How to better check the stomach and intestines. Survey methods

The date: 03.03.2020

In gastroenterological practice there is a considerable number of different diseases, some of which can be very dangerous and lead to the development of severe complications. According to statistics, each second person on Earth suffers from one or another pathology of the digestive bodies. That is why it is extremely important to conduct a timely survey of the gastrointestinal tract (gastrointestinal tract), which will allow a specialist to develop effective treatment tactics.

Today there are quite a lot of modern diagnostic methods that allow a comprehensive study of all organs and departments of the gastrointestinal tract, to identify the disease in the shortest possible time and with maximum accuracy, to clarify its stage, the degree of prevalence and other features. Research techniques used in gastroenterology can be divided into three groups:

physical;
laboratory;
instrumental.

Instrumental methods, in turn, can be divided into secretion studies, endoscopic and radial research. The feasibility of appointing a particular survey will determine the doctor in the process of working with the patient.

Physical research

The first stage of the gastroenterological examination is to consult a gastroenterologist or therapist who should collect the history of the patient's complaints and draw up a common clinical picture. A more detailed examination of the doctor is carried out with the help of special methods: palpation, percussion, auscultation.

Palpation is a procedure at which the patient's belly feel comes without applying any additional tools. This method allows you to detect certain signs characteristic of some diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, in particular, to identify the degree of stress of the peritoness walls and painful areas. Palpation can be carried out when the patient stands or lies on the couch. In the standing position, feeling is performed in cases where it is necessary to examine organs localizing in the bokes of the abdominal cavity.

Usually, a percussion is performed simultaneously with palpation - a study that allows the boundaries of the arrangement of the gastrointestinal tract by tapping. In gastroenterological practice, this technique is used mainly to study the spleen and liver.

Diagnostics with auscultation involves listening to sounds that publish the gastrointestinal tract. For this, the doctor uses a special tool - a stetofendoscope. During the procedure, symmetric parts of the body are listed, and the results obtained are then compared.

The above-described diagnostic studies are only primary and do not allow a specialist to accurately diagnose this or that sickness of the gastrointestinal tract. So, for example, physical methods practical do not make it possible to identify the organic pathology of the gastrointestinal tract with the predominant defeat of their mucous membrane. This requires a more complete examination, the plan of which is compiled individually for each patient and may include a number of different clinical and laboratory and instrumental methods.

Lab tests

In identifying many diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, laboratory diagnosis plays a crucial role. At the discretion of the doctor, the patient may be assigned blood tests to determine the following substances and enzymes:

bilirubin is a special substance formed after the decay of the hemoglobin of the erythrocytes and the part of the bile. The detection in the blood of a direct bilirubin may indicate a number of pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract associated with a violation of bile outflow, for example, a common or parenchymal jaundice;

transaminases: Aspartataminotransferase (AST) and Alanineotransferase (ALT) - these enzymes function in almost all organs of the human body, especially in the liver and muscle tissues. Increased concentration of AST and ALT is observed in various liver diseases, including chronic;

gamma-glovedranspend of gamma (Gamma GT) is another enzyme, an increased level of which indicates inflammation of bile ducts, hepatitis or mechanical jaundice;

amylaza - This enzyme is produced by the pancreas, and in its juice, amylase enters the intestine, where it contributes to the accelerated digestion of carbohydrates. If the level of amylase in the blood is raised, most likely, the patient has any disease of the pancreas;

lipase is another enzyme produced by the pancreas, the level of which increases with pancreatitis and other pathologies of the digestive system.

In addition, a general analysis of Cala is assigned, which will allow a specialist to summarize the work of the digestive system, to discover signs of violations and inflammation of various intestinal departments. In addition, during the construction of Cala, microorganisms that are causative agents of infectious diseases can be found.

A more detailed part of Cala is called a coprogram. With its help, the digestive and enzymatic activity of the stomach is estimated, signs of inflammation are revealed, microbial activity is also carried out, mushrooms mushrooms can be detected.

If necessary, bacteriological research can be appointed, that is, the definition of microbial composition. This will detect the dysbacteriosis of the intestine, infection. There are also special tests to identify antigens of microbial pathogens, which give the opportunity to identify viral infectious diseases.

Another common laboratory study, widely used in gastroenterology, is a test for the detection of hidden bleeding. The basis of this analysis is the detection of hidden hemoglobin in the cartoons.

If the patient takes iron preparations or other medicines, the attending physician must be informed about it, as medications can significantly distort the results of the tests. Before surrendering blood, you need to adhere to a special diet for several days, excluding fatty food, meat, green vegetables and tomatoes from diet.

If necessary, the laboratory diagnostics of the gastrointestinal tract can be supplemented with such studies as an immunoferment analysis (ELISA) of feces and blood plasma.

Tool techniques

The most important section of a comprehensive examination of patients with the pathologies of the tract is instrumental diagnosis. It includes endoscopic, radiological, ultrasound, electrometric and other diagnostic techniques.

The appointment of a particular study in order to obtain the most common information occurs at the discretion of the attending physician, depending on the existing clinical picture. Each of the instrumental methods makes it possible to estimate the structural and morphological features of the body under study, as well as its function. Most of these studies require a special training from a patient, as their informativeness and reliability will depend on it.

Evaluation of secretion of gastric acid

Since most inflammatory diseases of the digestive system are characterized by a change in the acidity of the stomach. That is why, during the diagnostic survey, it may be shown to evaluate the secretion of gastric acid necessary for adequate digestion of food using a special technique called the PH-metric. Indications for its conduct is ulcerative duel of duodenum and stomach, chronic duodenitis, gastritis and other pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract.

In Gastroenterology there are several types of pH metry: short-term (intragastric), long-term (daily), endoscopic. Each of these methods implies the introduction of a pH metric probe through the oral or nasal hole into the appropriate digestive system for a certain period. The acidity level is measured at a specific point using the built-in electrodes. With endoscopic pH-metry, the probe is introduced through a special tool channel of the endoscope.

Any type of pH metry requires a certain preparation. First, the patient should not smoke and eat for at least twelve hours before the procedure. Secondly, a few hours before the study, the use of any liquids is prohibited, in order to avoid the occurrence of vomiting and aspiration. Additionally, consult with a doctor on the issue of taken drugs.

Another common procedure used in gastroenterological practice with suspicion of gastritis, ulcerative disease and many other pathologies is a duodenal probing of the stomach. When studying the secretory function of the stomach in this way, all the contents are first pumped out of the stomach, and then the basal secret. After that, the patient is stimulated by secretion with the help of special drugs or a trial breakfast is given in the form of a broth, after half an hour, a fifteen-minute fence is carried out, which is then studied in the laboratory. The procedure is performed under local annestabrs.

The probing of the stomach is a procedure that has a series of contraindications. It cannot be carried out in the case of severe pathologies of the cardiovascular system, gastric bleeding, as well as during pregnancy.

If the patient has contraindications to conduct a duodenal sensing of the stomach, the secretion estimate is performed by a free way using the Acidestest preparation. The sample is also carried out in the morning on an empty stomach. Analysis of the secretory function of the stomach is carried out by studying the portions of urine after receiving the drug.

Endoscopic techniques

Endoscopic study of the organs of the gastrointestinal treatise implies the introduction of special optical devices into its lumen. To date, this is the most technologically developed procedure that allows us to obtain a complete picture of the status and functioning of a thick and small intestine, as well as to carry out a biopsy - to obtain a sample material for further histological research.

The endoscopic methods of the study of the gastrointestinal tract include the following diagnostic procedures:

As a rule, endoscopic methods for the study of the gastrointestinal tract are not used in the presence of a patient allergies on anesthetizing drugs, as well as pathologies associated with blood coagulation disorders. In addition, they all require special training that the attending physician will tell in detail.

