What is caries teeth. Caries teeth: what it is, types, stages, how to treat

Caries - in itself an unpleasant word. Each person, having heard him, feels unpleasant sensations, because, most likely, he felt all the "charms" of this disease. But the worse the whole caries is neglected. If you do not cure diseases in its early stages, it turns into a deep form. It may be affected by a pulp, that is, the pulpit will arise, then the disease is also able to grow into. Malicious microorganisms are affected by the tissue outside the teeth pulp.

About the disease

Caries, which swallowed in a deep form - the final stage of the disease. It is striking tooth fabrics, including deeply located dentin.

The caries is diagnosed on the nature of the destruction of the upper part of the dental, which are accompanied by pain when exposed to mechanical, temperature and chemical stimuli.

You can determine deep caries, based on the patient's complaints, visual inspection and thermal diagnosis.

Calculate the caries of the deep stage by means of installation, overlay and affected cavity. With this disease, the solid tooth tissues are subjected to demineralization and destruction.

Mix four caries stages:

• deep.

How to recognize the disease?

The initial stage of the disease is characterized by light or brownish stains on the surface of the tooth. Enamel at the same time smooth, without disorders.

When enamel is destroyed, the tooth begins to react much to hot, cold, sweet and sour food. The average stage of the disease leads to the complete destruction of the enamel. At this time it's time to visit the doctor.

What is dangerous caries? First of all, the speed of its development. For the year, most of the oral cavity organs can be amazed. So, a generalized or multiple caries occurs.

The patient itself may diagnose the disease. In the oral cavity, the caries is visible almost on all the tooth organs. In one teeth there may be a few affected foci. In addition, the patient experiences pain, an unpleasant smell of mouth occurs.

Manifestation of generalized disease:

• infection of most teeth;
• enamel is damaged slightly, while Dentin is significantly destroyed;
• several cavities in different sections of one tooth organ;
• immune zones are also affected and the organs significantly resistant to the disease - cutters and fangs;
• severe painful reaction to sweet and sour;
• reaction to cold and hot;
• rapid appearance of plaque;
• increased viscosity and small amount of saliva, which poorly cleans the teeth;
• reduced indicators of secretory IGA;
• probe pain, the cause of which is the absence of replacement dentin;
• there are lesions of different stages of the disease, from initial white spots on enamel, before the launched form - periodontitis.

Due to the small number and strong viscosity of the patient's saliva, which has multiple caries, the teeth are cleaned much more difficult. After all, saliva is a natural purifier for the oral cavity. It is also capable of returning lost trace elements (calcium, phosphorus, fluorine and others) necessary for enamel structure.

The treatment of generalized caries is also complicated by the fact that the seals supplied may fall after a couple of months. So, the disease is still progressing under fillings, the tissues are softened, and the filling seal is weakened.

In addition, this disease causes a significant inesthetics of dental rows. It is dangerously for the health of the patient in general, provokes and requires limiting yourself in the choice of food products.

Deals may cause complexes. The patient will shove his smile. It will cease to feel attractive, will feel discomfort and uncertainty. Especially dangerous such manifestations in children.

The causes of the occurrence of illness

Today, the factors provoking caries are well studied.

Caries appears due to the impact on the tooth organic acids, which distinguish the cariesogenic microorganisms. Such defects are the result of several factors.

Therefore, the disease may not arise from all people, although the microflora of the oral cavity is almost the same.

The main factors provoking the disease:

1. Geographical. This includes climate features, the mineral composition of the soil of the region, where the patient lives, the amount of precipitation. In America, caries is observed in 99% of the inhabitants, whereas in Nigeria only in 2%. Of great importance is fluorine, which is contained in drinking water. The right amount of his number in the human body makes teeth more resistant to the effects of harmful microorganisms. But the oversupply of this substance is able to cause fluorosis, which changes the tissues of the oral cavity and leads to their defects.
2. Sexual. More often the disease occurs in women. The reason is the features of the body. During lactation, the woman loses many vitamins and nutrients. In addition, women are more eating sweet.
3. Professional. More often, the disease is observed in confectionery staff, as well as companies engaged in the production of acids and alkalis.
4. Age. Studies have shown that the disease is gaining momentum aged 2 to 11 years. And the decline occurs after 40 years.

