 30-40% solution is required, with surface burns - 20-30% solution of dimexide. In the face of inflammation, 50% solution is used.

The dilution procedure itself is as follows: You need to put on gloves, take the tank to pour the required amount of the conserved means of dimexide there and add distilled or boiled water to it. Proportions to do based on a specific disease.

To obtain a 10% solution, water is taken 18 ml, dimexide - 2 ml.
To obtain a 20% solution: 8 ml of water and 2 ml of dimexide.
To obtain a 25% solution: 6 ml of water and 2 ml of dimexide.
To obtain a 30% solution: 14 ml of water and 6 ml of domexide.
To obtain a 40% solution: 6 ml of water and 4 ml of dimexide.
To obtain a 50% solution: 5 ml of water and 5 ml of dimexide.
To obtain 90% of the solution: 2 ml of water and 18 ml of dimexide.

Instead of water, you can use vegetable oils, especially for the preparation of tampons. A gauze bandage, moistened in the cooked solution, is applied to a sore plot, then the compress is made on top: they are putting off the polyethylene film and then - natural fabric (cotton, flax, wool). Compress is left for half an hour. Treatment lasts 10 days.

Remember that rubbing a solution of dimexide, it is impossible to massage the skin! This can cause a chemical skin burn.

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Compresses with Dimeksid.

Compresses with Dimeksid: Sticky Effect

Medical preparation Dimexide is a concentrated, colorless, transparent solution with a specific smell. At temperatures below the room, transparent crystals are formed in it, which are floating in solution. It has a local antiseptic and painkillers, relieves inflammation. Dimexide easily passes through the skin barriers and has a property to carry out other healing components by increasing their effectiveness.

The drug is very often used in a complex with antibiotics dissolved in it, hormones, heparin and other means. Dimekside is widely used in the complex treatment of osteoarthrosis, rheumatoid arthritis, arthropathy and diseases of Bekhtereva. It has a good therapeutic result in the treatment of injuries, with tension of ligaments and bruises, with non-healing, infected wounds. Removes inflammation and has a resolution effect. It is applied as applications and compresses.

How to breed dimexide for compresses

The solution is concentrated. Immediately before use, it is bred to the necessary concentration, most often it is 30-50%. It depends on the nature of the disease, the sensitivity of the patient's skin and the place of application. If the application is done on the face, or the skin has increased sensitivity, the dosage cannot exceed 20%.

The concentrate of dimexide is bred by boiled or distilled water. To enhance the anesthetic action, it is diluted with a solution of novocaine, and vegetable oil is used in the form of tampons. Most often, the doctor prescribes the following concentrations of Dimexide solution for the treatment of certain diseases:

The treatment of inflammatory diseases of the joints and the removal of pain syndrome (including traumatic nature) produced 25-50% solutions.

Dimexide cannot be used with functional disorders of the kidney and liver, cataract, glaucoma, children under 12, during pregnancy. You should not forget about its ability to strengthen the effect of other drugs both healing and toxic. Therefore, care should be taken and take into account compatibility with other medicinal substances.

How to prepare a solution of correct concentration

In order to obtain a 10% solution of dimexide, you will need 2 milliliters of the drug and 18 milliliters of water.

For 20% concentration - 2 ml of domexide and 8 ml of water.

In order to obtain a 25% solution of the drug, you need to take 2 ml of dimlexide solution and 6 ml of water.

For a 30% solution - 6 ml of the preparation and 14 ml of water.

To get 40% solution, you will need to take 4 ml of dimlexide solution and 6 ml of water.

A solution of 50% of the concentration is obtained in the ratio of one to one. For example, 5 ml of water and 5 ml of dimlexide solution.

The concentration of 90% is 18 ml of domexide and 2 ml of water.

Duration of treatment with compresses based on the drug.

Compress on the throat

Dimexide has a property to pass through all biological membranes to the hearth inflammation. This is a very powerful anti-inflammatory and antiseptic agent for the treatment of diseases of the upper respiratory tract. Such a compress greatly warms, relieves inflammation and irritating throat dry cough.