Radi methods

As it follows from the name, to the radiation methods of the study of the gastrointestinal tract, it is customary to belong to those that imply the use of radiation. The most widespread in gastroenterology received the following techniques:

x-ray or x-ray studies of the abdominal organs by performing X-ray pictures. Usually before the patient's procedure, it is necessary to use a barium porridge, which is opaque for X-ray radiation and makes it possible to well visualize almost all pathological changes; Ultrasound examination of the abdominal cavity The study of the gastrointestinal tract by ultrasound radiation. The variety of ultrasound is the so-called dopplerometry, which allows to estimate the rate of blood flow and movement of the walls of the organs; Scintigraphy Study of the activity of the gastrointestinal tract using radioactive isotopes that the patient uses with food. The process of its promotion is fixed with the help of special equipment; Computer and magnetic resonance tomography These studies are appointed only with the need for suspected tumor neoplasms, biliary disease and other pathological conditions.

The possibilities of modern gastroenterology

Today, many modern clinics offer their patients, such a service as an integrated examination of the tract, pass which is possible, both if the disease is suspected of a disease of a digestive system and in preventive purposes. Comprehensive diagnostics implies the use of a set of various techniques to estimate the state of the gastrointestinal tract organs, draw up the most complete picture of the existing disorders.

Conducting such an extended diagnosis may be necessary to the patients who suffer from a complex disease of unclear etiology, accompanied by impaired metabolic disorders and other serious symptoms. The possibilities of modern gastroenterological clinics make it possible to conduct a comprehensive examination of patients using the latest generation medical equipment, with which you can get the most accurate research results in a short time. The list of analyzes and research may vary depending on the specific diagnostic program.

The presence of such symptoms as:

smell from the mouth
stomach ache
heartburn
diarrhea
constipation
nausea, vomiting
belching
high gas formation (meteorism)

If you have at least 2 of these symptoms, it testifies to developing

gastritis or ulcers.

These diseases are hazardous by developing serious complications (penetration, gastric bleeding, etc.), many of which can lead to

exodus. Treatment should be started now.

Read the article on how a woman got rid of these symptoms to beat them the main reason. Total material ...

Each sensible person who is not indifferent to his health and the general condition of the body, must occasionally check the digestive organs from time to time.

How to go through the full examination of the digestive organs?

It is known that the digestion system begins with the oral strip, the pharynx, which goes into the esophagus. Food from the esophagus falls into the stomach. The continuation of the stomach is a thin and thick intestine. In addition, the digestive system includes glands of the stomach and small intestine, the presence of pancreas, liver and gallbladder.

Full examination of digestive bodies includes:

reception of a specialist;

Ultrasound of digestive organs;

fence of functional samples of the liver;

blood test for general and direct bilirubin;

blood tests on AST and Alt;

analysis on the level of alkaline phosphatase.

The accuracy and informativeness of the results of radiological, endoscopic and ultrasound methods of studying the organs of the digestive system in a large extent depends on the quality of preparing patients to conduct these studies.

X-ray study of digestive organs

X-ray study of digestive organs. Patients with normal intestinal function do not require any special training. With severely pronounced meteorism and stubborn constipation, the cleansing enema is recommended 1.5-2 hours to research. As a contrast agent, with radioscopy, the suspension of barium sulfate is used, which is prepared at the rate of 100 g of powder on 80 ml of water.

For the X-ray study of the gallbladder and biliary tract, such methods of study of the organs of the digestive system are used as

cholecystography
and chopper (the study of bile ducts).

Before holding cholecistography and chopper, the patient must comply with the diet for 3 days to prevent meteorism (raw cabbage, black bread, milk) are excluded. The cleansing enema is put only with a pronounced meteorism. When cholecystography, the patient on the eve of the study takes an X-ray-sensitive iodine-containing drug (choleviz, iodagnoste, etc.) at the rate of 1 g per 20 kg of body weight of the patient, drinking it with sweet tea for half an hour. The maximum concentration of the drug in the gallbladder is observed 15-17 hours after reception, after which X-ray shots of the gallbladder are made. When holding a chip, a contrast agent (biligan, bilitatest, etc.) is administered intravenously.

Cholecystography is not carried out with severe liver lesions, increased sensitivity to iodine, and a chipopaph - with acute inflammatory diseases of bile ducts flowing with increasing temperature (cholangitis), expressed hyperfunction of the thyroid gland. The x-ray study of the colon (irrigoscopy) is carried out using a contrasting enema.

When preparing for irrigoscopy, on the eve of the study, the patient is given to the lunch of 30 g of castor oil, in the evening and in the morning they put a cleansing enema. As a contrast agent, the suspension of barium sulfate, heated to the body temperature, the suspension is introduced using the belief.

Endoscopic examination of the digestive system

Endoscopic examination of the digestive organs allow using a special optical device (endoscope) to inspect the mucous membrane of the esophagus, stomach, duodenum, direct and sigmoid gut (reorganosososcopy), colon (colonoscopy), abdominal organs (laparoscopy).

With esophagogastroduodenoscopy, special training of patients is not required. Planned gastroscopy is carried out in the morning on an empty stomach, an emergency - at any time of the day, 30 minutes before the study, the patient is administered subcutaneously in ml of 1% atropine solution; Immediately before the study, the local anesthesia of the mucous membrane of the pharynx is carried out. Preparation for rectoroscopy includes the formulation of the cleansing enema in the evening and in the morning. Preparation for colonoscopy is similar to that when irrigoscopy.

For the diagnosis of diseases of the digestion organs, ultrasounds are widely used (echography). Preparation for it is usually reduced to combating meteorism (diet, receiving activated carbon in 2-3 days before the study, intake of enzyme preparations, such as Festal).

Stages of a full survey of digestive organs

If you do not know where to start and how to complete the full examination of the digestive organs, first of all, recommends to visit your doctor who is engaged in the test and diagnosis of the digestive system. The survey includes the following processes:

probing;

x-ray;

scanning tomography;

ultrasonic localization.

Using the aforementioned methods, it was possible to carry out a comprehensive check of all organs of the digestive system using modern and new computer equipment.

In case you have teeth damaged by caries, it is recommended to consult a doctor into a dental clinic and go through the rotting cavity. Caries to some extent also considers the cause of the development of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, since various microorganisms of incomprehensible origin come with food intake in the body.

Ezopagogastroscopy method is appointed in cases where heaviness in the stomach is observed after eating food, sour taste in the oral cavity, nausea, tongue raids, as well as hungry pain. The essence of this method is to conduct a tube with a monitor, with which it is possible to inspect the gastric mucosa and, if there is such a need, take tissue tests or stop bleeding, which can also be diagnosed with a similar method.

To examine the digestive organs, most often resort to this method as an ultrasound study. With it, you can examine the stomach and the entire abdominal cavity of the person, having obtained accurate results. Diagnosis using ultrasound contributes to the identification of violations in the work of such digestive organs as

liver,
stomach,
check for diseases of the pancreas,
and also check, or there are no excrement in the bustle bubble.

Method of full liver survey

The laboratory diagnosis of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract will help to reveal the pathology in a timely manner, clarify its stage and prescribe the necessary treatment.

Read more about research ...

Timely identification of stomach diseases - the ability to reduce the risk of developing such pathologies as ulcer, oncology and others.

Learn more ...

The laboratory diagnosis of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract requires special preparation for the procedures - the informativeness and accuracy of the study depends on this.

Learn about research preparation

You can get the results of the analyzes personally, by phone, by email or with a courier.

Learn more ...

The stomach is the organ of the gastrointestinal tract in which the wriggles are taking place. In the gastroenterological practice there is a large number of different stomach diseases. Some of them can be dangerous and lead to the development of complications. That is why it is so important to carry out the instrumental and laboratory surveys of the stomach appointed by the specialist. They will allow the disease in a timely manner, with maximum accuracy to clarify its stage and appoint effective treatment.

