Exudative pleuriming causes and treatment. Exudative pleurisy (paying pleurisy, hydrotorax)

Exudative or paying pleurisy is the pathology of the respiratory system, in which a large amount of liquid (exudate) accumulates, the symptoms of the conservative and surgical (puncture and drainage) accumulate in the pleural cavity. Normally, the space between the two sheets of the pleura contains only a few milliliters of the liquid, which provides a gliding of the pleura. The liquid is produced and absorbed at a certain speed, but under the influence of pathologies, the production of exudate increases, and its removal of the pleural cavity is slowed down.

In the overwhelming majority of cases, the paying pleurisy is not an independent disease, but a symptom of another pathology. But occasionally diagnosed and primary pleurisy.

Classification of exudative pleurrites

You can classify effusion on various features:

1. According to etiology of the disease: infectious, aseptic.
2. By the flow of the pathological process: acute, subacute, chronic.
3. The amount of effusion: serous, hemorrhagic, serous-fibrinous, eosinophilic, purulent, rotten, cholesterol, chilly, mixed.
4. On the localization of effusion: free, skewed (limited by the battles between the pleura sheets).

At the same time, accumulated forms can be divided depending on where exactly the localization of the accumulation of the exudate is located: the top, the onset, diaphragmal, costephragmal, paramediastinal, interdepal.

Also pleurisy can hit the pleura of both light (bilateral) or only one (right-hand, left-sided).

Development mechanism

Normally, there is no more than 10 ml of fluid between the sheets of the pleura, but during its flow, it can reach 4 liters, and even exceed this indicator.

This is due to the following pathological processes:

• an increase in the permeability of vascular walls;
• increased intravascular pressure;
• reducing the barrier function of visceral pleura;
• reducing the absorption effusion of the function of the parietal pleura.

As a result, the fluid in the pleural cavity accumulates, and its elimination through capillaries and lymphatic vessels does not occur. Filling the pleural cavity with liquid leads to squeezing of the lungs (or one lung, if pleurite is unilateral) and violation of the respiratory process.

Causes

Etiology of exudative pleurrites may be different. More often, the cause of the syndrome is to get into the pleural cavity of infectious agents (bacteria, viruses, fungi). Tuberculosis (up to 80% of all cases), pneumonia, lung abscess can be performed as the cause of infectious pleurite.

Aseptic pleurisy develops against the background of various diseases, both the lungs and other organism systems, among which are allergic reactions and autoimmune systemic diseases. There is a category of post-traumatic payments of pleurisites, as well as pneumothorax on the background of oncological tumors.

Infectious reasons

Infectious exudative pleurisy complicates inflammatory processes:

• pneumonia - microbial inflammation of the respiratory fabric of the lungs;
• abscess - the focus of the impudent of the lung;
• gangrene - infectious destruction of the lung;
• tuberculous lesion of lungs.

The cause of infectious exudative pleurite is the penetration of pathogens of the main disease in the pleural cavity. Microbes fall there from the focus of the decay or inflammation, located close to the outer sheath of the organ. Also, the infection can travel on lymphatic capillaries and blood vessels.

The reason for the exudative pleurite of tuberculosis etiology is an avalanche-like rise in the sensitivity of the body of the patient for a tuberculosis stick (sensitization). The result of sensitization is the rapid accumulation of reactive effusion when even single microbes in the plevraru. Tuberculous exudative pleutrites affects predominantly adult patients.

The accumulation of traffic in the thoracic cavity by non-inflammatory or unknown reasons is called the term "hydrotorax" or non-infectious (aseptic) paying pleuritis.

Noncommunicable reasons

• breast injury with hemorrhage in the cavity of the pleura;
• infarction of lungs due to blockage of the light artery by a thrombus - blood clot;
• malignant tumors of pleura and lungs (carcinomatosis, mesothelioma, cancer);
• chronic blood circulation failure;
• chronic renal failure;
• autoimmune diseases of the connective tissue (rheumatism, collagenosis);
• malignant blood tumors;
• liver cirrhosis provokes right-sided exudative pleurisy;
• inflammation of the pancreas causes reactive left-sided paying pleurisy.

Symptoms of exudative pleurita

The clinical picture of the disease depends on the degree of gravity, such as exudate, the number of accumulated traffic.

Among the symptoms, how more common can be allocated:

• shortness of breath;
• pain in the chest;
• the inability to take a deep breath;
• cough;
• general weakness, decline in appetite;
• periodically rising temperature.

With purulent effusion, the disease occurs heavier, with fever and symptoms of intoxication. The clinical picture affects the fact that the light is affected: left-sided pleural effusion provokes symptoms from the heart muscle, for example, arrhythmia, an increase in cardiac rhythm to 120 beats per minute.