Caries arises with the coincidence of three conditions:

• development on the dental surface of the cariesogenic microorganisms, which highlight the acid destructive tooth tissue;
• bacteria feed on carbohydrates, which are often in the oral cavity;
• low enamel resistance to sacrifices caused by genetic or pathological factors.

Common causes causing caries:

• the composition of the water patient;
• diet;
• ecological situation;
• heredity;
• the presence of somatic diseases;
• bad hygiene oral cavity.

The disease is more affecting the organism weakened by other diseases. At the same time, children often suffer from the caries. These are especially small patients with heart defects, the presence of chronic diseases and suffering sharp infectious diseases.

Often, multiple caries appears in children after angina, scarletins, as well as in the presence of chronic rheumatism, glomerulonephritis, lyting disease, Down syndrome, marble disease, tuberculosis, HIV, endocrine disorders and diabetes mellitus.

In adolescence, the disease is most progressing.

Multiple caries is a very serious and dangerous disease for the body, striking and adults and children. Therefore, it is necessary to treat it immediately. And better in such a situation, carefully choose a doctor. Only an experienced specialist will be able to implement the right treatment.

Classification of the disease

To establish standard therapeutic procedures for each manifestation of the disease, it was divided into classes, each of which implies a certain method of filling and preparation.

Consider every class Read more:

1. Disease, striking pits, fissures and other natural recesses.
2. Caries on contact surfaces.
3. The damage to the contact surface of the cutters and fangs when the cutting faces remain integer.
4. A more serious defeat of the front teeth when their edges were destroyed.
5. All tooth bodies are amazed in areas around the gum.
6. The formation of caries on the cutting surfaces of the teeth of the front row and on the molars fights.

What is the danger of the disease, and what could be complications?

When you ignore this ailment and the absence of its treatment, you can lose the tooth. Other diseases are also possible caused by complicated caries.

Consider the main consequences to which the launched caries can lead:

1. Pulpitis is a disease associated with inflammation of the beam of nerves (pulp). Its main symptoms is a strong pain, manifested when exposed to cold or hot food tooth, as well as during the supervision of it. This ailments may be formed after the treatment of caries. The reasons in this case are incomplete removal of affected fabrics, thermal burns or consequences of deep caries.
2. Periodontitis occurs when the disease is also affecting the ligaments. Deals may be. The chronic form is almost not manifested, and the sharp is accompanied by severe pain.
3. Increasing infection in soft oral fabrics can cause inflammation of gums and faces.
4. An adversely affected by the brushed tooth also affects the condition of different systems and joints of the body.
5. Allergic reactions as a consequence of a constant presence of infection.

The danger of the disease is also characterized by a complex degree of its assessment. After all, such a notch in the early and middle stage can leak without pain, and the patient will not hurry in this case to a specialist. But when the tooth hurts much, most likely, the pulp is already amazed.

In addition, the affected tooth becomes less functional or non-functional at all. Since, when chewing, he may be sick, and food is stuck in the formed cavities, even more accelerating the process of destruction of the dental. This leads to a deterioration in the work of the gastrointestinal tract, because food is not enough good.

Well, the loss of the tooth, which struck the ailment - a completely unpleasant consequence.

The aesthetic state of the teeth also suffers greatly during caries. After all, the dental rugs with dark spots and destroyed teeth did not decorate anyone.

What if the launched caries is detected?

If, the patient noticed signs of deep or multiple caries, he, of course, should first visit the doctor. These diseases are dangerous for the overall condition of the body, so you should not slow the visit.

This ailment is a source of infection, so it needs to be eradicated as soon as possible. If you visit the specialist on time, the tooth can be saved, otherwise it is most likely deleted.