When you follow the stomach examination

If any deviations are found in the work gastrointestinal tract, you need to contact the gastroenterologist. It is this specialist who can recommend to complete the survey of the stomach both to establish or clarify the diagnosis and in preventive purposes. It is usually prescribed if there is such symptoms in a patient:

pain per chest or in the epigastric area;
reinforced gas formation;
bleeding from the colon;
pain, a feeling of cutting or gravity appearing in the stomach after meals;
frequent heartburn;
vomiting in which there is a blood admixture;
extinguishing having a sour taste;
frequent nausea or vomiting of food used on the eve;
violation of the digestive function or the act of swallowing;
feeling of a foreign body in the esophagus;
changes in appetite (when the desire to eat is reduced or absent for a long time, as well as in cases where a person is constantly tormented by a feeling of hunger).

Indications for the appointment of medical surveys of the stomach may be various diseases. Hardware diagnostic tools help to identify the cause of the disease and find out how efficient treatment is. Various stomach survey procedures are carried out at:

the presence of polyps and other neoplasms on the gastric mucosa;
gastritis;
hernia;
ulcerative disease;
reflux disease;
oncological diseases;
inflammatory processes of any etiology in the pancreas, in the field of duodenum and the stomach;
portal hypertensive gastropathy;
ahalasia esophagus;
gallgamed disease.

In order to clarify the diagnosis or control of the conducted treatment with a gastroenterologist, various types of instrumental and laboratory studies are appointed.

Methods for diagnosing stomach pathologies

Statistics argue that approximately 95% of the population in one way or another needs regular observation at the gastroenterologist. But you should not be afraid. Modern level of diagnosis of stomach diseases in Russia high. In a variety of clinics, there are high-tech equipment, allowing to diagnose with high accuracy, and qualified gastroenterologists, which will explain what kind of stomach examination you need and where to begin preparations for it.

Tool methods for surveying stomach

The hardware methods of the survey of the stomach are the main link in the diagnosis of diseases of the digestive system. They cannot replace each other. Each such methods of the stomach survey are prescribed on the basis of an existing clinical picture and makes it possible to assess the morphological and structural features of the digestive organ.

The modern instrumental methods of the survey of the stomach refers:

Gastroscopy, or esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGDS), - This is an inspection of the stomach with the help of a special flexible tool, with fiber optic thread inside and a micro lens at the end of the device, - an endoscope. EGDS is prescribed before the planned operation, with a significant weight loss and any symptoms of the stomach or intestinal diseases (nausea, strong heartburn, pain, belching, sensation of gravity in the stomach, etc.). Contraindications to her conduct are:

pronounced respiratory failure;
heart rhythm disorders;
hypertensive crisis;
stroke;
hypertensive crisis;
mental disorders.

The doctor always talks about how to prepare for such a survey of the stomach, since it depends on the accuracy and information content of the results. Patient follows:

abandon meals 10 hours before the study;
do not smoke and not take medicines in capsules or tablets before the procedure;
remove tie, glasses and dentures for the time of the procedure.

Gastroscopy takes from 5 to 10 minutes. The patient is asked to lie on the left side. A throat is inserted into the mouth, an endoscope is introduced into the throat. The doctor asks to make a swallowing movement and, driving an endoscope, makes an inspection.

Note!
Do not be afraid of pain in the process of gastroscopy. When using new equipment and special anesthetics, unpleasant feelings are minimized.

No other types of stomach diagnostics will not give so much information to form a diagnosis and the choice of the treatment method. Only EGDS allows you to consider internal surface of the body in detail, make a digital video recording process and carry out the necessary additional research (biopsy and determining the acidity of gastric juice). The results of a gastroscopic study with a detailed description of seen during the inspection of age or pathological changes are issued to the patient on the same day. Often the EGDS is appointed together with colonoscopy, or fibrocolonoscopy (FCC)- similar procedure, but intended for inspecting a bowel.

Radioscopy stomach - This is the visualization of the organ on the screen of radiological equipment used to study the state of mucous membranes and diagnose violations in their functioning. Indications for its conduct is:

weight loss;
belching;
blood in feces;
heartburn;
switching.

Attention!
Do not confuse x-ray with radiography! Radiography implies the creation of radiographic shots for their subsequent study. Digital X-ray is the most informative method of studying the organ in real time and in motion. The procedure passes quickly and does not require the receipt of numerous pictures. In addition, the radiation load in the radioscopic devices is one hundred times.

Radioscopy stomach has contraindications. It is not recommended to conduct it in case of obstruction of the intestines, through violation of the wall of the stomach, pregnancy, and the patient in the patient allergies for drugs, which contains a barium.

Preparation for such a stomach survey is very simple. The patient needs to be excluded from the diet of legumes, milk, pastries, fruits, vegetables and refrain from meals in the evening.

Before the start of x-ray, the patient takes a contrast substance - a suspension with barium sulfate (approximately 0.250 ml). This substance envelops the gastric mucous membrane, delays the X-ray rays, providing a clear image of the organ on the screen. After that, the patient is asked to take different poses and take pictures. No unpleasant sensations procedure causes.

It is important to know!
After the survey is completed, light nausea may appear and the feces will be white for 2-3 days. Do not worry! So the body displays barium sulfate.

Radioscopy results allow you to quickly and accurately diagnose various stomach diseases - gastritis, hernia, malignant formations, stomach and duodenal ulcers.

Echography, or ultrasound examination of the stomach- Method based on tissue ability to reflect sound waves with a frequency of more than 20 kHz. Such a study is prescribed extremely rarely and mainly to children. Why? Ultrasound of the stomach (it is the stomach) - a low-informative procedure in comparison, for example, with gastroscopy. In case of echography it is impossible to see the pathology of the whole, it is impossible to simultaneously make a biopsy, track the nature of the change. But in view of the fact that other types of hardware research children can deliver discomfort, begin with an ultrasound of the stomach - solely to confirm the suspicion of the gastroenterologist. The final diagnosis after this study is impossible. As a primary diagnosis, it is sometimes appointed and adults, fearingly related to other types of research.

The ultrasound of the stomach is recommended if reinforced gas formation is tormented, pain in the area of \u200b\u200bthe stomach arise, there are problems with digesting food or suspicion of gastritis, ulcers, polyps or oncological neoplasms.

Assigning an ultrasound of the stomach, the doctor always clarifies which preparation is required during the examination, because the accuracy of the results depends on it. For about 3 days, patients should be excluded from the fiber (fruits, vegetables), dairy products, legumes, carbonated drinks and pickles, bread. In the morning before the procedure, you can not eat, drink and smoke. Typically, this study is carried out (not always) as part of the ultrasound of all abdominal organs.

By time, ultrasound takes 7-15 minutes. The patient falls on the couch and a special gel is applied on the stomach. The doctor drives the skin sensor and gets an image on the monitor. In some cases, after a survey on a hungry stomach, a patient needs to drink 0.5 liters of water and again pass the procedure. No unpleasant feelings of ultrasound causes.

The results of the ultrasound are known immediately after the completion of the survey. They suggest that there is discomfort, since many factors are evaluated:

the position and size of the organ in cuts - in the norm they are "oval or rounded ring-shaped formations with a rim of an echonegative nature and the echoopositive center";
outdoor serous shell - in the norm "Hyperehogenic";
muscle shell size - "20-25 mm, hypo echogenic character";
the size of the submucosal shell is "up to 3 mm, medium echogenicity";
muscular plate mucous - "up to 1 mm, low hypo echogenicity";
the state of the mucous - "up to 1.5 mm in the amount of hyperheogenic";
the wall thickness is normal "5 layers of the wall, different by echogenicity, the wall thickness - from 4-6 to 6-8 mm in the proximal sections";
the layers of the gastric wall - "uniform";
peristalistic - "Primary evacuation of a glass of water - 3 min, full - 20 minutes";
the presence of inflammation is "no".

