What does lincomycin help with? Side effects of lincomycin: reliable information Lincomycin capsules 250 mg instructions for use

Antibiotics are often used to treat various diseases. These drugs help to suppress the development of living cells in the body. The antibiotic Lincomycin is often used to treat dental diseases. What is this drug and how to use it correctly, what does it help from?

• tablets;
• capsules;
• ointment;
• ampoules for injection;
• self-absorbable patches.

The main component of the drug is, most importantly, the active substance lincomycin. Also in the composition of the antibiotic there are other excipients. It is an antimicrobial agent belonging to the group of lincosamides. The drug has a bacteriostatic effect against a wide range of bacteria. If the drug is used in large doses, it is able to show bactericidal properties.

This drug exhibits a mechanism of action in inhibiting the process of protein synthesis in a microbial cell. The antibiotic is effective against many bacterial microorganisms, such as Shigella, which causes bacillary dysentery. However, with viral fungal diseases, it is ineffective and even harmful, since it is intended against bactericidal infections.

In the treatment of dental diseases, it is difficult to do without the drug Lincomycin. Dozens of types of microorganisms are constantly in the oral cavity. If the body is healthy, it does not allow them to multiply beyond measure and prevents inflammatory processes. The balance will be disturbed with dental problems:

To cope with them, you need an antibiotic. After a full course of antibiotic therapy, the volume of bacteria begins to decrease sharply and returns to normal. Saliva becomes healthy again and is able to control the activity and volume of microorganisms.

The drug Lincomycin effectively helps with many lesions of the oral cavity and other organs:

• for the treatment of ENT and respiratory organs;
• infectious diseases of the joints and bones, if they are provoked by the activity of microorganisms sensitive to the drug;
• diseases of the skin of an infectious nature, soft tissues due to sensitivity to the drug Lincomycin microorganisms, as well as infected purulent wounds, abscesses, boils, mastitis, erysipelas, etc.

In dentistry, the drug is used for infections and purulent processes of the maxillofacial apparatus. He prevents infection of soft tissues when implanting implants.

Side effects and contraindications

If there is a high sensitivity to antibiotics of the lincosamide group, then the use of Lincomycin is unacceptable. It should not be taken by children under 6 years of age. The drug is contraindicated during pregnancy and lactation of nursing mothers. The drug should not be taken in diseases of the liver and kidneys.

In some patients, the use of Lincomycin can cause negative events:

• relaxation of skeletal muscles;
• rash on the skin surface;
• dizziness and weakness;
• fungal infections;
• disruptions in the digestive tract;
• thrombocytopenia;
• decrease in the number of leukocytes in the blood.

At the first sign of side effects after use, you should immediately consult a doctor. The specialist will be able to assess the risk and adjust the dosage of Lincomycin.

Instructions for use

Do not take Lincomycin without a doctor's prescription. The dosage of the drug will depend on its form of release and the disease.

It is prescribed in capsules 500 mg 3-4 times a day with a duration of treatment of 1-2 weeks. With osteomyelitis, Lincomycin is taken in tablets for 3 weeks or more. The drug in capsules and tablets should be taken a few hours before meals with a small amount of water or other liquid.

According to the instructions, intravenous injections are administered at 600 mg up to two times a day. You can also take Lincomycin hydrochloride intravenously by drip at 600 mg several times a day.

For children from 6 years of age, the drug is prescribed with a daily dose of 30-60 mg per 1 kg of body weight of the child. Also, if necessary, injections can be given to children every 8-12 hours with a dosage of 10-20 mg per 1 kg of body weight.

In the form of an ointment, Lincomycin is applied to the skin with a thin layer and directly on the affected areas of the body several times a day. The ointment is used with caution, especially for fungal skin lesions and dermatomycosis.

More recently, patches with lincomycin have appeared - the film Diplen Dent L. The film looks like a self-adhesive and self-absorbable patch. This is an excellent tool for application to the affected area of ​​the mucous membrane. The film is glued with a therapeutic gel to the area affected by inflammation. It is an effective tool after surgery in the oral cavity.