The main thing to contact modern clinics, which have all the necessary tools, equipment and materials. Typically, treatment passes according to the following scheme: removal of pulp, cleaning of channels, sealing. The minus of such a treatment is that the dental body becomes quite fragile.

Diagnostics

How difficult to determine the disease depends on the stage of development of infected sites and their location in the oral cavity. Early signs of the initial disease can be determined by special means.

At a more serious stage, a dental mirror and a probe are used. You can define the disease in this case, even on your own. Such formations are easy to notice visually, as well as to the touch. In addition, during the use of food and when exposed to cold air, such teeth begin to root.

But there are cases when the disease proceeds imperceptibly until the need to remove a dental organ or depulpation.

How to prevent complications?

With a strongly launched disease, the nerve of the tooth will gradually die. In the affected cavity there will be a rotation process. With such cases, the human body is struggling independently. In order to avoid complications, granuloma is formed, growing gradually to the size of the cyst.

Also serious complications can be a pulpit and periodontitis.

On a note: In order to prevent such complications, specialists recommend using special toothpastes that are saturated with minerals enamel, confront the development of bacteria and remove a soft flare.

But only residents of districts can be used such pastes, where the water contains no more than 1.2 milligram fluorine.

How to cure multiple caries?

Timely treatment of multiple caries is necessary both adults and children. Dairy teeth, affected by the disease, is also very important to cure, because even after they fall out, problems with constant teeth, cutting in their place possible.

A child with such a notch will be examined by a dentist, then, after the treatment of teeth, he will be sent to the inspection to other specialists.

The main stages of treatment:

• dental preparation and anesthesia;
• removal of affected dentin sites;
• the drilling of cavities and their antiseptic processing;
• silvering of some tooth organs;
• use of drugs that stimulate the production of new dentin.

If the disease is strongly launched, it may be necessary to carry out a depulpation, installation or removal of a tooth with a further installation.

In order for the disease, it is not returned, it is important to determine its cause and cure the disease that has become it. It is possible to carry out the examination of a patient with a plundering therapy, physiotherapy, the appointment of vitamins and a special diet.

In order to strengthen the immunity and fill the balance of phosphorus and calcium, the patient is prescribed to drink medications with calcium, fluorine, phosphorus, iron and vitamins. Such treatment may take half a year, because the normalization of mineral exchange passes quite slowly.

The diet is individual for each patient, it all depends on the cause of the disease and the nature of its flow. Mandatory products saturated with vitamins, mineral salts and proteins.

Physiotherapy gives excellent results in the fight against multiple caries. Electrophoresis or other special preparations are used for calcination and fluorination.

For children who have a generalized caries, the reality of the oral cavity is needed with the following preventive measures:

1. Professional cleaning (stone removal and plaque).
2. Training, how to properly spend the hygiene of the parental cavity of the parents and the child himself.
3. Teeth mineralization with drugs and calcium containing drugs containing fluoride and calcium.
4. Treatment of inflamed gums. They cannot be ignored, because it can cause a multiple infection that will lead to the destruction of dental authorities.

Effective methods of therapy

Thanks to new methods of diagnosis, identify the disease and reduce its duration it has become much easier. Using modern technologies, specialists can cure even deep caries easily and painlessly.

Some patients are trying to cure a disease with folk remedies. This is not recommended, because the incorrectly chosen treatment technique may cause additional complications in the form of a flux or pulpitis. And the eradication of these diseases will be much more complicated. The positive result of the treatment of caries can be guaranteed only with professional treatment.

Such a technology implies the removal of damaged areas by bormer, and then the implementation of sealing.

Depending on the lesion stage, the treatment is carried out as follows:

1. At the initial stage, it is enough to carry out remineralization, that is, to saturate the affected enamel calcium and fluorine.
2. Surface caries are treated with boring.
3. At a deep stage of the disease, you usually need to visit the dentist twice. In the first visit, the tooth is treated, removing the affected tissues, disinfected with drugs, then seal the time composition. In order to prevent the appearance of pulpitis, special healing gaskets apply. In the second visit, if the tooth does not hurt, they already put a constant seal.