Phases of development of the disease

Pathology progresses for three stages:

• the accumulation of exudate in the pleural cavity;
• status stabilization, when the amount of reach does not increase and does not decrease;
• suscess exudate.

Each stage can last up to 3 weeks.

Radiographic signs

The x-ray symptom of exudative pleurite is the massive shading of the light field in the lower departments. In contrast to the pneumonic dimming, the X-ray shadow of pleural effusion has an oblivious border.

Diagnostics

The diagnosis begins with the examination of the patient, the collection of anamnesis. Among the characteristic features, it is possible to note the pallor of the skin, superficial breathing, the desire to lie on one side in a specific posture if the pleurisy is unilateral. With the act of breathing, the affected part of the chest is lagging behind, when percussion (clutch), the sound is dull, while listening to the light stethoscope, bursts are heard.

After that, the patient is sent to functional and laboratory diagnostics:

• x-rays of light;
• thoraccentsis - a fence of a part of the pleural effusion for research;
• Ultrasound of the pleural cavity;
• CT lungs;
• thoracoscopy - endoscopic study of the pleural cavity through the punch of the chest;
• biochemical and general blood test.

The most accurate and therefore mandatory research methods are x-ray and thoraccentsis.

Treatment of exudative pleurrites

Treatment of exudative pleurite is carried out in accordance with the main disease, it usually includes the evacuation of traffic and eliminate the cause of pathology with the help of medication.

Infectious processes complicated by pleural effusion are treated with antibiotics.

With a significant accumulation of fluid in the chest cavity, it is removed through a puncture in the chest wall (and pleural cavity). The resulting effusion is sent to the laboratory. The results of the analyzes help to find out the cause of pleurite and choose the necessary treatment.

A modern method for the diagnosis and treatment of exudative pleuritis - video photocoscopy. Endoscopic apparatus is introduced into the pleural cavity through a small puncture in the chest wall. The surgeon inspects the breast cavity from the inside, takes the samples of traffic and pieces of pleura for analysis, performs therapeutic measures.

Pleural puncture

Pleural puncture is a method for removing exudate from pleural cavity with a puncture. When the extra liquid is excreted, light straightens, and the person instantly feels relief. The procedure is carried out under local anesthesia, payments are removed slowly, and the resulting liquid is sent to the laboratory for the study.

Through the needle, after drainage of the pleural cavity, it is possible to enter the pleural cavity drugs: antiseptics, antibiotics, hormonal and antitumor agents, depending on the diagnosis.

Medical therapy

Medicines are assigned depending on the diagnosis:

• with tuberculosis - tuberculostatic agents;
• at pneumonia - antibiotics;
• under oncology - cytostatics;
• in autoimmune pathologies, allergies - glucocorticoids, etc.

Means for symptomatic treatment can also be assigned, to quickly facilitate the health of the patient: antitussive drugs, analgesics, antispasmodics, diuretics.

Physiotherapy

Physiotherapy helps speed up the recovery process, therefore, it is used together with drug treatment and drainage of the pleural cavity. An accomplishment of chest massage, electrophoresis, paraffin therapy, respiratory gymnastics.

Physical examination, like other methods of therapy, appoints the attending physician.

Prevention

The prevention of exudative pleurite is a set of recommendations on a healthy lifestyle and timely appeal to the doctor:

• to give up smoking;
• climatotherapy by sea air;
• hardening the body;
• proper treatment of any infections, refusal of self-treatment;
• regular fluorography (1 time per year).

With an already transferred disease, a radiograph should be made 6 months after recovery.

- This is a disease of the respiratory system, which is characterized by the defeat of the pleura of infectious, tumor or other nature.

The damage to the pleural cavity is accompanied by the accumulation of excessive exudate (effusion), which leads to a feeling of gravity in a patient, a reflex cough, an increasing breath and an increase in body temperature.

The main treatment of pleurite of the exudative form is to remove the accumulated fluid from the pleural cavity, as well as in the conduct of pathogenetic and symptomatic therapy.

Depending on the etiology of the disease, the exudative pleurisy is divided into two types: infectious and non-infectious.

Most infectious exudative pleurisites arise as a result of complication of pathologies of light, nearby organs and tissues, as well as severe systemic ailments.

The infectious form of pleuritis appears on the background of the following processes in the lungs:

• lung abscess;

As the cause of the disease in this case, infectious stimuli is in favor of the diseases listed in the pleural cavity.

In addition, microorganisms from the focus of inflammation can circulate on the lymphatic and blood system.

In the case of tuberculosis etiology, an increased reactivity of the body is observed to the effects of tuberculous sticks, as a result of which the liquid begins to accumulate even when penetrating the small amount of pathogens.

This type of exudative pleurite is found mainly in adult patients.