Due to the pharmaceutical properties of Lincomycin, its cannot be combined with certain drugs:

• Kanamycin;
• Novobiocin;
• calcium gluconate;
• Heparin;
• Barbiturate;
• magnesium sulfate;
• Ampicillin;
• Theophylline.

Patients should always comply with the prescribed dosage and all the rules for taking the drug. To obtain an effective result in treatment, you cannot increase or decrease the single or daily dose of the drug on your own.

Benefits of Lincomycin

Regardless of the form of release of the drug, Lincomycin actively manifests its effect. The positive qualities of the antibiotic include:

Patients report a positive result after using the antibiotic Lincomycin almost immediately. It is considered one of the most effective drugs in the treatment of dental diseases. Dentists often prescribe it to their patients if there are no contraindications and it does not cause side effects.

With an increase in the therapeutic dose, pathogenic microorganisms die immediately. Pathogenic bacteria do not have time to adapt to the main active substance. The drug has a rapid antimicrobial effect and allows you to get rid of infectious diseases in a short time. With dental diseases, it helps to quickly and effectively eliminate purulent and inflammatory processes.

Composition and form of release of the drug

Capsules hard gelatin No. 0: body white, opaque, cap green, opaque; the contents of the capsules are a mixture of powder and granules of white or almost white color with a slight characteristic odor; it is allowed to compact the contents of the capsules into lumps that are easily destroyed by pressure.

Excipients: sucrose - 52.5 mg, potato starch - 10.5 mg, magnesium stearate - 3.5 mg.

The composition of the capsule body: titanium dioxide - 2%, gelatin - up to 100%.
The composition of the capsule cap: azorubin dye - 0.0016%, brilliant black dye - 0.0958%, patented blue dye - 0.1642%, quinoline yellow dye - 1.1496%, titanium dioxide - 1.3333%, gelatin - up to 100%.

5 pieces. - blister packs (1) - cardboard packs.
5 pieces. - blister packs (2) - cardboard packs.
5 pieces. - blister packs (3) - cardboard packs.
5 pieces. - blister packs (4) - cardboard packs.
5 pieces. - blister packs (5) - cardboard packs.
6 pcs. - blister packs (1) - cardboard packs.
6 pcs. - blister packs (2) - cardboard packs.
6 pcs. - blister packs (3) - cardboard packs.
6 pcs. - blister packs (4) - cardboard packs.
6 pcs. - blister packs (5) - cardboard packs.
10 pieces. - blister packs (1) - cardboard packs.
10 pieces. - blister packs (2) - cardboard packs.
10 pieces. - blister packs (3) - cardboard packs.
10 pieces. - blister packs (4) - cardboard packs.
10 pieces. - blister packs (5) - cardboard packs.
10 pieces. - polyethylene terephthalate cans (1) - cardboard packs.
20 pcs. - polyethylene terephthalate cans (1) - cardboard packs.
30 pcs. - polyethylene terephthalate cans (1) - cardboard packs.
40 pcs. - polyethylene terephthalate cans (1) - cardboard packs.
50 pcs. - polyethylene terephthalate cans (1) - cardboard packs.
100 pieces. - polyethylene terephthalate cans (1) - cardboard packs.

pharmachologic effect

An antibiotic of the lincosamide group. In therapeutic doses, it acts bacteriostatically. At higher concentrations, it has a bactericidal effect. Suppresses protein synthesis in the microbial cell.

It is active mainly against aerobic gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus spp. (including strains producing penicillinase), Streptococcus spp. (including Streptococcus pneumoniae / except for Enterococcus faecalis /), Corynebacterium diphtheriae; anaerobic bacteria Clostridium spp., Bacteroides spp.

Lincomycin is also active against Mycoplasma spp.

Most gram-negative bacteria, fungi, viruses, and protozoa are resistant to lincomycin. Resilience develops slowly.

Between lincomycin and cross-resistance exists.