What does the neglect of treatment lead to?

Caries is better cured as early as possible. So it will be possible to keep the tooth and avoid multiple possible complications. In the treatment of launched caries, much longer will be required, and it is likely that it will be less effective.

If the caries does not treat, in the oral cavity there will be a permanent focus of infection. Consider what the focus leads to:

• the emergence of cardiovascular diseases;
• inflammation of the joints;
• chronic allergy.

Patients are often asked whether the caries can lead to death. There is no unambiguous answer to such a question. It is clear that it is impossible to die from the sick tooth. But the consequences caused by complications of such a disease may well lead to a fatal outcome.

Israeli scientists also show that caries can cause male impotence. Of course, this can be only a running stage, in which the inflammatory process went throughout the body.

Prevention

The main type of caries prevention is to protect the teeth from its occurrence.

Consider the main criteria for prevention:

1. High-quality oral hygiene. From the small years, the teeth need to be cleaned at least twice a day. At the same time, it is important to choose the right paste and the brush, and also not to forget to change the last time.
2. Conducting professional cleaning in the clinic against stone and plaque.
3. Restoration of the integrity of the dental rows to unnecessar not to load individual organs, do not spoil the bite, protecting themselves from inflammation capable of calling the caries.
4. Attend a doctor regularly to diagnose alert on time.

Video on the topic

Surely everyone heard that the teeth should be cleaned twice a day, in the morning and in the evening. In addition, it is desirable to use the dental thread to clean the gaps between the teeth from the residues. After each meal, you need to rinse the oral cavity to remove the residues of food and prevent the propagation of pathogenic bacteria in the oral cavity.

Caries is one of the most cunning diseases of the teeth. He sneaks unnoticed, hitting a healthy tooth. And sometimes, when a person draws attention to pain, the disease is already in late step, and the treatment of carious teeth is complex and long.

But what to do, if, despite all precautions and prevention, did you find carious teeth in your mouth? First of all, it is not necessary to panic, because modern dentistry does not stand still, and timely treatment of even the launched caries of the teeth is not an unsolvable problem.

As soon as you suspect something wrong with your teeth, you must immediately sign up for the reception to the dentist's doctor. Only an experienced specialist can not only make a diagnosis correctly and suggest how to get rid of caries, but also to spend competent treatment of a patient tooth.

How treatment is happening

The earlier the doctor will begin treatment of a patient tooth, the easier the treatment. Therefore, it should not be held for a long time with a visit to the dental clinic. Remember that every missed day works against you and the health of your teeth.

Treatment at different stages

Successful treatment of caries in many ways depends on how correctly the dentist has diagnosed and determined, at what stage is the development of the disease. Depending on this, the most suitable treatment technique is selected. Consider in more detail the caries stage and treatment methods at each stage.

The initial stage of the development of the disease is characterized by the appearance of a small light spot on the dental enamel, which in time begins to darken. If you turn to the doctor in time and have time to begin treatment, then you can confine ourselves to the enamel remineralization procedure. However, in fact, it is very difficult to identify such small bright specks. Therefore, in order not to give the caries to raise, it is important to attend the dentist at least twice a year, in this case the doctor will notice the demineralized sections of dental enamel in time and with the help of remineralization will stop the disease.

Surface caries occurs if it does not produce remuneralization of dental enamel at the initial stage of the disease. At the same time, the tooth becomes sensitive and reacts acute pain for hot, cold, salty or sour, and a small cavity of the dark color appears on the surface of the dental enamel. At this stage, the doctor produces cleaning enamel from the fall, removes the accuracy of the carious part of the dental enamel and seals the resulting cavity.

Middle Caries is the next stage of the development of the disease. At this stage, the dental enamel is destroyed quite strongly, deep painful cavities are formed on it. At this stage, it is necessary to carefully remove all the dental tissue affected by caries, at the same time high-speed turbines are most often used. The treatment is carried out with full anesthesia, so the patient does not feel pain and discomfort. After complete removal of patients with tissues, the doctor fits the resulting cavity with special modern durable and reliable sealing materials.

