Erosive enteritis. Approaches in the treatment of enteritis

Enitrate is a disease that is characterized by an inflammatory process in a small intestine, in any one of its departments or in all places. Enitrate is most often detected in children, but may also meet in an adult.

This disease is good for treatment with most people, it is only important to diagnose enteritis in time and turn to the profile of a specialist so that he tells how to treat the ailment in a particular case.

Enteritis can be diagnosed as a separate pathology, but most often in adults it goes in addition to other diseases, and therefore distinguish:

• gastroenteritis - inflammation and stomach, and small intestines;
• gastroenterocolitis - in addition the thick intestine is inflamed (that is, the entire intestinal tract is affected);
• enterocolitis - only a thick and delicious intestine is affected by inflammation.

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Classification Enitita

According to the subtle intestinal department, subjected to inflammation:

• duodenitis (duodenum);
• hero (skinny intestine);
• ileit (iliac).

By the nature of the course, enteritis happens:

• acute - more often is celebrated in a child than an adult, characterized by rapid development and a bright clinical picture;
• chronic - mainly diagnose it in adults and is late enough due to chronic flow and erased symptoms, which makes it difficult for enteritis.

Due to the emergence of enteritis:

Depending on the type of enteritis, the course of the disease will be appointed from each groups to accelerate the recovery process, as well as to reduce the likelihood of re-inflammation of the intestine.

Causes of intestinal inflammation

Enteritis flowing in acute form may appear in a person for such reasons:

• entering the body of viruses or bacteria that are actively populated in the intestines;
• alcohol abuse;
• tobacocco interest addiction;
• poisoning to toxins and industrial poisons;
• operational intervention in the intestines;
• the effects of radiation radiation in large doses;
• use of oily and acute food in large quantities for a long time.

Chronic enteritis has the following causes of the occurrence:

• alcohol addiction;
• long-term treatment with drug drugs that adversely affect the intestinal microflora and its performance;
• non-compliance with diet and power mode, returning fast foods and preheated fast food;
• infection of intestines with worms or simplest;
• autoimmune diseases;
• intestinal injuries;
• prolonged effect of exceeded doses of radiation;
• insufficient development of enzymes in the body;
• intestinal dysbiosis;
• frequent constipation that lead to the feet of Cala. Especially those caused by the tumor of the small intestine and then the blockage occurs in this department and does not pass long, allowing Kala to accumulate and produce toxins.

For the treatment of enteritis, it is important to establish the cause of inflammation to stop the action of an annoying factor (otherwise all drugs will be useless), as well as direct all efforts to eliminate inflammation and normalization of impaired intestinal functions.

Symptomatics

Acute and chronic enteritis appear in different ways, which will not only allow the doctor to establish a view of the intestinal disease, but also correctly diagnosed in the shortest possible time.

In acute enteritis, the patient has such symptoms:

• acute stomach pains that are more often localized near the navel;
• strong chair disorder, expressed diarrhea (up to 10 times a day);
• gas formation and meteorism;
• strong malaise;
• headaches;
• dehydration, which manifests itself dry skin and mucous, white skin and thirst;
• due to dehydration, convulsions may appear;
• a sharp rise of temperature (with a viral infection can reach 39 degrees);
• weightness caused by a decrease or complete lack of appetite.

In chronic enteritis, the patient has other signs of illness:

• pulling pain in the center of the abdomen, which are strengthened, then subsided;
• after receiving food, diarrhea occurs, intolerable food remnants are found in the feces;
• reduced performance and increase fatigue;
• dysbacteriosis develops, which can affect other intestinal deposits;
• swimming and gas formation is constantly present in the patient;
• in the language, the white flare is visible, over time, the trends in the sides are manifested on it;
• loss and hair liability, nail stratification are caused by poor absorption of vitamins from the damaged intestines;
• slimming that can lead to dystrophy.

Complications

Simple enteritis can lead to not the most pleasant consequences for the human body, namely:

• inflammation is transmitted to neighboring intestinal departments, which disrupts the entire work of the gastrointestinal tract;
• the inflamed mucosa is sophisticated and is easily injured, which can lead to internal bleeding;
• intestinal perforation is also possible with enterite;
• dehydration with a long absence of treatment can also lead to death (with shigenesis patients die not from the disease itself, but from lack of water in tissues and organs);
• necrotization of a part of the intestines.

Diagnostics

For the diagnosis of enteritis and identify the inflamed sector of the intestine, the doctor will hold:

• palpation and abdominal abdominal;
• collection of anamnesis about the patient's life and its general state of health;
• probe examination of the intestine (capsular endoscopy possible);
• contrast radiological examination of the intestine;
• blood tests (general and biochemical) and feces (general and bacteriological);
• Ultrasound of the pancreas and liver, and the best of all the abdominal organs in order to check whether their disease has not affected.

Treatment

They treat acute and chronic enteritis about the same, only in the second case the course of treatment will be longer and expensive.

The main measures in the treatment of enteritis are:

• medication therapy;
• diet and therapy;
• folk remedies.

Medical therapy

Preparations help get rid of the cause of enteritis at certain cases, and also help restore the normal functioning of the intestine.

Diet with enteritee must be gentle, best use table number 4, Feed the patient is necessary 5 times a day by portions of 200-300 grams. Many products will have to abandon, and in return to them to start drinking diet foods:

The patient's nutrition must be balanced and contain the necessary vitamins and minerals, if such a mode is not possible, the vitamin complexes should be added to the diet.

