Treatment of retention cysts of both ovaries - symptoms of pathology. Variants and localization of functional ovarian cysts

Date: 16.04.2019

Retention cysts are cavities filled with fluid or blood. Despite the fact that they are benign and do not metastasize, these cysts can rupture and cause complications.

Therefore, every woman needs to know about this pathology in order to start prevention or treatment on time.

Retention cysts of one or both ovaries are common female pathologies, accounting for almost a fifth of all gynecological diseases.

Left

A retention cyst of the left ovary can develop after an abdominal injury, during the period of hormonal changes during puberty or the onset of menopause.

An increase in the level of androgens (male hormones) interferes with the maturation and release of the egg, causing retention formation of the left ovary. Inflammation of the appendages on the left is rarely characterized by severe symptoms, therefore, it is often detected only during examination.

Right

The retention cyst of the right ovary, as well as of the left, still does not have precisely determined causes. The most likely theory hypothesis is an imbalance in the pituitary hormones.

The provoking factors of the cyst of the right ovary can be nervous tension, constant stress, obesity or, conversely, underweight, inflammatory processes, transferred venereal diseases.

Retention disease of the right ovary can develop with hypothyroidism - a malfunction of the thyroid gland. If the doctor suspects that a woman has a cyst of the right ovary, early pregnancy and the likelihood of luteal formation should be ruled out.

With a sharp increase in the cyst of the right ovary, the symptoms intensify, you can see the asymmetry of the lower abdomen.

Causes

Retention ovarian formation is caused by various reasons:

earlier puberty, hormonal disruptions;
inflammation of the uterus - endometriosis, in which endometrial cells enter the ovary;
violation of the release of a mature egg from the follicle;
abortions, after which there may also be a drift of modified cells into the sex glands.

Types of retention cysts

Retention cysts can form on any internal organs - on the lips, lungs, salivary gland. Gynecologists find similar formations on the cervix, right or left ovary.

Read also: How to cure sclerocystic ovary syndrome

Depending on the location, ovarian retention cysts are subdivided into:

luteal - formed at the site of the corpus luteum;
paraovarian - formed from the ovarian appendages;
follicular - develop at the site of an unruptured follicle.

Symptoms

There are no obvious clinical manifestations with small retention formations. Pathology is often detected by chance - during a planned gynecological examination or diagnosis of other diseases of the pelvic organs.

Symptoms of a retention cyst with an increase in its size are characterized by:

discomfort, pain in the ovarian area;
violation of the menstrual cycle (change in timing, increased or scanty bloody discharge);
discomfort during sexual intercourse;
feeling of heaviness, bloating.

If the right ovary is damaged, a woman may be disturbed by nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and sometimes constipation. In these cases it is necessary to differentiate appendicitis. Acute conditions associated with rupture or torsion of the leg give symptoms of "acute abdomen" - peritonitis.

Diagnostics

The methods of diagnosing the disease are traditional:

gynecological examination, clarification of the anamnesis and complaints of the patient;
transvaginal ultrasound examination of the ovaries and other organs of the small pelvis.

Retention formation of the ovary must be differentiated from pregnancy, malignant neoplasms, or inflammatory diseases of the genitourinary organs. With a complicated course of the disease, MRI, CT, puncture of the contents of the neoplasm are prescribed.

Treatment

For the treatment of ovarian retention formation, conservative and surgical techniques are used. At the initial stages of the development of pathology, in addition to traditional therapy, traditional medicine is prescribed: candles, decoctions, infusions, tampons.

Kalanchoe candle

feathery Kalanchoe - has the most pronounced medicinal properties;
Kalanchoe Degremona - used in folk medicine;
Kalanchoe Blossfeld - has medicinal properties, but is more appreciated as decorative.

Recipe for candles: pick a few Kalanchoe leaves, rinse well with warm water, squeeze out the juice and mix it with corn flour. For elasticity, you can add a few drops of sea buckthorn oil. Cut the resulting tough dough into candles and freeze in the refrigerator.

Suppositories for the treatment of ovarian retention cysts should preferably be inserted into the vagina at night. In the morning, you can use a syringe with warm chamomile broth. The treatment lasts up to 2-3 months. Instead of candles, you can use hygienic tampons moistened with Kalanchoe juice.

Read also: Cyst of the right and left ovary - causes and symptoms

Hirudotherapy

The leech treatment method is safe and effective. The saliva of these unique worms contains biologically active substances, stimulates blood circulation.

The only discomfort that women experience with this procedure is the punctures with chitinous teeth of leeches in the skin in the epididymis.

The number of animals and the duration of the procedures are determined by the hirudotherapist individually for each woman.

Hirudotherapy is contraindicated in patients with low blood clotting.

Burdock juice swabs

Treatment with burdock juice is possible only in the spring-summer period. In August, the leaves of the plant wilt, so they cannot be used for treatment. Fresh leaves must be thoroughly washed from dust, squeezed out the juice, moistened with a cotton-gauze swab and inserted into the vagina at night.

Caution: When using candles or tampons for the first time, you should not use a large amount of juice - in some patients, plant components can cause discomfort in the form of itching, burning, swelling.

In this case, the treatment should be stopped, sprinkle with clean water or a decoction of chamomile. In case of a severe allergic reaction, immediately consult a gynecologist.

Mud treatment

Mud therapy belongs to the official methods of physiotherapy. But this method has many contraindications, so you cannot self-medicate.

Mud treatment should only take place in a physiotherapy department of a sanatorium or hospital.

Herbal preparations

Herbal medicine for retention formation is not a panacea, but an additional treatment. It is recommended to use tinctures and infusions, decoctions of borax uterus, celandine, thyme, marigold flowers, nettle leaves. Fresh juices of Kalanchoe or nettle, viburnum are useful.

Herbal treatment should be supervised by a gynecologist or phytotherapist. After the course of treatment with non-traditional methods, it is necessary to undergo a control ultrasound examination.

Complications

Some doctors believe that the most common complication is the retention cyst of the right ovary. It is formed earlier than in the left, it functions more actively.

The neoplasm of the left appendage can be complicated by the formation of the pedicle and its torsion, which leads to rupture of the capsule, blood loss, further necrosis of the compressed intestine, peritonitis.

In the literature, it is described as a tumor formation of the ovaries of a benign or malignant nature.