Pharmacokinetics

After oral administration, 30-40% is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Eating slows down the rate and extent of absorption. Lincomycin is widely distributed in tissues (including bone) and body fluids. Penetrates through the placental barrier. Partially metabolized in the liver. T1 / 2 is about 5 hours. It is excreted unchanged and as metabolites with urine, bile and feces.

Indications

Severe infectious and inflammatory diseases caused by microorganisms sensitive to lincomycin, incl. sepsis, osteomyelitis, septic endocarditis, pneumonia, lung abscess, pleural empyema, wound infection. As a reserve antibiotic for infections caused by strains of staphylococcus and other gram-positive microorganisms resistant to penicillin and other antibiotics.

For external use: purulent-inflammatory skin diseases.

Contraindications

Severe violations of the liver and / or kidneys, pregnancy, lactation, hypersensitivity to lincomycin and clindamycin.

Dosage

When ingested by adults - 500 mg 3-4 times / day or intramuscularly - 600 mg 1-2 times / day. 600 mg is administered intravenously in 250 ml of isotonic solution or glucose 2-3 times / day.

For external use, apply a thin layer to the affected areas of the skin.

Side effects

From the digestive system: nausea, vomiting, epigastric pain, diarrhea, glossitis, stomatitis; transient increase in the level of hepatic transaminases and bilirubin in the blood; with prolonged use in high doses, the development of pseudomembranous colitis is possible.

From the hematopoietic system: reversible leukopenia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia.

Allergic reactions: urticaria, exfoliative dermatitis, angioedema, anaphylactic shock.

Effects due to chemotherapeutic action: candidiasis.

Local reactions: phlebitis (with a / in the introduction).

With rapid on / in the introduction: decrease in blood pressure, dizziness, general weakness, relaxation of skeletal muscles.

drug interaction

With simultaneous use with penicillins, cephalosporins, chloramphenicol, or antagonism of the antimicrobial action is possible.

With simultaneous use with aminoglycosides, a synergism of action is possible.

With simultaneous use with drugs for inhalation anesthesia or muscle relaxants of peripheral action, there is an increase in neuromuscular blockade, up to the development of apnea.

Taking antidiarrheal drugs reduces the effect of lincomycin.

Pharmaceutical interaction

Pharmaceutically incompatible with ampicillin, barbiturates, theophylline, heparin and magnesium sulfate.

Lincomycin is incompatible in the same syringe or dropper with kanamycin or novobiocin.

special instructions

In case of impaired liver and / or kidney function, a single dose of lincomycin should be reduced by 1 / 3-1 / 2 and the interval between injections should be increased. With prolonged use, systematic monitoring of kidney and liver function is necessary.

If pseudomembranous colitis develops, lincomycin should be discontinued and vancomycin or bacitracin should be given.

Pregnancy and lactation

Lincomycin crosses the placental barrier and is excreted in breast milk. Use during pregnancy is contraindicated. If necessary, use during lactation should decide on the termination of breastfeeding.

Application in childhood

Children aged 1 month to 14 years inside - 30-60 mg / kg / day; IV drip is administered at a dose of 10-20 mg/kg every 8-12 hours.

For impaired renal function

Contraindicated in severe renal impairment.

In case of impaired renal function, a single dose of lincomycin should be reduced by 1/3 - 1/2 and the interval between injections should be increased. With prolonged use, systematic monitoring of kidney function is necessary.

For impaired liver function

Contraindicated in severe liver dysfunction.

In case of impaired liver function, a single dose of lincomycin should be reduced by 1/3 - 1/2 and the interval between injections should be increased. With prolonged use, systematic monitoring of liver function is necessary.

