Shukshin graduated. Vasily Shukshin: biography

Soviet writer, film director, screenwriter and actor Vasily Makarovich Shukshin was born on July 25, 1929 in the village of Srostki, Biysky District, Altai Territory.

His parents were peasants. In 1933, the father was arrested. Left with two young children, the 22-year-old Maria Shukshina soon married again a fellow villager Pavel Kuksin, who died at the front in 1942.

In 1944, after graduating from the seven classes of the Srostkinsky school, Vasily entered the Biysk Automotive Technical School, but was later forced to drop out of school in order to feed his family.

In the homeland of the writer and director in the village of Srostki on Mount Piket, he was erected a monument to the work of Vyacheslav Klykov.

2009 in the Altai Territory was declared the Year of Shukshin.

Vasily Shukshin was married to actress Lydia Fedoseyeva-Shukshina. From this marriage he left two daughters, Maria and Olga.

The director also has a daughter Ekaterina from Victoria Sofronova, the daughter of the writer Anatoly Sofronov.

The material is based on information from RIA News and public sources.

Vasily Shukshin, whose biography will be reflected in this article, was an incredible person who tried to keep everything in his life, as if he had a presentiment of his early departure. He managed, despite all the difficulties, to achieve his goals and tell people his innermost thoughts through literary and cinematographic works.

Childhood and youth

Nobody expected from a boy from the far Altai region what he showed to everyone. Born in the village of Srostki before the war, in 1929, Vasily Makarovich had to learn the fate of his ancestors and work all his life on earth. But Shukshin was not an ordinary person, he did not agree to go with the flow and allowed himself to dream.

In 1933, his family suffered a terrible tragedy. Makar Leontyevich, the head of the clan and the breadwinner, was arrested and soon shot. To save her children from the wrath of the authorities, mother Maria Sergeyevna gave them her maiden name - Popova.

In the midst of the war, Vasily graduated from the seven-year-old and went to Biysk to enter the technical school. Two and a half years life Shukshin flowed measured, and then he quit his studies and returned to his native Srostki.

Start of employment

It is not surprising that in the late 40s there was always not enough money, more precisely, there simply was not. Therefore, the young man decided to leave closer to the European part of the country. Not having a special education, Vasily Shukshin, whose biography is a story about the life of an ordinary Soviet person, began to work as a mechanic at various factories (in Kaluga, in Vladimir, in the Moscow region). And in 1949, he was drafted into the army.

In 1953, Shukshin was dismissed from the Navy due to a stomach disease. And again he was in his native land. In Srostka he passed the exam for the certificate of maturity, which allowed him to go to work as a teacher. He chose Russian language and literature as his career, but, by his own admission, he was not the best teacher. In the same Srostkinskoy school for some time served as director.

But even such spiritual work (and Shukshin loved children very much!) Could not satisfy all the ambitions of the young man.

Moscow

In 1954, Shukshin, for whom Altai was everything, decided to go to the capital to conquer Moscow. There was no money even on the road, so the mother, who was trying to support her son in everything, had to sell the cow's wet nurse.

Vasily Shukshin, whose biography is an example of how human life can change abruptly, in 1954 entered the VGIK on a course to Romm, although he originally planned to take a screenwriting department. With success he graduated from high school in 1960.

But even during his studies began his career as an actor. The first work of Vasily Makarovich was an episode in "The Quiet Don", and two years later he played the main role in the film "Two Feodor".

Literary activity

Shukshin wrote his first stories while still a sailor of the Baltic Fleet, and his colleagues read them. Well, he really started writing career only in Moscow, when the head of the director's course, Mikhail Romm, advised him to publish in magazines.

"Change" in 1958 released his first edited story "Two on a Cart." In 1963, the New World magazine took over the baton. On its pages appeared the stories "Grinka Malyugin" and "Cool driver."

In the same year, Vasily Shukshin became the author of the book published by the Young Guard.

Vasily Shukshin, whose books have become popular with readers, was approvingly accepted by literary critics. Many noted that they had not previously encountered such sincerity and love for their heroes. The writer struck them with his plasticity, vigilance and life sense.

