The Second World War has become the most bloody and cruel military conflict in the entire history of mankind and the only one in which nuclear weapons were used. 61 states took part in it. The starts and graduation dates (September 1, 1939 - September 2, 1945) are among the most significant for the entire civilized world.

The reasons of the Second World War were the imbalance of the forces in the world and the problems provoked by the results, in particular territorial disputes.

The victims of the Versailiary Mirny Treaty winning in the First World USA, England and France on the most disadvantageous and humiliating conditions for the losers (Turkey and Germany), which provoked the growth of tension in the world. At the same time, adopted in the late 1930s. England and France the policy of the appearance of the aggressor gave the opportunity to sharply increase its military potential, which accelerated the transition of the fascists to active military actions.

The members of the AntiGitler bloc were USSR, USA, France, England, China (Chan Kaisha), Greece, Yugoslavia, Mexico, etc. Italy, Japan, Hungary, Albania, Bulgaria, Finland, China (Van Jingwei), Thailand, Iraq, etc. participated from Germany in World War II. Many states participants in World War II did not lead action on the fronts, but helped, supplying food, medicines and other necessary resources.

Researchers identify the following stages of World War II:

• first stage: From September 1, 1939 to June 21, 1941 - the period of the European Blitzkrieg of Germany and the Allies;
• second Stage: June 22, 1941 - approximately mid-November 1942 - an attack on the USSR and the subsequent failure of the plan "Barbarossa";
• the third stage: the second half of November 1942 - the end of 1943 - a radical fracture in the war and the loss of Germany's strategic initiative. At the end of 1943 at the Tehran Conference, in which Roosevelt and Churchill took part, a decision was made to open the second front;
• the fourth stage: from the end of 1943 to May 9, 1945 - was marked by the Taking Berlin and the unconditional surrender of Germany;
• fifth stage: May 10, 1945 - September 2, 1945 - At this time, battles were carried out only in Southeast Asia and in the Far East. United States for the first time nuclear weapons were applied.

The beginning of World War II accounted for September 1, 1939. On this day, Wehrmacht suddenly began aggression against Poland. Despite the response announcement of war France, Great Britain and some other countries, the real help of Poland was not provided. Already on September 28, Poland was captured. The peace treaty between Germany and the USSR was concluded on the same day. Having received a reliable rear, Germany began active preparation for war with France, which has already capitulated in 1940, June 22. Fascist Germany began a large-scale preparation for war on the Eastern Front from the USSR. He was approved in 1940, December 18. Soviet top management received a report on the preparing attack, however, fearing to provoke Germany and believing that the attack will be committed in a later date, consciously did not lead the border parties in combat readiness.

In the chronology of World War II, the period from June 22, 1941 to May 9, 1945, known in Russia, is known as. The USSR on the eve of the Second World War was an actively developing state. Since the threat of conflict with Germany has increased over time, primarily the defense and heavy industry, science developed in the country. Created closed KB, whose activities were aimed at developing the latest weapons. At all enterprises and in collective farms, discipline is maximally tightened. In the 30s. More than 80% of the imprint of the Red Army were repressed. To fill losses, a network of military schools and academies was created. However, it was not enough to fully prepare the personnel of time.

The main battles of the Second World War, who had a great importance for the history of the USSR:

• (September 30, 1941 - April 20, 1942), which became the first victory of the Red Army;
• (July 17, 1942 - February 2, 1943), marking a radical fracture in the war;
• (July 5 - August 23, 1943), during which the largest tank battle of the Second World War occurred under p. Prokhorovka;
• which led to the capitulation of Germany.

Important events for the course of World War II took place not only at the fronts of the USSR. Among the allies of operations should be especially noted:

• japan's attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, served as the cause of the US joining the second world war;
• opening of the second front and landing of the landing in Normandy June 6, 1944;
• the use of nuclear weapons on August 6 and 9, 1945 for hitting Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

The date of the end of the Second World War began on September 2, 1945, Japan signed the act of surrender only after the defeated by the troops of the USSR of the Quantang Army. The battles of the Second World War, according to the most approximate estimates, were carried out about 65 million people on both sides.

The Soviet Union suffered the greatest losses in World War II - 27 million citizens of the country were killed. It was the USSR that accepted the main blow. These figures, according to some researchers, are approximate. It was the stubborn resistance of the Red Army that became the most important causal defeat of the Reich.