A benign character is determined by the absence of invasive (penetrating) growth into the surrounding tissues and metastasis to distant organs. Functional cysts are characterized by regular occurrence at certain periods of the menstrual cycle.
Malignant cyst formation occurs during cell degeneration and uncontrolled growth.

Benign tumors are more common in young women, while older women are more likely to develop a malignant process.

Usually, exceptional characteristics are not distinguished for the cyst of the right ovary. Manifestations and prognosis for life are determined by the type of cavity formation, its size. So, a functional cyst is not dangerous for life, but requires observation.

In most cases, single cysts of the right ovary are small in size. It is possible to detect numerous cavities - polycystic ovaries, simultaneous damage to the second ovary.

The structure is determined by the type of cystic formation. Patient management tactics can be expectant or include medical or surgical treatment.

Causes

Deviations in the hormonal background, including the regulation of endocrine organs at the level of the central nervous system.
Abortion.
Long-term emotional stress, exposure to chemicals, ionizing radiation, long-term unbalanced nutrition.
Concomitant inflammatory diseases of the genital organs.
Hereditary predisposition.

Classification

They are characterized by the general principles of the classification of cysts. Right ovarian cysts can be:

Single or multiple cysts of the right ovary,
Single-chamber or multi-chamber.
Functional.
Benign or malignant.

By the nature of the flow can be: uncomplicated or complicated.

Symptoms

In most, there are no clinical manifestations, since the lion's share is made up of functional cysts. Often, a cyst is an accidental finding during a routine examination.

The larger the cystic formation and the intensity of cyst growth, the more pronounced the clinical manifestations will be. May occur:

Pain sensations of varying intensity. Typical localization in the lower abdomen on the side of the cyst. Pain can change depending on physical activity, phase of the menstrual cycle.
Menstrual irregularities, bleeding, infertility.
Dysfunction of closely located organs - intestines or bladder.

The occurrence of complications is accompanied by a sharp deterioration in the clinical condition. The development of signs of acute surgical pathology is possible: sharp pain of significant intensity, muscle tension of the abdominal wall, nausea, vomiting, palpitations, profuse sweat, shock and others.

Diagnostics

To establish a diagnosis for any clinical data, additional studies are required:

Gynecological (two-handed) vaginal examination assesses the pain, mobility of the tumor formation. In the case of a significant cyst size, sometimes the patient can independently identify a volumetric formation located on the side or behind the uterus.

Ultrasound examination (ultrasound) with color Doppler mapping (determination of blood flow in the cyst area).

Ultrasound examination (echoscopy, ultrasound) is a widely used and affordable method for diagnosing and monitoring a cyst. Possesses high sensitivity in the detection of tumor formations. Used to identify and observe dynamics. According to Doppler ultrasound, the presence of blood flow in the cyst cavity is assessed (one of the differential signs between the benign and malignant origin of the cyst).

Endoscopic examination (usually hysteroscopic, or laparoscopic).

Hysteroscopy and laparoscopy are types of surgical endoscopic examination using special equipment for direct visual examination of the abdominal cavity and small pelvis, including for the detection of cysts. It is carried out using special equipment.

Usually not required as a routine examination, it is carried out in diagnostically difficult cases. It can be used directly for the surgical removal of the formation.

The need for conducting is determined by a specialist individually for each specific case. It is most often performed in diagnostically difficult cases to determine the nature and extent of the lesions.

The doctor may also prescribe biochemical blood tests, including the determination of the content of tumor markers, hormonal profile and others.

Treatment

The choice of treatment method is determined by the type of cyst. Can be assigned:

Drug therapy: sex hormones, steroids, symptomatic treatment: (anti-inflammatory therapy, analgesics) and others.
Surgical techniques for removing a cyst: endoscopic or abdominal surgery.
In some cases, it is possible to observe a volumetric education without the use of intensive treatment, the use of alternative methods of treatment. It is important that the decision on the choice of the method of treatment should be offered by a specialist.

Due to the large variety of types of cysts, there is no single way to eliminate the formation. It also takes into account not just the presence and size of a tumor formation, but also related factors: the patient's age, the condition of other genital organs, the presence of diseases of other organs and systems.

In the mode and nature of the diet, it is recommended to adhere to the general principles in the treatment of tumor formations:
- Limitation of heavy physical exertion, sexual activity, avoid hypothermia.
- Balanced nutrition, enrichment of the diet with plant fiber, vitamins of groups A, B, microelements.
- Correction of the emotional background. Eliminate long-term emotional stress.

Complications

The likelihood of complications increases in large cysts. May be:

Violation of menstrual function (delay or long and heavy periods).
Necrosis, torsion of the cyst, hemorrhage into the cyst cavity into the ovary or abdominal cavity.
Cyst ruptures, bleeding (external or internal).
Compression of nearby organs with dysfunction.
For some types of cysts, they are signs of malignant growth.

Prophylaxis

Includes general principles for ovarian cystic lesions:

Regular preventive examinations with a gynecologist with ultrasound examination (dynamic observation if necessary).
Timely identification and elimination of inflammatory diseases of the genital organs.
Avoid prolonged stressful conditions.
Identification and correction of metabolic disorders or hormonal imbalances.
Passage of blood tests for tumor markers (especially if tumors were detected in relatives).

Right ovarian cyst: causes of formation, types, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Often a woman is unaware of the existence of a cyst on the ovary, and then at the next visit to the gynecologist she learns about the pathology. The cyst is not dangerous as long as it is small. But it is not known when it will begin to increase, and then the complications are very serious. More often, a cyst is found on the right ovary. This is most likely due to the fact that he is better supplied with blood than the left one. That is why complications arise here more often. During treatment, everything is done so as not to deprive a young woman of the opportunity to become pregnant and to give birth safely.

Types of cysts

The ovarian cyst is a cavity formed by stretching the membrane in any part of it. There are several types of neoplasms that differ in the origin and nature of the content.

It is noticed that cysts on the right ovary occur more often than on the left. It functions more actively, as it is better supplied with blood due to its proximity to the abdominal artery. With the blood, hormones produced by the pituitary gland (FSH and LH) enter the ovaries, which directly regulate the processes occurring in them. In the right ovary, dominant follicles often mature. It produces hormones more actively.

Functional

There are two types of ovarian cysts: functional and non-functional.