Folk remedies

Folk remedies can be helped by the intestines in recovery, but before this should be advised to the doctor if they will harm the body.

Good with enterite, help:

• decoction of chamomile (one tablespoon before meal);
• plantain juice;
• a tincture of cones (pour them to boiling water and insist for a couple of minutes).

The treatment of enteritis is always successful when complying with all the recommendations of the doctor. People with chronic enteritis should be remembered that the prevention of the disease is the main thing in recovery and avoid relapse, and therefore should lead an active lifestyle and follow their diet and the regime of the day, and then no disease will arise.

Video

Permanent stomach disorders, pain in the epigastric region and in the bottom of the abdomen, deterioration of well-being can be caused by various inflammatory processes in the gastrointestinal tract. One of the most complex and common diseases of this kind is enteritis.

What is enteritis?

Enitrate is an inflammatory disease that affects the mucous membrane of one of the important departments of the digestive tract - the small intestine. It is found in both adults and children. It is believed that acute enteritis at least once in his life was every person.

The density of the intestine is the middle part of the gastrointestinal tract located between the stomach and the colon. The subtle intestine is divided into three main departments - duodenal, skinny and iliac. It occurs in it the final splitting of the dietary masses into individual components - amino acids, fatty acids, carbohydrates, minerals and vitamins, and the absorption of these substances into the blood.

Symptomatics of the disease includes signs of acute gastrointestinal disorder. Chronic enteritis in humans can lead to violations of intestinal functions. When inflammation of the mucous membrane of the small intestine deteriorates the intestinal motorcy, the process of food promotion on the gastrointestinal tract, suction of the useful substances into the blood.

Causes

What causes pathology? Enitrate is a disease that may arise from a variety of reasons. The most common situations responsible for the emergence of enteritis in adults:

• viral or bacterial infection;
• improper nutrition, overweight alcohol and narcotic substances;
• complication after taking medicines in the treatment of other diseases (for example, the use of ibuprofen under the duodenal ulcer);
• radiation therapy in cancer;
• the consequence of autoimyluine diseases, for example,.
• defeating the stomach as a result of stomach ulcers or.

Symptoms

Symptoms of inflammation of the small intestine include loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, pain in the abdomen, increase temperature. If the above signs of pathology are observed more than one or two days, the temperature reaches + 38 ° C, there is blood in fence, bleeding or mucous selection from the rectum is observed - in this case, you should immediately consult a doctor.

Varieties enteritis

Depending on the localization of the inflammatory process, enteritis is divided into duodenitis, hens and Ileit. In the first case, a duodenalist is affected, in the second - skinny, in the third - iliac. Also, depending on etiology, the infectious and non-infectious enteritis is distinguished. Depending on the nature of the flow and symptoms, enteritis can be sharp or chronic.

If enteritis is combined with severe stomach pathology - inflammation of the walls of the stomach or chronic gastritis, they talk about gastroenteritis. And if at the same time there is a process of inflammation of the large intestine - chronic colitis, then we are talking about chronic enterocolitis. Also, there are also cases when the disease is complicated by ulcerative colitis.

Person infectious enteritis

Food poisoning is the most common cause of infectious enteritis. Symptoms can begin to manifest a few hours or days after entering the body of infection. This often happens if the patient took the on the eve of the food or water, which were infected with bacteria. The latter fall into food, if it is processed poorly, it started to deteriate if the patient did not comply with the rules of hygiene or when cooking food was not carried out thermal processing of products properly. Unpasteurized milk, raw vegetables and fruits can also cause enteritis. In rare cases, it is possible to infect pathogenic bacteria if you enter into physical contact with other people or animals that are already becoming entering. True, it happens infrequently.

The danger of acute infectious enteritis

With this form of enteritis, the patient is at risk of dehydration due to vomiting, diarrhea and strong sweating. In this case, immediately consult a doctor. It is possible to determine the starting dehydration on the following signs: a strong thirst, dizziness in the standing position, dry lips and oral cavity, weakness, weak urination, urine dark, with a strong smell. Dehydration requires treatment. If you leave everything as it is, a patient can develop hypovolemic shock, the kidney, heart, liver will suffer as a result, and death can come.

Chronic form of illness

The inflammation of the intestine can be a consequence of the wrong nutrition (fatty, acute food and abundant use of alcohol), injuries in production (poisoning in industry toxic substances for humans), lesions with helminths, simplest. This form of enteritis can also occur as a result of a long-term drug intake without controlling a specialist or the passage of radiation therapy. For chronic shape, the weakly pronounced symptoms of enteritis are characterized - unaware pain, general weakness, various disorders of the gastrointestinal tract.

The consequences of chronic enteriti

In disruption of the work of the small intestine, there is a deterioration in the process of suction of the dietary masses into blood. This leads to the emergence of signs of Mal Absorption syndrome - avitaminosis, skin diseases, neuropathy, weight loss and body exhaustion. The composition of the intestinal microflora changes, there is a violation of the intestinal motility. This causes and dehydration. In the future, the development of the disease can lead to atrophy of the intestinal mucosa.