The results of the Second World War were terrified by everyone. Military actions put on the line the very existence of civilization. In the course of Nuremberg and Tokyo processes, fascist ideology was convicted, many military criminals were punished. In order to prevent the possibility of new World War I, in the Yalta Conference in 1945, it was decided to establish the existing United Nations (UN).

The results of the nuclear bombardment of Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki led to the signing of the Covenants on the non-proliferation of weapons of mass lesion, prohibit on its production and application. It must be said that the consequences of Hiroshima and Nagasaki bombardments are felt today.

The economic consequences of World War II were serious. For Western European countries, it turned into a genuine economic disaster. The influence of Western European countries has decreased significantly. At the same time, the United States managed to maintain and strengthen its position.

The meaning of World War II for the Soviet Union is huge. The defeat of the fascists identified the future history of the country. According to the results of the conclusion of peace treaties following the defeat of Germany, the USSR significantly expanded its borders.

At the same time, the totalitarian system was strengthened in the Union. Some European countries have established communist regimes. The victory in the war did not save the USSR from the following in the 50s. Mass repression.

From the beginning of 1944, the Soviet army launched a powerful offensive on all fronts. By the fall, most of the territory of the Soviet Union was cleared of the occupiers, and the war was moved beyond our country.

The Hitler's block began to fall apart. On August 23, 1944, the fascist regime in Romania fell, on September 9, an uprising broke out in Bulgaria. September 19 was signed a truce with Finland.

Germany has deteriorated even more after June 6, 1944 the second front was opened in Normandy (France). Allied troops were tested by Germans from Italy, Greece, Slovakia. Successfully walked on the Pacific Ocean. In August 1944, the Americans after stubborn battles mastered the Mariani Islands. From the military-air base, located on these islands, American bomber could be bombed by Japan, the position of which after that deteriorated sharply.

All this in full growth put the problem of post-war settlement. In the fall of 1944, the conference in Dumbarton-Ox (USA) was mainly completed the preparation of the Charter of the New International Organization for Peacekeeping - UN. A little earlier, at the Bretton Woods conference, issues related to the creation of an international monetary system were discussed. There was decided on the formation of two most important international financial institutions - the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), which was held the entire post-war currency and financial system. The key role in these organizations began to play the United States, skillfully used them to strengthen their influence in global affairs.

The main thing at the final stage of war was the achievement of the early victory. In the spring of 1944, the war was transferred itself to the territory of Reich. On April 13, Soviet troops took Vienna, and on April 24, the battle of Berlin began. On April 30, I committed suicide A. Hitler, and on May 2, the garrulis of Berlin capitulated. On the night of May 8-19, 1945, the Germans were forced to sign an act of full and unconditional surrender of Germany. War in Europe ended.

Approached to completion and war in the Pacific Ocean. But the Higher Military Command of Japan was not going to put up with a steadily impaired catastrophe. However, by the spring of 1945, the strategic initiative passed on the side of opponents of Japan. In June, Americans after heavy battles took Okinawa Island, in close proximity to the main territory of Japan. The ring around Japan was shrinking all the tight. The result of the war no longer caused doubts.

Her ending was marked by one extremely important event: on August 6, 1945, the Americans were dropped at Hiroshima atomic bomb. On August 9, the Americans repeated their attack, the object of which was the city of Nagasaki. On the same day, the Soviet Union joined the war against Japan. On September 2, 1945, Japan capitulated, and thus the Second World War was over.

In the course of it, an exclusively aggressive grouping of states was completely defeated, openly applicants to the redistribution of peace and his unification according to their sample and likeness. Serious rearrangement of the forces occurred in the winners. Noticeably weakened the position of Great Britain, especially France. China's leading countries began to include China, but until the civil war was completed there, it was only nominally be considered a great power. Throughout Europe and in Asia, the positions of the left forces were noticeably strengthened, the authority of which, thanks to the active participation in the resistance movement, increased markedly, and, on the contrary, representatives of the Ratio Circles, which spoke themselves with their cooperation with the fascists, were moved to the side of the political process.

Finally, there were not just two great powers in the world, but two superpowers - the USA and the USSR. The equilibrium of the relics of these two giants, on the one hand, and the complete discrepancy of the systems of the values, which they represented - on the other, inevitably predetermined their acute clashes in the post-war world, and it is precisely 1980-1990. It became the rod of the development of the entire system of international relations.