Functional ones are directly related to the hormonal processes occurring in the ovaries, they are formed at a certain phase of the cycle. These include:

Follicular cyst. It forms in the membrane of the dominant follicle in the first phase of the cycle.
Luteal cyst. It occurs after ovulation in the corpus luteum, which forms in a burst follicle after the release of the egg.

The peculiarity is that functional cysts can disappear on their own after the hormonal background returns to normal. Typically, such cysts form on the right ovary.

Non-functional

Non-functional. Such neoplasms themselves do not disappear, they develop outside of connection with the cycle processes. These include:

Endometrioid. It is formed on the surface of the ovary when particles of the mucous membrane of the uterus enter it (the cause is endometriosis, which develops as a result of hormonal imbalance). Due to the uneven structure of the particles, gaps are formed in them, which are filled with menstrual blood. The coagulated blood is dark brown in color. Therefore, such an ovarian cyst is also called a chocolate cyst.
Paraovarial. Formed from a rudimentary ovarian epididymis. The cyst is connected to the body of the ovary by the leg, located near the fallopian tube. This is a congenital pathology that occurs in the embryo at the time of the formation of the reproductive organs. Tumor growth occurs after puberty.
Dermoid. It is formed during intrauterine development at the time of the formation of organs from the germ layers. Each of them contains cells of a certain type, from which various tissues of the body are created. Inside, hair, particles of skin, bones, and dental tissue are found.

Non-functional cysts on the right ovary are found at about the same frequency as on the left. Functional, as well as paraovarian neoplasms are retentional (formed by stretching the membrane with secretory fluid).

Video: How functional ovarian cysts are formed

Reasons for education

The main reason for the formation of functional ovarian cysts is a violation of the ratio of pituitary hormones and, accordingly, a failure in the development of the dominant follicle.

A follicular cyst occurs when there is an excess of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). The dominant follicle does not rupture, secretory fluid accumulates in it, in the end, a bubble up to 10 cm in diameter forms in its wall.

A corpus luteum cyst is formed if the blood level of luteinizing hormone, which stimulates its growth, is exceeded. The FSH / LH ratio can independently recover to normal within 2-3 cycles, in which case the functional cyst of the right ovary disappears. If this does not happen, then hormonal treatment is used to normalize the background.

The causes of such disorders are inflammatory and infectious diseases of the uterus and appendages, diseases of the thyroid gland and pituitary gland, improper metabolism, depletion of the body or obesity. The cause of hormonal imbalance can be stress and the presence of bad habits.

An endometrioid tumor occurs as a result of pathological proliferation of the endometrium with an excess of estrogen in the body. The violation is facilitated by the use of hormonal drugs for the purpose of contraception or replacement therapy. Contributes to the excessive proliferation of the endometrium, damage to the surface of the uterus during inflammatory processes, the formation of scars and adhesions after surgery (abortion, curettage).

Note: Particles of endometrium can be thrown into the abdominal cavity with blood if, for example, a woman has sex during her period. The reason for the ingress of such particles on the ovaries may be an increase in intra-abdominal pressure during heavy lifting.

Paraovarian neoplasms most often begin to grow against the background of inflammatory processes, after abdominal trauma, abdominal surgery (for example, removal of the appendix). The cause of tumor growth may be overheating of the lower body (bathing in a hot bath), impaired development of the genitals.

The dermoid cyst is of genetic origin. Its growth begins in a woman of any age. The provoking factors are diseases of the genital organs, the effects of toxins on the body, including nicotine and drugs.

As a rule, a cyst of the right ovary is found in the reproductive age, when hormonal disorders occur most often. At risk are women suffering from obesity, infertility, menstrual irregularities, bad habits and promiscuous sex.

Complications of cyst formation

The disease occurs in 2 forms: complicated and uncomplicated. Complications occur if the neoplasm reaches a size of 3 cm or more. The following conditions are dangerous:

Twisting of the leg, cessation of blood supply. Possible necrosis and blood poisoning.
Rupture of the capsule. If it swells and bursts, then the contents are poured into the abdominal cavity, which leads to peritonitis. Together with the capsule, the ovarian membrane can rupture, and its apoplexy will occur.
Hemorrhage (internal bleeding). This process is most typical for the right ovary, since it has a direct connection with the abdominal aorta. Possible hemorrhage inside the ovary, as well as in the abdominal cavity. If the hemorrhagic cyst is large, the bleeding is severe, only an urgent operation can save the woman.
Malignancy. In some cases, the endometrioid or dermoid cyst degenerates into a cancerous tumor.

As doctors warn, the main cause of complications is usually an untimely visit to the doctor. Feeling unwell, women often self-medicate with home remedies, not knowing the diagnosis, wasting precious time. Often, on the advice of friends, they warm up the lower abdomen, which is strictly forbidden to do.

The consequences can be suppuration of the contents, peritonitis, sepsis, disruption of neighboring organs, bleeding, anemia, removal of the ovary and infertility.

Cysts during pregnancy and childbirth

With a significant increase in tumors, the onset of pregnancy is difficult. They can provoke menstrual disorders, lack of ovulation. In addition, neoplasms can block the entrance to the fallopian tubes, making fertilization impossible.

If during pregnancy a small ovarian cyst is found on the right or left side (less than 3 cm in diameter), then constant monitoring of its development is carried out (a luteal cyst, for example, dissolves in a week).

In case of rapid growth and danger of twisting, hemorrhage or other complications, the neoplasm is removed. If this is not done, then even in the absence of pathological processes, an enlarging cyst can press on the uterus, hindering the growth and development of the fetus, disrupting blood circulation. This provokes an abortion or premature birth.

During childbirth, attempts can provoke a rupture of the cyst and the ingress of its contents into the abdominal cavity and birth canal. In this case, a situation arises that is dangerous for a woman's life. An urgent abdominal operation is required.

Video: Cyst of the corpus luteum during pregnancy

Symptoms

If the cyst of the right ovary has a diameter less than 2 cm, then the woman does not feel its presence. The growth of the tumor leads to the appearance of a pulling pain in the groin area on the right side.

Cycle irregularities occur: increased or decreased menstrual bleeding, delayed menstruation, inability to get pregnant. Spotting spotting appears between menstruation due to the leakage of the contents of the cyst.