It is interesting!
Ultrasound is a method of diagnosing a stomach that has no harmful effect on the body. It is applied even to the newborn.

Laboratory diagnostics of stomach pathologies

These are studies of biological fluids of the body: gastric juice, blood, feces and urine. Without instrumental methods, they will not help put an accurate diagnosis. But they must be carried out with a complete examination of the stomach, otherwise it is impossible to determine the secretory activity, the bacterial composition of the intestine, the activity of hepatic enzymes and other important indicators.

Study of gastric juice prescribed with chronic gastritis and stomach ulcers. Conduct this examination and with such states as functional ahlorohydria and irritated stomach.

It is necessary to prepare for the study - no later than 8 pm, on the eve of the Eat Light Dinner, and in the morning on the day the procedure does not smoke, do not drink fluids, do not take medicines and is not there. Taking the gastric juice is made using a special probe, which is neatly introduced through the mouth and esophagus. After that, the probe is removed, give a sick breakfast, and after they take another portion of the gastric juice. There is a unforgent method. It is based on the reception of the patient of the reagents, after which saliva and urine on the subject of color changes are investigated.

The results of the sensing implies a description of the color, volume, odor, determining the acidity of the gastric juice. They allow us to estimate the functional and morphological state of the gastric mucosa and are the main to determine the secretory function of the stomach. But the results of noiseless methods give only approximate information without quantitative characteristics of the gastric secretion.

Blood research. Without it, no comprehensive examination will no longer be diagnosed or verifying any diseases of the stomach. Blood take on an analysis in the morning on an empty stomach. During the day before the procedure, you should not use alcohol and fatty high-calorie food, it is necessary to refrain from smoking. If the study requires a fence, for example, a stimulation sample involving the use of a protein mixture, it is necessary to make sure that the patient did not have an allergy in a history of allergies to certain vegetable and animal proteins. If the gastroenterological patient takes medicines, it is necessary to find out: is it possible to refuse them. If not, then at least 1 day before the study, it is necessary to reduce the dosage. It is also possible that drugs do not distort the test results. Blood is taken in compliance with all the rules of asepsis and antiseptics.

According to the results of the analysis, it is possible to estimate the overall condition of the body, morphological damage to tissues, to determine the functional features of the organ, to determine the stage of the inflammatory process and the effectiveness of therapy.

Today, special gastroenterological panels have been developed, including a complex of blood testers from Vienna. The panel may include, for example, tests to the level and proportions of pepsinogenic I and II, stimulated or basal gastroy-17, for the presence of antigens (IgG) to the Helicobacter Pylori bacterium capable of leading to H. pylori-associated chronic gastritis. In addition, the testimony for such a study is usually the risk of ulcerative disease and various disposal disorders.

It is known that with the inflammation of the pancreas, the lipase enzyme (triacyl glyceolacylhydrolase) falls into the blood, thus, if the lipase can be detected in the blood in the amount of more than 78 units, we can talk about acute or chronic pancreatitis either about the perforative ulcer of the stomach.

To confirm or refute the autoimmune pathologies of the stomach (chronic atrophic gastritis, pernicious anemia, etc.), blood serum is taken on antibodies (IgG, IgA, IgM) to the stomach parietal cells, as well as antibodies (IgG) to the internal factor of castela and antibodies ( IgG) Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Saccharomyces Cerevisiae (ASCA).

Although perfect specific oncomarcresses for cancer of the stomach have not yet been found, it is known that the level of some antigens correlates with the stage of oncology. These antigens in particular include CA 72-4 and CA 19-9 antigens. The latter is used to monitor the carcinoma of the pancreas together with the carcinoembrium antigen (REA).

Study urine. The overall analysis of urine is prescribed in diarrhea, vomiting, ascite (accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity) and malignant neoplasms. It should be noted that with uncomplicated ulcer disease, urine analysis results do not show any significant changes. On the eve of the procedure, you should not take diuretic products and consume any products that change the color of urine (carrots, beets, etc.). Only the morning urine is taken to analyze. Before this should carry out hygienic procedures of external genital organs. A small amount of urine (the first 1-2 seconds) to be released into the toilet, and the subsequent portion in the volume of 50 ml to assemble into a sterile container.

In the results of the analysis indicate the physico-chemical characteristics of urine (specific weight, acidity, color, transparency) and check the blades for the presence of some inclusions (protein, blood cells, glucose, hemoglobin, etc.).

Study Cala. It is assigned when any symptoms of diseases of the digestive system appear. In order for the results to be informative, the patient within 3 days before the procedure should exclude fish and meat foods from the diet, and also do not take medication with iodine, iron and bromine. For analysis take a small number of feces immediately after sleep. Send it to the study in a sterile container.

The results always indicate the presence of blood flow and mucus, it is estimated to estimate its color, smell, consistency and other physico-chemical characteristics. Explicit and especially hidden bleeding are observed at ulcerative disease in 10-15% of cases. But most often bleeding is fixed with a 12-rosen ulcer. In case of acute blood loss, calmed.

physical;
laboratory;
instrumental.

Physical research

Lab tests

gamma-glovedranspend of gamma (Gamma GT) is another enzyme, an increased level of which indicates inflammation of bile ducts, hepatitis or mechanical jaundice;

lipase is another enzyme produced by the pancreas, the level of which increases with pancreatitis and other pathologies of the digestive system.

Another common laboratory study, widely used in gastroenterology, is a test for the detection of hidden bleeding. The basis of this analysis is the detection of hidden hemoglobin in the cartoons.

If necessary, the laboratory diagnostics of the gastrointestinal tract can be supplemented with such studies as an immunoferment analysis (ELISA) of feces and blood plasma.

Tool techniques

Evaluation of secretion of gastric acid

Endoscopic techniques

The endoscopic methods of the study of the gastrointestinal tract include the following diagnostic procedures:

Radi methods

The possibilities of modern gastroenterology

The presence of such symptoms as:

smell from the mouth
stomach ache
heartburn
diarrhea
constipation
nausea, vomiting
belching
high gas formation (meteorism)

If you have at least 2 of these symptoms, it testifies to developing

gastritis or ulcers.

These diseases are hazardous by developing serious complications (penetration, gastric bleeding, etc.), many of which can lead to

exodus. Treatment should be started now.

Read the article on how a woman got rid of these symptoms to beat them the main reason. Total material ...

Determine the disease in any patient without the use of modern technologies is quite difficult. There are diseases that cause the same symptoms, therefore, in most cases, patients complained about the problems of the gastrointestinal tract (gastrointestinal tract), the doctors prescribe instrumental, laboratory or radiological studies. These methods of research are accurately determined by the sick body, find out the reason and help draw recommendations for the treatment of the gastrointestinal tract.

Basic diagnostic methods

Tool Research Zhkt.

Methods for studying diseases of the gastrointestinal tract are divided into several categories:

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Physical research. The most simple methods of examination: palpation, percussion.
Tool methods. Capsule endoscopy, fibroesophageastrodenoscopy, colonoscopy.
Magnetic resonance tomography (MRI).
Radiological methods. Radioscopy, Computer Tomography (CRT), irrigoscopy.
Ultrasound procedure.
The method of detection of bacteria Helicobacter pylori.
Other technologies (sensing).

Physical research

Recently, a physical examination was the only possibility of a doctor to determine the disease. Now this technique is applied more and less, especially in developed countries.

Palpation

Palpation is used to study the gastrointestinal

Manual examination of the patient. To identify the diseases of the gastrointestinal diseases, there are certain palpation techniques that gradually disappear from the medical arsenal.