Structural formula

Russian name

Latin name of the substance Lincomycin

Lincomycinum ( genus. Lincomycini)

chemical name

(2S-trans)-Methyl-6,8-dideoxy-6-[[(1-methyl-4-propyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)carbonyl]amino]-1-thio-D-erythro-alpha-D-galacto- octopyranoside (and as monohydrochloride)

Gross formula

C 18 H 34 N 2 O 6 S

Pharmacological group of the substance Lincomycin

Nosological classification (ICD-10)

CAS code

154-21-2

Characteristics of the substance Lincomycin

An antibiotic of the lincomycin (lincosamide) group produced by Streptomyces lincolnensis or other related actinomycetes. White or almost white crystalline powder with a bitter taste. Easily soluble in water, difficult in alcohol.

Pharmacology

pharmachologic effect- antibacterial.

Suppresses protein synthesis of bacteria due to reversible binding to the 50S subunit of ribosomes, disrupts the formation of peptide bonds. Effective against Gram-positive microorganisms ( Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., incl. Streptococcus pneumoniae, Corynebacterium diphtheriae), some anaerobic spore-forming bacteria ( Clostridium spp.) and Gram-negative anaerobes ( Bacteroides spp., Mycoplasma spp.). Acts on microorganisms (especially Staphylococcus spp.) resistant to other antibiotics. Not sensitive to lincomycin Enterococcus spp.(incl. Enterococcus faecalis), gram-negative microorganisms, fungi, viruses, protozoa. Inferior in activity to erythromycin against spore-forming anaerobes, Neisseria spp., Corynebacterium spp. Resistance develops slowly. Cross-resistance exists between lincomycin and clindamycin. In therapeutic doses it has a bacteriostatic effect, in higher and in relation to highly sensitive microorganisms - bactericidal.

When taken orally on an empty stomach, approximately 20-30% of the dose is absorbed (food intake significantly reduces absorption, bioavailability when taken after meals is 5%), C max in the blood is reached after 2-4 hours. It is well and quickly distributed into most tissues and fluids organism (except for cerebrospinal fluid), high concentrations are created in bile and bone tissue. Poor passes through the BBB. Passes quickly through the placenta, the concentration in the serum of the fetus is 25% of the concentration in the mother's blood. Penetrates into breast milk. Metabolized in the liver. T 1 / 2 with normal kidney function - 4-6 hours, with kidney disease in the terminal stage - 10-20 hours, with impaired liver function T 1 / 2 increases by 2 times. It is excreted unchanged and in the form of metabolites with bile and kidneys. When administered orally, 30-40% of the dose is excreted unchanged in the faeces within 72 hours. Hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis are not effective in removing lincomycin from the body.

The use of the substance Lincomycin

Infectious and inflammatory diseases of a severe course caused by susceptible microorganisms (primarily staphylococci and streptococci, especially microorganisms resistant to penicillins, as well as when allergic to penicillins): infections of the lower respiratory tract (including aspiration pneumonia, lung abscess, pleural empyema ), otitis, infections of bones and joints (acute and chronic osteomyelitis, purulent arthritis), purulent infections of the skin and soft tissues (pyoderma, furunculosis, phlegmon, erysipelas, wound infection).

Contraindications

Hypersensitivity, severe hepatic and / or renal failure, early infancy (up to 1 month).

Application restrictions

Fungal diseases of the skin, mucous membranes of the oral cavity, vagina; myasthenia gravis (for parenteral administration, additionally).

Use during pregnancy and lactation

Contraindicated in pregnancy (except when necessary for health reasons).

At the time of treatment should stop breastfeeding.

Side effects of Lincomycin

From the digestive tract: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, glossitis, stomatitis, transient hyperbilirubinemia, increased activity of hepatic transaminases; with prolonged use - gastrointestinal candidiasis, antibiotic-associated diarrhea, pseudomembranous enterocolitis.

From the side of the hematopoietic organs: reversible leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia.

Allergic reactions: urticaria, exfoliative dermatitis, angioedema, anaphylactic shock.

Others: local reactions with a / in the introduction - phlebitis; with rapid on / in the introduction - a decrease in blood pressure, dizziness, asthenia, relaxation of skeletal muscles.