A large capsule presses on adjacent organs. In this case, a woman experiences constipation, flatulence, difficulty urinating. Pressure on the intestines leads to nausea, heartburn.

With inflammation of the ovarian cyst, located on the right side, the same symptoms occur as with appendicitis (cutting pains in the lower abdomen, pain on palpation of this area, nausea, vomiting). Therefore, in some cases, an inaccurate diagnosis may be made, and the picture of the disease becomes clear already during the operation.

Symptoms of complications are severe abdominal pain, fever, anemia, uterine bleeding.

Diagnostics and treatment

Large cysts are found already on palpation. To determine their size, localization and type, ultrasound (external and transvaginal) is used. The presence or absence of pregnancy is also established.

To find out about the accumulation of blood in the abdominal cavity, a puncture of the back of the vagina is performed. The method of laparoscopy is used. If necessary, you can immediately remove the cyst during the procedure.

Do blood tests for hormones, tumor markers, blood and urine tests for the presence of infectious agents.

Drug treatment is carried out when functional cysts larger than 5 cm are detected. For this, drugs containing estrogens and progesterone (Janine, Duphaston, Jess) are used to normalize hormonal levels. In case of detection of inflammatory processes, antibiotics are prescribed.

Paraovarial, endometrioid, and dermoid cysts are surgically removed as they are unable to shrink or dissolve under the influence of drugs. Most often, removal is performed by the laparoscopic method. Young women usually try to preserve the ovary and fertility.

For women over 45 years old, partial or complete removal of the ovary can be performed, since they have a higher risk of malignant transformation.

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RIGHT OVARIAN CAVITY

On the 8th day of the cycle:

Uterus = 4.5 x 4 x 3.1

The contours are smooth, the echo structure of the myometrium is homogeneous, of normal echogenicity.

M-echo = 0.5 cm, homogeneous.

The uterine cavity is not expanded, not deformed.

Cervix = 2.8 x 2.4. The contours are smooth. The echo structure of the myometrium is homogeneous, normal echogenicity.

The church canal has not been expanded.

There is no free fluid in the posterior space.

The right ovary is on the side of the uterus = 3.9 x 2.7 x 3.2 with a cystic homogeneous inclusion, 1.5 cm in diameter.

Left ovary - to the side of the uterus = 2.5 x1.4 x2.2. The contours are smooth. The echo structure of the myometrium is homogeneous, normal echogenicity with follicular structures 0.5-0.6 cm.

In the area of the appendages on both sides, there are linear echo-positive structures.

Conclusion: Cavity formation of the right ovary (differentiate with retention).

Signs of the postponed inflammatory process in the area of the appendages.

Follicle ultrasound on the 14th day of the cycle:

Right ovary = 3.1 x 1.9 x 2.1 with a corpus luteum 1.5 cm in diameter.

Left ovary = 4.1 x 1.7 x 2.0 with several fluid inclusions up to 0.9 cm in diameter.

In the posterior space, there is an accumulation of free liquid with a layer thickness of up to 1.2 cm.

obr-e of the left ovary (they said it will resolve). They put in the hospital injections of anti-inflammatory and antibiotics, without studying the hormonal background, they said to drink a choice of jess, logest, yarina and 2 other OK. Is it possible to prescribe without examining the hormone. background. (if possible, which ones are better I am afraid to replenish) and is this education very dangerous?

the contours are smooth. echo structure of the myometrium is homogeneous, normal echogenicity

The fertilized egg in the uterine cavity is not visualized, the uterine cavity is not expanded.

cervix: dl 3cm, thick 2.6

Right ovary 2.9 * 1.4 * 1.7cm. the contours are even with several cystic homogeneous inclusions up to 0.3 cm.

Left 3.3 * 1.9 * 2.2cm. the contours are smooth with a yellow body with a diameter of 1.7 cm.

In the area of the appendages on both sides, there are linear echo-positive structures.

the question is, what could it be. long-awaited pregnancy.

Retention formation of the left ovary, causes, treatment

In the reproductive system of a woman, the ovaries play one of the main roles. They produce eggs, after the fertilization of which, life is born. Once a month, a follicle with an egg is formed in one of the ovaries. When the follicle matures, it bursts, the egg comes out, a corpus luteum is formed, which produces the hormones progestins.

This process is called ovulation. But it happens that the natural course of ovulation is disturbed, and then retention formation of the ovary may occur.

In our article, we will talk about this phenomenon, namely about the retention formation of the left ovary, consider the causes of its occurrence, learn to recognize the main signs, and get acquainted with the methods of treatment.

What is the retention formation of the left ovary. Causes of occurrence.

Retention formation of the left ovary, what is it? At its core, it is a tumor-like formation on the ovary. Here the keyword is similar, since it differs from the tumor in structure and does not produce metastases. Outwardly, this formation looks like a thin transparent bladder, with blood, fluid, in rare cases, with pus inside.

Sizes, which, as they grow, can vary from a couple of centimeters to 15, or even over 20 centimeters in diameter. This disease is also called an ovarian retention cyst.

According to statistics, retention formation of the left ovary occurs much less frequently than the right one, and girls and women of reproductive age (from 14 to 50 years old) are at risk. As a percentage, out of the total number of diseases of the reproductive system of women, 20% is allocated to retention formations. This means that every fifth woman has experienced this ailment.

Among the main causes of cystic formation of the left ovary are the following:

hormonal disorders;
early menstruation;
irregularities in the menstrual cycle, ovulation, follicle formation;
endometriosis;
the presence in the past of abortions, or other operations on the reproductive organs;
the presence in the medical history of previously transferred retention formations of the ovaries;
various infections of the genitourinary system;
inflammatory processes in the ovaries, uterus;
uncontrolled use of hormonal drugs, including contraceptives;
early sexual activity;
overweight;
not a balanced diet;
bad habits (smoking, alcohol and drug addiction).

The emergence of retention formation depends on the influence of many factors, both internal (endocrine disorders) and external (early sex, bad habits).

Classification and general signs of retention formation of the left ovary

Today, experts identify several types of retention formations, which directly depend on the reasons that served for their formation.

Follicular formations

The most common, and least dangerous (the occurrence of oncology is minimal). As the name implies, follicles arise from the fact that the ovulation process does not end, and the egg remains in the follicle that has not burst, from which the cyst is formed. It can grow up to five or more centimeters in diameter.