Percussion

Tapping some organs. Doctor for sound determines the presence of the development of pathology.

Instrumental research methods

From the title it follows that special tools and devices are used to diagnose.

Fibrozophagogastroduodenoscopy

The study of the gastrointestinal tract with an endoscope, which has a tip equipped with a small telectery. Survey the esophagus, duodenum, stomach. It is carried out both in emergency cases and in chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal diseases.

The diagnosis of the endoscope is contraindicated with esophageal burns, respiratory failure and heart problems.

Colonoscopy

Investigation of the colon mucosa with a fibrocolonoscope is a special probe with a television game.

RectorOnososcopy.

The study of the colon to a depth of 25 centimeters with a rectoscope - a lighting device capable of supplying air. It is carried out quickly and efficiently. During the survey of the sigmoid intestine, rectosigmocolonoscopy is appointed, during which the doctors are usually carried out also a biopsy - a fence of suspicious tissues for analysis.

Video Capset Endoscopy.

The patient swallows small capsules, as they pass through the gastrointestinal system, they perform shooting at which the gastroenterologist will be able to determine which of the diseases of the tract in the patient.

Radiological examinations

Rentgenoscopy Zhkt.

Radiographic images and today remain one of the important methods for the diagnosis of different diseases. With their help, the doctor may consider the changes occurring in the agencies.

Radioscopy.

It is carried out for examination of different organs by removing X-ray shots after filling the barya suspension organs.

CRT or computed tomography

This is a virtual diagnostics, which is carried out by tomograph to determine changes in the state of colon, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, appendix, spleen, intestines, detecting polyps and tumors.

"Doctors hide the truth!"

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Ultrasound procedure

The ultrasound of the gastrointestinal tract is used to detect diseases associated with pathological changes in the contour of organs, the accumulation of liquids.

Uzi methods for studying diseases of the gastrointestinal system are not as effective as others, and therefore are usually used together with additional methods.

Magnetic resonance imaging

For the survey, the gastrointestinal tract is used computed tomography

Magnetic resonance tomography (MRI) in many cases helps doctors to determine the diagnosis. The study is carried out without hazardous radiation, without the use of chemical additions for a contrast image. Gives clear images of the gastrointestinal bodies.

Methods for detecting bacteria Helicobacter Pilori

These methods are effective for identifying the ulcer of the stomach and duodenum. According to the latest data from scientists, due to the lesion of the gastrointestinal tract by bacteria, and in most cases this problem occurs. To determine the source of diseases, diagnostics involves histological research, the definition of antigens in feces and blood, carrying out respiratory tests with urea.

Other methods

Methods for the study of the gastrointestinal bodies

There are other methods for identifying diseases of the digestive organs, such as the probing of the stomach. Particle of the contents of the organ sucking using the probe and send to the analysis to the laboratory.

Possible consequences

For the examination of the gastrointestinal organs, such methods are simply necessary, but the patient should know that in some cases they can lead to some complications. True, it happens extremely rarely, not always by negligence doctors, in many respects the result depends on the patient himself and its mood.

Risks research:

in instrumental methods, bleeding, damage to the walls of the gastrointestinal tract, psychological injuries, the development of aspiration pneumonia and serum hepatitis are possible;
x-ray studies are dangerous in that they irradiate the patient, they cannot be carried out often.
safe methods may not show the exact picture of pathology and lead to erroneous data.

On the diagnosis of the digestive tract:

Diagnosis of diseases in Israel

Israel is considered one of the leading countries where medicine has reached the highest level. The diagnosis of the gastrointestinal organs is carried out with the help of modern technologies and qualified doctors.

Before you go to the diagnostics, you need to consult with the doctor, a one-day diet is sometimes required for the study, compliance with a special nutritional mode.

After the study of the gastrointestinal tract, the doctor is determined with treatment methods. In Israel, all conditions have been created for patients so that they can quickly go on amendment, felt calmly and were sure that they would necessarily help.

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How to check the intestine? This question is often disturbing many people. The problems of the intestinal disorders are very relevant today, since the intestine is a complex system that acute responds to any changes in the diet. The intestine is a large functional system, which is inclined to accumulate slags, toxins and carts that clog the clearance and impede the normal functioning of all departments. Disorders of the gastrointestinal tract are the cause of the development of various pathologies.

When the first symptoms of the intestine dysfunction appear, each person has a question: "How to check the grate?", "What methods are most safe?", "Is it possible to check the intestine not invasive?". All these questions arise, and without finding decisions, a person simply ignores its problem, which turns out of discomfort to a serious pathology having a chronic character. As a rule, to designate adequate and efficient treatment, the specialist needs to explore the condition of the thin and thick departments of the intestine. This uses different methods. Especially acute the issue of the intestinal diagnosis is facing parents. For children, highly efficient methods for studying the gastrointestinal tract, which make it possible to estimate its condition quickly and painlessly.

If the stomach or intestines hurts, and the pain is permanent, then the verification of modern methods of examination is simply necessary. As a rule, which there are diagnostic methods, the doctor tells himself before the examination. He also assigns a specific method of checking. Before signing up for the intestinal examination, make sure that there are no contraindications and consult a specialist.

When is the intestinal survey?

Any surveys are appointed by the doctor with appropriate indications. As a rule, the intestine immediately after the appearance of violations gives you to know about it, and characteristic symptoms appear. The symptoms of dysfunction of the gastrointestinal tract may have chronic and periodic. The first complaints about violations of the gastrointestinal tract should be accompanied by a campaign to the doctor, because in the future, even minor symptoms can grow into a serious illness. If you have noticed alarming symptoms, then the time to pass the survey. To the symptoms of violation, the work of the GTI:

abdominal pain;
bloating and meteorism;
violation of defecation and disorder of digestion;
spasms of the intestinal walls;
hemorrhoids and exacerbation of his flow;
irritable bowel syndrome;
blood impurities, mucus and pus in the wheel masses;
burning and pain during defecation.

RectorOnoscopy allows you to diagnose the rectum and reveal cracks and bleeding

The presence of the above symptoms indicates serious intestinal disorders and requires compulsory treatment. Symptoms can disappear or present constantly, but even if they rarely arise, it is necessary to identify the reason for their occurrence. The examination of the Tolstoy Department, in particular the rectum - a delicate question. As a rule, many hike to the doctor scares, and they postpone the examination until the symptoms are exacerbated. Before checking the intestines, you need to familiarize yourself with all the available diagnostic methods. You can pass the survey of the gastrointestinal tract only by appointing a doctor and under its observation, because to obtain a sufficient number of information about the state of the gastrointestinal tract, it is necessary to properly prepare.

About purifying bowel bowel

Methods for checking the intestines

Modern medicine offers many intestinal examination methods. To believe the intestines, you do not need to pass painful manipulations. Modern diagnostic methods are simple and painless, so they can be checked with children. The choice of the method of examination of the gastrointestinal tract depends on the symptoms and complaints of the patient, on the basis of which the doctor defines the most appropriate examination for the intestine.

Before checking the intestines with a laboratory, the doctor conducts a preliminary inspection by palpation. After palpation, more informative means of inspection are prescribed, which allow you to better assess the state of the lower and upper departments of the intestine.

The most common methods of modern diagnosis of the gastrointestinal tract:

rectorOnoscopy (rectoscopy);
anoscopy;
sphincterometry;
colonoscopy;
radiography;
endoscopy;
cT scan;
capsual examination.

Ultrasound can reveal the diseases of the whole gastrointestinal tract

Diagnostic methods are appointed individually depending on the required departments. These survey methods not only allow to assess the state of the intestine, but also identify the existing diseases.