The causes of aseptic (noncommunicable) payroll of pleurite:

• Injury, breast wound, resulting in hemorrhage in the pleural area;

• Mild heart attack due to pulmonary artery thromboembolism;

• Malignant neoplasms in Plegre and lungs;

• Systemic diseases of connective tissue (rheumatoid arthritis, collagenosis);

• Renal failure;

• Diseases of blood and lymphatic systems;

• Liver cirrhosis (provoking right-sided pleurisy);

• Inflammatory process in the pancreas.

Often, exudative pleurisy has a one-sided form, the exception is metastatic processes, systemic red lupus and lymphoma, on the basis of which two-sided pleural exudate can develop.

Symptomatics of the disease

Symptoms of exudative pleuritis depend on the volume, nature and intensity of the liquid accumulation:

Chest pain
At an early stage, when the liquid only begins to accumulate, the patient is tormented by growing pain in the chest. With the development of the disease, the pleura sheet is beginning to be separated from each other, which reduces the excitation of intercostal nerve fibers and facilitates pain.

The pain syndrome is replaced by other symptoms: a feeling of gravity in the affected side of the chest, a reflex cough and a shortness of breath, which forces the patient to take a position on the sore side.

Cough and Dyshie
These symptoms depend on the volume of accumulated traffic, violation of the ventilation of the patient of lung due to the pressure and displacement of the anestum organs. The cough at the initial stage has a dry character, with the progression of the disease becomes wet.

Symptoms of respiratory failure
Characterized by pale or blue skin seats, the appearance of cyanosis and acrocyanosis. If the fluid accumulated not only in the pleural region, but also in the mediastinum, there are edema on the neck and face, swelling of the veins, as well as a change in voice.

Other signs

Tachycardia, decrease in blood pressure.

Breast bulge in the field of accumulated exudate.

Auxiliary symptoms: febrile temperature, sweating, drowsiness.

Fever, chills, signs of intoxication, headaches, decline in appetite.

The listed symptoms may occur with the infectious form of the payment of pleurite.

Empiama pleura. It develops with the suppuration of the accumulated exudate.

The inspection of the chest, as a rule, determines the surface frequent breathing, the asymmetry of the chest, the lag of the patient side in the process of respiratory movements.

Palpation gives patient painful sensations, weakened voice sounds are noted on the affected half of the chest.

There are three phases of the course of the disease:

• Exudation lasts up to three weeks, during this time up to 10 liters of exudate can accumulate.

• Stabilization, with the onset of which the formation of traffic stops, but the process of its suction has not yet occurs.

• Resorption, which is characterized by exudate resorption. In most weak patients, this stage lasts up to two or three weeks.

Diagnosis of disease

Before appointing the treatment of paying pleuris, the doctor conducts a comprehensive diagnosis that establishes the causes of the disease and determines the main pathology.

Perkness lung
Determines stupid sounds over traffic. The topographic percussion notes the offset of the lower edge of the lungs, as well as the reduction of respiratory mobility.

Auscultation
At an early stage, there is a place with a weak vesicular breathing, as well as noise arising from the friction of the leaflets of the pleura.

Maybe determines the main pathology, which has become focused by the complex diagnosis of the disease, which will refline friction to be established by leukocytosis, neutrophilosis, leukocyte shear and formulas to the left, as well as increased ESP.

Account analysis from pleura
The serous fluid is characteristic of the pleurite of the tuberculosis shape, the purulent exudate is formed under the lung gangrene with the hit in the pleural space.

A serous-purulent liquid and the fibrin protein content is characteristic of the rheumatic and tuberculosis nature of pleuritis. Microscopic examination reveals the presence of leukocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes and eosinophils.

Radiography
Removes the dimming and shift of the organs system of the mediastinum into a healthy side.

Therapy is aless

The main treatment of exudative pleurisites is to evacuate fluid from pleural space, as well as in the impact on the main pathology, which provoked consequences.

Most often, pleural exudate is observed on the right, but a heavier development option is possible - exudative pleurisy of the two-sided form.

With an excess amount of traffic, puncture or drainage of the pleural cavity is performed, allowing evacuating the liquid, tool down the deformed light, reduce the shortness of breath, lower the body temperature, etc.

Surgical elimination of fluid is carried out if the following symptoms are observed:

• A large amount of pleural fluid, giving up to 2 ribs;

• Exudate presses on the surrounding authorities;

• There is a risk of swelling.

Taking into account the cause of pleuritis, drug treatment is appointed:

• Tuberculostatic preparations (with tuberculous form of exudative pleuritis);

• Antibacterial agents (with pneumatic pleurisites);

• Cytostatic agents (with tumors and methelasa);

• Glucocorticoid preparations (with red lupus and rheumatoid arthritis)

• Diuretic treatment during pleurite caused by cirrhosis of the liver (as a rule, the lung is affected by the right).