Diagnostics enteritis

In case of suspected inflammation of the intestinal wall and the appearance of characteristic symptoms of enteritis, the doctor can inspect the patient, take blood test and sowing the feces to determine which bacteria caused inflammation. Without these procedures, it is impossible to appoint the most effective method of treatment.

How to treat inflammation of the small intestine

The treatment of acute enteritis is carried out in the hospital or at home - it all depends on the etiology and severity of the disease. Easy cases pass in a couple of days and practically do not require medical intervention. It is only necessary to regularly replenish the lack of fluid. If there is a big loss of fluid, it may be necessary to receive drugs or even hospitalization and introduction of electrolyte infusion solutions through a dropper to fill all the necessary salts and elements. Sometimes it may take the reception of antibiotics, spasmolitics and binding drugs. For the restoration of intestinal flora, probiotics should be taken.

Treatment of chronic enteritis includes, in addition to medicines, also diet. With enteritis, adult patients can be appointed a course of polyvitamins, digestive enzymes. In many cases, the treatment in the sanatorium will be useful. If the disease is caused by radiation therapy, it is required to revise the treatment, and sometimes even stop it completely. In some cases, a surgical operation is needed to remove the injured part of the intestine.

If the treatment of enteritis in adults is right, then the disease passes in a few days. In more severe cases, recovery can take from two to three weeks. If the patient passes radiation therapy, recovery takes from 6 to 18 months.

Diet

This is one of the key items for the treatment of enteritis. A diet is appointed by a doctor, taking into account the peculiarities of the patient's disease. If we are talking about chronic or sharp forms of enteritis, the first five days are especially important. At this time, the surface of the small intestine is especially sensitive to stimuli. The diet recommended for enteritis to adult patients must comply with the following requirements for the number of main nutritional components:

• carbohydrates not more than 250 g;
• proteins no more than 100 g;
• fats no more than 70

Salt is limited to 8-9 g per day. The total calorie of the diet is no more than 1970 kcal a day, which is optimal for the patient. Preference should be given to dishes prepared on a pair or boiled, and then missed through a blender. Products in this form are easily absorbed by the body and do not irritate the small intestine.

If after five days of the diet, the patient's condition is improved, then the diet can be a little diversified. Now the consumption of carbohydrates per day increases to 400-450 g, and fats and proteins - 100 g. The total caloric content grows up to 2800 - 3000 kcal. In addition to cooking and cooking a couple of products now you can bake.

As a rule, with a diet, it is usually recommended to use the following products: white bread crackers, soups-puree on a low fatty meat broth, soups of sour consistency, meatballs, porridge on water or low-fat broth, meat, bird or fish cooked for a pair. You can eat boiled eggs (no more than two per day), berry or fruit jelly (not acidic), drinking kisins. It is recommended to abundant drinking savory tea or cocoa on the water.

The patient should be avoided dairy products, ready-made sauces, snacks, snacks, raw vegetables, fruits and berries, alcohol, sharp, oily or fried dishes.

In the chronic form of the disease, the situation is to some extent simpler, since the patient does not need to grind everything in a blender to a puree-shaped life. You can use products such as non-fat doctoral sausage, vegetable salads (with a limitation of no more than 200 g of tomatoes per day), berries and fruits. It is worth noting that entering new products in the diet should be carefully tracking the body's reaction on them.

How to prevent the disease with infectious inflammation of the intestines

The key point is a thorough compliance with personal hygiene rules. Wash hands with soap before and after eating, cooking, visits to the toilet. Traveling is recommended to use napkins for hands (antibacterial, alcohol). Do not use inside crude water from wells, rivers, streams. Water should always be boiled, even if it is from the crane.

Special attention requires the cooking process. For cooking it is necessary to use only clean dishes, often wash work surfaces in the kitchen. Prepare meat, bird, fish until full readiness; To verify whether the temperature is reached within the dish of the desired level, you can use the kitchen thermometer. When cooking pork, beef, lambs should be at least + 63 ° C, minced meat - + 71 ° C, and poultry meat - + 74 ° C.

It should also be paid to thorough attention to the storage of products. Not eaten until the end of the dish should be immediately put in the refrigerator. The temperature in the main chamber of the refrigerator must be no higher than + 4 ° C of degrees, and in the freezer - -17 ° C. Meat should be stored separately from vegetables.

Enitrate is a group of inflammatory diseases of the small intestine.

Chronic enteritis - Disease of the small intestine, characterized by a violation of its functions (digestion and suction) against the background of dystrophic and regenerative (regenerative) changes that end in the development of inflammation, atrophy and sclerosis of the mucous membrane of the small intestine.

Acute enteritis - Infectious diseases that are more often developing as a result of food poisoning and manifest themselves with clinically gastroenteritis with phenomena of general intoxication, fever, pronounced diarrhea. Assentuals of acute gastroenteritis: Salmonella, Tifforatophosic group, Vibrion cholera.

Chronic enteritis is a multi-arrival disease.

The disease can be outcome:

Acute inflammatory process

It is primary chronic.

Pericious factor is considered - Iracinia, Helicobacteria, protein, blue, rotaviruses, simplest and helminty. An alimentary factors are equally important in the development of chronic enteritis: overeating, eating dryness, preferential use of carbohydrates, spice abuse, food allergies. Also contribute to the development of enteritis some drugs - salicylates, indomethacin, corticosteroids, immunosetacin, cytostatics, antibiotics during their long-term use.