RectorOnoscopy (rectoscopy).
RectorOnososcopy (rectoscopy) is a method of diagnosing a thick divide department, which allows you to estimate the state of the rectum to the sigmoid gut. The procedure is carried out using a special device - retro. The camera is built into the apparatus and the light source, which allows you to study with the standing mucous membrane. This apparatus allows you to diagnose the diseases of the rectum and reveal cracks and bleeding. In the process of inspection, the cutting of the rectum is felt, it looks like a desire to empty. This is a very informative examination of the small intestine.
The procedure itself is painless and is often used to inspect children. The patient takes the knee-elbow position, and a retroxy is introduced into the anal hole. In this position, the doctor can estimate the state of mucous membranes, vessels and identify illness of the lumen of the rectum and the anal channel.
Anoscopy.
Anoscopy is the easiest method of diagnosing anal hole and its channel. Unlike other methods of survey, the anoscopy makes it possible to estimate the condition of the anal opening and the rectum at no more than 12 cm. A procedure is assigned for prophylactic examination of children, as well as for treating hemorrhoids in adults. The procedure is very unpleasant, but for inspection of children use an analgesic agent. This procedure is also shown to extract foreign objects from the rectum.
Sphycterometry.
Sphycterometry is a procedure for assessing the muscle tone of the anal hole. This method is used to inspect children and evaluate the contractile ability of sphincter and the ability to hold the feces. With the help of spitterometry, a cellular study is carried out, and analyzes for biopsy are taken. With this method of diagnostics, you can reveal the diseases of the rectum, as well as cell development anomalies, polyps and initial cancer development.
Ultrasound.
Ultrasound examination is an informative method with which you can estimate the state of all intestinal departments. This is a simple way to check the delicate intestine, stomach and estimate the state of the thick department. The diagnostic method will not be invasive, so it is often used to study the state of the gastrointestinal tract in children. Ultrasound allows you to identify the diseases of the whole gastrointestinal tract, therefore it is one of the safest methods of examination.
Colonoscopy.
Colonoscopy is a modern method of diagnosis, which is carried out using a colonoscope - a device equipped with a video and camera. The end of the colonoscope is introduced into the rectum. With it, you can see the entire large intestine and take samples on the biopsy. The procedure requires special training, since it covers a large volume of intestinal cavity. Colonoscopy is considered the most reliable way to study the rectum.
Radiography.
Rentgeygnosis - a study method for which the contrast is used. The contrast substance fills the lumen and increases the information content. With the help of X-ray, any abdominal diseases can be identified, in particular tumors, anomalies of structure and functioning, as well as inflammatory processes. X-ray or irrigoscopy are used for inspection of both adults and children.
Endoscopy.
Endoscopy is one of the most unpleasant research methods. This procedure provides for input to the esophagus of a special device - an endoscope, which is equipped with a camera. Endoscopy is used to assess the state of the esophagus and the stomach. Endoscopy plays a major role in recognizing oncological diseases at an early stage.
Computed tomography (CT).
CT - a modern diagnostic method that is used for a layered study. This method is effective for diagnosing diseases of the thin and large intestine. During the survey, a three-dimensional image of the studied part of the gastrointestinal tract is created, which allows reliable results on the state of the intestine. This is not an invasive and safe method that can be used to inspect children even younger school age. With the help of CT, you can estimate the condition of all organs of the abdominal cavity.
Capsual examination.
Capsual examination is the newest method of diagnosing gastrointestinal tract. With it, you can estimate the condition of all departments of the intestine. The essence of the method is to swallow a small capsule in which the camcorder is built. The capsule slowly moves through the gastrointestinal tract, passing information about the state of the mucous membrane, the presence of pathological processes and tumors.

Before starting self-treatment and check the intestine, it is better to get a doctor's advice and get a comprehensive study of the PCT status. Dangerous pathologies may hide behind insignificant symptoms, and their timely identification will speed up recovery.

According to doctors, it is necessary to conduct a stomach survey at least once a year. Also to pass certain analyzes is required when developing adverse symptoms. Various techniques help to identify pathological problems in this organ and start therapy in a timely manner. What stomach tests should be passed to learn about his condition?

The work of the whole organism as a whole depends on the work of the stomach. It is from him that all the processes of digestion of food begin. If the organ works incorrectly or does not observe the concentration of gastric juice, then the exchange processes are violated.

Then the patient begins to suffer from various symptoms in the form:

periodic pain in the abdomen. Pain syndrome occurs at any time of the day. More often localized in the top of the belly on the left. Their character and intensity are different: sharp, strong, weak, novice, cutting and stuck. At the doctor's reception, you need to clarify how unpleasant feelings have long started, and at what time they are most manifested;
nausea and vomiting. These features indicate liver diseases, the development of gastritis and ulcerative lesion. Vomit urge act as a protective reaction. They are trying to clean the organism from toxic substances. If the patient has black vomiting, it speaks of internal bleeding. In such cases, urgently need to raise an ambulance;
heartburn. Many patients do not perceive this sign seriously and very in vain. Heartburn for the most part appears after the use of certain dishes. This process signals a gastric juice from the stomach back to the esophagus;
dysphagia. One of the serious symptoms. With such pathology, it is difficult to swallow food, against the background of which it penetrates into the nose. This indicates a narrowing of the esophagus and the increased acidity of the gastric juice;
stool violations. With reduced acidity, the patient complains about permanent constipation, while there is a pain on the left side. With increased acidity, the situation is observed inverse. A person suffers from regular diarrhea, while the chair is observed from 3 to 5 times a day.

If unpleasant symptoms occur, you should urgently visit the doctor and go through the appropriate examination.

Gastric check techniques

How to check the stomach? In modern times there are many ways to diagnose gastric diseases that offer private and state hospitals. Fibrogastroduodenoscopy is considered the most informative. Only with this technique, it is possible to estimate the state of the stomach mucosa with high accuracy.

Whatever type of analysis offered a doctor, each of them has its pros and cons. Checking the stomach is divided into three main types:

physical diagnostic method. It implies the collection of anamnesis, listening to patient complaints, examination and palpation of the abdomen;
lab tests. In the patient, biological fluids are taken from the body, which are checked for the presence of causative agents and the number of necessary substances;
hardware diagnostic techniques. Domestic organs inspect with special instruments and tools.

The stomach survey implies careful preparations for each procedure. This will make it possible to correctly assess the state, put an accurate diagnosis and assign appropriate treatment.

Fisical methods

Any body check begins with a doctor conversation with a patient. The physical research method consists of several stages:

collection of anamnesis for the presence of chronic pathologies and hereditary predisposition, identification of complaints in the patient;
inspection of the patient. The doctor estimates the external state, changing the shade and structure of the skin and mucous membranes of the eyes. Scattering the skin, the exhaustion of the body indicate cancer formations, stenosis of the launched type, gemoglobin lack. In case of graying the shade of the skin and anorexia, an ulcer lesion of the stomach is observed, internal bleeding, low hemoglobin;
viewing the oral cavity. In carious formations, they are talking about the infection of the body. In the absence of teeth and their increased incidence, problems with digestive function are observed. The doctor also estimates the state of the language. If it is clean, but wet, then the peptic disease is in the remission. Surunt raid and bad smell of mouth speaks about gastritis in acute form;
palping belly. When the patient is very exhausted, the contours of the organ are well defined. On them you can reveal the stenosis of the gatekeeper, the sluggish peristaltics, neoplasms on the mucous membrane;
percussion. If you need to determine the presence of noise in the stomach, the patient is asked to take a supreme position, while raising the hands up.

Based on the results of the physical examination, the doctor can put a preliminary diagnosis. For further detection of pathology, additional techniques are prescribed based on the symptoms of the disease.

Laboratory techniques

Check the internally condition of the body using laboratory analyzes. The patient is asked to hand over blood from veins and fingers, as well as urine and cavalous masses.

Blood is analyzed in two ways.