Formations from the corpus luteum

They are much less common than follicular. After ovulation, a corpus luteum is formed, which secretes progestogens - female hormones. If hormonal disorders are present in the body, then a cyst begins to grow in place of the corpus luteum.

Paraovarian education

The place of origin is the ovarian epididymis. The peculiarity of this type is that the cyst itself grows very slowly and is practically asymptomatic, which makes it difficult to diagnose it at the initial stage of growth. The size of this formation can be up to 15 centimeters in diameter (sometimes up to 30 cm) and weigh a couple of kilograms.

Endometrioid formation

It develops with endometriosis (epithelial cells of the inner layer of the uterus begin to spread and grow outside the uterus). In this case, the endometrial cells enter the ovary, and after a while they become overgrown with a capsule, which begins to grow. The size ranges from 1 to 10 centimeters. Due to the accumulated blood in them, they have a brown tint.

At an early stage of growth, the cyst does not give itself away, the disease can practically be asymptomatic.

But over time, in the process of growth, such signs of retention formation of the left ovary appear:

left-sided pain of a pulling or aching character, localized in the lower abdomen;
constant tension of the muscles of the peritoneum;
nausea, general weakness;
the stomach visually enlarges;
instability of the menstrual cycle;
spotting may appear;
acute abdomen, increased body temperature (when the cyst bursts).

Despite the fact that in most cases, the retention formation of the ovary does not cause much concern and does not develop into a malignant one, timely diagnosis and treatment is indispensable.

Diagnosis and treatment

You can diagnose this disease at different stages in the following ways:

Examination by a gynecologist

By palpation and with the help of special instruments, the doctor can determine the location of the formation, its size.

Ultrasound examination

Allows you to diagnose even at an early stage of development, since the echographic signs of the retention formation of the left ovary are distinguished by a characteristic feature - a high level of echo conductivity. Also, this type of study determines the size, shape, density of the walls.

HCG (human chorionic hormone) test

Carried out to exclude ectopic pregnancy.

X-ray of the sigmoid colon

The clinic of cystic formation on the left ovary is similar in symptoms to a malignant tumor of the sigmoid colon.

Computed tomography and MRI. It is used if there is a fear of malignant formation.

After carrying out the necessary diagnostic measures, and making a diagnosis, it is necessary to undergo appropriate therapy.

As a rule, two types of treatment are used in practice:

In case of retention formation of the left ovary, treatment in a conservative way, includes either the tactics of "waiting" or the use of drugs.

In the first case, the cystic formation can dissolve by itself, without any intervention. This method requires constant monitoring and control of the growth of the cyst. The second - involves the use of hormonal drugs (for example, Duphaston or Novinet).

When a conservative method of treatment does not bring the desired results, then surgical treatment is used. Surgical treatment refers to the direct surgical removal of the retention cyst of the left ovary (eg, laparoscopy).

Retention formation of the left ovary, an unpleasant disease for any woman. Untimely detection and improper treatment can lead to unwanted complications.

To minimize the risk of retention formations, you need to carefully monitor your health, and regularly undergo examinations by a gynecologist.

Read more about the reasons for the cysts' invasion - in the video:

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Ovarian retention formation

Quite often, after visiting a gynecologist, women of fertile age are sent for ultrasound examination of the pelvic organs, and the ultrasound doctor issues a conclusion - "ovarian retention formation." What does this diagnosis say, and is this education dangerous?

Retention formation can occur in any parenchymal or glandular organ, if there is an obstacle to the violation of the outflow of secreted fluid. There may be a cyst in the salivary glands, or in the mammary gland. From a histological point of view, a retention cyst is a volumetric formation that is filled with fluid inside.

Usually a cyst is a thin-walled formation, and with an ultrasound scan, the contents can be clearly seen. This fluid is produced by the inner layer of cells that line the inner cavity. There is also an alternative way - this is the sweating of the liquid part of the blood (plasma) from nearby blood vessels. Most often, such formations are found in women of the fertile period, somewhat less often they are observed during menopause and in the postmenopausal period, and even less often cysts are found in girls under the age of one year, and even in the fetus.

Sometimes doctors can call a retention cyst functional. Where did this name come from? Normally, tissues trapped inside the formation produce the desired secret. This is their function. It was just by chance that conditions were created that prevented the violation of the outflow of this fluid, and therefore a cystic vesicle began to form. After the fluid begins to accumulate in the cyst cavity, it constantly grows and increases in size. Due to an increase in pressure, the epithelium, lining the cavity from the inside, gradually begins to degenerate, and the production of fluid gradually stops.

Depending on the conditions of occurrence, the ovarian cyst is follicular, endometrioid and corpus luteum cyst. Sometimes there are paraovarian phenomena and their other varieties. Follicular cysts occur after the rupture of the follicle, after the mature egg has come out, and often appear with hormonal imbalance if there is no ovulation. Often the presence of multiple follicular retention cysts is a sign of infertility.

If a cyst is formed that produces progesterone after ovulation, and it does not regress, then it is called a corpus luteum cyst.

Finally, if a woman suffers from endometriosis, and it has an ectopic localization, then the endometrium can also be rejected in the ovary, as in the uterus, and in the case of a closed space, an endometrioid cyst occurs. It is also called chocolate.

It makes no difference whether a retention formation of the right ovary or the other side has occurred. It can grow up to 10 cm and even more, but in practice the size rarely exceeds 6 - 8 cm.

Causes

This pathology occurs when there are certain violations. The most common reasons are:

inflammation of the pelvic organs, especially chronic inflammation of the ovaries and uterus, nosologies such as adnexitis and salpingitis, oophoritis;
surgical gynecological intervention;
abortion;
sexually transmitted infections and sexually transmitted diseases;
with self-medication with hormonal drugs, with the appointment of oral contraceptives without indications;
with illiterate treatment of infertility, in which they try to achieve ovulation at any cost;
due to overwork, malnutrition.

In unborn girls, cysts occur, for example, with stimulation by maternal hormones, or with a general increase in the concentration of hormones in the prenatal period. Retention cysts of follicular origin disappear in half of newborn girls in the first two to three months of life.

What is the danger?