Often enteritis accompanies diffuse diseases of the connective tissue, tuberculosis, chronic pancreatitis, cirrhosis, chronic renal failure. The functional and structural changes in the mucous membrane of the small intestine contribute to congenital and acquired metabolic diseases, disorders of the digestive glands and immunological homeostasis, changes in the intestines of intestinal motorcycles, microcirculigore circulation disorders.

Large importance in the development mechanism of enteritis has changes in the intestines against the background of a decrease in local and common. Changes in immune status - decrease in the content of secretory immunoglobulin A, increasing the level of IgE, reducing the reaction of blasttransformation of lymphocytes, the inhibition of the migration of leukocytes lead to the colonization of the small intestine of the conditionally pathogenic microflora (escherichia, enterococci, staphylococcus), reducing the indicators of normal anaerobic flora (intestinal microbes living in oxygen-free conditions).

The bacterial sequeling of the small intestine enhances the intestinal secretion of epithelocytes (epithelium cells), which leads to an increase in intestinal permeability and ultimately - to water-electrolyte disorders. Under the influence of the microbial flora, enterogeapatic bile circulation is broken. Under the influence of violations of the exchange of fat-soluble vitamins, the content of microelements in the blood is reduced.

Prolonged dysbacteriosis contributes to sensitization (increase sensitivity) to microbial nutritional antigens, causes immunological inflammation of the mucous membrane. Increased permeability of the mucous barrier is accompanied by resorption (absorption) of non-split protein macromolecules, which acquire the properties of allergens, they cause the separation of biologically active substances (histamine, serotonin, prostaglandins), changing the function of enterocytes, and inhibition of splitting carbohydrates (lactase, then malalhasna and sahaceneous) activity.

In dystrophic changes in epithelialocytes (epithelium cells), the synthesis of enzymes and sorption (sedimentation) are reduced on epithelial membranes, which causes disruption of both membrane and stripping digestion, which becomes the basis of Mal Absorption syndrome. Violations of lipid (fats) are developing, associated with a decrease in fat absorption, loss of it with feces, changes in the intestinal phase of enterogenic circulation of bile.

Violation of bile sharing leads to a violation of lipid metabolism, the structure and functions of cell membranes change, the synthesis of steroids (hormones) and the functions of the endocrine glands are disturbed. Morphologically chronic enteritis is manifested by inflammatory and disperserate changes in the mucous membrane of the small intestine, atrophy and sclerosis.

Symptoms

Phases enteritis are exacerbation and improvement.

Complications: Salted (inflammation of solar nervous plexus), nonspecific mesadenite (inflammation of interchess lymph nodes). The clinic consists of general and local manifestations. Local enteral syndrome is associated with violation of the processes of an on-line (membrane) digestion and a strip digestion (Maldigesty).

The common enteral syndrome is associated with Malabsorption, leading to the disorder of all types of exchange. Under the local enteral (thin) syndrome, patients complain about meteorism, pain in the middle of the abdomen, mainly in the field of navel, the bloating in the form of a cap, a loud rumbling, diarrhea, constipation or alternation.

When feeling, soreness in the mesogastria is detected, on the left and above the navel (positive Symptom of Porgyz), the noise of the splash in the blind intestine (symptom of exemplary). Cal has a clay species, characterized by polyfexalia (increased qualance). Pathological changes (blood, rose) are absent in the feces. Intestinal manifestations occur more often in the afternoon at the height of the intestinal phase of the digestion. Often on the background of a feeling of sampling in the stomach appear attacks of heartbeat, pain in the heart area, headaches.

The common enteral syndrome is manifested by impaired metabolism, primarily protein, which is accompanied by loss of body weight. Changes in carbohydrate exchange are less pronounced (bloating, rumbling in the abdomen, strengthening diarrhea against the backdrop of dairy products). Changes in lipid metabolism are associated with violation of the exchange of fat-soluble.

Specific signs of calcium failure: a positive symptom of muscle roller, convulsions, periodic bone fractures, osteoporosis; Powder face, lips, glossitis, increased excitability ,. Disorders of the water and electrolyte balance are clinically manifested by general weakness, hypodynamines, muscle hypotension, nausea, vomiting, changes in the central nervous system.

Intestinal symptoms prevail with a light form of chronic enteritis. The combination of local and general metabolic disorders with a medium-mode, and in severely form dominant exchange disorders with often irreversible changes in the functions of the internal organs.

The symptoms of polyhydavitaminosis are concluded in the bleeding of gums, nasal bleeding, bruises (shortage of vitamin C); accompanied by the pallor of the skin, inflammation of the tongue, irritability, poor twilight vision, dry skin and mucous membranes - the deficiency of vitamins A, D, E, K, drowsiness, loss of appetite, dermatitis, disorder of passage - the shortage of vitamins of group V.

With severe forms of chronic enteritis, there are symptoms of endocrine dysfunction, hypocortortimi (decrease in the function of the adrenal cortex - arterial hypotension - low blood pressure, skin pigmentation).

With violations of metabolic processes, nonspecific jet hepatitis is developing - a sense of gravity in the right hypochondrium, there are impairment of pigment exchange, a moderate increase in liver.

DIAGNOSTICS

Conduct a common blood test. It detects micro - and macrocytic anemia. An increase in ESP, in severe cases - lymph and eosinopenia.