General analysis. It helps to evaluate the stage of the inflammatory process, to identify anemia, determine the level of hemoglobin and other substances in the blood.
Biochemical analysis. He is a little more difficult. With its help, the level of bilirubin, amylase, urea and serum condition are determined. Also a little material is taken on cytology, histology, oncomarkers.

In Urin, the overall condition of the body is determined. For example, with elevated diastasis, pancreatitis detects. If an increase in urobilin occurs, then the jaundice is diagnosed.

Hardware techniques

Great clarity on the state of the stomach can be obtained after diagnostics with the help of equipment.

Fibrogastroduodenoscopy

The main method of diagnosis is considered to be gastroscopy or FGDS. Under this procedure, it is customary to understand the introduction of a flexible tube, at the end of which there is a small camcorder. With its help, it is possible to detect inflammatory foci, evaluate the damage to the mucous membranes and take a piece for analysis.

To put an accurate diagnosis, you need to carefully prepare. The main criteria is the observance of a strict diet, rejection of food 10-12 hours before manipulations, fully purified stomach.

FGS lasts no more than 5-10 minutes. To examine the body, the probe with a light bulb is neatly introduced into the digestive channel through the oral cavity. The tip of the device is lubricated with gel for better administration. So that the patient does not feel pain, the local painkiller is introduced. Deep breathing helps to avoid vomit urges.

Gastroscopy of the stomach without swallowing the probe is performed from those patients who have increased sensitivity or are afraid to undergo a survey. This can include a method through a nasal cavity or an introduction inside the digestive tract of the capsule.

Such methods have a number of restrictions in the form:

the exacerbations of myocardial infarction;
bloodstock violations in the brain;
severe mental disorders;
aortic aneurysms;
hemophilia.

It is also forbidden to diagnose with gastric bleeding.

Ultrasound diagnostics

How to check the stomach without gastroscopy? There are several types of procedures that can replace FGS. One of these analogues is an ultrasound study. This method of diagnosis allows you to evaluate the form, size and location of the organ, see the formation and liquid.

The main advantages include:

ease of tracking motor function;
conducting duplex scanning;
high speed procedure.

To all this, ultrasound can be carried out newborn, infants, pregnant women.

Rengenoscopy

The analogue of gastroscopy is also the use of X-ray with a contrasting agent. Before carrying out manipulations, the patient takes a barium solution. He gradually fills the abdominal organs. The decoding of the pictures is made in the form of the filling of the stomach, the contour of the organ, the uniformity of the distribution of the contrast liquid, the structure and motor activity of the stomach.

But doctors allocate a number of shortcomings in the form of the harmfulness of the device, insufficient informativeness. After the procedure there are constipation, discoloration of the chair. The device is prohibited pregnant. Conducted to children only in extreme cases.

Magnetic tomography

MRI stomach is an excellent replacement for FGDS. The procedure is carried out using tomograph. The patient is placed in a large closed or semi-closed capsule. It is recommended in cases where other techniques do not provide complete information.

The main testimony to MRI belongs:

suspicion of the oncology of the stomach;
poorly pronounced signs of illness;
the presence in the cavity of inflammatory processes that make it difficult to diagnose;
adjustment of treatment with tumor formations, withdrawals, hemorrhages;
suspections for metastases in the stomach during oncology.

You do not need to swallow the patient. But the duration of the procedure in this case increases from 10 to 30-40 minutes. Check the stomach is necessary after thorough preparation. Mandatory diet is observed, preparations from increased gas formation are accepted. Also you can not smoke, drink, and there is at least 6 hours.

There are a number of restrictions in the form of pregnancy and breastfeeding, people with metal objects inside the body, the presence of mental disorders, epilepsy and convulsive syndrome.

Gastropannel

This method refers to the fastest and efficient ways. Under the notion of "gastropannel", it is customary to understand the complex of safe tests, with which dyspeptic disorders, infection with bacteria, atrophic form of gastritis detects.

To all this, an assessment of the risks of the rebirth of the stomach diseases into cancer, ulcerative lesion, heavy atrophic forms with anemia, osteoporosis, pathological problems with heart, vessels and central nervous system.

The diagnosis is to study the venous blood of the patient with the help of a special program. The result is based on decoding and comparison with regulatory indicators.

PH-Metric Stomach

The acidity of the gastric juice can be determined gastritis. Diagnosis is carried out in several ways.

Express test. The patient is introduced a subtle probe, which is equipped with an electrode. Thus, it instantly determines the acidity.
Daily pH-metry. The study is carried out during the day. The patient is introduced a probe to the body through the nasal cavity and attached to the waist. A special device called an acidogastrometer records indicators. There are other ways: you can swallow a capsule in which there is a sensor, or make a fence material at gastroscopy.
Atcidotest. It is performed if the patient has contraindications to swallowing the probe. The technique is carried out using special preparations. Their active ingredients react with an acid of the stomach. Thereby changing the color of urine.
Check gastric content. The fence of the material is made during gastroscopy. Before this patient is feeding food, which leads to an increase in acidity.

Not only a disease in the form of gastritis is diagnosed, but also reasons for its development. If there is a lot of gastroy in juice, then, most likely, the disease is harvested by bacterial agents.

What kind of analysis is better to spend and where, only the doctor will say after a physical inspection.

The purpose of the surveys of the gastrointestinal tract is based on the symptomatology, which presents the patient, and in order to control and prevent the diagnosed chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal diseases. Indications for diagnostic procedures can be: predicaful and painful digestion (duspection), regular nausea, vomiting, heartburn, pain in the stomach, suspected oncopathology.

To date, the most accurate examination of the GCC is fibrogastroduodenoscopy. In the course of FGDS, the gastroenterologist has the ability to estimate in detail the condition of the gastric mucosa and the duodenum, and put the only correct diagnosis. The complexity of the survey lies in the inability of some patients to swallow a flexible hose equipped with a video camera.

Many ignore the procedure precisely because of uncomfortable sensations. Therefore, it will be useful to find out how to check the stomach without gastroscopy to diagnose the time and other pathology in a timely manner. In addition to vegetative prejudice to FGDS, there are a number of contraindications to its conduct: a violation of hemostasis (blood coagulation) in history, bronchial asthma, a vomiting hyperreflex.

In such cases, other stomach surveys are prescribed. Diagnosis of diseases and abnormalities in the work of the stomach is made in three main areas: a physical complex of activities, a laboratory study of the patient analyzes, examination by medical diagnostic equipment, alternative endoscopy.

Simple diagnosis

Simple diagnostic methods are mandatory to use a patient with complaints about acute abdomen, nausea and other symptoms of gastric diseases.

Physical examination

Physical events are held at the doctor's reception, the results depend on the qualifications of a medical specialist. The complex includes:

study of anamnesis, the assessment of symptoms with the words of the patient;
visual inspection of mucous membranes;
feeling painful body areas (palpation);
palpation in a specific body position (percussion).

According to the results obtained with such an inspection, the disease is extremely difficult to diagnose the disease. The doctor may suspect the presence of pathology, but it requires deeper research methods for its confirmation.

Microscopic laboratory diagnostics

Laboratory methods consist in a fence in a patient analyzes for further study and evaluation of results. Most often, the following physicochemical studies are appointed:

general urine analysis;
coprogram (feces analysis);
clinical blood test. The number of all types of blood cells (erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets) is calculated, the level of hemoglobin is determined;
gastropannel. This blood test is aimed at studying the state of the gastric mucosa. According to its results, it is established: the presence of antibodies to Helicobacter pylori bacteriums, the level of proteins of pepsinogen produced, the level of the polypeptide hormone - gastrin, with which the acidic medium in the stomach is adjusted;
blood biochemistry. Quantitative indicators of bilirubin, hepatic enzymes, cholesterol and other uniform elements are established.