To prepare the compression, you will need a concentrate of dimexide, honey, water and aloe juice.

At home, the number of ingredients is more convenient to measure the spoon.

Take 2 tablespoons of Dimexide and spread with 1 spoonful water. From the aloe stems to press juice, a tablespoon and add to the solution. Two tablespoons of honey melted a little on a water bath and add to the medicinal mixture. The composition warm up 10 seconds in the microwave or on a water bath and apply to a folded four-solid bandage or gauze. Put the compress on the throat area and cover the cellophane. Treat top with warm scarf. The exposure time is 3 hours. If a strong burning compress is better removed and washed with warm water.

Doing the procedure daily and better for the night, so that after going under the blanket and do not overcoole a warm throat.

Compress with bronchitis

Compresses are a very effective way to treat bronchitis. Medicinal substances will directly penetrate the hearth inflammation, relax the muscles of the bronchi and strengthen their blood supply. It is necessary to treat it in a timely manner, as it can take a chronic form or provoke other diseases.

To prepare the compress you need a tablespoon of a solution of dimexide to dissolve the same amount of boiled water. Add to it 10 ml of novocaine solution 2% and 1 ampoule of sodium diclofenac solution.

This composition is impregnated with gauze folded into several layers and impose on the chest, foot or back for 40 minutes. Cover with cellophane and consolidate something warm, additionally hide the blanket. It is necessary to make such procedures once a day for a week. At elevated temperature, the procedure cannot be done.

Compress on joints

Compresses with Dimeksid are significantly alleviated by pain syndrome and remove inflammation in diseases of the musculoskeletal system: arthrosis, arthritis and others. For this purpose, a divorced up to 50% Dimexide is used. The knee joint or ankle puts the compress every day for 1 hour. The duration of treatment is 15-20 days.

Before making a compress, you can smear the affected joint with anti-inflammatory ointment: "long", "fastum gel", "Chondroxide". Dimekside transports medicinal substances from ointment to the hearth inflammation and will strengthen his therapeutic effect.

A good therapeutic effect is given compresses having a complex composition.

The treatment is carried out by a course of 20 days, the compresses are overlapped by 40-60 minutes.

The drug is well tolerated and even if someone does not like his smell, then the effectiveness of such treatment is recognized everything.

How to make compress with dimexide

Dimexide compress is used to eliminate various dermatological, gynecological, artic pathologies, diseases of the respiratory system. During treatment, observe certain security measures and prepare a solution strictly according to the instructions.

Dimexide is used to treat various pathologies

Indications and advantages

For compresses, a concentrated solution of dimexide is used, which contains at least 99% of the active substance - dimethyl sulfoxide. The drug has anti-inflammatory, anesthetic, antiseptic effect, dissolves fibrin bending.

Application areas of Dimekside:

inflammatory processes in the organs of the musculoskeletal system, which are accompanied by pain syndrome - osteochondrosis, arthritis, osteoarthritis, synotic, radiculitis;
as an anesthetics in injuries, fractures;
dermatological pathologies - furuncular, eczema, acne, sclerodermia, infectious diseases caused by streptococci;
trophy ulcerative lesions of the epidermis, purulent processes in the wounds;
inflammation of salivary glands, lymph nodes;
fungal infections;
respiratory diseases - tonsillitis, pharyngitis, bronchitis, angina;
diseases of gynecological and urological character - colpit, thrush, adhesitis, erosy of the cervix, prostatitis, cystitis.

Domexide is suitable for the treatment of bruises

The drug is included in the composition of complex therapy in the treatment of thrombophlebitis, lymphostasis, hemorrhoids, red lupus, use it in cosmetology to improve the condition of the skin and hair. Electrophoresis with dimexide is prescribed to patients with neurological diseases that cannot accept non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents orally.

Methods of application

Before applying, dimexide should be dissolved to the desired water concentration, the temperature of which is 45-47 degrees, after which in the liquid, moisten the segment of gauze or fine natural tissue. To cover their polyethylene film from above, fix everything with a bandage. The proportions of the solution, the multiplicity of the overlay of the compress depend on the pathology. How much to keep a row? The duration of the procedure is no more than an hour. For the treatment of certain diseases of dimethyl sulfoxide, they are connected to other drugs, which allows us to achieve positive dynamics as soon as possible.