In a coprological study, the steatore is detected mainly due to fatty acids and soil (intestinal type of steatheree), the daily mass of feces increases significantly - more than 500-1000

Bacteriological examination of the feces reveals dysbacteriosis to varying degrees. In chronic enteritis, the small intestine is settled by microorganisms from distal intestinal departments, the character of microflora in it resembles such in a colon, in severe cases, bacteremia develops with subsequent infection of bile and urinary tract.

In chronic enteritis, it is necessary to examine on HIV infection. In biochemical analysis of blood: hypoproteinemia, hypoalbuminemia, hypocalcemia, a decrease in magnesium level, reducing potassium and sodium levels. Transaminase activity may increase, hyperbilirubinemia appears, cholesterol, phospholipid levels decrease.

Functional methods of research make it possible to estimate the degree of enteral failure: changes in the absorption of carbohydrates in dough with in xylose. Sample with load lactase reveals a "flat" curve.

Specifies the motor function of the small intestine, relief mucosa - x-ray examination. With a light form of the disease, dystonic and dyskinetic changes are observed in the form of a deceleration or acceleration of the passage of the susceptible barium sulfate along the small intestine, the relief of the mucous membrane retains its filament structure; With a moderate form, in addition to violation of the motility, there are changes in the relief of the mucous membrane in the form of uneven thickening, deformation and smoothness of folds.

For the severe form of chronic enteritis, the cluster of fluid and gas in the small intestine is characterized. Osteoporosis is detected. Gastroduodenoscopy discovers signs of atrophic and duodenitis, with inter-eyed-eyed - dystrophic, dispersegenerator and atrophic changes in the mucous membrane, its inflammatory infiltration.

Endoscopy allows differentiated chronic enteritis with other diseases of the small intestine, clarify the prevalence, the severity of the process.

In chronic enteritis, the differential diagnosis is carried out with gluten enteropathy, Crohn's disease, uptple disease, intestinal amyloidosis, diverticular disease, lymphoma, small intestinal tumors. For all listed states are clinical symptoms of digestive disorders, suction and dysbacteriosis.

The final diagnosis is confirmed by the morphological study of the mucous membrane of the small intestine. The basis of diagnostics is instrumental and specific diagnostic tests.

In the treatment, funds acting on etological factors, pathogenetic mechanisms, as well as local and general symptoms of the disease are important. In the treatment of chronic enteritis, the main integrated approach.

The diet is the basis of treatment. It helps to reduce increased osmotic pressure in the intestine, reduces secretion, normalizes the passage of intestinal content. During the exacerbation period, Table No. 4 and 4a is prescribed; After 4-5 days, the patient is translated on a full, rich protected and balanced food and carbohydrate food, exclude products containing rude plant tissue (raw vegetables, fruits, rye bread, nuts).

Dough dough, canned food, spices, sharp dishes, whole milk, beer, kvass, carbonated and alcoholic beverages, limit salt. Also, during the period of exacerbation, soups from the mucous heaps of cereals on a weak meat broth, rubbed or well-strained porridges from rice, oatmeal, pearl, buckwheat cereal on water with the addition of a small amount of butter, boiled vegetables, low-fat varieties of meat, fish, egg eggs, Steam omelets, cheese, low-fat cottage cheese, pross, dried white bread, fruit jelly, mousses, kislets, compotes, baked apples, blueberry juices, black currant, quince, pears, grazing, marmalade, marshmallow, nexot jam. Meals must be fractional, up to 5-6 times a day. Table number 46 is prescribed for 4-6 weeks until the normalization of the chair. This diet can be observed for a long time.

During the remission, some vegetables and fruits add to the diet, up to 100-200 g per day. You can also use lettuce leaves, mature tomatoes without leather, soft pears, sweet apples, oranges, tangerines, raspberries, strawberries. Food should be boiled or cooked for a couple.

Taking into account the data analysis data on dysbacteriosis, etiotropic treatment is carried out.

With dysbacteriosis 2-4 degrees, antibacterial action preparations are recommended: metronidazole (0.5 g 3 times a day), clindamycin (0.5 g 4 times a day), cephalexin (0.5 g 2 times a day), Biseptol (0.48 g 2 times a day), sulgin (1 g 3-4 times a day), furazolidone (0.1 g 4 times a day). Antibacterial therapy lasts 8-10 days. The detection of pathogenic fungi requires the appointment of Nistatan to 5,000 cells 3-4 times a day for 10-14 days. If Campillobacteria is released when crops, erythromycin, gentamicin, tetracycline, Claritro Micin are prescribed.

Already after the use of antibacterial drugs, eubiotics are prescribed - bifidumbacterin or bificcol at 5 doses 3 times a day 30 minutes before meals, bacterine or lactobacterin 3 doses 3 times a day before meals, hilak-forte 40 drops 3 times a day Food, which is dissolved in a small amount of liquid. Bacteria treatment for long-term - 3 courses for 3 months during the year.

In staphylococcal dysbacteriosis, anti-staphyl-flipping bacteriophage is prescribed 20 ml 3 times a day for 15-20 days, with protein dysbacteriosis - a cell-protein bacteriophage inside 20 ml 3 times a day, a course of treatment for 2-3 weeks. Imodium (Loperamide) is prescribed as anti-diabetes symptomatic tools for 1 capsule 2-3 times a day before meals for 3-5 days.