Regardless of the etiology of the disease, analgesics are prescribed, anti-inflammatory, antitussive, dessensity.

At the stage, when deposit is absorbed, auxiliary treatment is added to the main therapy:

• Galotherapy (oxygen therapy);

• Transfusion of plasma-substituting compositions;

• Treatment based on the massage of the chest, vibration massage;

• Physiotherapeutic treatment, for example, compresses based on paraffin applications (in the absence of contraindications);

Complications against the background of empya are treated with the introduction into the pleural cavity of antiseptic drugs and antibiotics.

The chronic expansion of exudate is eliminated by operational intervention by means of thoracotomy, pleurectomy, under which the lung decortication is carried out.

Exquidative pleurisy, provoked by malignant neoplasms, provides for treatment based on chemotherapy, chemical Plegroda.

The prevention of exudative pleurite is aimed, first of all, on timely diagnosis and proper treatment of pathologies, causing the formation of exudate in the pleural cavity.

Purrites - Inflammation of the sheets of pleura. It may proceed in dry (fibrin loss) or exudative (liquid payments) form, is a severe pathology requiring medical intervention. Treatment of pleurite by folk remedies is possible only in comprehensive therapy after the prior consultation of the doctor.

Methods of traditional medicine

To methods of treating pleurite, popular recipes include the following types of therapeutic effects:

• Phytotherapy - champs and infusions based on medicinal plants that contribute to the suppression of infection, facilitate dry cough, stimulating its own protective forces.
• Inhalation - facilitate cough, dilute wet with a combined lesion of the respiratory system.
• Compresses and rubbing - heating the patient site, they take blood from the inflammation zone, which contributes to its liquidation.

The effectiveness of people's techniques is questioned by representatives of traditional medical science. At the same time, the latter refer to the absence of the necessary evidence of the effectiveness of the applicable methods. Despite this, the recipes described below are used over several centuries, speeding up recovery and facilitating the symptoms of the disease.

Decorations and infancy

In therapy, such phytotherapeutic preparations can be used as:

• The infusion of field chest: a spoon of dried leaves (not needed) is poured 500 ml of water with a temperature of 90-95 ° C, after which they are covered and allowed for 3 hours. The means is filtered and taken by 200-300 ml 4 times a day.
• Honey and radish: The product of beekeeping is mixed with radish juice in a 1: 1 ratio, adjust to a homogeneous consistency on fire and take 1 tablespoon three times a day.
• Herbal fee: Used mint, licorice, drying. Components are taken equal to the quantity, they are mixed and boiled for 15 minutes. The amount of water should be 9-10 parts per 1 part of the drug raw materials. After preparation, the tool is cooled, filtered and taken 150 ml 3-4 times a day.

The action of medicinal plants is based on the content of flavonoids, saponins, phytoncides and other biologically active substances in them, each of which has a number of effects. Components included in the described means allow you to achieve anti-inflammatory, secretolithic, antimicrobial action.

Note: Preparation of infusions can be accelerated. To do this, the mixture is heated in a water bath, continuously stirring. Readiness time is 15 minutes. Next, you should cool the remedy for 45 minutes.

Compresses and rubbing

Compresses and rubbing make it possible to achieve a warming and distracting effect.

Compresses

Putting compress is made according to certain rules. The place of action during pleuritic is the front surface of the chest. As an active substance, it is possible to use warm water, cottage cheese, honey. In the prepared solution, cotton fabric or gauze napkin are wetted, and then lay it and laid on the chest.

On top of the applied applicator lay a layer of polyethylene film or compress paper. The second layer must perform on all sides over the first at least 2 centimeters. The resulting design is fixed with a warm scarf or covered with a blanket. The period necessary to achieve the therapeutic effect is 2-3 hours. The purpose of the compression is to maintain your own heat and stimulation of immune reactions on the affected area.

Rubbing

In contrast to the above-described method of trituration, another goal is pursued. They allow to achieve blood outflow from the place of inflammation, reduce swelling, remove the symptoms of the disease. The following recipes can be brought as a work tool:

• Luca, oil and wax emulsion: 2 small bulbs kneads, mixed with a half glass of vegetable oil, add a teaspoon of honey. The mixture put on fire and warm up to obtain a homogeneous light brown mass. After cooling and filtering the drug is ready to apply.
• Mixture of essential oils: prepared on the basis of the Caster. Its volume is 50 ml. It adds 10 drops of anise and eucalyptus oil, as well as oil from Sage. The tool is thoroughly mixed.
• Bay leaf: The specified raw material in the volume of 30 grams is crushed, mixed with 50 grams of butter (base) and 10 drops of sage oil. After that, the mixture is a bit heated (on a water bath) for the uniform distribution of components.