Gafur Said 09.05.2017 at 10:25

In the days of Great Victory, the Historical Historic Gomon has already become familiar about the unbearable implicit racism of the Anglo-Saxons, about Budenne and Tukhachevsky, the conspiracy of Marshals ... What and how was it really? What are the long-known and new facts? The Second World War began in the summer of 1937, and not in the fall of 1939. A block of Panish Poland, Hortiet Hungary and Hitler Germany ruled the unfortunate Czechoslovakia. Not in vain Churchill called the Polish owners of the life of vigorous of vile hyen, and the Molotov and Ribbentrop treaty - the brilliant success of Soviet diplomacy.

Every year, when the Victory Day approaches, different inhumans are trying to auditate the story, shout that the Soviet Union is not the main winner, and his victory would have been impossible without the help of allies. Usually, as the main argument, they lead the Molotov-Ribbentrop treaty.

The very fact that Western historians believe that the Second World War began in September 1939, is explained exclusively unfinished racism of Western allies, primarily English-American. In fact, the Second World War began in 1937, when Japan began aggression against China.

Japan is the aggressor country, China is a winner country, and the war went from 1937 to September 1945, he walked without a single break. But for some reason these dates are not called. After all, this happened somewhere in the far asia, and not in civilized Europe or North America. Although the end is completely obvious: the end of the Second World War is the capitulation of Japan. It is logical that the beginning of Japanese aggression against China should be considered the beginning in this story.

It will remain on the conscience of Anglo-American historians, and we just need to know about it. In fact, the situation is not so simple. The question is also set: in which year, the Soviet Union entered into the Second World War? The war was walking since 1937, and she was not at all the liberation campaign of the working and peasant Red Army in Poland, when Western Ukraine and Western Belarus reunited with their brothers in the East. The war began earlier in Europe. It was in the fall of 1938, when the Soviet Union declared Pansk Poland that if she would take part in aggression against Czechoslovakia, the non-aggression agreement of the USSR and Poland would be considered dissolved. This is a very important point; Because when the country breaks the nonsense agreement - this is actually war already. The Poles were then badly frightened, there were several joint statements. Nevertheless, Poland took part with the allies of Nazis and Charti Hungary in the dismemberment of Czechoslovakia. The fighting was agreed between the Polish and German General Staff.

It is important here to remember one document, which is very fond of proprietary anti-Sovers: This is the prison testimony of Marshal Tukhachevsky on the strategic deployment of the working and peasant Red Army. There are papers that and anti-sakers, and supporters of Stalin are called very important and interesting. True, their meaningful analysis for some reason cannot be found in almost anywhere.

The fact is that Tukhachevsky wrote this document in conclusion in 1937, and in 1939, when the war began on the Western Front, the situation changed dramatically. The entire meaningful pathos of the testimony of Tukhachevsky is that the worker-peasant Red Army was not able to win from the Polish-German coalition. And in accordance with the Gitler and Pilsudsky Covenant (the first brilliant success of Hitler's diplomacy), Poland and Germany must be together to attack the Soviet Union.

There is a less well-known document - the report of the Seeds of Budenny, who was present on the process of Marshal conspiractions. Then all the marshals, including Tukhachevsky, Yakira, the sewage, were sentenced to death - along with a large number of commander. Head of the Political Office of the Red Army, Gamarnik shot himself. Blucher and Marshal Egorova shot, who participated in another plot.

These three military participated in the conspiracy of Marshals. In the report, the Burendan says that the final impetus, which made Tukhachevsky start planning a coup, was his awareness that the Red Army was not able to win the United allies - Hitler's Germany and Panish Poland. This is exactly the main threat.

So, we see that in 1937 Tukhachevsky says: Rkka has no chance against the Nazis. And in 1938, Poland, Germany and Hungary are torn to pieces of unhappy Czechoslovakia, after which Churchill calls the Polish executives with hyenas and writes that the brave of brave were led by vigilant of vile.

And only in 1939, thanks to the brilliant successes of Soviet diplomacy and the fact that Litvinov's line was replaced by the Molotov line, the USSR was able to relieve this deadly threat, which was that Germany, Poland, and the Soviet Union could speak in the West against the Soviet Union West Front - Hungary and Romania. And at the same time, Japan had an approach to attack in the East.