How to prepare to breed

Dimexide is forbidden to use at undiluted form to avoid burns, the solution for compresses should be prepared in gloves. The medicine can not rub into the skin.

Domexide in gynecology

Dimethyl sulfoxide helps with various gynecological and urological pathologies of infectious inflammatory nature, it is used during rehabilitation after surgery, a course of radiation therapy. The drug is used for tampons and compresses - the solution must be diluted with water in a 1: 5 ratio. The procedure should be done twice a day for a week.

For the treatment of gynecological problems, you need to apply dimexide on tampons

Compresses with dimexide in disease and injuries of the musculoskeletal system

Dimexide is considered one of the best means to eliminate pain and manifestations of inflammation with various pathological processes in the organs of the musculoskeletal system. It is imposed on the inflamed joints, the bumps on the legs, it contributes to the speedy restoration during fractures of the limbs. The drug is combined with other drugs to enhance therapeutic action.

Solution with Domexide and Novocaine for anesthesia

To prepare a fast-acting means for local anesthesia, it is necessary to dissolve in 75 ml of water 45 ml of dimexide, add 75 ml of 2% of novocaine. The liquid is impregnated with a gauze bandage, impose on the inflamed joint or knee, to cover the dry thin tissue with a dry thin tissue, on top of imposing a wool layer with a thickness of 1.5-3 cm, fix everything with an elastic bandage.

to improve the condition for pain in the spine - with osteochondrosis of the cervical and lumbar department;
when synoting the knee joint;
to eliminate unpleasant sensations for the change of weather.

The procedure must be carried out every 12-24 hours, for 10-14 days.

Dimexide helps with the synotation of the knee joint

Solution with domexide and lidocaine - first aid for bruises and injuries

To effectively and quickly eliminate pain often in sports medicine, a solution based on dimethyl sulfoxide and analgesics is used. Mix 15 ml of water with 5 ml of dymexide, add 5 ml of alcohol, lidocaineum ampoule or analgin. The composition is impregnated with gauze, fasten on the knee, shin, damaged limb to 40 minutes.

with injuries;
when tensile ligaments;
with a fracture of the leg, hands - as first aid, for the speedy return of mobility after removing the gypsum.

Compress with Dimeksida helps with injuries and injuries

With a strong pain syndrome, a solution of 5 ml of dimethyl sulfoxide can be prepared, 10 ml of 0.5% of novocaine and diclofenac ampoules. This medicine helps well with osteochondrosis.

If injuries are accompanied by open wounds, a 10% dimethyl sulfoxide solution should be used for analgesic compresses.

How to eliminate inflammatory processes

If articular pathologies are accompanied by inflammatory processes, glucocorticosteroids should be used. To prepare the drug, mix 30 ml of water with 50 ml of dimethyl sulfoxide, add a hydrocortisone by an ampoule. Apply the applique to the inflamed joints 2-3 times a day for two weeks.

Under what diseases to use:

under arthrosis;
to eliminate arthritis manifestations;
when radiculitis:
helps from cones on the legs.

For compresses, each time you need to use a pure bandage in order not to exceed the permissible concentration of the solution.

Dimexide in the treatment of dermatological pathologies

The dimethyl sulfoxide solution is actively struggling with different types of pathogenic microorganisms, speeds up the healing process, eliminates the manifestations of inflammation. With different dermatological infectious diseases, the effectiveness of the drug can be observed after 3-4 days.

Domexide for the treatment of fungal infections

Dimethyl sulfoxide has an anesthetic, antiseptic and antimicrobial effect, which makes it possible to effectively apply it to eliminate mycosis and onichomicosis. Applications allow you to speed up the process of regeneration, quickly eliminate the main manifestations of pathology - pain, itching.

How to use:

Dilute dimexide with water in a 1: 2 ratio.
Affected areas to break in water with the addition of soda, economic soap.
Remove dead cells and upper part of the nail plate.
Cottage discs or small pieces of gauze to impregnate with mortar, fix on the inflamed areas.
After half an hour, the applique is removed, rinse the skin with warm water.