The resulting funds are used before bedtime. The drug is applied to the front and side surfaces of the chest, slightly rubs into the skin. After that, the patient is recommended to cover with a blanket and sleep. In hyperthermia and skin diseases on the chest of rubbing are contraindicated.

Inhalation

The need for inhalations with uncomplicated pleurite is practically absent, since the hearth disease is not located in bronchi. However, the disease is often complicated by the addition of bronchial infection, which requires appropriate treatment. As solutions can be used:

• alkaline mineral water;
• reduce wild chamomile;
• essential oils;
• onion or garlic.

Inhalation of liquid media is produced using a nebulizer. In its absence, it is possible to use the old method that was used by the ancient healers. To do this, put the container with the decoction above the burner with a small flame. The patient should breathe pairs emanating from the drug. Essential oils and onions can be used in a cold way. For this, the substrate is applied to the napkin or wrapped in it, after which a person breathes by evaporation.

Note: Hot inhalations using open fire should be made carefully. At the same time there is a high risk of fire or burn the respiratory tract of hot steam.

People's therapy of individual forms of illness

There are several varieties of pleuritis, for each of which have their own characteristics of treatment.

Treatment of exudative pleurrites

• infusion of viburnum berries (2 tbsp. spoons on a glass of water);
• decoction of the leaves of the elderberry of the Siberian (1 tbsp. Spoon on a glass of water);
• infusion of burdock root (1 tsp for a glass of water).

Reception of diuret decoction should be carried out under the control of the water balance (the amount of dedicated and consumed liquid). Water loss should be a little more than its consumption.

Treatment of dry pleurita

For the treatment of dry pleurite, any folk recipes with anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effect are suitable. Taking into account the fact that the form of the disease in question is more often the secondary, the treatment of the main pathology should be treated.

Treatment of purulent pleuritis

The purulent pleurisite is not amenable to folk therapy, leads to the development of respiratory failure, is a life-degrading state. Treatment surgical: drainage of the pleural cavity, thoracotomy with the removal of the affected area. As an auxiliary method, antibacterial herbs can be theoretically, antibacterial herbs can theoretically. However, taking into account the massive drug therapy and the absence of accurate information on the interaction of drugs with the components of herbal decoctions from such treatment is safer to refuse.

Treatment of accused pleurita

Caught pleurite is a kind of exudative. Therefore, the objectives and methods of treatment do not differ from those with a cluster in a pleural cavity of free effusion. Support is often the result of a tumor or tuberculosis lesion. In the treatment of herbs, their possible interaction with etiotropic drugs should be taken into account.

Treatment of pleurite with various means

The following folk remedies can be used in the treatment of pleuritis:

• Barsing fat - contains a large amount of vitamins and organic acids. It has a bactericidal and immunostimulating effect. Used to impose compresses and rubbing.
• Honey - the composition of bee honey includes carbohydrates, vitamins, carbohythms, biologically active organic components. When used in the form of compresses, it has a distracting and warming effect, when used inward, stimulates immunity, contributes to the saturation of the organism by natural anti-inflammatory compounds.
• Radish is made in the form of aquatic infusions and decoctions. The main action in the pleurisy is the saturation of the body with vitamins and stimulation of their own protective mechanisms.
• Onions - source of phytoncides - natural antimicrobial means. Used for cold inhalations, is part of a plurality of anti-inflammatory recipes, including those used as rubbing.
• Horseradish - contains a large number of antiseptic and anti-inflammatory components. In addition, vitamin C sources are used in the form of decoctions, contraindicated with inflammatory tract pathology.

Almost all described substances have certain contraindications. In the treatment of them, the state of its own health and the presence of reactions of hypersensitivity to one or another components should be taken into account.

Conclusion

As mentioned above, pleurite is a severe inflammatory disease. Therefore, it is impossible to treat it only by folk remedies. The latter contain the amount of medicinal substances, insufficient to fully suppress infection. People's healing is an excellent auxiliary method of therapy. However, the main treatment should relate to traditional medicine.

Pathology of the lungs are common in our time. The random data, according to statistical data, attack each third inhabitant of the planet. One of the often diagnosing diseases is pleurite. This disease is characterized by the development in the serous shell covering the cavity of the lungs, the inflammatory process.

Purrites in rare cases arises as an independent disease, often alerts is a complication of lung diseases and other inflammatory processes in the body. Purrites - very dangerous ailment, requiring immediate treatment. Ignoring manifestations, as well as the absence of therapy is fraught with the development of complications. Treatment of pleurite by folk remedies will be an excellent addition to the traditional appointed physician therapy.

No person is insured against the occurrence of the disease - neither an adult or child. The reasons for the development of pleuritis in people of old age, children and adults are different, but medicine shares them into two large groups. The disease may be infectious and noncommunicable.