Tukhachevsky and the regional considered almost hopeless position of the Red Army in this situation. Then, instead of soldiers, diplomats began to work, who managed to break the block between Soviet diplomacy, between Hitler, Beck and Poland, between the fascists and the Polish leadership, and untie the war between Germany and Poland. It should be noted that the German army at that time was almost invincible.

The Germans did not have a big fighting experience, he consisted only in the Spanish war, in a relatively bloodless antislus of Austria, as well as in the bloodless seizure of the Sudetening region and then the rest of Czechoslovakia, except for those pieces that, by agreement between the Nazis and Poland, with Hungary moved these countries .

Panskaya Poland was defeated by the Germans in three weeks. To understand how it happened, it is enough to re-read the military memories and analytical documents; For example, the famous Book of Combridge Is Herson "New Forms of Fight", which is now becoming popular again. It was a completely unexpected and rapid defeat of Poland. In 1940, the same fast three-week and catastrophic defeat suffered France, which was then considered the strongest army in Europe. No one expected this.

But, in any case, such a quick defeat of Poland meant only one thing: Soviet diplomacy worked great, she pushed the borders of the Soviet Union far to the west. After all, in 1941, the Nazis were very close to Moscow, and it is possible that these several hundred kilometers who moved the border to the West, and allowed to save not only Moscow, but also Leningrad. We managed to make almost impossible.

The victory of Soviet diplomacy provided us with guarantees that not only broke out the block, but also led to the fact that Hitler destroyed the Warsaw threat to Russia. No one expected what rotten will then be the Polish army. Therefore, when you are talking about the Molotov and Ribbentrop Covenant, answer: it was a brilliant answer to the Munich collusion, and the Polish Pana received a deserved punishment. Churchill was right: it was vigilant of vile.

The Great Victory is not just a holiday that unites us. This is a very important thing in our historical experience, which makes it always remember that you need to store powder dry: we are never safe.

Chronology of World War II (1939-1945)

READ ALSO: Great Patriotic War - Chronological Table, Patriotic War 1812 - Chronology, Northern War - Chronology, World War II - Chronology, Russian-Japanese War - Chronology, October Revolution 1917 - Chronology, Civil War in Russia 1918-20 - Chronology.

1939 year.

August 23. Signing the Molotov - Ribbentrop Covenant (non-aggression contract between the USSR and Germany).

September 17th. Polish government is recreated in Romania. Soviet troops invade Poland.

September 28th. The signing of the "Friendship and Border Treaty" between the USSR and Germany, it formally completes the partition of Poland. Conclusion "Covenant on mutual assistance" between the USSR and Estonia.

October 5th. Conclusion "Covenant on mutual assistance" between the USSR and Latvia. Finnish Soviet proposal to conclude a "mutual assistance pact", the beginning of negotiations between Finland and the USSR.

the 13th of November. The termination of the Soviet-Finnish negotiations - Finland refuses "Covenant on mutual assistance" from the USSR.

November 26th. "The Maynile incident" is a reason for the beginning of November 30 of the Soviet-Finnish war.

December 1. The creation of the "People's Government of Finland" led by O. Kuusinen. On December 2, it signs an agreement on mutual assistance and friendship with the USSR.

December 7th. Beginning of the battle in Suomussal. She walked until January 8, 1940 and ended with a serious defeat of Soviet troops.

World War II. War incitement

1940.

April May. Shot of the NKVD more than 20 thousand Polish officers and intellectuals in the Katyn Forest, Ostashkovsky, Starobelsky and other camps.

April 9th. German invasion to Norway.

September - December. The beginning of the secret training of Germany to war from the USSR. Development "Plan Barbarossa".

1941 year.

January 15. Negus High Selasieu joined the Abyssinian territory, abandoned by him in 1936

March 1. Bulgaria joins the triple, the Covenant. German troops enter Bulgaria.

March 25. The Yugoslavyan Government of Prince Paul joins the Triple Covenant.

March 27. Government coup in Yugoslavia. King Peter II instructs the formation of the new government to General Simovich. Mobilization of the Yugoslav army.

April, 4. The coup of Rashid Ali Al-Gailani in Iraq, in favor of Germany.

April 23. Signing the Soviet-Japanese neutrality treaty, for a period of five years.

14th of April. Fights for Tobruk. Defensive battles of the Germans in the Egyptian border (April 14 - November 17).

April 18th. The capitulation of the Yugoslavyan army. Section of Yugoslavia. Creating independent Croatia.