Vasily Shukshin, whose books are a reflection of Soviet village reality, very responsibly approached. His first novel he conceived back in the 1950s. And when he was in Srostki, he talked with old-timers for a long time, wrote down all the family stories and legends. Therefore, the Lyubavins are, in fact, a book about family legends, about the difficult times of the kulaks and collectivization, from which Shukshin’s family also suffered. Researchers have no doubt that all the heroes of the book have their own prototypes in real life.

The second novel of the writer for a very long time was in development. Vasily Shukshin, whose biography has never been the subject of gossip, collected material, used archives and museums of different cities, because Stepan Razin was the hero of his book. In it, Shukshin saw the patron of the peasantry, the seeker of justice and the ideal keeper of the will of the common people.

The book was published in parts in journals, and only in 1974 it was published fully by the Soviet Writer Publishing House.

Cinema

After graduating from high school, Shukshin began working as a director for his first film, “From Lebyazhego Notify”, he shot while still a student - this was his excellent thesis.

In 1964, a film based on the first stories of Shukshin was released, “Such a Guy Lives”. In the same year, he won the Venetian Lion as the best film for children.

In addition, Shukshin played 28 roles. He never had a shortage of such proposals, but he tried to devote more time to directing. It was for this reason that Vasily Makarovich was forced to appear in the film “They Fought for the Motherland” by Bondarchuk. Goskino set tough conditions for Shukshin, and in the event of a rejection of the role, they could have banned the production of a film about Stepan Razin - the film the director had dreamed of for many years.

The films of Vasily Shukshin have always been particularly emotional, and the characters performed by him are the personification of all Russian life.

As a director, Shukshin became the author of six pictures, and among them “Pechki-Bench”, which Vasily Makarovich considered his best work.

"Red viburnum"

The 1974 film was the last one shot by the director, but at the same time his first color one.

This is another picture of Shukshin about Soviet reality. It deals with the recently freed thief Yegor Prokudin, who comes to the village to his beloved Luba and begins to re-equip his life. He has good friends, a big family ... It would seem that fate is getting better. But the old friends in the colony do not want to leave Yegor alone, so he has to fight for his happiness and the life of an honest person.

“Kalina Krasnaya” is a film which German director Rainer Fassbinder called his favorite film. The tape received several cinematic prizes.

It is noteworthy that the film was released almost without edits, which were required by the State Committee for Foreign Affairs, that is, it turned out to be realistic. And all because Shukshin's ulcer worsened, and the commission, fearing the death of the director, decided to skip the movie without strict censorship.

Films of Vasily Shukshin raise deep moral problems and demonstrate true Russian moral values.

Death

The death of Vasily Makarovich was a huge blow to his friends, relatives, and for the entire Soviet Union.

This happened in October 1974, when Shukshin was on the set of the film "They Fought for the Motherland". The actor Georgy Burkov found the lifeless body of his friend. As it turned out later, the life of a talented person was interrupted due to a heart attack. Vasily Shukshin was only forty five years old.

Family

The birthplace of Vasily Shukshin has always been a part of his life, he could not breathe the local air and talk to the people there. It was in Altai that he met her first love, Maria Shumskaya, who worked as a teacher. They signed in 1955, but Maria refused to go with her husband to Moscow. And this was her mistake.

In 1957, Shukshin asked his wife for a divorce, but Shumskaya categorically refused him. In fact, this marriage has never been terminated. Vasily Makarovich deliberately lost his passport so that the new one would not have a stamp about an ill-fated marriage.

Then he married Victoria Sofronova, who bore him a daughter, Catherine. But this union did not become durable. From 1964 he was married to actress Lydia Chaschina, from whom she eventually left for another actress - Lydia Fedoseyeva.

And now the last marriage was the happiest for Vasily Makarovich, although, again, not long, but death itself had already intervened. Lydia and Vasily had two daughters - Maria and Olga, who became actresses.

He was considered the most popular Soviet director. Vasily Shukshin created films about ordinary people living in the countryside, about their troubles and joys, about life and death. Literary and on-screen works were a mirror reflection of Soviet reality and are understandable to most Russian people. It is not surprising that the famous actor and director was so popular with ordinary workers of our country. He himself also loved, the people deeply understood and dedicated all his creativity to him.

All 10 photos

Biography

Vasily was born in 1929, in the town of Srostki, near the town of Biisk (Altai Territory). Birthday of the future famous director - July 25. His parents were simple Siberian peasants. Father was shot during the period of collectivization, after his death, mother Maria Sergeyevna remarried. As a child, Shukshin did not even think about an artistic or directing career. After seven years of training in a village school, Vasily went to Biysk, where he passed the exams at the automotive technical school, where he studied for a little more than two years.