With regard to non-infectious pleuritis, its occurrence may be provoked:

• pathologies of the connective tissue of the lungs;
• lung infarction (eliminating the body of the organ);
• metastasis;
• renal failure;
• blood coagulation disorders;
• frequent supercooling;
• overwork;
• chest injuries;
• intolerance to medical preparations;
• complications after surgical intervention.

There are dry pleurisy, exudative and empi (cluster in the cavity of the pleural of purulent content). The most dangerous and unpleasant is an exudative pleurisy, accompanied by seeping the inflammatory fluid in the pleural cavity under the strong effect of toxic substances, microbes and enzymes.

Symptomatics aless

The disease is accompanied by severe symptoms. Each of the forms has its own manifestations. Dry pleurisy is characterized by:

• painful sensations in the affected half of the chest when turning, sneezing or tilt;
• increasing temperature up to 38 degrees;
• strong sweating at night;
• havigation and rapid fatigue.

With regard to exudative pleuritis, it is characterized by:

• heavy shortness of breath;
• the sinusiness of the dermis;
• cough;
• headaches;
• surability when swallowing.

With regard to empy, this type of illness is accompanied by: an increase in temperature to 39 degrees, chills, a form of skin cover, strong breath and muscle pain.

Folk remedies will help in the treatment of the disease

Along with the methods of traditional medicine, they have proven themselves in the treatment of the pathological process of the compositions of medicinal plants. However, each person who collided with pleuritis should be understood that the main method of therapy is the use of medication prescribed by the attending physician. Only a qualified specialist may choose tactics, a scheme and course of treatment, as well as medicines. It is not necessary to engage in self-medication or abandon reception of drugs in favor of folk remedies.

Medicines from natural components are certainly effective. But the result will succeed only in the case of the use of plants as an auxiliary method of therapy. Moreover, it is important to strictly observe the proportions and dosages specified in the recipes. Before applying a specific drug, consult with the attending physician relative to its feasibility.

In the piggy bank of the traditional medicine there are many means for outdoor and internal use that contribute to the cure of pathology. The most popular and effective attributes the following medicines.

1. Onions in the fight against ailment. Take one bulb, clean it from the husks, rinse and grind. Press the juice and mix it in equal ratios with natural honey. Use drugs across the tablespoon, twice a day - after dining and evening meals.

2. Application of healing collection. Mix in an equal proportion of anise seeds with chopped rozing of licorice and altea, grass of sage and pine kidneys. Fall off the raw material in a glass liter bottle, after which they fill it only that the boiling water. Remove a tightly closed container into heat for two hours. Profillete and use drugs on a tablespoon five times a day. The duration of the therapeutic course is one and a half weeks.

3. Treatment of pleurisitis with mercolytic fees. Mix in the same ratio rhizome licorice with mother-and-stepmother, mint, linden flowers and rhizome nine. Flore 20 grams of raw materials in two hundred milliliters of boiled water. Leave the composition for a couple of hours. After profiling the tool, divide the entire volume into three equal portions and consume during the day - after each meal.

4. The field of field will help get rid of the illness. Brew 20 grams of crushed dried plants in half liters of boiling water. Remove the container in a warm place for four hours. Use a quarter of a cup of filtered drink four times a day. The duration of the medical course is one and a half weeks.

5. IVA bark against pathology. This agent has pronounced antimicrobial and bactericidal properties. Grind a dry bark, after which the cast 50 grams of raw materials in 300 ml of boiled water. Cancel the remedy for six hours. Profile and take on the following scheme: in the first day - 30 ml three times a day, on the second - 40 ml, on the third - 50 ml. The maximum dosage is 70 ml of medication. Course duration - week.

6. Collection that promotes the normalization of respiratory functions. Connect the spoon of dried calendula flowers with the cherry, immortal, pyrzym and currants sheets - the same amount. Bill 20 grams of mixture in two hundred milliliters boiling water. Insist for two hours. Eat 50 ml of drink three times a day.

7. Ancient reliable recipe - honey with radish against pleurrites. Connect in equal proportions. Fresh radish juice with natural honey. Take 10 ml of drug three times a day.

8. Remedy for rubry. Mix the batching fat, in the amount of 300 grams with the same number of finely chopped sheets of scarlet and honey - glass. Protomate the composition in a weakly preheated oven for a quarter of an hour. Enjoy the tool and use to rub the chest and back.

9. Oils in the fight against the inflammatory process. Mix camphor oil - 30 ml with three milliliters of lavender oil and eucalyptus. Throw the tool into the chest twice a day.

Application of massage and respiratory gymnastics

Along with the reception of drugs and devices of alternative medicine, good effect can be achieved by applying breathing gymnastics and massage.

Such events will contribute:

• rapid resorption of infiltrates and removing the accumulated fluid;
• activation of blood and lymphosnants of the lungs;
• stimulation of chest mobility;
• increase the protective properties of the body.