At the same time, they use chasters and infusions of alder cones, oak bark, pomegranate peel, rooting heming, pyzhma flowers, hunter, sorrel, plantain, ardor, sage, altea root, black currant leaves, cherry fruits and blueberries.

To improve the digestive process, it is recommended to use enzymes: Pancreatin, Panzinors Forte, Festal, Digestal, Pancurren, Mezim Forte, Tripferment, whose doses are selected individually (from 1 tablet 3 times a day to 3-4 tablets 4 times a day) and which are prescribed Immediately before or during meals for 2-3 months, perhaps a longer time.

Choleretics are prescribed for the normalization of heavy digestion: Libil, Allhol, Holenzim, Berin in generally accepted dosages. The use of salt laxatives in chronic enteritis is contraindicated. With a pronounced meteorism, winder means are prescribed: infusions and chamomile flowers, mint leaves, valerian leaves, dill seeds, parsley, cumin, rhizoma of Aira, the herbs of the soul men, the goldenabre.

With simultaneous lesion of the fine and colon, microclides with the protargol, the Shestakovsky balm, fish oil, antipyrin, chamomile and eucalyptus bumps are prescribed. To the transduodenal and rectal washingings of the intestine, it is convenient to avoid gaining pain in the stomach and diarrhea.

Within 4-5 weeks, vitamin therapy is carried out; The steamer shows the parenteral administration of vitamin B12 in combination with fat-soluble vitamins. With pronounced protein failure, amino acids are prescribed, protein preparations, along with a protein diet, anabolic hormones and fatty mixtures. The purpose of steroids is shown only with significant protein deficiency, adrenal insufficiency. They are also prescribed with allergic manifestations.

The correction of water-electrolyte disorders by intravenous administration of saline solutions is required. In case of iron deficiency anemia, iron preparations are prescribed, but you need to remember the development of dyspepsia and liquid stool. Iron preparations take for a long time - 3-6 months. With eosinophilic allergic enteritis against the background of intestinal helminths, antihistamines are used in food and drug allergies.

In chronic enteritis, mineral water should be prescribed in the absence of diarrhea. We recommend weak water: "Slavyanskaya", "Smirnovskaya", "Essentuki", "Izhevsk", "Narzan" in warm form, without gas, no more than 1/4 cup on reception. The reception time of mineral water depends on the secretory function of the stomach: under reduced secretion for 15-20 minutes, with normal - in 40-45 minutes, with elevated - 1.5 hours before meals.

An unfavorable signs are continuously recurring the course of the disease, sharp significant weight loss, anemia, endocrine disorders syndrome, HIV infection. In most cases, the forecast for life and working capacity is favorable.

Enitrate is an inflammatory disease of thin in which dystrophic changes in the mucous membrane occur and the processes of suction and digestion of food are disturbed.

Enteritis - what is it? Types of enteritis

Chronic enteritis is classified on etiology, morphology, clinical and functional symptoms.

In the anatomy-morphological changes, enteritis are isolated without serious disorders of the mucous membrane, as well as with a moderate or subtotal degree of atrophy of epithelial cells and intestinal villings.

The clinically disease is manifested by a light, medium or severe form. With the occurrence of remission and the phases of exacerbation. Since enteritis is a disease of inflammatory nature, it is necessary to begin treatment at the first signs of pathology to preserve the intestinal health.

Functional disorders are characterized by specific symptomatics - impaired nutritional suction in the intestines, changes in food hydrolysis, enteral failure and exudative enteropathy.

Causes of disease development

The reasons that served as disorders in the small intestine may be several:

The lack of proper treatment in chronic enteritis will contribute to dystrophic changes and inflammation in other departments of the digestive system (pancreas, bustling bubble, stomach).

Clinical picture of enteritis

External manifestations of the disease include any absorption and absorption disorders. These include:

• sharp and rapid weight loss (a person loses up to 20 kg);
• the appearance of insomnia, strong irritability;
• reduction of labor activity;
• skin problems (thinning, dryness, peeling), hair loss, thickening of the nail plate and fragility;
• tachycardia;
• muscular pain, weakness, paresis and cramps.

Due to the violation of the absorption of vitamins, the development of concomitant diseases - hemoralopias, neuropathy, myopathy, hemelitis, glossite, subcutaneous hemorrhages is possible.

Intraishy symptoms enteritis

Entitis in humans is characterized by manifestation of abdominal pain in the navel area, with palpation pain intensifies. It appears syndrome 2-3 hours after meals. The pain may have a different character (stupid, sawing, grabs).

This is due to the impaired absorption of bile acids in the distal division of the small intestine. As a result, the acid is entered into the colon and provoke a violation of the processes of suction and digestion (diarrhea appears, the bloating, meteorism, the rumbling in the abdomen). It is these signs that enter the entitis.

What it is? In disruption of the work of the ileocecal valve (separates the thin and thick deposits of the intestine) it is possible to hit the hummus into the small intestine, which is why it is immacing with harmful microorganisms.

Diagnosis of the disease

The primary diagnosis is made on the basis of a survey and a general examination of a patient who includes palpation and percussion (closing the abdominal wall). The next step is to hold a coprogram. In a macroscopic study, smell, consistency and color, and in microscopic - the presence of fats, muscle fibers or starch in analysis are determined.