Dimexide will restore the nail after fungal lesion

Treatment with a solution of dimethyl sulfoxide acne, acne

Strong anti-inflammatory effect The drug helps to quickly get rid of various rash on the face, eliminate purulent processes. Dimexide Dilute with water in a 1: 5 ratio, with a sensitive skin - 1: 6 - in the liquid, moisten a gauze bandage with holes for the eyes and mouth, impose on the skin, keep half an hour. The only drawback is a strong eaten smell to get rid of it, you can add 3-5 drops of essential oil to solution.

Dimexide will save from rashes and acne on the face

Getting rid of cellulite

Dimethyl sulfoxide has a vasoconductive effect, accelerates metabolic processes, so it can be effectively applied to eliminate the "orange peel".

How to breed

In solution, moisten the gauze, wind the problem areas, apply polyethylene on top, wrapped the duration of the session with a warm cloth - 45-50 minutes, the course consists of 10-15 procedures.

Compresses with purulent inflammation of soft tissues

To prevent impuration with panarium, dimexide is used as an alcohol solution - mix dimethyl sulfoxide with 70% alcohol in the proportion of 1: 4, to make the application every 8 hours.

How to use Dimexide for diseases of the respiratory organs

Dimexide compresses help speed up the recovery process for respiratory diseases. Applications need to be put on the chest and back, keep 35-40 minutes, procedure is twice a day. Facility comes after 2-3 days, the maximum duration of the course is 2 weeks.

How to make compresses:

From cough, to improve the dishell's sputum, eliminating pain, dilution prepare solution with dimexide and euphilline. In 75 ml of distilled water dissolve 15 ml of dimethyl sulfoxide, add 15 ml of Muscolvan and Euphillin.
With angina and tonsillitis - in 150 ml of water to dissolve in 30 ml of magnesia and domexide, add 15 ml of dexametosone, 30 ml of euphilline.
Under the attacks of bronchial asthma - in 150 ml of water to dissolve 30 ml of dimethyl sulfoxide and 15 ml of 2% of novocaine, mix with one ampoule of the hydrocortisone.
With tuberculosis, with inflammation of the lungs, a solution of domexide and rifampicin is prepared - the finished medicine has a powerful antibacterial effect. In 100 ml of water, add 25 ml of dimethyl sulfoxide, 5 ml of rifampicin.

For the treatment of the organs of the respiratory system, the compress must be installed on the back or chest

Before the start of treatment, Dimeksid must necessarily carry out a test for sensitivity - to dilute with water in a 1: 1 ratio, apply to the skin in the elbow bending. If no negative reactions have manifested during the half an hour, it is possible to use it for treatment.

Contraindications

The main contraindication is the individual intolerance to the medicinal product, the increased sensitivity of the epidermis. With caution, you should use the preparation to people of old age.

In which cases, it is forbidden to apply DMExide:

renal and liver functional failure;
angina;
heart attack, brain stroke, comatose states;
in the presence of pronounced manifestations of atherosclerosis;
glaucoma, cataract.

Dimexide is forbidden to use when glaucoma

Subject to the instructions for use, the medicine does not cause side effects. In some patients there are nausea due to a sharp garlic odor of the drug, sometimes bronchospasm, allergic reactions in the form of burning, redness and sebum waste.

How can I replace dimexide in the compress?

Dimexide price - 50-75 rubles. There are no structural analogues in the drug, but there are medicinal preparations with similar therapeutic effects.

Task Source: Decision 2446. EGE 2017 Mathematics, I.V. Yashchenko. 36 options.

Task 11. Mixing 25 percent and 95 percent acid solutions and adding 20 kg of clean water, a 40% acid solution was obtained. If 20 kg of a 30-percent solution of the same acid was added instead of 20 kg of water, then a 50% acid solution would be obtained. How many kilograms of a 25 percent solution were used to obtain a mixture?

Decision.