The most cunning is deep caries. He completely affects the tooth, destroying his shape, amazing not only a dental enamel, but also dentin. Painful sensations in this case make people suffer greatly. Even a simple meal is converted to a person in real torture. Not always in the treatment of this type of caries, it is possible to keep the tooth alive. As a rule, the doctor has to remove the nerve, after which it is necessary to grasp the channels of the affected tooth. In this case, the treatment method is necessarily a temporary seal in order to prevent the appearance of pulpitis. And only a week later, if there was no complications, the doctor removes a temporary seal and puts a constant seal.

As a rule, the removal of the dental nerve leads to the brittleness of the tooth in the future. Therefore, after the procedure for removing the nerve and sealing of the carious cavity, the doctor most often suggests the patient to cover the tooth with a special crown.

The hole in the tooth is the fact that in the professional language of dentists is called caries.

Caries begins with softening of dental enamel and penetration into the tooth of a bacterial infection. Bacteria Life Products contain acids that corrode the surface of the enamel and, as a result, microscopic cavities are formed in it.

If you do not remove the pathogens from such cavities in a timely manner and carefully, the carious process develops.

In our article, you will learn from what caries appears, as well as about the methods of his treatment.

Why does caries occur?

In the mouth of a person, millions of bacteria naturally live, which in the process of their livelihoods proceed carbohydrates into milk, ant, oil, propionic, and other organic acids. The remains of food, microorganisms colonies and the acid produced by them are mixed and form porous raids on the surface of the teeth.

Caries, as a rule, is a consequence of irregular nutrition and poor oral hygiene.

The absence of the habit of regularly brushing the teeth provides the acids of long-term contact with enamel and leads to the input of the primary carious foci of a small depth.

Pulp inflammation is accompanied by strong pain due to the presence of a large number of nerve endings. In general, the process of the development of caries can be long and take up to 2 years.

Caries is striking the usual teeth with a large chewing surface. Due to the specifics of the shape and position in the dentition, it is quite difficult to remove the flare and fibers of food, so the acids have a long destructive effect on enamel.

Factors reinforcing the risk of caries

Diet and power

In the diet of the modern person there is an excess of fast carbohydrates. Eating a large number of products containing starch and sugar, we supply the bacteria material for processing it into acid, destroying dental enamel.

The risk of the development of caries increases, if there is a habit of constantly snack between the main techniques of food.

Chocolate, bread, dried fruits, chips, sweet carbonated drinks and other typical products. Products contribute to the intensive formation of the taxation, which is on the teeth at least a few hours before the next cleansing.

Then the first microscopic damage arises on the surface of the enamel.

Bad oral hygiene

An irregular and inefficient mechanical cleaning of teeth, not treated with a toothbrush, the inner surfaces, the abnormal, interzabular spaces and the language create a favorable medium for breeding pathogenic microorganisms.

Dry mouth

Since saliva helps to maintain the surface of the teeth of clean from the fall, neutralizes some acids and promotes enamel remineralization, then any violation of salivation increases the risk of caries.

A decrease in the amount of saliva generated can be a consequence of smoking, reception of a number of drugs (antihistamine, beta-blockers, tricyclic antidepressants, anti-epileptic drugs) or radiation therapy in the head and throat.

Pathology of Dysen.

One of the common problems with the devices is the natural sedimentation and latch of the necks of the teeth that do not have enamel coating. In the lack of enamel, the teeth are even more susceptible to the aggressive effects of acids and the emergence of the so-called peanant caries.

Bottled water

The usual tap water contains the main minerals and fluorine that protect teeth from destruction. Purchased drinking water fluoride does not contain this protective factor.

Unsatisfactory state of the seal

Over time, the seals can be worn, see, crack, their fixation weakens. Such defects create ideal conditions for accumulation of microorganisms and often lead to recurrence of caries.