To reveal infectious microorganisms and dysbacteriosis in the intestine, it is necessary to carry out enteritis. What it is? In chronic enteritis in biochemical analysis of blood, it is possible to detect signs of insufficiency of nutrient suction in the small intestine (Malabsorption syndrome).

Conducting a small intestine causes a lot of difficulties, as it is possible to examine only a small part of it. During endoscopy, the biopultic of the mucous membrane is taken, which is necessary for histological analysis. It is most often noted atrophy and dystrophy of epithelial cells and a bowel veins.

Allows you to identify tumors, ulcers, changes in the structure of folds of the small intestine. Before studying, a contrast agent is introduced into the body, which allows to identify enteritis. What it is, you will tell you a doctor. For differentiation of the disease, a comprehensive examination is required using modern diagnostic methods.

Symptoms of the disease has a lot in common with clinical manifestations of other tractures of the gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, the differential diagnosis of enteritis with gastritis, pancreas problems and tumors is necessary.

Any disease of the small intestine requires a thorough examination, since many similar symptoms entails the formulation of the incorrect diagnosis and the appointment of ineffective, in some cases even hazardous treatment that can aggravate the state of the small intestine.

Treatment of acute enteritis

Acute enteritis requires treatment in a hospital. Patients prescribe a diet, abundant drink. It is possible to appoint hydration therapy. Treatment is aimed at the overall strengthening of the body and a decrease in the manifestation of unpleasant symptoms of the disease.

If enteritis is accompanied by a severe form of dysbacteriosis, we need to receive drug-based drugs, the action of which is aimed at eliminating diarrhea due to receiving binder. If there has been a violation of protein metabolism, it is necessary to introduce polypeptide solutions to the body.

On average, the duration of treatment is 7-10 days. During this time, sharp symptoms of the disease are stopped, and health promotion occurs. Enteritis, the treatment of which lasts less, is not cured to the end and provokes repeated manifestations of unpleasant and painful symptoms.

If the disease has a toxic or infectious nature, the patient is necessarily hospitalized.

Treatment of chronic enteriti

In chronic enteritis, treatment is practically no different. The same diet is needed and bedding. In violation of the production of digestive enzymes, they are prescribed in the form of enzyme preparations ("festal", "pancreatin"). Reception of medicines that provide absorption and restoration of cellular membranes of the intestinal epithelial cells are also required.

Enteritis, the treatment of which is carried out in accordance with the appointments of the doctor, quickly stops disturbing. However, the chronic form is characterized by frequent phases of exacerbations and remission.

The accompanying dysbacteriosis must be treated with the help of eubiotics and probiotics that restore the useful intestinal microflora. If the symptoms of enteritis arises against the background of the appearance of neoplasms in the small intestine (diverticulus, polyps), then first of all their surgical removal needs, and only after that you can stop the manifestations of the disease.

Diet with enterite

In the entitle is prescribed diet No. 4. It includes low-fat meat or fish that can be booked, bake or fry. It is necessary to prepare soups on meat, fish, vegetable or mushroom broths. Vegetables are recommended to cut finely, in some cases, even the cereals should be wiped through the sieve.

From dairy products, preference is given to Kefir and Prostokvash. Such beverages allow you to quickly restore the intestines, improve its work and inhabit useful microorganisms.

Vegetable products are better to use after thermal processing. Vegetables need to boil, bake or fry, and from fruits you can cook compote, jelly or wipe with sugar. Very useful tea with lemon, risks of rosehip, berries and bran.

Enginee prevention

Any disease is easier to prevent than treat. For events that prevent the intestinal enteritis can be attributed:

• balanced diet;
• consumption of only high-quality and fresh products;
• the absence of toxic substances in food (can not be used berries and mushrooms of unknown origin);
• compliance with personal hygiene rules;
• careful food processing;
• reception of drugs according to the prescriptions of doctors;
• timely visits to medical institutions to identify gastrointestinal diseases, as well as disorders of endocrine and metabolic processes in the body.

In compliance with all preventive measures, it is possible to prevent the development of digestive diseases and disorders, and a healthy lifestyle will allow maintaining their health at the highest level.

Enteritis at Puppy

In dogs, the disease manifested relatively recently, but its progression provokes high mortality among puppies. An infection that affects the intestines of animals is not dangerous for a person, but quickly develops in the body of young dogs and causes serious structural and functional disorders.

The enteritis in the puppy is manifested by lethargy, increasing the temperature, and when stroking the sides or pressure on the stomach area, the dog will bentifying the back and press the tail, which indicates the painful syndrome. With such symptoms, it is necessary to refer to the veterinarian to accurately form a diagnosis and treatment of treatment.

Enitrate is an acute inflammatory lesion of the small intestine, which leads to direct disorders of its functionality and dystrophic disorders in the gastric mucosa. In more severe cases, the dystrophy of the entire gastrointestinal tract can develop. Deal may strike as an adult and a child. Chronic enteritis is most often diagnosed.

Etiology

Acute enteritis can be formed due to such reasons:

• diseases of viral origin;
• incorrect meals - overeating fat, acute, alcohol abuse;
• poisoning of poisonous products;
• poisoning toxic substances;
• infectious disease of the gastrointestinal disease.

In addition, acute enteritis, as well as chronic enteritis, can develop against the background of such diseases:

• acute;
• radiation sickness;
• autoimmune processes.