He did not complete his studies at the technical school and returned to Srostki in 1945.

There, Vasya began to work in the local collective farm, but two years later he changed his line of business and went to the locksmiths. The work required a lot of moves. First an enterprise in Kaluga, then in Vladimir, then in Butovo, from where Vasily Shukshin in 1949 was sent to the ranks of the Armed Forces of the USSR. The future famous director came to the fleet, initially serving in the Baltic, then in the Black Sea.

As a sailor, Shukshin began to write poems and stories, to share the fruits of creativity with fellow soldiers. He was demobilized in 1953, returned to his homeland, in Srostki. He received a certificate of secondary education, having passed the exams as an external student, and got a job in a rural school of working youth: first he taught Russian, then he headed the school.

But Vasily Shukshin was directing for only a few months. He was captured by the idea of ​​conquering the capital. In Moscow, he managed to get into VGIK. Studying at the faculty of directing, Shukshin does not abandon literary work and even begins to be printed in reputable publications. In 1958, his first publication appeared in Smena. It was the story "Two on the cart."

Shukshina can be counted among the writers of a small genre. He is the author of many stories and short stories, but the major novels have written only two in his life.

The film career of the famous actor and director began with a small role in the film “Quiet Don” (1956). The turning point of the cinematic life of Vasily Makarovich was the appearance on the wide screen of the film “Two Feodor” (1958). There he embodied the image of the main character, the original artist was noticed and began to be invited to other paintings.

But just the acting fate of Shukshin was not enough; he wanted to create his own film histories. And realized this dream. So, the picture “From Lebyazhyi is reported” is the first creation, which the artist himself directed. Screenplay for the film, he also wrote himself. The tape was a success, and many-sided talent began to create new projects.

There are only six such fully Shukshin cinematographic works, but each of them is a real work of art. Along with his own projects, the actor starred in other directors. He brilliantly played over 30 roles, each character embodied in them was remembered and loved by the audience. Nationwide love was expressed in an abundance of awards and regalia: in the RSFSR he was recognized as an honored art worker, awarded a state award. He also won the Lenin Prize.

Vasily Makarovich lived for the sake of cinema and greatly undermined his health. From the mid-70s, he suffered from stomach ulcers, bouts of illness covered him while working on the “Kalina Krasnaya” ribbon. And the actor did not survive the filming of the film “They Fought for the Motherland”. After another double October 2, 1974, he fell to the deck. Already dead artist discovered his friend and colleague George Burkov. Shukshin was only 45.

Literary and cinematographic creativity outlived its creator. According to his works, new films are being made, and old pictures delight regular fans and find fans among young people. Shukshin streets appeared in Russian cities, documentaries were made about outstanding talent.

Personal life

Vasily Shukshin was married four times. For the first time after the army, he married a fellow villager, Maria Shumskaya, but their paths soon diverged. Then the artist had an affair with Bella Akhmadulina. Then - an official marriage with Victoria Safronova. He also did not exist for a long time, and Shukshin again went to the registry office - with the actress Lydia Alexandrova.

The fateful meeting with Lydia Fedoseeva changed everything. Two creative people immediately reached out to each other, it was love at first sight. Soon the lovers got married. Vasily and Lydia were always together: at home and on the set. They were separated by the death of a famous director, after which, in memory of her husband, the actress took a second name. Married to Victoria Safronova, Shukshin had a daughter, Katerina. And Lydia Fedoseeva presented him with two daughters - Maria and Olga. They both followed in the footsteps of their parents and made an artistic career.

Name:Vasiliy Shukshin (Vasiliy Shukshin)

Date of Birth:   July 25, 1929

Age:    45 years

Date of death:   October 2, 1974

Place of Birth:   Splices

Activity:   Film director, actor, writer, artist

Vasily Shukshin: biography

Vasily Shukshin was born in the village of Srostki, Biysky district of the Altai Territory. Coming from a simple family of individual peasants or “middle peasants”, Vasily lost his father early: in the era of collectivization and repression of the 30s, Makar Leontyevich Shukshin was arrested and executed. All the worries about the family took the mother. After marrying for the second time, she continued raising children with her new spouse. In the future, Vasily Shukshin will warmly recall his stepfather as a man of great kindness.