Symptoms

At the initial stage, the signs of the presence of caries can be lowered, but the following symptoms are often observed with the development of the pathological process:

• pain when drinking sweet, acidic or salty food;
• increased sensitivity to the temperature factor: painful reaction to cold air, very hot or cold food;
• changing the color of the enamel, the presence of black, brown or gray spots on it;
• holes and other visible disorders of the integrity of dental enamel;
• silus breathing;
• unpleasant or tart taste in the mouth;
• biting pain;
• gum inflammation;
• pulsating or noving pain;

Treatment methods

Treatment method Selected by a doctor based on the stage and nature of the carious process:

Before and after caries sealing

1. Remineralizing therapy. It is carried out for the treatment of the disease in the initial stage. The affected portions of the enamel are treated with fluorine, calcium and phosphorus preparations for saturation with minerals lost under the influence of organic acids.
2. Sealing. If the carious process reached the deeper layers of the tooth under the enamel, then the destroyed areas are removed using the bormer and are replaced by durable.
3. . With significant cariese destructions, the doctor can recommend the installation of the crown instead of an ordinary seal. This is done in cases where the seal is not able to sufficiently restore the tooth strength. To install the crown, the destroyed part of the tooth is removed, the remaining part is cleaned and somewhat reduced in size. A specially manufactured individual crown covers the whole tooth, restoring its original shape.
4. . The method is optimal for the treatment of caries of the inner part of the tooth - pulp, where vessels and nerve endings are concentrated. After removing the inflamed pulp, root channels are treated and seal.
5. Removal. This treatment method is applied if the carious destruction of the tooth is so great that it cannot be cured and restored with a support for its own root. Because the removal can change the configuration of the dentition and affect the chewing function, in the future, the patient is recommended to resort to implantation and prosthetics.

Prevention

There are professional measures to protect against caries offered by dental clinics: the procedure for professional cleaning of teeth, the procedures of mineralization and fluoridation to strengthen enamel, sealing of deepening (FISSUR) on the chewing surface of the teeth, correcting the incorrect bite.

Reduced the risk of developing the disease and its complications will also help the simplest and accessible measures to everyone:

1. Visit the dentist twice a year to identify possible problems at an early stage.
2. Clean your teeth at least two times a day for 2-3 minutes, and better after each meal.
3. Do not forget when cleaning the teeth also delete raids from the language.
4. Use not only a conventional toothbrush, but also other aids: dental threads, toothpicks, interdental brushes.
5. After cleaning the teeth, use fluorine-containing rinse.
6. Change the toothbrush at least 1 time in three months.
7. Drink clean water (or rinse your mouth) After receiving food and sweet drinks to remove an extra sugar from the oral cavity.
8. Include solid products in your diet (for example, raw vegetables and nuts) for natural mechanical cleansing of teeth.
9. Avoid contrasting food, it leads to cracking enamel and infection penetration.

- The process of demineralization and destruction of solid tooth tissues with the formation of a strip defect. It is characterized by the appearance of yellowish-brown pigment spots on the enamel, unpleasant smell of mouth, tooth reaction to acid, sweet, cold or hot food, and pain. With the development of deep caries, the formation of a cyst, joining the pulpitis, and then periodontitis is possible. Launched caries can lead to a loss of tooth. The presence of undivided carious cavities increases the risk of developing acute and chronic diseases of the body.

General

Caries teeth are a destructive process of a dystrophic or infectious nature flowing into the bone or periosteum and ending with the full or partial destruction of the tooth. Carious disease is the most common disease among adults. According to WHO, the incidence of caries of teeth in different countries and among different contingent ranges from 80% to 98%. In the past two decades, there has been a tendency to increase incidence among children, especially in economically developed countries and, by 6-7 years, 80-90% of children have a caries of different depths.

Causes of Caries

The caries of the teeth is not an independent disease, and the pathological states of the body as a whole are an important pathogenetic link in its development. Thus, the decline in the general and local immunity, the pathology of the gastrointestinal tract and the error in the diet contribute to the development of caries.