Interaction

Antagonism is possible with simultaneous use with erythromycin, chloramphenicol, ampicillin and other bactericidal antibiotics, synergism with aminoglycosides. Antidiarrheal drugs reduce the effect of lincomycin (the interval between their use should be at least 4 hours). Enhances the effect of drugs for inhalation anesthesia, muscle relaxants and opioid analgesics, increasing the risk of neuromuscular blockade and respiratory arrest. Pharmaceutically incompatible with kanamycin.

Routes of administration

Inside, in / in, in / m, locally.

Precautions Substance Lincomycin

Should not be combined with muscle relaxants. In severe infections, lincomycin is combined with aminoglycosides or other antibiotics that act on Gram-negative bacteria. Appointment to patients with liver failure is permissible only for health reasons. With prolonged use, systematic monitoring of kidney and liver function is necessary. If pseudomembranous colitis develops, the drug is discontinued and vancomycin or bacitracin is prescribed. Rapid intravenous administration should be avoided. When applied topically, care should be taken in dermatomycosis.

Interactions with other active substances

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Trade names

Name	The value of the Wyshkovsky Index ®

1 ampoule contains lincomycin hydrochloride in terms of lincomycin - 300 mg (0.3 g);

Excipients: disodium salt of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (trilon B), sodium hydroxide solution 0.1 M, water for injection.

Release form

Injection.

Pharmacological group

macrolides and lincosamides. ATC code J01F F02.

Pharmacological properties

Pharmacological. Lincomycin hydrochloride in therapeutic doses inhibits the development of gram-positive microorganisms: staphylococci, including those producing penicillinase, streptococci (including pneumococci), diphtheria corynebacteria and some anaerobes (causative agents of gas gangrene, tetanus). Lincomycin is active against microorganisms, especially staphylococci resistant to other antibiotics. It is also active against bacteroids and mycoplasmas.

Most Gram-negative bacteria, fungi and viruses are not affected. The resistance of microorganisms to lincomycin develops slowly. However, cross-resistance to it and clindomycin has been established.

Pharmacokinetics. It is well absorbed, penetrates into various organs and tissues, including bone, as well as into the placenta. Poorly penetrates the blood-brain barrier, but permeability increases with meningitis.

After the introduction of 600 mg of lincomycin, the maximum concentration (20 μg/ml) in serum is observed after 30 minutes, the MIC is maintained for 14 hours.

Contacts proteins for 25 - 75%.

Lincomycin is partially metabolized in the liver and excreted in the bile.

The period of drinking is 5-6 hours, it increases in violation of the function of the liver and / or kidneys.

Indications

Lincomycin hydrochloride is used in the treatment of purulent-inflammatory diseases caused by gram-positive bacteria sensitive to its action, and especially in the treatment of severe diseases caused by these microbes resistant to other antibiotics.

Lincomycin hydrochloride is prescribed for acute and chronic osteomyelitis, staphylococcal and streptococcal septicemia, pneumonia (especially staphylococcal), with purulent infections of the skin and soft tissues, erysipelas, purulent pleurisy, septic complications after operations on the vessels and heart, inflammation of the middle ear, septic endocarditis, arthritis, as an additional remedy in the treatment of diphtheria.

Dosage and administration

Lincomycin is prescribed intramuscularly and intravenously. Adults - intramuscularly 600 mg 1 - 2 times a day. Intravenous drip is administered at 600 mg in 250 ml of isotonic sodium chloride or glucose solution 2 to 3 times a day (infusion duration - at least an hour).

Children are injected intravenously (at a rate of 60-80 drops / min) at a dose of 10 - 20 mg / kg every 8 - 12 hours. The daily dose of lincomycin for children when administered is 15 - 30 mg / kg and is divided into two injections with interval of 12 hours.

The duration of treatment is determined by the clinical course of the disease and is usually 7-14 days.

With reduced kidney function, lincomycin is prescribed at a dose of 25-30% of the usual dose (daily dose should not exceed 1.8 g).