Alcohol abuse and constant consumption of coarse food (semi-finished products, fast food, fatty and sharp) almost always leads to the problems of the gastrointestinal tract, including chronic enteritis.

General symptomatics

The symptoms of enteritis are pronounced. However, many at the initial stage of development of the disease are confused by food poisoning and do not turn to the doctor in a timely manner.

Symptoms of enteritis are observed:

• liquid stool (up to 10-15 times a day);
• increased temperature;
• headache, weakness;
• white ride in the language;
• ritch in the intestines.

In case of chronic enteritis, the symptomatics is even more pronounced:

• pain in the lower abdomen;
• flatulence;
• weakness, exhausting;
• abundant raid in the language.

In some cases, there may be a sharp and tremor limbs. Therefore, with such symptoms, you should immediately consult a doctor. Especially if symptoms are observed in children. The child of younger school age is most susceptible to the development of such ailment, since the body has not yet developed the desired protective reaction.

Types of disease

In medicine distinguish such types of enteritis:

• parvovirus enteritis;
• coronavirus;
• granulomatous;
• rotavirus enteritis.

It is worth noting that not all of the above forms are dangerous for human life. Parvovirus enteritis is dangerous for pets - cats and dogs. As a rule, he is very rarely transmitted to man.

Coronavirus enteritis is observed only at domestic pets and no threat to human life. Just as in the case of parvivirus enteritis, treatment should be started immediately.

Rotavirus subtype

Rotavirus enteritis is an infectious disease of the small intestine. As a rule, the diseases of this type is diagnosed in children, very rare in the elderly people. Most often, the disease is diagnosed by the child up to 3 years.

Symptomatics With this type of type, the disease fully corresponds to the general clinical picture described above. The infectious pathogen can be transmitted in three ways:

• through household appliances, food;
• from a sick person to healthy;
• through water (rivers, lakes, public pools).

In most cases, children who have risen rotavirus enteritis are produced by immunity.

The incubation period is usually lasting from 15 hours to 2 days. The most acute clinical picture is observed in the first hours of development. Children may have severe intoxication, and even loss of consciousness for a few minutes. The child needs immediate medical care, as the process of dehydration can begin, due to frequent, liquid stool.

Treatment of rotavirus enteritis in children complex - diet and pathogenetic therapy. At the initial stage of development of the disease, the infection is good to be treated and no complications cause. But in order to designate a correct, efficient course of treatment, a survey should be conducted and find out the reason for the development of pathology.

It is worth paying special attention that a significant improvement in well-being in rotavirus enteritis is observed after 5-6 days of treatment. But quarantine should be extended at least 2 weeks.

Granulomatous subtype

Granulomatous enteritis is characterized by pets and cattle. In humans, this form of the disease is referred to as. The clinical picture almost fully complies with chronic enteritis. However, children under 5 years old, at the initial stage of development, the disease can almost not manifest themselves. It is especially difficult to diagnose the disease in newborns.

The reasons for illness may be the following:

• genetic predisposition;
• improper nutrition;
• infectious diseases of the gastrointestinal diseases.

Children may have extraordinary symptoms:

• tremor limbs.

If any signs of enteritis are noticed in both adults and in children, you should immediately consult a doctor. Self-medication can only be aggravated by the situation and lead to serious complications.

Diagnostics

As a rule, a thorough inspection and anamnesis of the disease is sufficient for the primary diagnosis. In addition, laboratory tests are appointed:

• coprogram;
• absorption test;

Only after this gastroenterologist can assign correct treatment of enteritis.

Since the initial signs of enteritis are similar to food poisoning, the patient does not appeal to the doctor in a timely manner, which significantly aggravates the state of affairs - the sharp stage of the disease can go into chronic enteritis.

Treatment

If the patient is diagnosed with enteritis both in acute and chronic form, treatment is carried out only in the hospital. In addition to medication treatment, a hard diet and bedding is required.

Since during the progression of the disease there is a significant disadvantage of enzymes, special drugs are prescribed to restore the work of the tract:

• pancreatin;
• festal;
• pancitrath.

Please note that the dosage of drugs, the mode of their reception is prescribed only the attending physician. Self-altitude drugs are unacceptable.

Diet

In addition to medication, the patient must comply with a strict diet and bedding. Diet with enteritee eliminates the reception of such food:

• acute, salty;
• alcohol;
• sweet;
• semi-finished products;
• milk;
• food prepared on fat broth;
• smoked.

Instead, the entitle diet involves the inclusion in the daily diet of such products:

• porridge on water;
• fermented milk products (milk is excluded);
• strong, not sweet tea;
• abundant drink.

If you treat enteritis correctly, with the admission of all prescribed drugs and observance of the diet mode, then the acute symptoms disappear already on 4-5 days. Complete recovery occurs after 1.5-2 weeks of stay in the hospital.

To engage in self-medication, even folk remedies, is unacceptable. It is necessary to treat our parables only after the exact formulation of the diagnosis, and only in the hospital. Absorbent preparations and a strict diet almost always give a positive result.

Prevention

Prevention of this ailment is quite simple. To do this, follow several uncomplicated rules:

• balanced diet;
• compliance with all hygienic standards;
• careful treatment of all products.

If the infection fell into the body, it is necessary to immediately turn to the gastroenterologist, find out the causes of the development of pathology and begin the right treatment.

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