The danger of any retention cyst is not that it exists and is asymptomatic, but what can happen to it. And the following events can happen:

in the event that the formation is on a long stem, this leg can twist. As a result, necrosis of living tissues occurs due to vascular necrosis, which causes the emergence of acute surgical pathology;

The cyst is constantly enlarging, and eventually ruptures.
The contents are poured into the abdominal cavity. If this content was sterile, and its volume is small, the woman can recover on her own. If the contents of the cyst were of a significant volume, there may be a threat of infection with the development of pelvic peritonitis, which leads to an immediate threat to life. In case of a rupture, an urgent operation is needed.
Finally, the outcome of any cyst can be massive intraperitoneal bleeding, especially if the rupture has resulted in a medium or large vessel damage.

Symptoms

When can a woman suspect the presence of retention cysts? Of course, they often do not appear in any way, especially if the formations have not yet reached a significant diameter. But you need to contact a gynecologist if the following symptoms occur:

general weakness or malaise associated with menstruation;
subfebrile temperature figures in the premenstrual period;
the appearance of pain in the second phase of the female cycle;
increased pain during sex, with increased physical exertion, with sudden movements;
if there is a feeling of fullness on the right or left in the abdomen, which intensifies in the second phase;
minor bleeding occurs between periods, or passes into menstruation;
Finally, the most important sign of formations may be a delay in menstruation, as well as an increase in abdominal volume, if the cyst has grown to a very large size.

In the event that one of the complications has arisen, the symptomatology may be completely different - this is the appearance of sharp pains in the abdomen, collapse, drop in blood pressure, hemorrhagic shock with bleeding, or symptoms of acute abdomen with peritonitis a few days after the rupture of the cyst.

Signs of retention formation of the left ovary can simulate inflammation of the left ureter, and on the opposite side, biliary colic or pain syndrome associated with stretching of the liver capsule can interfere with accurate diagnosis.

Diagnostics

A full-fledged gynecological examination is the main procedure that allows you to send a woman in the future to various examinations in order to confirm or exclude the presence of a retention ovarian cyst. During the examination, the doctor determines the preliminary localization of the formation, and can also feel painful ovaries.

The main diagnostic method is ultrasound examination of the pelvic organs, both transabdominal and transvaginal. With ultrasound, it is possible not only to determine the exact size and localization of the cyst, but also to suggest the features of the origin of the formation.

In difficult cases, magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography are used, and various tumor markers are determined.

Sometimes, when ectopic implantation of the ovum cannot be ruled out, a pregnancy test is performed.

Surgical diagnosis of complicated conditions usually includes laparoscopic surgery, as well as puncture of the Douglas pocket, or the posterior fornix of the vagina. The puncture shows the accumulation of fresh blood in the abdominal cavity, or effusion, which indicates the onset of peritonitis.

In the event that the presence of effusion is accompanied by significant leukocytosis and an increase in ESR in the general blood test, then the patient must be operated urgently. Retention formation of the left ovary is somewhat easier to diagnose, since the spleen and kidney are on the left, and the kidney, liver and appendix are on the right.

Treatment

In some cases, you can only observe the patient under ultrasound control, without taking any action, since small follicular cysts can dissolve on their own, 2 or 3 months after their onset.

Conservative therapy provides for the normalization of the menstrual cycle: vascular drugs are used, and agents that improve microcirculation, sometimes oral contraceptives are prescribed, under the supervision of a gynecologist-endocrinologist.

Surgery is currently a gentle and minimally invasive procedure. It is performed using a laparoscope, without large incisions. The endoscopic method can not only examine the ovary well, not only perform a puncture of the formation, but also remove it with minimal trauma.

The laparoscopic method of removing cysts practically does not cause any early and late postoperative complications, does not cause the appearance of adhesions, and shortens the postoperative period as much as possible. After laparoscopy, a small trace no more than a centimeter in length remains on the abdominal skin. If an ovarian retention cyst with a diameter of 5 cm is detected laparoscopically, removal is performed, since laparoscopy allows this.

In the same case, if the patient is taken to the department of operative gynecology for emergency indications, then sometimes it is impossible to do without a laparotomy, that is, a wide incision on the anterior abdominal wall. This can be done in order to revise the pelvic organs, remove blood flowing into the abdominal cavity, or perform ovarian resection or even oophorectomy if indicated.

In conclusion, it should be noted that a timely regular examination by a gynecologist makes it possible to diagnose cystic processes occurring in the ovary as early as possible. This, in turn, allows them to be treated in a timely manner, practically without resorting to surgical intervention.

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A possible cause is a violation of the outflow from the glandular structure of the organ. Retention formation of the ovary is a benign tumor that has arisen on the basis of a follicle: the future egg does not leave the ovarian tissue, becoming a factor in the formation of a fluid cavity in the ovary.

Retention formation in the ovary

Appear in different places of the human body. A frequent option is fluid formation in the reproductive and hormonally active structure of the female body: a neoplasm in the ovaries is considered as a risk factor for cancer, but most often the doctor identifies functional tumors during examination.

- This is a cavity with fluid, which occurs when the outflow from the glandular tissue is disturbed (retention - delay or preservation). In most cases, the disease does not require surgical intervention - with a correct diagnosis, the doctor after the next menstruation will not find a tumor in the uterine appendages.

The mechanism of formation of a functional cyst

Every month, ovulation occurs in one of the ovaries (rupture of the follicle and the release of an egg ready for fertilization). Against the background of hormonal disorders or chronic inflammation, anovulation may occur - tissue preservation. Rare anovulatory cycles do not have a serious negative effect on the female body, but with frequent violations of the natural course of events, the following diseases and conditions may occur:

anovulatory infertility;
disorders of the menstrual cycle;

The mechanism of the appearance of retention formation consists of the following successive events:

Maturation of the dominant follicle;
Anovulation (absence of rupture and preservation of a small brush on the ovary);
Gradual accumulation of fluid in the cystic cavity with an increase in size up to 30-50 mm in diameter;
Disappearance of fluid formation after menstruation.

A functional cyst is a small, thin-walled, single-chambered fluid formation that appears and disappears depending on the phase of the menstrual cycle.

Variants and localization of functional ovarian cysts

Detection of a cystic tumor in any of the ovaries is the reason for the examination: it is important to make an accurate diagnosis and choose the optimal treatment tactics. There are 3 main types of retention cysts:

Follicular (size up to 50 mm);
Luteal (size can reach 80 mm).
(not associated with the ovary, the value does not change for a long time).