After graduating from the seven-year school in his native village, Vasily Shukshin moved to neighboring Biysk in order to continue his studies at the automotive technical school. After studying there for two and a half years, but without having received a diploma, the future great director is forced to give up training, return home and start working to be able to support his family.

After not working for a long time on the collective farm of his native village, Vasiliy again changed his occupation and got a job as a mechanic. From the beginning of his work in 1946 until the time he was called up to the Navy in 1949, the young locksmith Shukshin managed to travel around many cities and enterprises.

It was during the army service as part of the Black Sea Fleet that Vasily Shukshin first became interested in literary work. In his leisure hours, he writes his first stories and reads them to his fellow soldiers. But he didn’t have to serve up to the end - for the first time the symptoms of gastric ulcer had affected. The attack was so severe that the medical commission declared it unfit for further service on the same day.

Upon returning home, Vasily Shukshin passed the secondary school final exams and started to work as a teacher of Russian. Later he was invited to the position of director of the school of working youth in his native village Srostki. However, according to the memoirs of Shukshin himself, he was a “unimportant” teacher. Teaching did not deceive him as the work of a lifetime. The future director felt a great desire to conquer the capital.

In 1955, Vasily Shukshin went to Moscow to enter the screenwriting department of VGIK. To give him the opportunity to get to the capital and use his chance, mother sold the cow and gave all the money to her son. Subsequently, an outstanding filmmaker recalled that because of the textural appearance, as well as because of the ambiguous impression he made on the admissions office, Shukshin was offered to act in an actor. But fate was different, and Vasily Shukshin chose the directing department for himself.

For the same period, there is a writer's debut - on the advice of his mentor Mikhail Ilyich, Romm Shukshin sends his literary works to the capital's publishing houses. Here, the first success was the publication of the magazine "Change" of his story "The Two on the Cart."

Films

At the same time begin shooting in the movies. Shukshin's first work was sporadic. In the film "Silent Don" he got a very small role of a sailor. But it served as a good start for an acting career, pushed for growth, and the next role of Shukshin in the film “Two Fyodor” was the main one.

Further proposals were not long in coming, and soon Shukshin-actor was much more successful than Shukshin-director. However, the main vocation of the master felt something more. He was attracted by the idea of ​​creating a full-fledged storyline on his own, a thorough study of each character and the subsequent embodiment of everything on the screen.

The first independent work "From Lebyazhiy reported" realized all the ambitions of the author - Vasily Shukshin appeared here as a screenwriter, director and actor. Yes, this picture was left without due attention by the critics, who found it somewhat boring, but the foundation of their own large-scale projects was laid.

His next full-length film, “Such a Guy Lives,” was made based on the previously published short stories “Cool Driver” and “Grinka Malyugin.” A classmate of Vasily for VGIK was invited to the main role. This work was a great success. Shukshina was noticed by public and critics. During this period his creative manner was fully formed.

The heroes, whom Shukshin portrayed in his works, are simple workers with difficult characters who find themselves in difficult situations. The theme of the common man is very close to the director, who has been both a collective farmer and a worker who deeply feels the people about whose life he writes. Shukshin-actor, according to critics, had the ability to look at the world through the eyes of his hero, deeply penetrating into all the complexities of his character. The director’s style of Shukshin was remembered by the audience by a certain external simplicity and restrained narrative manner.

In 1974, Shukshin's most famous film “Kalina Krasnaya”, the last author's work, appeared on the screens. The film received prestigious awards and positive reviews from critics. The story of Yegor Prokudin, released from prison and trying to start life anew, literally shook the public. Earlier in the Soviet Union did not shoot such stories, and after the premiere, the audience cried and applauded for a long time. The film won many awards at various film festivals.

Vasily Shukshin in the movie "Kalina Krasnaya"

Giving himself entirely to the shooting process, the director did not spare his health, and the frequent serious attacks of peptic ulcer had no effect on the working schedule.

Many ideas of the director never narrowed to the reality: the two-part picture devoted to the life of Stepan Razin and the peasant uprising did not receive permission to shoot. Vasily Shukshin was very keen on this topic - he outlined the original sources, studied the customs of the era, worked through the script and the plan of filming. For the sake of this idea, he even refused to participate in other films, making the main bet on “Stepan Razin”. At that time, the leadership of the State Committee for Cinematography found the big historical film to be untimely and very expensive, making it clear that filming was postponed for an indefinite period. Instead, he was assigned the picture "Stoves-benches" (1972).