The sequence of massage at home is as follows.

1. First you need to warm up the paravertebral sections.
2. Next, you need to proceed in the rubbing of the widest muscles of the back.
3. The next stage is a warm-up and stroking of under-and-inspection sites.
4. The last stage is a massage in the field and chest and aperture.

After massage, experts advise easy breathing gymnastics. Effective exercise - inflation balls. At first, the process will be made difficult, perhaps even the appearance of painful sensations. Over time, the gymnastics will be performed everything is easier and easier.

Common massage course - 15 procedures, lasting in twenty minutes. You can do it at least everyday, at least every other day.

Proper nutrition - the key to excellent well-being

Full and rational food during pleurisy plays an important role in comprehensive therapy. Eating is advised by small portions at least five times a day. Food should be vitamined and high-calorie.

The main purpose of efficient nutrition in this ailment is to eliminate inflammation in the lungs, as well as minimizing the volume of exudate in the pleural cavity.

First of all, it is recommended to reduce the use of salts and carbohydrates, negatively affecting the work of the lungs. It is important to minimize the volume of the fluid consumed. People suffering from this disease, you can drink no more than 600 ml of fluid per day. The maximum calorieness of used yokes is 2500 thousand kcal.

The diet must be enriching the following products and dishes:

• boiled eggs;
• creamy oil;
• rosehip;
• fermented milk products: sour cream, kefir, cottage cheese;
• sea \u200b\u200bfish;
• cheese;
• walnuts;
• milk porridge (oatmeal, rice, buckwheat);
• boiled or cooked for a couple of beef and pork;
• wheat bread;
• fresh salads and vegetables (radishes, parsley, potatoes, carrots, onions, cabbage, carrots);
• fruit (grapes, apples, cherries, apricots, currant, bananas);
• vegetable soups and borschy.

The diet, together with the reception of medicines and funds from natural components, as well as the use of massage and respiratory gymnastics, will contribute to the speedy recovery, an increase in the protective properties of the body, the normalization of state and well-being.

Prediction and prevention

Ignoring the manifestations of the ailment, as well as the absence of treatment, is fraught with the thickening of the sheets of pleura, vascular and respiratory failure, the formation of adhesions in the lung cavity. Proper and appropriate treatment contributes to the rapid elimination of unpleasant symptoms and improved well-being.

In order to prevent the development of pleuritis, it is recommended to avoid hyposheeks and overwork, abandon the detrimental habits, on time and to the end to treat related pathologies, strengthen the immune system.

Exudative pleurisy is a disease of the respiratory system, which is characterized by the defeat of the pleura of infectious, tumor or other nature. Most often, this ailment acts as a secondary factor of any pathological changes. It is manifested by one-sided pain in the chest, which, as the liquid accumulates, is replaced by a feeling of gravity and pressure.

What is exudative pleurisy?

Puritis exudative is a pathology at which the inflammation of a pleural leaf of the lungs with the accumulation of fluid in the rib-diaphragmal sine arises. About 80% of cases of hydrotorax occur on patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. Every year, pathology is diagnosed in 1 million people.

In its etiology, exudative pleurisy looks like dry pleurisy, it is characterized by the fact that it often gets its development in pancreatitis, cirrhosis, or liver tumors, subiaphragmal processes, and also accompanies some systemic diseases.

Exudate is a liquid released into a pleural cavity of capillaries when inflammation.

The liquid in the pleural cavity can accumulate diffuse or limitedly. In the case of limited accumulation of effusion, a squeezed pleurisy (nadiaphragmal, paractelatal, paramediable) arising from the adhesive process in Plegre is formed.

• Code on the ICD-10: J.90.

Exudative pleurisites in their etiology are divided into infectious and aseptic. Taking into account the nature of the exudation, pleurisites can be serous, serous-fibrinous, hemorrhagic, eosinophilic, cholesterol, chilestone (chylotorax), purulent (empty pleura), rented, mixed.

Taking into account the location of localization, maybe:

• diffuse;
• left-sided;
• accomplished;
• right-hand;
• excudative pleurisy.

Based on the degree of flow, there are:

• tray;
• acute;
• chronic forms.

In many cases, the disease is localized on the right, but more severe forms of flow are also likely - pleurisy of left-sided and bilateral type.

Causes

The infectious form of exudative pleuritis appears on the background of the following processes in the lungs:

• lung abscess;
• gangrene;
• tuberculosis.

As the cause of the disease in this case, infectious stimuli is in favor of the diseases listed in the pleural cavity.

Aseptic type, as a rule, accompanies all sorts of pulmonary and extrapathic pathological processes, burdening the development of such diseases as:

• post-infarction autoallergic pericarditis;
• dressler syndrome;
• hypersensive interstitial pneumonite;
• various allergic reactions.