In the first case, the cystic cavity is formed on the basis of anovulation (from a follicle that did not become an egg), in the second - from the corpus luteum (functionally active tissue that occurs after ovulation), in the third - a congenital defect that does not negatively affect the work of the ovaries. More often, functional cysts of the right ovary are detected, which is explained by the better blood supply to the right uterine appendages and the relatively more frequent appearance of the dominant follicle on the right.

Retention formation of the left ovary is less common, but this localization is no different from the right-sided location of the cystic cavity. In most cases, a cyst is detected with an ultrasound scan performed for prophylactic or diagnostic purposes.

Symptoms of a functional cyst in ovarian tissue

A woman rarely complains if there is a small cyst in any of the ovaries. The main manifestation of the disease is the following menstrual irregularities:

arrival of critical days with a delay of 2-6 days;
scanty and short periods;
profuse menstruation after a short delay;
a long delay in the next menstruation (up to 2-3 weeks).

With an increase in the cystic cavity up to 4-5 cm in diameter, the following symptoms may occur:

pulling pains in the lower abdomen;
feeling of heaviness;
problems with emptying the bladder or rectum (with the pressure of the cyst on adjacent organs).

For women dreaming of childbirth, the following problems are a negative manifestation of retention cysts:

difficulties with the onset of the desired pregnancy;
miscarriage (spontaneous termination of pregnancy at a short time);
frozen pregnancy.

In each case, the presence of a functional formation manifests itself individually: some women do not even know about the presence of problems with the ovaries, some cannot conceive a baby and a retention formation is revealed during examination, in rare cases a cystoma is formed from a follicular cyst, requiring surgical intervention.

Echoes of the disease

It is the main method for diagnosing retention cysts in the ovary. The following echoes of a cystic neoplasm are distinguished:

The presence of a cavity in the ovary, up to 3-8 cm in size;
Liquid and homogeneous content without additional inclusions;
Thin walls of the cavity (no more than 1 mm);
Smooth inner surface;
Single-chamber education;
Oval shape
The presence of a defect in the ovarian tissue;
Normal ovarian tissue in close proximity to the cyst.

An important sign of a retention cyst is the phenomenon of self-destruction: after menstruation, during an ultrasound scan, the doctor will not find a cystic cavity in the place where there was a fluid neoplasm. In rare cases, the tumor does not disappear and gradually increases, which is the reason for an in-depth examination and surgery.

How often do you see your gynecologist (not during pregnancy)?

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Normalization of the menstrual cycle;
Restoration of ovulation;
Lack of repeated cyst formation in the ovaries;
The onset of the desired pregnancy.

The revealed retention formation in the ovary requires an ultrasound examination and the use of drugs that eliminate hormonal disorders. If untreated, complications may occur (cyst growth, cystoma formation, infertility, persistent menstrual irregularities). It is important to follow your doctor's orders carefully and accurately to prevent serious reproductive and women's health problems.

Hello. An ultrasound scan revealed a cavity formation in the ovary, probably a retention one. The doctor prescribed medication and suggested retesting after menstruation. Maybe an operation is needed? Irina, 28 years old.

Hello Irina. The presence of a cystic cavity with liquid contents in the ovary does not always require a surgical operation. Assuming the presence of a retention formation, it is necessary to do a transvaginal ultrasound examination in dynamics - most often, with the correct use of the doctor's recommendations, the cyst will disappear after menstruation. If this does not happen and the fluid formation increases in size, then surgery may be required.

Ask a free question to a doctor

Functional

There are two types of ovarian cysts: functional and non-functional.

Functional ones are directly related to the hormonal processes occurring in the ovaries, they are formed at a certain phase of the cycle. These include:

Follicular cyst. It forms in the membrane of the dominant follicle in the first phase of the cycle.
Luteal cyst. It occurs after ovulation in the corpus luteum, which forms in a burst follicle after the release of the egg.

The peculiarity is that functional cysts can disappear on their own after the hormonal background returns to normal. Typically, such cysts form on the right ovary.

Non-functional

Non-functional. Such neoplasms themselves do not disappear, they develop outside of connection with the cycle processes. These include:

Endometrioid. It is formed on the surface of the ovary when particles of the mucous membrane of the uterus enter it (the cause is endometriosis, which develops as a result of hormonal imbalance). Due to the uneven structure of the particles, gaps are formed in them, which are filled with menstrual blood. The coagulated blood is dark brown in color. Therefore, such an ovarian cyst is also called a chocolate cyst.
Paraovarial. Formed from a rudimentary ovarian epididymis. The cyst is connected to the body of the ovary by the leg, located near the fallopian tube. This is a congenital pathology that occurs in the embryo at the time of the formation of the reproductive organs. Tumor growth occurs after puberty.
Dermoid. It is formed during intrauterine development at the time of the formation of organs from the germ layers. Each of them contains cells of a certain type, from which various tissues of the body are created. Inside, hair, particles of skin, bones, and dental tissue are found.

Video: How functional ovarian cysts are formed

Reasons for education

The main reason for the formation of functional ovarian cysts is a violation of the ratio of pituitary hormones and, accordingly, a failure in the development of the dominant follicle.

Follicular A cyst is formed when there is an excess of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). The dominant follicle does not rupture, secretory fluid accumulates in it, in the end, a bubble up to 10 cm in diameter forms in its wall.

Cyst corpus luteum is formed if the blood level of luteinizing hormone, which stimulates its growth, is exceeded. The FSH / LH ratio can independently recover to normal within 2-3 cycles, in which case the functional cyst of the right ovary disappears. If this does not happen, then hormonal treatment is used to normalize the background.

Endometrioid a tumor occurs as a result of pathological proliferation of the endometrium with an excess of estrogen in the body. The violation is facilitated by the use of hormonal drugs for the purpose of contraception or replacement therapy. Contributes to the excessive proliferation of the endometrium, damage to the surface of the uterus during inflammatory processes, the formation of scars and adhesions after surgery (abortion, curettage).

Note: Particles of the endometrium can be thrown into the abdominal cavity with blood if, for example, a woman has sex during her period. The reason for the ingress of such particles on the ovaries may be an increase in intra-abdominal pressure during heavy lifting.