Side effect

With prolonged use of lincomycin, an increase in transaminase activity of blood serum is possible, nausea and vomiting can be observed candidomycosis, therefore, weakened patients are recommended to prescribe nystatin or levorin prophylactically simultaneously with lincomycin. When treatment is stopped, adverse reactions usually disappear.

On the part of the hematopoietic organs: neutropenia, leukopenia, agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenic purpura, very rarely - aplastic anemia and pancytopenia.

From the skin and mucous membranes: itching, rash, urticaria, vaginitis, in some cases - exfoliative and vesiculo dermatitis.

On the part of the liver: in isolated cases - jaundice, increased activity of serum transaminases.

Contraindications

Pregnancy (except when necessary for health reasons); in severe violations of the liver or kidneys, the drug is used with caution in reduced doses. Lincomycin should not be used in myasthenia gravis. You should not prescribe the drug during lactation (penetrates the placenta and is excreted in breast milk), children under 1 month of age.

Overdose

In case of an overdose, side effects from the gastrointestinal tract (abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea) may occur. Vomiting should be provoked, gastric lavage. Specific antidotes are not known.

Application features

Lincomycin should not be administered undiluted as a bolus, infusions should be carried out at the rate indicated in the "Dosage and Administration" section. In the event of prolonged diarrhea, the drug should be discontinued. With long-term treatment, it is necessary to periodically examine the function of the liver and kidneys, as well as the blood count. Drugs that suppress intestinal motility should be avoided. Although lincomycin penetrates into the cerebrospinal fluid during meningitis, its concentration may be insufficient, so the drug should not be used to treat meningitis. Lincomycin for injection should not be given to premature babies. In the case of mixed aerobic-anaerobic infections, lincomycin therapy can be combined with other antimicrobial agents.

The discovery of antibiotics has saved many lives. Some of these drugs are already outdated, new generations of drugs have come to replace them. Lincomycin is among those whose effectiveness has allowed its use for many years.

This drug is available in several forms - in tablets, capsules, in the form of a solution for injection and ointment.

Lincomycin is convenient to use and comes in two different strengths. 1 tablet or capsule may contain 250 or 500 mg of the active substance - lincomycin hydrochloride. Starch, calcium stearate and gelatin are used as excipients.

This a is effective against a number of bacterial microorganisms, including against Shigella, which causes bacillary dysentery. Taking the remedy for viral, fungal and protozoan lesions is absolutely ineffective and even harmful, since it is intended to fight bacterial infections.

Indications for use

Lincomycin tablets are active against microorganisms sensitive to it and are prescribed for the following diseases and conditions:

• Infections of the upper respiratory tract and ENT organs (, inflammation,). Also, this remedy is used as an auxiliary drug for the treatment of diphtheria.
• Infections of the lower respiratory tract (in the acute stage, chronic bronchitis at the time of exacerbation of the disease, pneumonia).
• Infections of the skin and soft tissues (wound infection, erysipelas, furunculosis and acne, abscess, felon, lymphadenitis, mastitis).
• Infections of the joints and bones (purulent form of arthritis, osteomyelitis).
• Bacterial disinteria.

Dosage for different ages

For children under the age of 14, lincomycin is prescribed at a dosage of 30 mg per kilogram of body weight per day. This dose should be divided into 3 to 4 doses. In severe cases, it is permissible to increase the dose to 60 mg per kg of the child's weight per day. The decision on prescribing the drug to children and the desired dosage is made exclusively by the doctor.

Adults are given 500 mg of the drug 3 times a day, maintaining equal intervals between doses (8 hours). In complex infections, the daily dose can be increased to 2 g, divided into 4 doses.

If the patient has problems with the kidneys or liver, the dosage is reduced by a third or twice and the intervals between doses are increased. To act faster and more efficiently, before and after taking it, you do not need to eat for 1-2 hours.

The decision on the duration of treatment is made by the doctor, but in severe cases it can last from 10 days to 3 weeks.

Contraindications:

• Allergic reactions and hypersensitivity to lincomycin.
• Myasthenia.
• Severe damage to the kidneys and liver.

Lincomycin tablets may cause