Blood fence for clinical analysis is carried out from finger

Analyzes help to identify inflammatory processes and other violations of organs and systems. If the results differ significantly from the regulatory indicators, the patient is assigned to the instrumental or hardware examination.

Applying hardware techniques

The survey of the stomach without gastroscopy is carried out with the participation of special medical devices. They fix the condition of the mucous membrane, density, sizes, and other parameters of the body, and transmit information to be subsequent decoding by a specialist.

x-ray examination (using contrast);
CT and MRI (computer and magnetic resonance tomography);
EGG (electric masterography) and EGG (electric strooperography);
Ultrasound (ultrasound study).

With a gastric survey with a hardware method, all manipulations are made without direct intervention in the body, without damaging the external body tissue (non-invasive). Procedures do not cause painful sensations in the patient.

A significant disadvantage of the method includes low informativeness in the initial period of the disease, unsafe for health radiation by x-ray, side effects from the adoption of the barium solution.

X-ray contrast

The method is based on the use of X-rays. To improve the visualization of the stomach, before the examination, the patient drinks the barium solution. This substance plays the role of contrast, under the influence of which soft tissues acquire the ability to absorb X-ray rays. Barium darkens the organs of the digestive system in the picture, which makes it possible to detect possible pathologies.

X-ray helps in determining the following changes:

improper arrangement of organs (offset);
the state of the enumerations of the esophagus and the stomach (increase or narrowing);
non-compliance of the organs by regulatory sizes;
hypo- or hypertonus of the muscles of the organs;
niche in the defect of filling (most often, it is a symptom of ulcerative disease).

CT scan

In fact, it is the same x-ray, only modified with extended diagnostic capabilities. The survey is carried out after pre-filling the stomach with a liquid for a clearer review.

In addition, a contrast substance based on iodine is administered intravenously for the separation of blood vessels on the tomogram. CT, as a rule, is used in suspected tumor processes oncological etiology. The method allows you to learn not only the presence of a stomach cancer in the patient and its stage, but also the degree of involvement in the oncological process of related bodies.

The imperfection of the diagnosis consists in irradiation of the patient with X-ray rays, possible allergic reactions to the contrast, as well as the inability of the CT to a complete and detailed study of the digestive tract, since its hollow fabric is difficult to diagnose with CT. The procedure does not conduct women in the perinatal period.

MP tomography

The prerogative aspects of MRI are to use the magnetic wave safe for the patient, the ability to determine the initial staging of the stomach cancer. In addition, this diagnosis is prescribed in suspected of an ulcer, obstruction of the intestine and gastritis, to evaluate the adjacent lymphosystem, the detection of alien items in the gastrointestinal tract. The disadvantages include contraindications:

body weight 130+;
presence in the body of metal items of medical purposes (vascular clips, pacemaker, apparatus of orizarov, prostheses implant of the inner ear);
pretty high cost and inaccessibility for peripheral hospitals.

The examination of the gastrointestinal tract on magnetic resonance tomograph is more often carried out with contrast

EGG and EGG

Using these methods, the stomach and intestines are estimated during the period of peristaltic abbreviations. The special device reads the pulses of electric signals that come from organs when reducing their food digestion. As an independent study is practically not used. Apply only as auxiliary diagnostics. The disadvantages are a long time interval of the procedure (about three hours) and the inability of the electrical appliance to establish other gastrointestinal diseases.

Ultrasound

The diagnosis of the stomach ultrasound, most often, is carried out as part of a comprehensive examination of the abdominal organs. However, in contrast to the indicators of other organs (liver, pancreas, gallbladder, kidneys) to examine the stomach not completely. There is no full-fledged organ.

In this regard, the list of diagnosed diseases is limited:

an abnormal change in the size of the organ, swelling of the walls;
purulent inflammation and presence of liquid in the stomach;
limited accumulation of blood due to damage to the organ breaking of vessels (hematoma);
narrowing (stenosis) of the lumen;
tumor education;
pulling the walls (diverticulosis) of the esophagus;
intestinal obstruction.

Uz- study of the abdominal organs is desirable to conduct annually

The main disadvantage of all hardware diagnostic procedures is that a medical specialist examines only external changes in the stomach and related bodies. At the same time, it is impossible to determine the acidity of the stomach, make a fence of fabrics for further laboratory analysis (biopsy).

Supplement to hardware diagnostics

The additional method is the acidotest (reception of the combined medical drug to establish approximate rhine indicators of the gastric medium). The first dose of medication is taken after emptying the bladder. After 60 minutes, the patient gives the urine analysis and takes the second dose. After an hour and a half, urine fence is being held again.

Before testing, it is forbidden to eat food for eight hours. According to the analysis of urine, the presence of a dye in it. This makes it possible to approximately determine the acidity of the stomach without gastroscopy. Acidotest does not give 100% of performance, but only indirectly indicates a reduced (increased) acidity level.

Alternative endoscopy

The closest to FDS on informativeness is an endoscopy capsule. The survey is carried out without swallowing the probe, and at the same time reveals a number of pathologies inaccessible with hardware procedures:

chronic ulcerative and erosive lesions;
gastritis, gastroduodenitis, reflux;
neoplasms of any etiology;
helminthic invasions;
inflammatory processes in the small intestine (enteritis);
the reason for systematic disorder of digestion;
crohn's disease.

The diagnostic method is carried out by introducing a patient with a maizer video camera into the body. In the instrumental introduction there is no need. The weight of the micropré does not exceed six grams, the shell is made of polymer. This makes it easy to swallow the capsule by writing it with a sufficient amount of water. These camcorders are broadcast on the machine installed on the patient's waist, the testimony from which the doctor takes out after 8-10 hours. At the same time, the rhythm of the usual life of a person does not change.

Capsule for Endoscopic Stomach Research

The removal of the capsule occurs naturally by emptying the intestine. There are significant disadvantages of techniques: the lack of ability to conduct a biopsy, an extremely high cost of the survey. All methods for diagnosing gasts provide for preliminary training of the body. First of all, it concerns nutritional correction.

The diet must be facilitated a few days before the survey. Hardware procedures are possible only on an empty stomach. The stomach can be checked with any convenient and non-contraindicated patient method. However, the palm of championship on informativeness, and consequently, the maximum accuracy of the diagnosis remains for FGDS.

How to better check the stomach and intestines. Survey methods

Physical research

Lab tests

Tool techniques

Evaluation of secretion of gastric acid

Endoscopic techniques

Radi methods

The possibilities of modern gastroenterology

How to go through the full examination of the digestive organs?

Stages of a full survey of digestive organs

When you follow the stomach examination

Methods for diagnosing stomach pathologies

Tool methods for surveying stomach

Laboratory diagnostics of stomach pathologies

Physical research

Lab tests

Tool techniques

Evaluation of secretion of gastric acid

Endoscopic techniques

Radi methods

The possibilities of modern gastroenterology

Basic diagnostic methods

Physical research

Palpation

Percussion

Instrumental research methods

Fibrozophagogastroduodenoscopy

Colonoscopy

RectorOnososcopy.

Video Capset Endoscopy.

Radiological examinations

Radioscopy.

CRT or computed tomography

Ultrasound procedure

Magnetic resonance imaging

Methods for detecting bacteria Helicobacter Pilori

Other methods

Possible consequences

Diagnosis of diseases in Israel

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When is the intestinal survey?

Methods for checking the intestines

Gastric check techniques

Fisical methods

Laboratory techniques

Hardware techniques

Fibrogastroduodenoscopy

Ultrasound diagnostics

Rengenoscopy

Magnetic tomography

Gastropannel

PH-Metric Stomach

Simple diagnosis

Physical examination

Microscopic laboratory diagnostics

Applying hardware techniques

X-ray contrast

CT scan

MP tomography

EGG and EGG

Ultrasound

Supplement to hardware diagnostics

Alternative endoscopy