At the same time, approximately 75 percent of cases of paying pleurite are diagnosed in patients suffering from tuberculosis.

Symptoms

The signs and symptoms of exudative pleuritis depend on the volume, nature and intensity of the liquid accumulation.

The main symptoms are:

• patients complain of pronounced shortness of breath and discomfort in the chest during breathing,
• supported cough with hardwood wets
• general weakness
• loss of appetite,
• short-term body temperature increase to high digits.

The severity of manifestations of the disease depends on the speed of accumulation of traffic, volume, severity of the current inflammation. With intensive accumulation of the liquid, pain appears.

As the exudate accumulates, the leaves are wetted, which reduces the severity of pain syndrome. When attempting for pressure on intercostal intervals above the location of the inflammatory focus, an acute pain occurs due to irritation of nervous receptors.

The general condition of the patient is severe, especially with the purulent form of an exudative pleurite, which is accompanied by:

• high temperatures;
• symptoms intoxication;
• chills.

There are three phases of the course of the disease:

Left-sided exudative pleurisy leads to acceleration of heart rhythm, arrhythmia can develop. The lack of air becomes the reason for the noticeable swelling of the veins in the neck area. The pulse is studied and reaches a hundred twenty blows per minute.

More often, exudative pleurisy is one-sided character, but with metastatic tumor processes, SLE, lymphoma, double-sided pleural effusion can be determined. The volume of fluid in the pleural cavity with an exudative pleurisite can reach 2-4 or more liters.

In the majority of patients after resorption exudate, especially if it was significant, spikes remain (mooring). In some cases, the spikes are so numerous and massive, which cause impaired ventilation of the lungs.

After transferred exudative pleuritis, patients can feel pain in the chest, increasing with weather changes, change of meteo conditions. This is especially expressed in the development of adhesions.

Diagnosis of the disease

Informative diagnostic techniques:

• physical. Under its conduct, the doctors note the lag of the affected side of the chest at the act of breathing, its weakening, the dullness of the percussion sound at percussion, the noise of the splash with auscultation;
• x-ray examination (methodology for diagnosing hydrotorax of any etiology, including tuberculosis). In the lower parts of the lungs there is a significant dimming;
• Ultrasound of the pleural cavity;
• thoracocentsis. This procedure takes place all patients with suspicion of exudative pleurisy. During her, doctors receive some part of the effusion, which is then used for cytological, bacteriological and biochemical research;
• thoracoscopy;
• computer tomography lungs;
• blood chemistry.

Exudative pleurisites caused by non-specific diseases of the lungs, even with the protracted flow, as a rule, have a favorable outcome.

Treatment of exudative pleurrites

The main principles of the treatment of exudative pleurisites are the evacuation of the pleural cavity of the accumulated fluid and the impact on the main pathological process, which caused the reaction of the pleura.

Taking into account the cause of pleuritis, drug treatment is appointed:

1. Tuberculostatic preparations (with tuberculous form of exudative pleuritis);
2. Antibacterial agents (with pneumatic pleurisites);
3. Cytostatic agents (with tumors and metastases);
4. Glucocorticoid preparations (with red lupus and)
5. Diuretic treatment during pleurite caused by cirrhosis of the liver (as a rule, the lung is affected by the right).

Regardless of the etiology of the disease, analgesics are prescribed, anti-inflammatory, antitussive, dessensity.

To increase the effectiveness of treatment after pleural puncture, physioproads are recommended:

• Massage of the chest;
• Vibration massage;
• Parafinotherapy;
• Electrophoresis;
• Breathing exercises.

The chronic form of empya is removed by surgical intervention carried out in the process of thoracotomy or lung decortication. One of the most important medical and diagnostic measures is pleural puncture.

1. The patient sits on a chair with his back to the doctor, and the doctor after preliminary anesthesia makes the puncture of a special needle with a beveled cut in the sixth intercole on the blade line.
2. When the needle hit the pleural cavity, exudate begins to stand out.
3. The liquid is removed slowly and small volumes in order to prevent a sharp displacement of the mediastinum and the occurrence of acute heart failure.
4. Drainage of the pleural cavity and washing it with antiseptics, and the ability to introduce antibiotics intraphalically.

With the comprehensive approach to restoring the state of health in the disease, it will be possible to exclude the development of complications and the negative effects of the lungs. The history of the disease in this case will be the most positive.

After 4-6 months After the end of the treatment of pleurite, a control radiograph is made. To avoid exudative pleuritis in the future, it is necessary to in a timely manner to treat all the diseases of the respiratory organs, avoid hypothermia and injuries, strengthen the immune system.

The exudative form of pleuritis is a dangerous, but not critical disease, to recover in which the recovery process and prevention should start. This will make it possible to get out of the state with minimal losses, even if the dry subtype of the disease has been identified.