26 April. Roosevelt declared his intention to create American air bases in Greenland.

April 27th. Taking Athens and the Greek Islands in the Aegean Sea. New Dunkirk for England.

12 May. Admiral Darlan in Berchtesgaden. The Government of the Pethet provides the Germans in Syria to the Germans.

May. Roosevelt announced the "state of extreme national danger." Stalin becomes Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars.

12 June. British aviation begins to systematic bombardment of industrial centers in Germany.

June 25th. Finland enters into war on the side of Germany in response to the Soviet bombardment of 19 airfields on its territory.

30 June. Taking Riga by the Germans (see the Baltic Operation). The capture of Lviv by the Germans (see Lviv-Chernivtsi Operation.) Creating a higher authority in the USSR for the military period - the State Defense Committee (GKO): Chairman Stalin, members of Molotov (Chairman Deputy), Beria, Malenkov, Voroshilov.

3 July. The order of Stalin on the organization of the partisan movement in the rear of the Germans and on the destruction of everything that can get the enemy. The first since the beginning of the war is the performance of Stalin on the radio: "Brothers and sisters! .. My friends! .. Despite the heroic resistance of the Red Army, despite the fact that the best divisions of the enemy and the best parts of his aviation are already broken and found their grave on the battlefields , the enemy continues to climb ahead "

July 10th. The end of the 14-day battles in Belostok and Minsk, the environment here in two bags of more than 300 thousand Soviet soldiers. The Nazis completes the surroundings of a 100 thousand-thousand group of the Red Army under Uman. The beginning of the battle of Smolensk (July 10 - August 5).

October 15. Evacuation from Moscow of the leadership of the Communist Party, General Staff and Administrative Institutions.

29th of October. The Germans dump a large bomb to the Kremlin: 41 people die and more than 100 wounded.

November 1-15. Temporary termination of the German attack on Moscow due to the depletion of troops and a strong dissolve.

November 6th. In its annual speech about the October anniversary at the Metro station "Mayakovskaya", Stalin announces the failure of the German "Blitzkrig" (lightning war) in Russia.

November 15 - December 4th. An attempt to decide the ruver of the Germans to Moscow.

November 18th. British offensive in Africa. Battle in Marmarik (region between Kerenaica and Delta Nile). German retreat in Kerenaica

November 22. Rostov-on-Don is busy by the Germans - and a week later, beaten by the structures of the Germans of the German Germans in the Donetsk pool.

The end of December. Capitulation of Hong Kong.

1942 year.

Before January 1, 1942. The Red Army and the Navy lose a total of 4.5 million people, of which 2.3 million - missing and prisoners (most likely, these figures are incomplete). Despite this, Stalin craves victoriously to complete the war already in 1942, which becomes the cause of many strategic mistakes.

January 1st . In Washington, the Union of United Nations (26 nations fighting against the Nazi Blok) is a UN Concept. It includes the USSR.

January 7 . The beginning of the Soviet Lyuban offensive operation: attempts to strike from two sides to the north north of Novgorod, Luban surrounded the German troops here. This operation lasts 16 weeks, ending with the failure and defeat of the 2nd shock army A. Vlasov.

January 8 . The Rzhev-Vyazemical Operation of 1942 (8.01 - 20.04): A unsuccessful attempt to quickly "cut" the Rzhevsky ledge stands for the Red Army (according to official Soviet data) 770 thousand losses against 330 thousand German.

January February . The environment of the Germans at the Demyanskoye Bridgehead (South of the Novgorod region, January - February). They defend themselves here until April - when they break through the environment, keeping Demyansk. German losses at the same time - 45 thousand, Soviet - 245 thousand.

January 26. . Landing of the first American expedition building in Northern Ireland.

The Second World War. Japan's sun

February 19. Roma process against the "perpetrators of the defeat of France" - Daladje, Leon Blum, General Gamelin et al. (February 19 - April 2).

February 23. The rules of Roosevelt on Land Lisa applies to all the Allied Nations (USSR).

28th of February. German-Italian troops again capture Marmarika (Feb. 28 - June 29).

March 11th. Another attempt to solve the Indian issue: the mission of Crypps to India.

March 12th. General Toyo offers America, England, China and Australia to give up hopeless war for them.

April 1st. A special decision of the Politburo subjected to the defeat critic of Voroshilov, who refused to accept the command of the Volkhov Front.