Vasily Shukshin in the film "Stoves-benches"

Initially, the director planned to re-invite Leonid Kuravlev for the main role, but he refused and offered Shukshin to play himself. He did so, and the film received recognition from critics, who wrote and said that the role of Ivan Rastorguev was played delicately.

The next film, in which Shukshin was the leading man, was his last. Vasily Shukshin died suddenly during the final stage of filming the beloved film “They Fought for the Motherland” by everyone.

Literature

In parallel, Vasily Shukshin successfully combines cinematic work with literary. His book "Villagers" was released in 1963 by the publishing house "Young Guard". In total, Shukshin’s creative legacy has two full-fledged novels, while the main subject of creativity is fully disclosed in numerous stories and stories that served as the basis for subsequent cinematographic ideas.

Books Shukshina entered the golden fund of Soviet literature. The only story by Shukshin “To the third roosters” stands apart. In this work, the writer once again discusses the Russian peasantry, the mystery of the "Russian man."

Personal life

The first and only official wife of the director was Maria Ivanovna Shumskaya, with whom Vasily met in his youth. Unfortunately, their life paths diverged on the wedding day due to Maria Ivanovna’s refusal to go with Vasily to conquer Moscow. The young wife was frightened by the disorder of the future capital life. Leaving Maria in his native village, Shukshin went to Moscow himself and a few years later returned to ask for a divorce, as he fell in love with another.

At that time, he had long lived with Victoria Safronova, the daughter of the writer Anatoly Safronov. But Maria did not give her husband a divorce, to the end of her life remaining his only official wife. To get out of this situation, Vasily Shukshin even had to “lose” his passport. In 1965, Anastasia Sofronova gave birth to his daughter Katerina Shukshina.

In 1964, Shukshin married the actress Lydia Alexandrova, who performed the role in the film “There Lives a Guy”. Their marriage did not last long. According to the memoirs of Alexandrov, the cause of this was the love relations of the great director and alcohol abuse. So, it is known that Shukshin confessed his love Nonne Mardyukovahowever, Nonna Borisovna later told that they had never reached a serious relationship.

On the set of the film “What It Is, the Sea,” Vasily Shukshin meets an actress. For a long time, he cannot give preference to one woman and maintains relations with two at once. Lydia Fedoseeva bore him two daughters, Maria and Olga, staying close to her husband until the very last days of his life. Later, Shukshin’s daughters became famous actresses, and led the popular “Wait for Me” program.

Death

The mystery of Shukshin's death remained unsolved until the end. During the filming of the last film with his participation "They fought for their homeland," Shukshin observed another aggravation of peptic ulcer. At times the attacks were serious, according to eyewitness accounts, he walked as pale as death. According to the popular version, despite the fact that after the birth of children, Vasily Shukshin got stuck with alcohol, it was his addiction that killed him.

However, there is another version according to which Shukshina could have been poisoned. No one eventually told the truth, but the wife Lydia Fedoseeva-Shukshina recalled that her husband felt the danger and suggested that something could happen to him.

One day, the great director said that Shukshin could have been poisoned, because on the eve of filming, the actor was examined in the Kremlin hospital, and no serious pathologies were identified. According to rumors, in the cabin of the ship, where they found the body Shukshina, could put "infarction" gas, which leaves no trace of exposure. And the official version of death was just recognized a heart attack.

Vasily Makarovich Shukshin was buried on October 7, 1974 at the Novodevichy cemetery of the capital. A huge number of people came to the funeral, and everyone left a sprig of red viburnum on the grave. specially wrote the song: “In memory of Vasily Shukshin”. According to the memoirs of his wife, Shukshin believed that people began to hate each other more, therefore with his creativity he tried to make people remember about good.

Filmography

• Silent Don
• Two Fedor
• From Lebyazhiy report
• When the trees were big
• What is it, the sea?
• If you want to be happy
• I ask the words
• They fought for their homeland
• This guy lives
• Your son and brother
• Weird people
• Stove-shop
• Red viburnum

Bibliography

• Countrymen
• Lyubavin
• There away
• There is such a guy
• Characters