To date, the theories about the emergence of caries about four hundred, but most of them are based on the fact that due to the violation of the hygiene of the oral cavity on enamel, a dental flare appears, which leads to the development of carious disease. The field appears due to improper and irregular cleaning of teeth, especially in places difficult to clean and in places where it is not removed naturally during chewing (side surfaces of the teeth, deepening chewing surfaces). The dental flare is firmly associated with the surface of the tooth and is a habitat for bacteria, most of which make up the streptococcal flora. Mineral salts, which are contained in saliva, contribute to the sealing of the plaque. Such formations of plaque and mineral salts are called a dental blushing.

Bacteria living in a dental flask produce milk acid that demineralizes dental enamel. Demining dental enamel is the first stage of the carious process. The dextran polysaccharide, which is produced by streptococci from sucrose, contributes to the demineralization process, which is why the development of caries is associated with eating a large number of ordinary carbohydrates.

The activity of microorganisms in the dental plaque and the demineralization process depends on the individual characteristics of the body. Most people have resistance to carieselogenic bacteria expressed weakly, whereas in people with a good state of the immune system and in the absence of related diseases, the resistance is sufficiently high. In persons who have immunodeficiency states, caries develop more actively. And in children with exudative diathesis and rickets, carious disease is diagnosed 2 times more often.

When the composition of saliva changes, when the ratio of mineral salts is disturbed and its natural antibacterial properties are reduced, the risk of caries development increases. Somatic diseases and errors in a diet with a deficit of minerals, especially during the formation of the teeth, significantly reduce resistance. Hereditary pathologies of enamel (aplasia or enamel hypoplasia) and extreme effects on the body in combination with other factors increase the likelihood of carious disease.

Accommodation in industrial areas, unfavorable environmental conditions and inferiority of drinking water reduce the common protective functions of the body, which can become an important pathogenetic link in the appearance of caries. Sticky residues of carbohydrate food and deviations of the biochemical composition of solid tooth tissues are the main local factors that contribute to the development of the carious process. The state of the dental system during the bookmarking period, the development of teething and the formation of teeth is of great importance in the further state of the dental system.

Symptoms of caries

Depending on the depth of the lesion of solid tooth tissues, 4 forms of caries are distinguished.

1. At the carious stain stage, the enamel of the tooth is obstacious. There are no visible destruction of solid tooth tissues, a tool examination with a probe is uninformative, since at this stage there are no signs of changing the structure of solid tooth tissues. Sometimes it is possible to regress stains, the reasons for this phenomenon are not found out, but the dentists associate self-immune system with the activation of the immune system.
2. The second form of caries is a superficial caries. Dark pigmentation appears on the surface of the tooth, during the instrumental inspection in the pigmentation zone, the emission softening is revealed. Sometimes at the stage of surface caries, all layers of dental enamel are involved in the destructive process. But usually the defect is limited and does not go beyond enamel. Carious lesion looks like a dirty gray or brown stain with a rough bottom.
3. With Middle Caries, enamel and dentin fabric are affected.
4. With deep caries, there is a complete defeat of all tissues of the tooth, up to the complete destruction of the tooth. Subjective sensations depend on the depth of the defeat and the sharpness of the flow of caries. Typically, patients complain about sharp pain when hitting the affected surface or carious cavity of acidic, sweet or cold food. When eliminating an irritant factor, the sharp dental pain subsides, as a rule, there is no spontaneous pain during caries.

Under the acute course of caries, a series of teeth, affected by the tissue of dirty gray, softened, is softened, the focus of destruction has the wrong outline, its edges are beyond, painful syndrome is brighter. The acute flow of caries is characterized by the defeat of almost all teeth, while in each teeth there are several foci of carious lesion.

The chronic flow of carious disease is characterized by pigmentation of affected areas, their seal and the smoothness of the edges. Separate teeth are amazed, usually the process has a sluggish course. In the absence of treatment, the caries is complicated by pulpitis and periodontitis, which is the main cause of dental destruction and their subsequent removal.