April. Hitler gets complete power. The will of Hitler becomes with this law for Germany. British aviation resets over Germany on average 250 tons of explosives on the night.

May 8-21 . Battle for the Kerch Peninsula. Kerch are taken by the Germans (May 15). A failed attempt to free the Crimea in 1942 is standing the Red Army to 150 thousand losses.

August 23. Exit the 6th German army to the outskirts of Stalingrad. Beginning of the Stalingrad battle. Castly bombing of the city.

August. Offensive fights of the Red Army at Rzhev.

September 30th. Hitler announces Germany's transition from an offensive strategy to defensive (mastering conquered territories).

From January to October The Red Army loses those killed, injured and prisoners of 5.5 million soldiers.

October 23. Battle for El Alamein. The defeat of the Rommel's expedition building (October 20 - November 3).

October 9th. The elimination of the Institute of Commissars in the Red Army, the introduction of unites military commander.

November 8. Allied landing in North Africa, under the command of General Eisenhawer.

11th of November. A breakthrough of the German army to the Volga in Stalingrad, the defending city Soviet troops are divided into two narrow pockets. Germans begin to occupy all of France. Demobilization of the French army, preserved after the 1940 truce.

November 19th. The beginning of the Soviet counteroffensive under Stalingrad - Operations "Uranus".

November 25. The beginning of the second Rzhevsky-Sychevsky operation ("Operation Mars", 25.11 - 20.12): an unsuccessful attempt to defeat the 9th German army from Rzhev. She stands with a red army of 100 thousand killed and 235 thousand wounded against 40 thousand common losses of the Germans. If Mars had completed successfully, "Jupiter" would have been following him: the defeat of the main part of the German "Center" Army Group in Vyazma.

November 27th. The self-monitoring of large units of the French navy in Toulon.

December 16th. The beginning of the Red Army of the "Small Saturn" operation (December 16-30) - strike from the South of the Voronezh region (from Kalach and Rossoshi), to Morozovsk (North of the Rostov region). Initially, it was assumed to rush to the south to the most Rostov-on-Don and so cut off the entire German group "South", but for this "Big Saturn" did not have enough strength, and had to be limited to "Small".

December 23. Termination of the operation of the "Winter Storm" - Attempts of Manstein to rescue the Germans in Stalingrad with a blow from the south. The capture of the Red Army of the Freight Field in the Tazinskaya - the main external source of the surrounded Stalingrad group of the Germans.

The end of December. Rommel is delayed in Tunisia. Stop union offensive in Africa.

1943.

1 January. The beginning of the North Caucasian operation of the Red Army.

6 January. Decree "On the introduction of a challenge for the personnel of the Red Army."

11 January. Liberation from the Germans of Pyatigorsk, Kislovodsk and mineral waters.

January 12-30. The Soviet Operation "Spark" punches the Break in Leningrad blockade, discovering (after the liberation of Schlisselburg January 18) a narrow land corridor to the city. Soviet losses in this operation - approx. 105 thousand killed, wounded and prisoners, German - approx. 35 thousand

January 14-26. Conference in Casablanca (the requirement of the "unconditional surrender of the power of the axis").

21 January. Liberation from the Germans Voroshilovsk (Stavropol).

January 29. Beginning of the Voroshilovgrad Vatutin operation ("SPACK OPERATION", January 29 - February 18): Initial goal - through Voroshilovgrad and Donetsk to reach the Sea of \u200b\u200bAzov and cut off the Germans in the Donbas, but they managed to take raisins and Voroshilovgrad (Lugansk).

The 14th of February. Liberation of the Red Army of Rostov-on-Don and Lugansk. The creation of the Red Army of the Union of Land in Myshako, with the aim of attacks to Novorossiysk. Germans, however, are held in Novorossiysk until September 16, 1943.

February 19. The beginning of the counter-offentenance of Manstein in the south ("Third Battle for Kharkov"), which breaks the Soviet operation "Leap".

March 1. The beginning of the operation "Buffel" ("Buffalo", March 1-30): The German troops by a planned retreat leave the Rzhevsky ledge to transfer the part of the forces to the Kursk arc from there. Soviet historians then represent "Buffel" not as a conscious departure of the Germans, but as a successful offensive "Rzhevoy-Vyazem Operation of the Red Army of 1943".

20th of March. Battle for Tunisia. The defeat of the German troops in Africa (March 20 - May 12).