Paraovarian neoplasms most often begin to grow against the background of inflammatory processes, after abdominal injuries, operations in the abdominal cavity (for example, removal of the appendix). The cause of tumor growth may be overheating of the lower body (bathing in a hot bath), impaired development of the genitals.

Dermoid the cyst is of genetic origin. Its growth begins in a woman of any age. The provoking factors are diseases of the genital organs, the effects of toxins on the body, including nicotine and drugs.

Complications of cyst formation

The disease occurs in 2 forms: complicated and uncomplicated. Complications occur if the neoplasm reaches a size of 3 cm or more. The following conditions are dangerous:

Twisting of the leg, cessation of blood supply. Possible necrosis and blood poisoning.
Rupture of the capsule. If it swells and bursts, then the contents are poured into the abdominal cavity, which leads to peritonitis. Together with the capsule, the ovarian membrane can rupture, and its apoplexy will occur.
Hemorrhage (internal bleeding). This process is most typical for the right ovary, since it has a direct connection with the abdominal aorta. Possible hemorrhage inside the ovary, as well as in the abdominal cavity. If the hemorrhagic cyst is large, the bleeding is severe, only an urgent operation can save the woman.
Malignancy. In some cases, the endometrioid or dermoid cyst degenerates into a cancerous tumor.

The consequences can be suppuration of the contents, peritonitis, sepsis, disruption of neighboring organs, bleeding, anemia, removal of the ovary and infertility.

Cysts during pregnancy and childbirth

If during pregnancy a small ovarian cyst is found on the right or left side (less than 3 cm in diameter), then constant monitoring of its development is carried out (the luteal cyst, for example, resolves at 14-16 weeks).

Video: Cyst of the corpus luteum during pregnancy

Symptoms

A large capsule presses on adjacent organs. In this case, a woman experiences constipation, flatulence, difficulty urinating. Pressure on the intestines leads to nausea, heartburn.

Symptoms of complications are severe abdominal pain, fever, anemia, uterine bleeding.

Diagnostics and treatment

Large cysts are found already on palpation. To determine their size, localization and type, ultrasound (external and transvaginal) is used. The presence or absence of pregnancy is also established.

Do blood tests for hormones, tumor markers, blood and urine tests for the presence of infectious agents.

For women over 45 years old, partial or complete removal of the ovary can be performed, since they have a higher risk of malignant transformation.

Women's diseases associated with the reproductive system are very dangerous. They can lead not only to infertility, but also to the development of cancer. One of these diseases is the right ovarian cyst. If you do not pay attention to its appearance in time, then the consequences can be serious. A cystic formation of the right ovary is a benign formation that appears in the female body on the right side. The cause of the neoplasm, as well as the internal accumulation of the cyst, depends on its origin.

Luteal cyst of the right ovary is a disease that occurs as a result of a large number of factors. Despite the fact that in modern medicine there is the possibility of diagnosing a cyst of the right ovary, the causes of its occurrence still remain a mystery.

One of the most common causes of functional changes in the body is hormonal changes. Moreover, fluid formation of the left ovary and right ovary may be associated with the following disorders:

Constant stress and nervous shock.
Failure of the ovaries.
Inflammation of the ovaries and fallopian tubes.
Dysfunction of the thyroid gland, as well as weight problems.
Abortion.
Violation of the menstrual cycle.

All of these factors can cause the disease, and depending on the definition of the cause, the cyst on the ovary is treated.

Cyst symptoms

When diagnosed, doctors most often find a cyst of the right ovary. The patient comes to the doctor not because something hurts, but in order to conduct a preventive examination. And as a result of it, a disease is discovered, the treatment of which must be carried out immediately so that it does not lead to serious consequences. As a rule, the size of the neoplasm can be no more than 3 centimeters. The main symptoms include:

Pain that occurs periodically in the lower abdominal cavity.
The menstrual cycle is disturbed, it can be expressed in a delay in menstruation or in the appearance of profuse bleeding.
During intercourse, pain in the lower abdomen appears.
Increased body temperature for a long time.
There is blood in the discharge.
Weakness and dizziness.

If you notice such symptoms in your condition, then you need to consult a doctor for an examination in order to avoid serious violations in the future.

Types of cystic formations

If we talk about cystic formation in the right ovary, then two main types can be distinguished.

Functional impairment... In women of reproductive age, luteic and follicular acid is produced, and in the event of a malfunction of the internal organs, neoplasms appear that must be treated.
Genetic pathologies- associated with genetic diseases of the mother during pregnancy.

In addition, neoplasms can be single or multiple, single-chambered and multi-chambered. A particular health hazard can be caused by a multi-chamber cyst, which causes a lot of discomfort if you self-medicate and do not seek help from a doctor.

Consequences of neoplasms

If you consult a doctor in time, you can avoid serious consequences. But with self-medication, complications may appear, which are not so easy to get rid of. The main consequences of the disease include:

In order to prevent serious consequences, when the first signs appear, it is necessary to consult a doctor and carry out diagnostic measures. The following methods are widely used as diagnostics:

Ultrasound of the cyst on the right.
Ultrasound examination of the abdominal cavity.
Puncture, thanks to which you can find out the degree of threat of hemorrhage in the abdominal cavity.
In addition, the patient is offered to undergo basic tests - a general blood test. When receiving an analysis on your hands, you should pay attention to the indicators of leukocytes and erythrocytes in the blood. You need to pass a biochemical analysis.
Testing for the presence of oncology.

After passing all the above examinations, it will be possible to conclude that surgery or conservative treatment is necessary.

Treatment of a cystic neoplasm

Treatment is prescribed depending on the reasons for the appearance and the type of education. The corpus luteum forms on the ovary and can be voluminous. If it is small and does not pose any danger, then the doctor prescribes conservative treatment. If the cyst is small, it is monitored without any medical intervention. Consider several treatment options:

Much in the appointment of treatment also depends on the age of the women. If a woman is of childbearing age, then she is not prescribed ovarian resection. If we are talking about a woman who is not of childbearing age, then the ovary can be removed. After surgery, hormone therapy is prescribed, which can last up to 3 months. It is necessary to create support for the body and the impossibility of the appearance of inflammatory processes in the future.

In order for the disease not to pass into a dangerous stage, it is necessary to visit a gynecologist at least twice a year. Timely detection of a cyst will prevent serious disorders in the body.

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