Denote by x kg - a mass of 25% of the solution, and through y kg - a mass of 95% solution. It can be seen that the total mass of acid in the solution after mixing them is equal to. The task says that if you mix these two solutions and add 20 kg of clean water, we obtain 40% solution. In this case, the mass of acid will be determined by the expression . Since the mass of acid after adding 20 kg of clean water remains the same, we have the equation of the form

By analogy, a second equation is obtained when 20 kg of a 30-percent solution of the same acid is added instead of 20 kg of water and a 50 percent solution of an acid is obtained:

We solve the system of equations, we get:

Multiply the first equation on -9, and the second - by 11, we have.

In the process of preparation of solutions by dilution of concentrates, quick and error-free counts of the required amount of the original concentrate and the solvent, combined into one solution, should be carried out.

Under the calculations of concentrate dilution, in which the concentration is indicated in the form of the ratio of the amount of soluble substance to the amount of solution, the required amount of dry matter is multiplied by the amount of dilution, i.e. On the second digit of the concentration relationship.

For example, if the required amount of dry soluble substance is 5 g, and the concentrated solution has a concentration of 1: 10, then the required amount of the concentrate solution will be equal to: 5 x 10 \u003d 50 (ml).

If the concentration of the harvesting solution is indicated in the form of a dissolved substance that reduced to the unit to the solvent (for example, 1 + 3), then by analogy with the previous case of a concentrated solution, it is necessary to take:

5 x (1 + 3) \u003d 20 (ml).

If the concentration of the semi-finished solution is expressed as a percentage and is equal, for example, 10%, then under the same conditions it must be taken: 5 x 100/10 \u003d 50 (ml).

In pharmacy practice, it is very often necessary to determine the required amount of spare solution at its concentration (in percent), the amount of the prepared solution and its concentration (in percent), the amount of the prepared divorced solution and its concentration (also in percent).

For example, there is a x-% concentrated solution.

To determine the amount of this solution necessary for obtaining a ml of a diluted solution with a concentration of Y% (denote it to), the following calculations must be carried out.

The amount of dissolved substance in a concentrated solution is: x x in / 100, and in the resulting diluted solution - Y x A / 100. Since both values \u200b\u200bare equal, then accordingly:

X x in / 100 \u003d y x and / 100.

From here, we express the volume of the X% of the concentrated solution necessary to obtain a ml of Y% dilution solution:

B \u003d y x A / x (ml). The amount of solvent required to dilute the workpiece, therefore, will be equal to a - in (ml).

Sometimes you have to prepare solutions of a given concentration of two solutions (one with a greater, and the other with a smaller concentration). For example, there are two solutions with concentrations x and y%. In order to determine which ratio should be mixed with these solutions, so that it is possible with a ml of a solution with a concentration of Z%, we carry out calculations. Denote the required amount of X percentage of D, then the Y -% solution will be required (C - D) ml. Given the previous calculations, we get:

X x D + y x (C - d) \u003d z x S.

Hence: D \u003d C X (Z - Y) / (X - Y) (ml).

Extremely convenient for the dilution of concentrated solutions is the use of the so-called mixing rule. Suppose that of two solutions with concentrations x and y% need to prepare a Z% solution. We define in what ratio you need to mix starting solutions. Let the desired values \u200b\u200bare equal: a (x% solution) and in (y% solution) ml.

Consequently, the amount of the prepared z% solution should be equal to: (a + c) ml.

Then: X x a + y x in \u003d z x (a + c), or a / B \u003d (z - y) / (x - z).

Equating respective member of relationships, we have:

A \u003d z - y, B \u003d x - Z.

Example 1.

Calculate, in which ratios you need to mix 35% and 15% solutions to obtain a 20% solution.

After performing the necessary calculations, we obtain that you need to mix 5 parts of the 35% solution and 15 parts of the 15% solution. As a result of mixing, there are 20 parts of a 20% solution.

Example 2.

Calculate, in which ratios need to mix water, i.e. 0% solution, and 25% solution to obtain a 10% solution. After the calculations we obtain that you need to mix 10 parts of a 25% solution and 15 parts of water. As a result, 25 parts of a 10% solution will be obtained.