April 13th. The Germans declare about found near Smolensky, in Katyn, the mass burial shot by the Soviet NKVD of Polish officers.

April 16th. The Spanish Foreign Minister offers its mediation between the warring parties, for the conclusion of the world.

June 3. Creation of the French Committee of National Liberation (before: French National Committee).

June. The German underwater danger is reduced to a minimum.

5'th of July. German offensive in the North and Southern Faces of Kursk Speed \u200b\u200b- the beginning of the Kursk battle (July 5-23, 1943).

July 10th. The landing of Anglo-Americans in Sicily (July 10 - August 17). The beginning of them by military operations in Italy distracts many enemy forces from the Soviet front and is actually equivalent to the opening of the second front in Europe.

July, 12. The battle near Prokhorovka is to stop the dangerous German breakthrough in the southern Face Kursk Arc. Losses in the operation "Citadel" (July 5-12): Soviet - approx. 180 thousand soldiers, German - OK. 55 thousand. The beginning of the operation of "Kutuzov" - Soviet counterattacks on the Oryol Arc (Northern Face Kursk Speaker).

July 17th. Creation in Sicily Amgota (Union Military Management Occupied Territories - Allied Military Government for Occupied Territories).

23 September. Announcement of Mussolini on the continuation of the fascist government in the north of Italy (Italian Social Republic or the Salo Republic).

September 25th. Parts of the Red Army capture Smolensk and go to the Dnieper line. Losses in the Smolensk operation: Soviet - 450 thousand; German - 70 thousand (in German data) or 200-250 thousand (according to Soviet).

October 7th. New large Soviet offensive from Vitebsk to the Taman Peninsula.

October 19-30. Third Moscow Conference of the Three Great Powers. It involves ministers of foreign affairs: Molotov, Eden and Cordell Hull. At this Conference, the United States and England promise to open the second (except Italian) front in Europe in spring 1944; Four Great Powers (including China) sign "Declaration on Universal Security", where for the first time together proclaimed the formula of the unconditional surrender of fascist states as an indispensable condition for the termination of war; The European Consultative Commission (from representatives of the USSR, USA and England) is being created to discuss issues related to the capitulation of the Axis states.

End of october. Dnepropetrovsk and Melitopol are taken by the Red Army. Crimea is cut off.

November 6th. Liberation of Kiev from the Germans. Losses in the Kiev operation: Soviet: 118 thousand, German - 17 thousand

November 9. Congress of representatives of the 44th United Nations in Washington (November 9 - December 1).

the 13th of November. Liberation from the Germans of Zhytomyr. On November 20, Zhytomyr is offended by the Germans - and again released on December 31.

November December. Unsuccessful counteroffensive manstein on Kiev.

November 28 - December 1. Tehran conference (Roosevelt - Churchill - Stalin) decides to open the second front in the West - and not in the Balkans, but in France; Western allies agree to confirm and after the war, the Soviet-Polish border of 1939 (according to the "Line of Kerzon"); They veiled agreed to recognize the balkalics into the USSR; In general, the proposal of Roosevelt is approved to create a new global organization in return for the same League of Nations; Stalin promises after the defeat of Germany to join the war against Japan.

December 24th. General Eisenhuer was appointed Supreme Commander of the Second Fright Army in the West.

1944 year.

January 24 - February 17. Korsun-Shevchenkovskaya operation leads to a surrounding of 10 German divisions in the Dnieper's radiation.

March 29. The Red Army occupies Chernivtsi, and on the eve of near this city enters the territory of Romania.

April 10th. Odessa taken by the Red Army. The first rewards with the Order of the "Victory": he was received by Zhukov and Vasilevsky, and on April 29 - and Stalin.

The Second World War. Russian steam rink

May 17th. After 4-month fierce fighting, the Allied troops break through the line of Gustav in Italy. Fall Cassino.

June 6. . Union landing in Normandy (Operation "Overlord"). Opening of the second front to Western Europe.

AT june 1944. The number of the current Soviet Army reaches 6.6 million; It has 13 thousand aircraft, 8 thousand tanks and sau, 100 thousand guns and mortars. The ratio of forces on the Soviet-German front for personnel of 1.5: 1 in favor of the Red Army, on tools and mortars 1.7: 1, on aircraft 4.2: 1. In terms of tanks, the power is about equal.

June 23. . Start of operation "Bagration" (June 23 - August 29, 1944) - liberation of the Red Army of Belarus.