Diagnostics

Caries diagnose during visual and instrumental examinations of the dentist. Subjective sensations of the patient make it possible to judge the depth of the process, but are not the main diagnostic criteria. In the process of diagnostics, a targeted radiography of the tooth is carried out, the electrooptometry.

Treatment of caries

The basic principle of treatment of caries is the removal of the affected tissues and the restoration of the tooth with sealing materials. During the sauna of the carious cavity, all the affected fabrics are removed. The cavity is carefully disinfected, sometimes temporary seals are installed for this, under which there are disinfectants. The better the disinfection of the carious cavity is made, the stronger will hold onto the seal. The qualitative strengthening of weakened tissues depends on both the qualitative removal of the carious focus and its disinfection, and on what stage of the development of carious disease began treatment.

The classic preparation of the carious foculation occurs with the help of born, but today there is an alternative option - laser preparation. The procedure is distinguished by painlessness, silent and quality of preparing the tooth cavity to further sealing.

Surface caries treatment is possible in several ways. The common method is the preparation of the tooth and the subsequent sealing of the carious cavity. A prerequisite for this method of treatment is the creation of a cavity within dentin, but when creating a small cavity of the conditions for creating a two-layer seal from an insulating gasket and actually a seal is not enough. These factors are taken into account when filling carious cavities on the chewable and contact surfaces of premolars and molars.

Another technique is to apply new composite materials with high agsensive properties, which will allow to fill the surface caries without a deep preparation of tooth tissues. The third method consists in tossing the carious area, followed by remineralization. The remineralization of the enamel is carried out by appliqués or electrophoresis with a 1% sodium fluoride solution (deep fluorination of teeth) or using other permitted remineralizing drugs. With an average caries, only a method for the preparation of solid tooth tissues is possible with subsequent carious cavity seal.

Treatment of deep caries is conjugate with certain difficulties, since the restoration of almost completely destroyed tooth requires a doctor not only professionalism, but also the choice of techniques. Sometimes, with deep caries, the tooth pulp is covered with a layer of intact dentin, in some cases the doctor is forced to leave a pigmented and soften dentin in the carious cavity. Such cases of deep caries require the imposition of therapeutic gasket on the bottom of the carious cavity (the calcice-paste is most often used). This gasket has an anti-inflammatory effect and stimulates dentineogenesis. That is, a seal with deep carious lesions consists of three layers: the healing gasket, an insulating phosphatecate gasket and a constant sealing material, most often this amalgam.

The selection of sealing material is based on the group affiliation of the teeth. In order to restore the anatomical forms of the front teeth and fangs as a result of fillings, the requirements are presented to the seal, both by strength and aesthetics. To seal these teeth groups, the material is selected in accordance with the color of the patient's teeth, which allows silicate cements and composite materials.

Be sure to comply with the technological process in the preparation of a sealing material, because the use of good components in non-compliance with the material preparation technology and in non-compliance with the installation techniques of the seal significantly reduces its durability.

Preparation of the carious cavity to filling lies in the careful removal of dentinal sawdust with a jet of water or air. Next, the cavity is disinfected and dried, because even minor traces of moisture significantly worsen the adhesionability of cements, light-polymers and composite seals.

After hardening the seals, it is grinning and polished, removing unnecessary protrusions before that. The better the surface of the seal, the smaller the microorganisms and residues of food are delayed on its surface. The uniformity of the outer layer reduces the probability of the corrosion of the seal and prevents its rapid destruction. Treatment of even chronic and running caries with sealing makes it possible to restore the integrity of the surface of the tooth, prevent the pulpitis and complete destruction of the teeth.

Prevention

The prevention of caries is the fight against a soft dental chain, which includes the use of high-quality toothpastes and toothbrushes, the use of dental filament, regular passage of the procedure for professional hygiene of the oral cavity. If the dental enamel is weakened, then for its strengthening, the fluorization of the teeth is shown using fluorine-containing preparations: pastes, solutions and varnishes. Balanced nutrition with high solid food and low content of simple carbohydrates prevents the reproduction of microorganisms in the oral cavity. In areas where the quality of drinking water is low, it is recommended to use water from other regions.